Rules for VFR Flight
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FAA) Privacy Impact Assessment Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT)
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administraiton (FAA) Privacy Impact Assessment Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) Responsible Official David E. Gray Program Manager [email protected] Approving Official Claire W. Barrett Chief Privacy & Information Asset Officer Office of the Chief Information Officer [email protected] 0 U.S. Department of Transportation Executive Summary On May 28, 2010, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published the Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) final rule mandating that aircraft flying in certain controlled airspace be equipped with ADS-B Out capability not later than January 1, 2020.1 In turn, the FAA developed the Service Availability Prediction Tool (SAPT) to assist pilots, dispatchers, and commercial operators in checking their predicted navigation and surveillance availability before a flight as well as handle requests for Air Traffic Control (ATC) authorization pursuant to 14 CFR § 91.225(g). The SAPT has three main components: Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) SAPT, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) SAPT, and ADS-B Deviation Authorization Pre-Flight Tool (ADAPT). This Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) was developed pursuant to Section 208 of the E-Government Act of 2002 because the SAPT includes a web-based capability to collect and manage Personally Identifiable Information (PII) captured from aircraft operators to facilitate the automated handling of ATC authorization requests and FAA’s responses. What is a Privacy Impact Assessment? The Privacy Act of 1974 articulates concepts for how the federal government should treat individuals and their information and imposes duties upon federal agencies regarding the collection, use, dissemination, and maintenance of personally identifiable information (PII). -
Aviation Definitions
Aviation Definitions: A Air Carrier - A commercial airline with published schedules operating at least five round trips per week. Airport Layout Plan (ALP) - The official, FAA approved map of an airport's facilities Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)- A facility providing air traffic control to aircraft on an IFR flight plan within controlled airspace and principally during the enroute phase of flight. Air Taxi - An aircraft certificated for commercial service available for hire on demand. Air Traffic Control (ATC)- The control of aircraft traffic, in the vicinity of airports from control towers, and in the airways between airports from control centers Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)- A central operations tower in the terminal air traffic control system with an associated IFR room if radar equipped, using air/ground communications and/or radar, visual signaling and other devices to provide safe, expeditious movement of air traffic. Altitude MSL - Aircraft altitude measured in feet above mean sea level. Approach Lighting System (ALS) - Radiating light beams guiding pilots to the extended centerline of the runway on final approach and landing. Approach Lights - High intensity lights located along the approach path at the end of an instrument runway. Approach lights aid the pilot in the transition from instrument flight conditions to visual conditions at the end of an instrument approach. Arrival - The act of landing at an airport. Arrival Procedure - A series of directions from air traffic control, using fixes and procedures, to guide an aircraft from the enroute environment to an airport for landing. Arrival Stream - A flow of aircraft following similar arrival procedures. -
Supporting the Future Air Traffic Control Projection Process
t Supporting the Future Air Traffic Control Projection Process Hayley J. Davison & R John Hansman, Jr. International Centerfor Air Transportation Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA ABSTRACT traffic systems that are being designed for the In air traffic control, projecting what the air traffic future. situation will be over the next 30 seconds to 30 minutes is The air traffic control system is at a point of a key process in identifying conflicts that may arise so transition that could potentially change the that evasive action can be taken upon discovery of these conflicts. A series of field visits in the Boston and New controller’s projection task. As the demand for York terminal radar approach control (TRACON) more fuel-efficient and environment-fnendly facilities and in the oceanic air traffic control facilities in procedures increases, there is a need for increased New York and Reylqavlk, Iceland were conducted to flexibility currently required by the FAA and other investigate the projection process in two different ATC air traffic authorities. It is critical to determine the domains. The results from the site visits suggest that two role of the existing structure in the airspace and types of projection are currently used in ATC tasks, procedures in the controller’s projection task before depending on the type of separation minima and/or traffic it is removed or changed. restriction and information display used by the controller. As technologies improve and procedures change, care One example of a procedure increasing route should be taken by designers to support projection flexibility is the constant deceleration approach through displays, automation, and procedures. -
Instrument Rating ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards
FAA-S-ACS-8B (with Change 1) U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Instrument Rating ‒ Airplane Airman Certification Standards June 2018 Flight Standards Service Washington, DC 20591 Acknowledgments The U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Office of Safety Standards, Regulatory Support Division, Airman Testing Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 developed this Airman Certification Standards (ACS) document with the assistance of the aviation community. The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable support from the many individuals and organizations who contributed their time and expertise to assist in this endeavor. Availability This ACS is available for download from www.faa.gov. Please send comments regarding this document using the following link to the Airman Testing Branch Mailbox. Material in FAA-S-ACS-8B will be effective June 11, 2018. All previous editions of the Instrument Rating – Airplane Airman Certification Standards will be obsolete as of this date for airplane applicants. i Foreword The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has published the Instrument Rating – Airplane Airman Certification Standards (ACS) document to communicate the aeronautical knowledge, risk management, and flight proficiency standards for the instrument rating in the airplane category, single-engine land and sea; and multiengine land and sea classes. This ACS incorporates and supersedes FAA-S-ACS-8A Instrument Rating – Airplane Airman Certification Standards. The FAA views the ACS as the foundation of its transition to a more integrated and systematic approach to airman certification. The ACS is part of the Safety Management System (SMS) framework that the FAA uses to mitigate risks associated with airman certification training and testing. -
Easy Access Rules for Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA)
Easy Access Rules for Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA) EASA eRules: aviation rules for the 21st century Rules and regulations are the core of the European Union civil aviation system. The aim of the EASA eRules project is to make them accessible in an efficient and reliable way to stakeholders. EASA eRules will be a comprehensive, single system for the drafting, sharing and storing of rules. It will be the single source for all aviation safety rules applicable to European airspace users. It will offer easy (online) access to all rules and regulations as well as new and innovative applications such as rulemaking process automation, stakeholder consultation, cross-referencing, and comparison with ICAO and third countries’ standards. To achieve these ambitious objectives, the EASA eRules project is structured in ten modules to cover all aviation rules and innovative functionalities. The EASA eRules system is developed and implemented in close cooperation with Member States and aviation industry to ensure that all its capabilities are relevant and effective. Published December 20201 1 The published date represents the date when the consolidated version of the document was generated. Powered by EASA eRules Page 2 of 213| Dec 2020 Easy Access Rules for Standardised European Rules Disclaimer of the Air (SERA) DISCLAIMER This version is issued by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in order to provide its stakeholders with an updated and easy-to-read publication. It has been prepared by putting together the officially published regulations with the related acceptable means of compliance and guidance material (including the amendments) adopted so far. -
Advisory Circular (AC) 91-63D
U.S. Department Advisory of Transportation Federal Aviation Circular Administration Subject: TEMPORARY FLIGHT Date: 12/09/2015 AC No: 91-63D RESTRICTIONS (TFR) and Initiated by: AJV-1 Flight Limitations ___________________________ 1. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR? This advisory circular (AC): (1) explains and defines the different flight limitations and Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs); (2) describes conditions under which the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) may establish a flight limitation or TFR area; (3) explains which FAA offices are authorized to issue flight limitations or TFRs; (4) lists the agencies/offices from which the FAA will accept requests to establish a flight limitation or TFR area; and (5) provides an appendix for each type of flight limitation or restriction. 2. EFFECTIVE DATE. This advisory circular is effective on November 9, 2015. 3. CANCELLATION. AC 91-63C, Temporary Flight Restrictions, dated May 20, 2004, is canceled. 4. AUTHORITY. a. The FAA has authority to formulate policy regarding the navigable airspace (Title 49 United States Code, Section 40103). b. Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts 91 and 99 contain regulations for addressing temporary flight restrictions. c. Section 352 of Public Law 108-7 and As Amended By Section 521 of Public Law 108-199 5. EXPLANATION OF CHANGES. This AC has been revised to: update FAA office titles; remove outdated information; include an appendix for section 91.139; change the title to include flight limitations; and include other minor editorial changes. 6. RELATED READING MATERIAL. Users of this AC should refer to the following: 12/09/2015 AC No: 91-63D a. -
Aviation Acronyms
Aviation Acronyms 5010 AIRPORT MASTER RECORD (FAA FORM 5010-1) 7460-1 NOTICE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION 7480-1 NOTICE OF LANDING AREA PROPOSAL 99'S NINETY-NINES (WOMEN PILOTS' ASSOCIATION) A/C AIRCRAFT A/DACG ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE AIRFIELD CONTROL GROUP A/FD AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY A/G AIR - TO - GROUND A/G AIR/GROUND AAA AUTOMATED AIRLIFT ANALYSIS AAAE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF AIRPORT EXECUTIVES AAC MIKE MONRONEY AERONAUTICAL CENTER AAI ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL AAIA AIRPORT AND AIRWAY IMPROVEMENT ACT AALPS AUTOMATED AIR LOAD PLANNING SYSTEM AANI AIR AMBULANCE NETWORK AAPA ASSOCIATION OF ASIA-PACIFIC AIRLINES AAR AIRPORT ACCEPTANCE RATE AAS ADVANCED AUTOMATION SYSTEM AASHTO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY & TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS AC AIRCRAFT COMMANDER AC AIRFRAME CHANGE AC AIRCRAFT AC AIR CONTROLLER AC ADVISORY CIRCULAR AC ASPHALT CONCRETE ACAA AIR CARRIER ACCESS ACT ACAA AIR CARRIER ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA ACAIS AIR CARRIER ACTIVITY INFORMATION SYSTEM ACC AREA CONTROL CENTER ACC AIRPORT CONSULTANTS COUNCIL ACC AIRCRAFT COMMANDER ACC AIR CENTER COMMANDER ACCC AREA CONTROL COMPUTER COMPLEX ACDA APPROACH CONTROL DESCENT AREA ACDO AIR CARRIER DISTRICT OFFICE ACE AVIATION CAREER EDUCATION ACE CENTRAL REGION OF FAA ACF AREA CONTROL FACILITY ACFT AIRCRAFT ACI-NA AIRPORTS COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL - NORTH AMERICA ACID AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION ACIP AIRPORT CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLANNING ACLS AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING SYSTEM ACLT ACTUAL CALCULATED LANDING TIME Page 2 ACMI AIRCRAFT, CREW, MAINTENANCE AND INSURANCE (cargo) ACOE U.S. ARMY -
Wake Turbulence Mitigation for Arrivals (Wtma)
26TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES WAKE TURBULENCE MITIGATION FOR ARRIVALS (WTMA) Daniel Williams, Gary Lohr NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA Keywords: Wake, Vortex, Turbulence, CSPR, Arrivals Abstract Approach Procedures (IAPs). While instrument approaches are often used in visual conditions, The preliminary Wake Turbulence Mitigation an airport’s acceptance rate is degraded when for Arrivals (WTMA) concept of operations is the weather forces instrument-only conditions described in this paper. The WTMA concept for aircraft navigation and traffic separation, and provides further detail to work initiated by the ATC must control aircraft according to radar Wake Vortex Avoidance System Concept and wake separation standards. Evaluation Team and is an evolution of the This paper includes a background of the Wake Turbulence Mitigation for Departure current or state-of-the-art of operational concept. Anticipated benefits about reducing procedures including applicable research, and wake turbulence separation standards in cross- then provides a description of the WTMA wind conditions, and candidate WTMA system concept and system architecture considerations considerations are discussed. to improve those procedures for NextGen traffic projections. Finally future research efforts and 1 Introduction/Background recommendations are described. The authors are passionate about supporting operators with The current air traffic system is not prepared for appropriate technology and procedures, so this the two- to three-fold increase in traffic paper includes that perspective. projected for the 2025 time-frame [1]. Current system limitations, procedures, and the absence of automation-based tools define a highly 1.1 CSPR Description constrained environment. To cope with future Closely Spaced Parallel Runways (CSPRs) are traffic demands, fundamental changes are defined as runways whose centerlines are required to effectively manage traffic and separated by less than 2500’ [3]. -
Las Vegas, USA, March 14-18, 2016
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS’ ASSOCIATIONS 55TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE – Las Vegas, USA, March 14-18, 2016 Agenda Item: C.6.11 IFATCA 16 WP No. 310 Separation in Class E Airspace Presented by PLC Summary Class E Airspace is the lowest class of controlled airspace. Controlled doesn't mean visual flight rules (VFR) traffic has to be in radio contact with air traffic control (ATC), but that ATC services are available within the capabilities of radar and radio equipment. Instrument flight rules (IFR) traffic is required to contact ATC for a clearance. This is general-purpose airspace and aircraft flying under VFR can fly more-or-less wherever they want (weather permitting) and IFR traffic operates under positive control by ATC. There are regulations in this airspace but they aren't onerous, and they're designed to accommodate the variety of aircraft and activities that can be found here. Although Class E airspace is a single class of airspace, there are tighter regulations above 10,000 feet, where there are no airspeed restrictions (other than the prohibition on supersonic flight over land) compared to lower altitudes where airspeeds are limited to 250 knots. 1. Introduction 1.1. This paper was requested by Germany at the 2015 Conference in Sofia. The purpose of this paper is to look at Class E Airspace: who is responsible for separation and what would the legal implications be in the event of an incident or accident that occurred in Class E Airspace. 1.2. Airspace is an area of aeronautical knowledge that is commonly poorly demonstrated in practical tests. -
OFFICIAL AUSTRALIAN BASEBALL RULES 6Th EDITION
AUSTRALIAN BASEBALL OFFICIAL BASEBALL RULES AUSTRALIAN BASEBALL OFFICIAL AUSTRALIAN BASEBALL RULES 6th EDITION Copyright © Australian Baseball Federation All content contained within the Official Australian Baseball Rules is copyrighted to the Australian Baseball Federation and outlines the rules under which the sport of baseball is played and officiated in Australia. At no time should any information contained within the Official Australian Baseball Rules be replicated and/or amended without written permission from the Australian Baseball Federation; nor should any information contained within the Official Australian Baseball Rules be utilised by any third party for commercial gain. To purchase a printed hard cover copy of the Rule Book please contact the Australian Baseball Federation ( www.baseball.com.au ) or 07 5510 6800. AUSTRALIAN BASEBALL OFFICIAL BASEBALL RULES Table of Contents 1.00 Objectives of the Game 1.01 The Game .......................................................... 1 1.02 The Objective .......................................................... 1 1.03 The Winner .......................................................... 1 1.04 The Playing Field .......................................................... 1 1.05 Home Plate .......................................................... 2 1.06 The Bases .......................................................... 2 1.07 The Pitcher’s Plate .......................................................... 2 1.08 The Home Club ......................................................... -
Chapter: 2. En Route Operations
Chapter 2 En Route Operations Introduction The en route phase of flight is defined as that segment of flight from the termination point of a departure procedure to the origination point of an arrival procedure. The procedures employed in the en route phase of flight are governed by a set of specific flight standards established by 14 CFR [Figure 2-1], FAA Order 8260.3, and related publications. These standards establish courses to be flown, obstacle clearance criteria, minimum altitudes, navigation performance, and communications requirements. 2-1 fly along the centerline when on a Federal airway or, on routes other than Federal airways, along the direct course between NAVAIDs or fixes defining the route. The regulation allows maneuvering to pass well clear of other air traffic or, if in visual meteorogical conditions (VMC), to clear the flightpath both before and during climb or descent. Airways Airway routing occurs along pre-defined pathways called airways. [Figure 2-2] Airways can be thought of as three- dimensional highways for aircraft. In most land areas of the world, aircraft are required to fly airways between the departure and destination airports. The rules governing airway routing, Standard Instrument Departures (SID) and Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR), are published flight procedures that cover altitude, airspeed, and requirements for entering and leaving the airway. Most airways are eight nautical miles (14 kilometers) wide, and the airway Figure 2-1. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14 Aeronautics and Space. flight levels keep aircraft separated by at least 500 vertical En Route Navigation feet from aircraft on the flight level above and below when operating under VFR. -
The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 14440 The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field James Archsmith Anthony Heyes Matthew Neidell Bhaven Sampat JUNE 2021 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 14440 The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field James Archsmith Matthew Neidell University of Maryland Columbia University, NBER and IZA Anthony Heyes Bhaven Sampat University of Ottawa and University of Columbia University and NBER Exeter JUNE 2021 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ISSN: 2365-9793 IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 14440 JUNE 2021 ABSTRACT The Dynamics of Inattention in the (Baseball) Field1 Recent theoretical and empirical work characterizes attention as a limited resource that decision-makers strategically allocate.