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WCA-Annual-Report.Pdf We believe all people have a right to nutritious food and a better livelihood. ICRISAT works in agricultural ICRISAT-India ICRISAT-Niger ICRISAT-Ethiopia research for development across (Headquarters) Niamey, Niger Addis Ababa, Ethiopia the drylands of Africa and Asia, Patancheru, Telangana, India [email protected] [email protected] making farming profitable [email protected] ICRISAT-Malawi for smallholder farmers while ICRISAT-Nigeria Lilongwe, Malawi reducing malnutrition and ICRISAT-India Liaison Office Kano, Nigeria [email protected] environmental degradation. New Delhi, India [email protected] ICRISAT-Mozambique Maputo, Mozambique We work across the entire value ICRISAT-Mali ICRISAT-Kenya [email protected] chain from developing new (Regional hub WCA) (Regional hub ESA) ICRISAT-Zimbabwe varieties to agri-business and Bamako, Mali Nairobi, Kenya Bulawayo, Zimbabwe linking farmers to markets. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ICRISAT appreciates the support of CGIAR investors to help overcome poverty, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the harshest dryland regions of the world. See http://www.icrisat.org/icrisat-donors.htm for full list of donors. About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: EXPLOREit.icrisat.org /company/ /PHOTOS/ /ICRISAT /ICRISAT /ICRISATco /ICRISATSMCO ICRISAT ICRISATIMAGES 261-16 About ICRISAT The International Crops Research poorest of the poor. ICRISAT and Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics its partners help empower these (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, non- poor people to overcome poverty, political organization that conducts hunger, malnutrition and a degraded agricultural research for development environment through better and in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa more resilient agriculture. with a wide array of partners from ICRISAT is headquartered near throughout the world. Covering Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, 6.5 million square kilometers of with two regional hubs and four land in 55 countries, the semi-arid country offices in sub-Saharan Africa. tropics have over 2 billion people, ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR and 644 million of these are the Consortium. ICRISAT-Bamako (Regional Hub West and Central Africa) BP 320, Bamako, Mali Fax: + 223 20 70 92 01 Phone: + 223 20 70 92 20 Email: [email protected] ICRISAT-Niger BP 12404, Niamey, Niger (via Paris) Fax: + 227 20 73 43 29 Phone: + 227 20 72 25 29 Email: [email protected] ICRISAT-Kano PMB 3491, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Tarauni, Kano, Nigeria Phone: + 234 70 34 88 98 36 Email: [email protected] Concept and editorial coordination Contributors Citation Agathe Diama, ICRISAT Baloua Nebie1, Eva Weltzien1, Fred H ICRISAT West and Central Africa. ([email protected]) Rattunde1, Sabine Togola1, Angarawai, 2016. Future-proof science for II1, Hakeem Ajeigbe1, Babu N Motagi1, upcoming generations. 2015. Editing, design and proofreading Michael B Vabi1, Falalou Hamidou1, Regional Hub: BP 320, Bamako, Textpolish Fatondji Dougbedji1, Malick Ba1, Mali. International Crops Research (www.textpolish.com) Alphonse Singbo1, Edmond Totin1, Krista Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Isaacs1, Chiaka Diallo1, John Nzungize1, 56 pp. www.icrisat.org Felix Badolo1, Hippolyte Affognon1, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu1, Mathieu ICRISAT’s scientific Ouédraogo1, Samuel T Partey1, Robert information: Zougmoré1, Saratjith MC1, Ramadjita exploreit.icrisat.org Tabo1, Aboubacar Toure1, Sapna Jarial1; JF Rami2, Denis Bastianeli2, Myriam 2 2 2016 ICRISAT WCA. Adam , Fabrice Davrieux , Kirsten vom 1 ICRISAT All rights reserved. Brocke2, Abdoulaye Gaoussou Diallo3, 2 CIRAD – Montpellier/France 3 3 3 Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER), Mali Fily Dembele , Abocar Touré , Samba 4 Institute for Agricultural Research, Traoré3, Niaba Teme3, DA Aba4, Mary Ahmadu Bello University (IAR/ABU), Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria 4 5 Yeye , and Michael Blummel . 5 International Livestock Research Institute Contents 4 Letter from Director General and SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND Director, West and Central Africa POLICY AND IMPACT 28 Stable future for millet and CROP IMPROVEMENT sorghum as improved varieties 8 Sweet ways to sorghum success penetrate Niger and Nigeria in integrating crops and livestock thanks to high grain yield and 30 Seed certification and marketing stover quality policies in Mali: do farmers actually benefit? 10 Climate-smart sorghums gain Nigerian farmers’ backing to 32 Opportunities and barriers in reverse the crop’s production the purchase of sorghum hybrid decline seeds in Mali: a qualitative assessment 12 Development of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic 34 Research-development calibrations for sorghum stem partnerships for large-scale use quality of priority proven technologies of millet and sorghum in Mali 14 Designing effective groundnut breeding strategies through 36 Integrated management of farmer-breeder interaction in soil fertility and the Striga northern Nigeria parasitic weed gives a 60% boost to sorghum and pearl 16 Groundnuts show new traits millet yields of tolerance to drought stress conditions under lysimeter 38 Making improved varieties seed system in Niger available to boost groundnut productivity in West Africa INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT 40 Farmers in Mali adopt soil and 20 Effect of Acacia species husbandry water conservation measures on millet and cowpea grown in to offset climate change pure stands or strip cropping CLIMATE CHANGE AGRICULTURE 22 Tillage practice and nitrogen AND FOOD SECURITY application can boost soil health and productivity of sorghum- 44 Developing Climate-Smart village based systems in the dry savanna models through integrated participatory action research 24 Resistance genes retain a vital at West Africa sites role in the face of climate change 48 VISITS AND ACTIVITIES 54 WHO WE ARE 5 Letter from Director General and Director, West and Central Africa We are pleased to present the ICRISAT–West and Central To start this report, we will introduce you to the first The value of in-depth and thorough research in today’s Africa annual research highlights for 2015. This report multi-purpose sweet sorghum varieties with high grain agricultural environment impacted by the consequences contains articles covering the major advancements that yield and stover quality for integrating crop and livestock of a changing climate cannot be overestimated as the we experienced during the year with regards to crop systems in West and Central Africa (WCA). Also for the impacts of global climate change – combined with rapid improvement, integrated crop management and systems first time, we present the results of our preliminary socioeconomic changes – are likely to increase uncertainty generations upcoming science for Future-proof analysis, policy and impact. experiences with the development of near-infrared in water availability and water security. In this context, reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations for assessing we are carrying out research on current and future water | sorghum stem quality as a determinant of fodder and feed availability and on the demand scenarios. quality for livestock. Our research is geared towards improving water Our participatory variety selection by farmers at multiple resources management and addressing water-related 2015 Highlights locations has provided interesting results that are problems in the region. We are committed to generating highlighted in the report. You will learn more about and exchanging knowledge in order to strengthen efforts of scientists and producers in designing effective cooperation, and we hope that our combined efforts groundnut breeding strategies through farmer-breeder will improve water management and help address the interactions in Northern Nigeria. Also, read more problems of water shortages and water-related hazards. about drought phenotyping of a groundnut reference ICRISAT in West and Central Africa is engaged in providing collection sub-set in lysimetric conditions for new traits scientific and analytical background as a foundation for West and Central Africa | and Central West of tolerance in Niger. expansion and also in strengthening the capacities of our agrarian pilot communities, which should also serve as a ICRISAT ICRISAT With regard to integrated crop management, this report catalyst for scaling. highlights the effects of some crop management practices David Bergvinson on the productivity of crops and soil: To conclude, we would like to acknowledge the significant • the effect on millet and cowpea grown in pure stands contribution of partners, and by ICRISAT as a whole, who or in strip cropping with managed Acacia species have made it possible to provide our beneficiaries with • the effect of tillage practice and nitrogen application a wide range of relevant services through a variety of on soil health and productivity of sorghum-based channels in response to diverse needs. systems in the dry savanna of West Africa • the effect of water and nutrient stress on groundnut Political commitment, partnerships, adequate financing varieties. and complementary actions in all aspects of agricultural research for development are essential to reducing The last section of this report shows the importance hunger and poverty. We always value the professionalism, given to systems analysis in our research work; this year efficiency, equity, integrity, accountability, transparency highlighting sorghum and millet productivity in WCA, and assistance available to us from partners. seed certification and marketing policies,
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