UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D. C.
Civil Air Regulations Amendment 42-44 Effective: July 1,1963 Issued: January 11, 1963
Short-range Navigation, the standard in• the Rho Theta system of air naviga• [Reg. Bockets Noa. 751, 912; Amdt. 42-44] ternationally adopted short-range sys• tion, toward which the Federal govern• PART 42—IRREGULAR AIR CARRIER tem of navigation, which indicates to a ment and the aviation industry had so AND OFF-ROUTE RULES pilot the distance his aircraft is from long striven, required that VOR and the ground station transmitter. To DME be used in conjunction with each Airborne Distance Measuring Equip• achieve the mn-gtmiim safety and effici• other. It was pointed out that the ment, Low frequency Radio Range, ency of operation possible from the use system had originally been adopted and and Automatic Direction Finding of the Rho Theta System of Short-range developed with the concurrence of in• Navigation, or VORTAC System as com• dustry users and at considerable public Equipment Requirements monly known, distance information is expense. It was also stated that maxi• This amendment provides that after equally as important as bearing or azi• mum safe utilization of the system is June 30, 1963, an airplane which is re• muth information. The distance in• dependent on airborne navigation equip• quired by the Civil Air Regulations to formation obtained from distance meas• ment being' compatible with the ground be equipped with VOR navigational uring equipment assists a pilot in stay• environment, and that consideration equipment, and operates at and above ing within the limits of the air space must be given to the environment in 24,000 feet MSL in the 48 contiguous assigned him by his air traffic control which the airplane operates in deter• states and the District of Columbia, must clearance. It is invaluable information mining the need for all navigational also be equipped with an approved dis• particularly with respect to Jet aircraft equipment, including DME. tance measuring equipment unit, capable approaching terminal areas at high All civil airplanes operating in the 48 of receiving and indicating distance in• speeds. It reduces the margin of error contiguous states and the District of formation from VORTAC facilities. in estimating position and the proper Columbia at altitudes of 24,000 feet and When sufficient VORTAC facilities be• time to begin a deceleration. Distance in• above are operating within the conti• come available for use in Alaska and formation also facilitates the accurate nental control ares airspace. Addi• Hawaii, DME will also be required in navigation of aircraft In the avoidance tionally, they are in an environment of these areas. In addition, the amend• of severe weather turbulence, in hold• very high-speed air traffic which necessi• ment requires that approved distance ing, and in rerouting by air traffic tates continuous position fixing capabili• measuring equipment be installed on the control. ties and very accurate airborne naviga• following air carrier airplanes which are In 1957. the President's Air Coordinat• tional information. Therefore, In keep• required to be equipped with VOR re• ing Committee, with representation from ing with the concept that equipment ceivers and operate in the 48 contiguous all segments of the aviation Industry, requirements should be determined by states and the District of Columbia re• concluded that traffic volume, complex• the operational environment, it has been gardless of the altitude at which they ity of operations, safety requirements, determined that distance measuring operate after the following dates: efficient use of air space, and the ex• equipment should be required on ail civil 1. Turbojet airplanes—June 30, 1983; peditious movement of air traffic dictate airplanes operating in the 48 contiguous 2. Turboprop airplanes—December 31, that maximum use of both the azimuth states and the District of Columbia at 1963; and distance measuring capabilities of altitudes of 24,000 feet and above after 3. Pressurized reciprocating engine VORTAC be required by at least 1965 June 30,1963, if VOR navigational equip• airplanes—June 30. 1964; and in the navigation of aircraft subject to ment is required. positive separation and in the perform• 4. Other airplanes having a maximum All DME ground installations serving ance of air traffic control service for such certificated takeoff weight of more than the high-altitude route structure are aircraft. The committee recommended 12,500 pounds—June 30, 1965, scheduled to be completed by January that by that time all aircraft to be op• 1, 1964. However, it is anticipated that This amendment also authorizes the erated under Instrument Flight Rules virtually complete DME coverage for this operation of an air carrier airplane over and those to be operated under Visual route structure will be available by June low frequency routes with only one low Flighft Rules in such a manner that they 30. 1963. Other DME ground installa• frequency radio range receiver or auto• will be subject to positive separation be tions are proceeding rapidly and DME matic direction finding receiver under required to have both distance measuring coverage in both the lower route struc• certain conditions. In addition, the and azimuth capability. In accord with tures and in terminal areas will be exten• Agency will, effective July 1, 1963, delete this recommendation, Draft Release No. sive by 1964-1965. These facts together the authority presently contained in 61-11 was published. with the availability of airborne DME paragraph 48 of the Part 42 Operations Subsequent to the publication of Draft meeting appropriate standards have been Specifications which permits operations Release 61-11, the report of the Task considered in the preparation of this in the United States with only one VOR Force on Air Traffic Control, known as amendment and to that pertaining to receiver installed when navigation is Project Beacon, set forth a long-range general aviation. predicated on the use of VOR ground plan to insure the efficient and safe con• Public safety requires that all air aids. trol of the nation's air traffic. This re• carrier operations be conducted with the The Federal Aviation Agency published port, around which the nation's air navi• highest level ot safety and with the best as a notice of proposed rule making (26 gation system is being built, firmly reit• and most accurate navigational infor• P.R. 4455) and circulated as Civil Air erated the need_for DME ta order to mation available. In view thereof, and Regulations Draft Release No. 81-11. attain the degree 6T accuracy in naviga• to consideration of the fact that large dated May 24, 1961, a proposal to amend tion necessary for the safe control of eir air carrier airplanes generally operate Parts 40, 41, 42, and 43 of the Civil Air traffic. at higher speeds, in the higher density Regulations to require the installation In this connection the Agency con• terminal areas, and in that airspace in of distance measuring equipment (DME) ducted a public symposium in Washing• which facilities and procedures for the in certain United States civil airplanes ton, D.C, In February 1962, to discuss use of DME are receiving priority, large In accordance with a specific schedule. airborne equipment requirements asso• air carrier airplanes operating to the Distance measuring equipment is that ciated with implementation of Project 48 contiguous states and the District nf portion of the Rho Theta System of Beacon. The Agency emphasized that Columbia, irrespective of operating alti-
1071 i tildes, should be required to have DUE transition from an LF/MF airways sys• Interested persons have been afforded Installed in accordance with a prescribed tem to a VOR airways system are no an opportunity to participate tn the schedule. In establishing this schedule, longer appropriate in view of the present making of this regulation (26 PR. 4455 the Agency has taken Into considera• coverage and the extensive use of VOR and 9430), and due consideration has tion the installation schedule of DUB aids, and the rapidly diminishing num• been given to all relevant matter pre• ground facilities and the types of air• ber of LF,MF routes. It was. therefore, sented. planes which operate In the various air• proposed to require all air carrier air• In consideration of the foregoing. Fart space environments served by these fa• planes, which are to be operated IFR 42 of the Civil Air Regulations (14 CFR cilities. Accordingly, whenever VOR utilizing VOR aids, to be equipped with Part 42, as amended) is hereby amended navigational equipment Is required, all two VOR receivers, it was also consid• as follows, effective July 1,1963: airplanes operated by air carriers, and ered feasible, and so proposed, to amend 1. By amending 5 42.23 by adding new commercial operators conducting opera• the regulations to permit an airplane paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) to read as tions pursuant to Fart 42, will be required equipped with two VOR receivers to op• follows: to have DME installed as follows: erate on Hie few remaining low frequency § 42,23 Radio eAramuni cations BVBtem 1. On July 1, 1963, all turbojet air• route segments equipped with only one LP/MF receiver, provided the airplane and navigational equipment for large planes: airplanes. is so fueled and VOR aids are so located 2. On January 1, 1964, an turboprop * • • * • airplanes; that the airplane could, in the event of 3. On July 1, 1964, an pressurised a failure of the LP/MP receiver, proceed (d> Whenever VOR navigational re• reciprocating engine airplanes; and safely to an airport by means of VOR aids ceivers are required by paragraph (b) 4. On Jury 1. 1965, all other airplanes and complete an instrument letdown by or cf) of this section, at least one ap• having a maximum certificated takeoff use of the remaining airplane radio proved distance measuring equipment weight of more than 12,500 pounds. system. unit (DME), capable of receiving and in• While this amendment requires DME AD comments received In response to dicating distance Information from only for operations in the 48 contiguous this draft release have been given full VORTAC faculties, «hnn be installed on states and the District of Columbia, it consideration. In the judgment of the each airplane when operated within the win be extended to tnclude operations in Agency, deletion of the Interim rules 48 contiguous states and the District of Alaska and Hawaii at such time as contained in the irregular air carrier's Columbia at and above 24,000 feet MSL sufficient VORT AC facilities are installed operations specifications, which per• after June 30. 1963, and on each ot the in those areas. mitted airplanes to be equipped with following airplanes. Irrespective of the A basic concept with respect to the only one VOR and one LF/MF naviga• altitude flown, when operating in the 48 safety standards applicable to air car• tion receiver for IFR operations within contiguous states and the District of riers is that their airplanes must be the United States during the transition Columbia after the following dates: equipped with dual radio navigational period, is considered necessary In view (1) Turbojet airplanes—June 30,1963; and communications equipment in order of the existing air carrier safety require• (2) Turboprop airplanes—December to provide a high level of safety in the ment for dual equipment, and appropri• 31, 1963; event of equipment failure. This con• ate in view of the fact that the period <3) Pressurized reciprocating engine cept will continue to be reflected in the of transition from LF/MF to VOR ground airplanes—June 30, 1964; and regulations until such time as the relia• aids tn the United States Is essentially <4> Other airplanes having a maxi• bility of the equipment indicates that a completed. It is also considered appro• mum certificated takeoff weight of more failure is most improbable. However, priate and not detrimental to the safety than 12,500 pounds—June 30, 1S65. with respect to airborne DME. the of operations to permit air carrier air• (e) In the event theft the distance Agency believes that the immediate de• planes equipped with two VOR receivers measuring equipment (DME) becomes mands on the' available supply of this and one liF,MF receiver, to operate over inoperative en route, the pilot shall equipment will be such that the public the few remaining LF/MF route seg• notify Air Traffic Control of such failure interest would be betteT served if dual ments until such time as these route as soon as it occurs. distance measuring equipment is not re• segments are completely replaced by (f) In the case of operation over routes quired at this tune. This win assure the VOR airways if an adequate alternate on which navigation is based on low availability of airborne DME for installa• VOR routing fs available by which the frequency radio ranges OT automatic tion at the times specified in the amend• airplane could safely proceed, If neces• direction finding, only one low frequency ment and may permit such installation sary, due to the failure of the LF/MF radio range receiver or ADF receiver need in advance of the times specified. receiver, and the airplane carries suffi• be installed: Provided, That the airplane In addition to Draft Release No. 61-11 cient fuel in the event such routing be• is equipped with two VOR receivers, and which pertained to DME requirements, comes necessary. In order to provide VOR navigational aids are so located the Agency, on October 6, 1961, issued a sufficient leadt.ime for equipping air• and the airplane is so fueled that, in the notice of proposed rule making (26 PJR. planes which have only one VOR re• case of failure of the low frequency radio 9430) and circulated for comment Civil ceiver installed, with a second such range or ADF receiver, the flight may Air Regulations Draft Release No. 61-21. receiver, this amendment is being made proceed safely to a suitable airport by This draft release proposed to amend effective July 1. 1963. At that time means of VOR aids and complete an Part 40 of the Civil Air Regulations by paragraph 48. Radio Navigation Equip• instrument letdown by use of the remain• amending § 40.232(b) and by deleting ment, of the Part 42 operations Specifi• ing airplane radio system. § 40_232
(As published In the Federal Register /28 F.R. 4827 January 18, 1963) RECEIVED.
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