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100 Techno Science Africana Journal Volume 14, Number 2 December, 2017 ISSN 2006 - 2273

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100 Techno Science Africana Journal Volume 14, Number 2 December, 2017 ISSN 2006 - 2273 Techno Science Africana Journal Volume 14, Number 2 December, 2017 ISSN 2006 - 2273 Techno Science Africana Journal Journal homepage : www.technoscienceafricana.com SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM OUTLETS IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA Murtala U. Mohammed Department of Geography Bayero University, Kano ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords : The paper identifies the location, pattern and distribution of Distribution, Pattern, petroleum outlets in Kano Metropolis. The list of petroleum Petroleum outlet, outlets was obtained from the department of petroleum Kano Metropolis resources (DPR) Kano Office. A street map of Kano Metropolis was obtained from Kano State Ministry of Land and Physical Planning. Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin 76X was used to capture the coordinates of the petroleum outlets. ArcGIS 10 was used to produce the distribution map and to determine the distribution pattern using nearest neighbour analysis. The findings revealed that there were 214 petroleum outlet located along the 43 roads in the study area, of which 69% are owned by independent marketers, 26% owned by Major Marketers and 5% owned by the NNPC. There is significant correlation between the number of petroleum outlets and the road hierarchy. While Zaria, Maidugure and Katsina Roads have the highest number of petroleum outlet, Short roads like Sabo Bakin Zuwo and Zungero Roads have the highest density of petroleum outlets. Although the petroleum alignedin linear form, the overall pattern of the distributions of Corresponding: petroleum outlets is clustered and there is significant difference between the patternobserved and expected murtalamuhammad (random) pattern at both 95 and 99% level of significance. The @gmail.com major factors governing the location of petroleum outlets are the traffic flow, exit site from the city and closeness to motor park. There is no spatial database for petroleum outlets that can enable one access the site hence this study could help the customers locate the petroleum outlet at ease. INTRODUCTION while the rest add shops to their primary Filling Station, petrol station, gas station or business (Ayodele, 2011). petroleum outlet refers to any land, or As noted by Mohammed et al . (2014) building used for the sale or dispensing of the petroleum industry in Nigeria has been petrol and petroleum related products. The categorized into the upstream and the term is applied to this land whether the downstream. Exploration, production and petroleum products is the only sold or is delivery of crude oil or gas to the terminals combine with other products.It is also applied constitute the upstream section. While the where the sell is legal or illegal (Mohammed et downstream encompasses loading, al ., 2014). In Nigeria, most petrol outlets sell transportation, supply, refining distribution petrol or diesel, some carry specialty fuels and marketing (Asada, nd; and Mohammed, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural Musa and Jeb, 2014). gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane 100 Techno Science Africana Journal Volume 14, Number 2 December, 2017 ISSN 2006 - 2273 The history of petrol stations in Nigeria study on petroleum outlet distribution and for dated back to 1907 when the Socony Vacuum creating database that will help customers to brought the first cargo of sunflower kerosene locate the outlets. More so knowing the to the country and since then upto the Nigeria pattern of the distribution pattern and factors independence in 1960, oil companies had been governing the distribution will help in policy in full control of arrangement for supplying formulation. Therefore, this study aims at petroleum products (Agbola, 1979 and Udoh, identifying the spatial distribution of 2013). After the independenceconstruction of petroleum outlet in Kano Metropolitan. more roads, school, and factories sky rocketed Study Area leadingto the demand of all grades of The study area, Kano metropolis lies petroleum products (Agbola, 1979) and this between latitude 11 o 50’ to 12 o 07’ north of the led to proliferation of petroleum outlets Equator and longitude 8 o 22’ to 8 o 47’ east of throughout the country (Mohammed, prime meridian. The climate of the area is 2015).According to Ambituuni, Amezaga and Tropical wet and dry climate (Mohammed, Emeseh, (2014) Nigeria has over 26,000 retail Abdulhamid, Badamasi and Ahmed, 2015), stations, owned by three operators that coded Aw by the Koppen’s Climatic dominate the industries: the major marketers, Classification System (Olofin, 1987). Kano city the independent marketers and the NNPC. Six is one of the ancient Hausa settlements major marketers controls 25.47% share of the founded in 9 th Century and around Dala Hill fuels retail market; over 3800 Independent (Olofin 1987, Dankani 2013). Barau (2006) Marketers control 51% of the fuels retail argued that Kano city became the centre of market; while the NNPC controls only 23.43% commerce of the Bilad (state of) sudan since of the retail market. the reign of Sarkin Kano Rumfa in 15 th century. Studying petroleum outlet distribution Dankani (2013) is of the view that the spatial cannot be overemphasize, asa result a lot planning and development of the area started studies were conducted. These studies with the building of the first city wall between areespecially gettingmore momentum in the 1095 and 1134 that stretched east of the Kurmi recent years due to availability of free and low market near the Jakara stream. After cost GIS applications(Olusankanmi, independence, Kano witnessed an 2017).Some of the GIS-based studies of unprecedented urbanization and rapid petroleum outlet distribution in Nigeria population growth due to socio-economic include that of Sule, Shebe, Bichi and transformation in the state.Kano metropolisis Atiyon,(2006), Ayodele (2011) and Olusankami made up of 60 km 2 declared urban area of (2017). Also studies were conducted on which 40 km 2 is built-up (Dankani, 2013). petroleum outlet site selection (Adsavakulchai Presently the metropolis constitutes eight and Huntula, 2010), evaluated the extent to local governments with a total population of which petrol stations affect their surrounding 2.8 million in 2006 and 4 million in 2016 (Morales Terrés et al , 2010) and related with (Hassan, 2016). other land use (Ioj and Tudor, 2011; Blamah, Kano metropolis is major commercial Vivan., Tagwi and Ezemokwe, 2012) and for hub and the largest industrial city in northern evaluation the location of filling stationswith Nigeria. In addition to its various craft planning standards (Oetomo and Sesulihatien, industry, the city houses hundreds of 2012; and Mohammed et al , 2015). The study manufacturing industries located in the five area, Kano metropolis is the second largest industrial areas of Bompai, Challawa, Dakata city in Nigeria (Isa et al ., 2016) and has high Gunduwawa and Sharada (Liman and Adamu, population density and vehicular movement 2003; and Liman, 2015). The city also has over (KUTPO, 2010), as result there is high twelve commercial centres (major markets) proliferation petroleum outlet to satisfy the and various formal and informal residential increasing demand of petroleum products areas (Liman, 2015). (Mohammed, 2015). Hence there is need for 101 Techno Science Africana Journal Volume 14, Number 2 December, 2017 ISSN 2006 - 2273 Source: KUTPO (2010) and Quicbird satellite image (2011) Figure 1: Kano Metropolis MATERIAL AND METHODS measure association between number of Data for this research were obtained using petrol filling stations and road hierarchy. Maps both primary and secondary sources. A street showing the spatial distribution of filling map of Kano Metropolis was obtained from stations were drawn in the Arcmap Kano State Ministry of Land and physical environment. The pattern of the distribution planning. This map was georefrenced, was determined using nearest neighbourhood digitized and updated using Quickbird image analysis. Data were presented in forms of of 2011. The lists of filling stations were maps, charts and tables. obtained from the Department of Petroleum Unstructured interview was Resources (DPR) Kano office. Global conducted with the officials of Independent Positioning System (GPS) Garmin 76X was Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria used to obtain and record the (IPMAN), Kano chapter at their head office in coordinates(latitude and longitude) of the Maiduguri Road and with Director Planning petrol filing stations. The survey was Kano Urban Planning Development Agency conducted in 2014. The list of filling stations, (KNUPDA) to find out first-hand information including their names, addresses and locations about filling station operation and factors (latitude and longitude) were prepared in consider in locating of petrol filling station in Microsoft Excel application. The data was the area. saved in dbf format and then import to Arcmap environment of ArcGIS 10 for the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION analysis. The field data, street data and There exist two hundred and fourteen (214) metropolitan shape files were merged petroleum outlet at the time of study located together for the analysis. The length of each along the forty four (43) roads in the area road in kilometer was determined after (Table 1). However the filling stations are not creating field and by the use of calculated equally distributed between the roads as can geometry function in Arcmap.The rroad were be observed from the table, Zaria Road has categorized into major, minor and access the highest number of stations followed by hierarchy and
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