DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview of GX Launch Services by GALEX Koji Sato∗, Yoshirou Kondou

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview of GX Launch Services by GALEX Koji Sato∗, Yoshirou Kondou Acta Astronautica 59 (2006) 381–391 www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro Overview of GX launch services by GALEX Koji Sato∗, Yoshirou Kondou Galaxy Express Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Available online 19 May 2006 Abstract Galaxy Express Corporation (GALEX) is a launch service company in Japan to develop a medium size rocket, GX rocket and to provide commercial launch services for medium/small low Earth orbit (LEO) and Sun synchronous orbit (SSO) payloads with a future potential for small geo-stationary transfer orbit (GTO). It is GALEX’s view that small/medium LEO/SSO payloads compose of medium scaled but stable launch market due to the nature of the missions. GX rocket is a two-stage rocket of well flight proven liquid oxygen (LOX)/kerosene booster and LOX/liquid natural gas (LNG) upper stage. This LOX/LNG propulsion under development by Japan’s Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), is robust with comparable performance as other propulsions and have future potential for wider application such as exploration programs. GX rocket is being developed through a joint work between the industries and GX rocket is applying a business oriented approach in order to realize competitive launch services for which well flight proven hardware and necessary new technology are to be introduced as much as possible. It is GALEX’s goal to offer “Easy Access to Space”, a highly reliable and user-friendly launch services with a competitive price. GX commercial launch will start in Japanese fiscal year (JFY) 2007–2008. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Background of GX rocket (R&D) budget was filed to the Ministry of Finance (MOF) to start the R&D as “Advance Technology The origin of GX rocket can be traced back to Demonstration Rocket Program” from JFY1998. At JFY1995 when former National Space Development that time, Japanese industries team headed by IHI de- Agency of Japan (NASDA) started a concept study of cided to commercialize this vehicle after the develop- J-I improved, a small/medium launch vehicle which ment by NASDA is completed. However, this step-up could meet the need of commercial launch services in to R&D phase was suspended because of a H-II launch 21st century as an alternative of so called J-I rocket failure that happened in November 1997. NASDA had which development program was criticized as tax wast- to concentrate on the failure investigation and until the ing program by the government auditing organization. countermeasure/improvement plan was established and This alternative research study program steadily con- there was no room to start any new vehicle program tinued for several years step by step and reached to the under a such critical situation. Thus this program con- point in JFY1997 to finalize the configuration which tinued to remain in the research phase in the following Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) years. In JYF2000, Ministry of Economics, Trade and proposed, and necessary research and development Industries (METI) decided to support this program from view point of space industrialization from JFY2001. ∗ Corresponding author. At this stage, it was agreed that the responsibility of E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K. Sato), total development of this rocket was transferred to the [email protected] (Y. Kondou). industries and METI and MEXT are to support the 0094-5765/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.029 382 K. Sato, Y. Kondou / Acta Astronautica 59 (2006) 381–391 development for their work share. Galaxy Express Cor- • to sell GX rocket hardware, poration (GALEX) was established in March 2001 to • to construct and operate launch site facilities and carry out the development of GX rocket and the actual other related facilities, development started from JFY2002. • to provide other engineering services related to launch vehicles. 2. Outline of GALEX IHI and IA that is a 100% subsidiary of IHI, occupy almost half of the total share and play major role in GX GALEX was established on 27 March 2001 by business. several Japanese industries to carry out the GX devel- opment and to provide GX launch services after its development is completed. 3. GALEX organization Originally GALEX’s shareholders are six Japanese space related companies but later one more Japanese GALEX is a services company to interface with company NT Space and a U.S. aerospace company, launch service customers and it is very important to be Lockheed Martin (LM) Corporation joined GALEX as responsive to customers’ requests. shareholders. So, GALEX has a simple and less layer organization The outline of GALEX is as follows as of first July in order to realize quick decision and smooth business 2005: operation for customers. There are two major groups in the organization: one (1) Established date: 27 March 2005. is for engineering/quality control function and another (2) Paid-in capital: 472 million yen (appx. US$4.2 mil- is for other administrative function including marketing. lion). Fig. 1 shows GALEX’s present organization. As GX (3) Stock shareholders (9 companies): program is in development phase, engineering group consists of engineers for the development. • Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. However, GALEX is gradually changing the organi- (IHI): Aerospace manufacturer. zation by putting more weight towards mission integra- • IHI Aerospace Co., Ltd. (IA): Aerospace manufac- tion and launch operation so that we can be ready to turer. provide launch services as soon as its development is • Mitsubishi Corporation (MC): Trading company. over. • Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. (KHI): Aerospace manufacturer. 4. GX rocket • Japan Aviations Electronics Co. (JAE): Aerospace electronics company. 4.1. Specification • Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. (FHI): Aerospace manu- facturer. GX rocket is a two-stage vehicle of well flight proven • Kokusai AeroMarine Co., Ltd. (KAM): Customs bro- liquid oxygen (LOX)/kerosene booster and LOX/liquid ker/forwarder. natural gas (LNG) upper stage. • NEC Toshiba Space Systems Company (NTSSS): GX rocket is to provide commercial launch services Satellite manufacturer. for medium/small low Earth orbit (LEO) and Sun syn- • Lockheed Martin Overseas Corporation (LMOC): chronous orbit (SSO) payloads through the world (with U.S. Aerospace manufacturer. a potential for launching small geo-stationary trans- fer orbit (GTO) ones as future business expansion). (4) The number of employees: 44. Table 1 shows its major specification. (5) Offices Fig. 2 shows two configurations for GX rocket, de- • Headquarters: at 1-18-16 Hamamatsucho Minatoku, pending upon the fairing diameter. Tokyo 105-0013, Japan. GX first stage is basically application of Alas-III • Three branch offices in Japan. booster equipped with powerful and reliable Russian engine RD-180. (6) The articles of corporation: LM’s Atlas rocket family has been accumulating • to provide commercial launch services with GX continuous success of more than 77 launches up to rocket, date which is the unmatched record in the world for Download English Version: https://daneshyari.com/en/article/1717405 Download Persian Version: https://daneshyari.com/article/1717405 Daneshyari.com.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Human Issues Related to Spacecraft Vibration During Ascent
    Human Issues related to Spacecraft Vibration during Ascent Consultant Report to the Constellation Program Standing Review Board Jonathan B. Clark M.D., M.P.H. Suite NA 425 One Baylor Plaza Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030-3498 1731 Sunset Blvd Houston TX 77005 713 859 1381 281 989 8721 [email protected] [email protected] Opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the views of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Human Issues related to Spacecraft Vibration during Ascent Consultant Report to the Constellation Program Standing Review Board Jonathan B. Clark M.D., M.P.H. Opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the views of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Pogo in Liquid Fueled Rocket Motors The pogo phenomenon, or fuel pump inlet pressure fluctuation/ cavitation due to tuning feed line resonant frequencies was a major concern in the early space program. Pump tests showed that as inlet pressures were reduced toward cavitation, the pump started acting as an amplifier, causing large oscillations in the thrust chamber pressure. As the rocket engine thrust develops, liquid propellant is cyclically forced into the turbopump. This fluctuating fluid pressure is converted into an unintended and variable increase in engine thrust, with the net effect being longitudinal axis vibration that could result in spacecraft structural failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas As a Human Rated LV
    AtlasAtlas As As A A Human Human RatedRated LV LV STAIF Conference 2006 Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company Atlas for Human Spaceflight 15 Feb 2006 1 © 2006 Lockheed Martin Corporation. All Rights Reserved Reliable and Versatile Launch Vehicle Family Atlas I Atlas II Atlas IIA Atlas IIAS Atlas IIIA Atlas IIIB Atlas V-400 Atlas V-500 AC-69 AC-102 AC-105 AC-108 AC-201 AC-204 AV-001 AV-003 Jul 1990 Dec 1991 Jun 1992 Dec 1993 May 2000 Feb 2002 Aug 2002 Jul 2003 8/11 10/10 23/23 30/30 2/2 4/4 4/4 3/3 Legend: First Flight X/Y X successes in Y flights •8 of 8 First Flight Successes •78 Consecutive Successful Atlas Centaur Flights •100% Mission Success Atlas II, IIA, IIAS, III & V Families •487 Total Launch Successes Since Atlas Program Inception Mission Success—One Launch at a Time Atlas for Human Spaceflight 15 Feb 2006 2 AV-010 Launch • January 19, 2006 • NASA Pluto New Horizons Spacecraft • First 551 configuration • First Block 2 Fault Tolerant Avionics • First Block B SRB • Nuclear certified • Nominal flight profile • Injection conditions well within 1 sigma – C3, RLA, DLA Fastest Spacecraft Ever Launched Atlas for Human Spaceflight 15 Feb 2006 3 Atlas Evolution History Atlas I/II Family Atlas III Family Atlas V Family 5-m PLF ) 30 GSO Kit T m ( y 26 t i l Avionics i Single Common Upgrade b Engine a 22 Centaur Centaur p a C 3.8-m . Common c 18 r LO2 Core i Tank Booster C Stretch ) 14 m n 0 2 10 Liquid 2 SRBs ( Strap-ons m RD-180 SRBs k 6 Engine 7 0 Atlas I Atlas IIAS Atlas IIIA Atlas IIIB Atlas V Atlas V Atlas V 4 2 Atlas II (SEC) (DEC)
    [Show full text]
  • GEMINI 9 N66 28552 R (To Be Launched No Earl& E Than May 17) S CONTENTS S
    . NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION wr) 7-41 r,? 1 WASHINGTON, D C 20546 TELS wcl f-f,w-, FOR RELEASE: TDESDAY A.M. P RELEXSE NO: 66-97 PROJECT: GEMINI 9 N66 28552 R (To be launched no earl& E than May 17) S CONTENTS S K I T . -2- -End- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMlNmRATlON WO 2-41 55 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 TELs.wo 3-6925 COR RELEA- TUESDAY A.M. my 10, 1966 FEJXASE NO: 66-97 GHviINI 9 LAUNCHES SET MAY 17 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration will launch the Gemini 9 spacecraft and its Age- Target Vehicle no earlier than May 17 from Cape Kennedy, Fla. Objectives of the mission are rendezvous and docking of the Gemini with the Agena and extravehicular activity by the pilot, Launch of the Agena is scheduled for 10 a.m. (EST) with the Gemini to lift of'f at 11:39:09 a.m. (EST). Command pilot for the three-day'Gemini flight is Astro- naut Thomas P. Stafford, Pilot is Eugene A. Cernan, Backup crew is James A. Lovell, Jr,, command pilot, and =win E. Aldrin, pilot . Stafford was pilot on the Gemini 6 mission which accomp- lished the first space rendezvous. Gemini 9 will be Cernan's first space flight. Lovell was pilot on the 14-day Gemini 7 mission which served as the rendezvous target for Gemini 6, Aldrin has not yet made a space flight. -more- 5/4/66 -2 - Stafford is an Air Force lieutenant colonel, Cernan a Navy lieutenant commander, kvell a Navy captain and Aldrin a major in the Air Force.
    [Show full text]
  • United Launch Alliance Overview
    UnitedUnited LaunchLaunch AllianceAlliance OverviewOverview DanDan CollinsCollins MayMay 18,18, 20072007 File no. Copyright © 2006 ULA. All rights reserved. ULA Joint Venture Team Two World Class Launch Systems Operated by a Single Provider to the U.S. Government – Lockheed Martin’s Atlas Program – The Boeing Company’s Delta Program – Commercial Sales Through LMCLS or BLS – Does Not Include: Reusable or Shuttle Derived A Century of Combined Experience in Expendable Launch Systems Providing Assured Access to Space – Pooled Experience of (850) Launches – Legacy Reaching Back to the 1950s File no. | 1 Copyright © 2006 ULA. All rights reserved. ULA Vision & Mission Vision – One Team Launching the Quest for Knowledge, Peace, and Freedom Mission – ULA provides the best expendable launch systems and services to assure access to space for our customers. Together, we protect our nation, explore the universe, and enable the commerce of space. We are a values- based team and, building on our heritage, are committed to mission success, continuous improvement, and stakeholder satisfaction. File no. | 2 Copyright © 2006 ULA. All rights reserved. ULA Guiding Principles Ethical Behavior Mission Success Performance Excellence Business Excellence Employee Involvement File no. | 3 Copyright © 2006 ULA. All rights reserved. ULA Leadership Officers Atlas Programs Delta Programs Jim Sponnick Mark Wilkins Office of Internal Human Engineering Governance Resources President and Chief Chief Matthew Smith Executive Officer Operating Officer Cindy Corrigan Eric Anderson Michael Gass Dan Collins Business Production Mission Development Operations Success George Sowers Phil Marshall Wayne Brown Subcontract Corporate Secretary Chief Information Management & Deputy Chief Officer & Procurement General Counsel Financial Officer Controller Joe Potter Jim Hardin Carmine Orsini Mike Thomas* Peter Sloane Quality Assurance Transition Communications & System Safety Mike Greichen Julie Andrews Mike Jensen General Counsel * Acting Kevin MacCary 5.14.07 File no.
    [Show full text]
  • Masa Hashimoto
    Public-Private Partnerships in Space Projects: An Analysis of Stakeholder Dynamics by Masafumi Hashimoto Master of Science in Physics Osaka University, 2002 Bachelor of Science in Physics Osaka University, 1999 Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Technology and Policy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2009 2009 Masafumi Hashimoto. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now know or hereafter created. Signature of Author ………………………………………………………………………… Technology and Policy Program, Engineering Systems Division May 8, 2009 Certified by ………………………………………………………………………………… Annalisa L. Weigel Jerome C. Hunsacker Assistant Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ……………………………………………………………………………….. Dava J. Newman Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Director, Technology and Policy Program Public-Private Partnerships in Space Projects: An Analysis of Stakeholder Dynamics by Masafumi Hashimoto Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division on May 8, 2009 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Technology and Policy Abstract In Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), private partners assume more responsibility for public projects than in traditional approaches. The larger responsibility of the private partner is expected to improve efficiencies of the project. However, it also increases potential challenges such as conflicts of interest. If the dynamic structures which cause challenges in PPPs are identified, they will help to predict potential challenges in future PPP projects. Therefore, this research develops a dynamics model of which challenges arise in the application of PPP approaches to space projects.
    [Show full text]
  • THOR 7 – Telenor's Pure Growth Satellite
    THOR 7 - The Complete Picture THOR 7 was launched on 26 April 2015 from the Guiana Space Centre. Image source: Telenor Satellite THOR 7 – Telenor’s pure growth satellite The THOR 7 satellite, constructed by Space Systems LORAL (SSL), was successfully launched by Telenor Satellite on 26 April 2015 from the Guiana Space Centre. Telenor Satellite’s first HTS is positioned to cover the North Sea, North Atlantic/Norwegian Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Mediterranean. The Ka-band HTS was designed for the mobile VSAT market, with 6-9Gbps of throughput and 25 spot beams. In addition to its tradition of serving the broadcast industry, Telenor has decided to target the maritime sector with THOR 7. Amy Saunders visited Telenor Satellite in Norway in February 2016 to find out more about the progress made since the launch of THOR 7, to tour Telenor’s satellite control centre and the Nittedal Teleport and to discover the company’s near-future plans. Telenor’s THOR 7 satellite was launched last year in the Morten Tengs, Telenor’s CEO, explained that although 1° West position, mainly to serve the broadcast industry. It is Telenor continues to strive ahead with new satellite capacity, a pure growth satellite with an expected lifetime of around “Assets aren’t everything. It’s everything that we build around 20 years, depending on fuel consumption. The new HTS it, like the competence and the skills. As we are still a relatively satellite cost around US$190 million in equity funding and is small player, we can respond quickly and adapt to customer insured by AON.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Spacecraft Technology State of the Art
    NASA/TP–2015–216648/REV1 Small Spacecraft Technology State of the Art Mission Design Division Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California December 2015 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. to the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA scientific and technical technical conferences, symposia, seminars, information (STI) program plays a key part or other meetings sponsored or in helping NASA maintain this important co-sponsored by NASA. role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program operates under the technical, or historical information from auspices of the Agency Chief Information NASA programs, projects, and missions, Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for often concerned with subjects having archiving, and disseminates NASA’s STI. substantial public interest. The NASA STI Program provides access to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- and its public interface, the NASA Technical language translations of foreign scientific Report Server, thus providing one of the and technical material pertinent to largest collection of aeronautical and space NASA’s mission. science STI in the world. Results are Specialized services also include creating published in both non-NASA channels and custom thesauri, building customized by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, databases, and organizing and publishing which includes the following report types: research results. • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of For more information about the NASA STI completed research or a major significant Program, see the following: phase of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive • Access the NASA STI program home page data or theoretical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the GX Launch Vehicle, New Medium Class Launch Vehicle of Japan
    Vol. 43 No. 1 2010 Development of the GX Launch Vehicle, New Medium Class Launch Vehicle of Japan IZUMIYAMA Taku : Manager, Space Development Department, Aero-Engine & Space Operations SHISA Akira : Manager, Space Development Department, Aero-Engine & Space Operations KOBAYASHI Kenji : General Manager, Technology Division, Galaxy Express Corporation The GX launch vehicle is a medium class launch vehicle, objectives of which are to support launching demand for medium-size satellite flexibly, to be back-up for the national main space transportation system, and to establish LNG propulsion system technology. This paper describes outline of the GX program such as its configuration, program merits including establishment of the LNG propulsion system, the main characteristics and its performance, etc. The future development concept of the GX is also described. 1. Introduction Figure 2 shows the configuration of the GX launch vehicle. The GX launch vehicle adopts the first stage of Atlas V The GX launch vehicle is a Japanese medium class launch launch vehicles, which are the most-advanced launch vehicles vehicle developed for operations beginning in the middle developed in the United States and are highly evaluated of the 2010s to flexibly meet diverse future launching among all countries of the world for its high degree of demands for small-and medium-size satellites and to back reliability. The second stage of the GX launch vehicle is up the main national space transportation system. Figure 1 equipped with a LNG engine, which is developed in Japan shows the appearance of the GX launch vehicle. Its for practical application for the first time in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Control Stabilization of High Power Rocket Valeria Avila Guerrero Santa Clara University, [email protected]
    Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Mechanical Engineering Senior Theses Engineering Senior Theses 6-2018 Active Control Stabilization of High Power Rocket Valeria Avila Guerrero Santa Clara University, [email protected] Angel Barranco [email protected] Daniel Conde Santa Clara University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/mech_senior Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Guerrero, Valeria Avila; Barranco, Angel; and Conde, Daniel, "Active Control Stabilization of High Power Rocket" (2018). Mechanical Engineering Senior Theses. 81. https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/mech_senior/81 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Engineering Senior Theses at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical Engineering Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACTIVE CONTROL STABILIZATION OF HIGH POWER ROCKET By Valeria Avila, Angel Barranco, Daniel Conde SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT REPORT Submitted to The Department of Mechanical Engineering of SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering Santa Clara, CA 2018 Contents Contents iii List of Figures v List of Tables vii 1 International Traffic of Arms Regulations Disclaimer viii 2 Abstract 1 3 Introduction 2 4 Systems Level 3 5 Preliminary Rocket Design 7 5.1 Sizing of Engine Motor to Determine Body Dimensions . .7 6 Rocket Design Geometry 9 6.1 Canards............................................. 10 6.2 FinalDesign .......................................... 12 7 Modeling and Analysis 13 7.1 Static Stability . 13 7.2 Dynamic Stability . 16 7.3 Finite Element Analysis: Mode Shapes .
    [Show full text]
  • United Launch Alliance Presentation to the National Research Council
    United Launch Alliance Presentation to the National Research Council 04 February 2013 Copyright © 2013 United Launch Alliance, LLC. Unpublished Work. All Rights Reserved. United Launch Alliance Two World Class Launch Systems Operating as a Single Provider to the U.S. Government – Atlas V Product Line, Delta IV Product Line, Delta II Product Line More Than a Century of Combined Experience in Expendable Launch Systems & Providing Assured Access to Space – Pooled Experience of More Than 1,300 Launches – Legacy Reaching Back to the 1950s Responsible for Design, Development, Production, Spacecraft Integration, and Launch 401 431 551 Delta 2 Medium 4,2 Medium 5,4 Heavy Atlas Delta 13 March 2013 | 1 ULA Launch History (Through 2012) Sixty-Six Launches, 100% Mission Success 13 March 2013 | 2 TDRSS-KULA Launch History Sixty-Six Launches, 100% Mission Success 13 March 2013 | 3 13 March 2013 | 4 ULA PROPRIETARY INFORMATION. See Title Page For Details. ULA Human Spaceflight Programs Exploration Flight Test Commercial Crew Space Launch System Delta IV HLV Launch of Atlas Launch of Commercial Interim Cryogenic Upper Orion Capsule in 2014 Human Spacecraft in 2016 Stage for Heavy Lift in 2017 Broad ULA Support to the Nation’s Human Spaceflight Program 13 March 2013 | 5 Exploration Flight Test Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) of LMC Orion Capsule – Integrate and Launch on Delta IV HLV – Controlled Re-Entry of Orion Capsule ULA Effort Includes – Mission Unique Accommodations – LC-37 Infrastructure Upgrades • Modify MST Platforms at Levels 9/10 for
    [Show full text]
  • The Exploring Machines. National Aeronautics and Space Administra
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 283 723 SE 048 258 AUTHOR Nicks, Oran W. TITLE Far_Travelers: The Exploring Machines. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. Scientific and Technical Information Branch. REPORT NO NASA-SP-480 -PUB DATE 85 NOTE 265p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Viewpoints (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC-11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Technology; *Lunar Research; Navigation; Research and Development; Satellites (Aerospace); Science and Society; Science Education; Science History; Scientific Enterprise; *Scientific Research; *Scientists; .*Space Exploration; Space Sciences; *Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program of lunar and planetary exploration produced_a flood of scientific information about the moon, planets and the environment of interplanetary space. This book is an account of the people, machines, and the events of this scientific enterprise. It is a story of organizations, personalities, political and perceptions of the golden era of solar system exploration._The engineering problems and outstanding accomplishments of the missions are narrated. Both failures and successes during the development and flights_oi the spacecraf-:s are highlighted. Although this book is not priwarily a scientific report, it does include technical aspects of space flight and conveys some of the excitement
    [Show full text]
  • The Long Goodbye
    SpaceFlight A British Interplanetary Society publication Volume 61 No.11 November 2019 £5.25 The Apollo 12 long ESA launchers Probes to goodbye Europa / Titan Delta IV Space insurance medium copy bows out Subscriber 11> 634089 770038 9 copy Subscriber CONTENTS Features 14 Requiem for a rocket We welcome a new contributor, Don Hladiuk, who was present at the launch of the last Delta IV Medium+(4,2) to report on that historic event and to review the rocket's flawless record. 14 18 Clear air turbulence Letter from the Editor SpaceFlight examines the rise and rise of the expanded-capability Arianespace and the When readers were told last month that we had a secret to European commitment to a significant slice of share, I can now disclose that it the launch manifest, despite a recent failure. was one of the most exciting opportunities I have had since 22 Apollo 12 – the second coming becoming Editor of SpaceFlight. The Editor reflects on the second Moon landing History is central to conducted 50 years ago and summarises the understanding where we have enhanced capability it afforded. come from so that we can chart a 18 path to where we are going – two sides of the same coin. Because 30 A matter of risk of that, the BIS recently approved Head of Space Content for Seradata David Todd a major upgrade to Space explores the challenges facing astronauts Chronicle – traditionally the home seeking cover from the insurance market. of space history in Society's portfolio of publications. Incorporating all the scholarship 32 Flights to the Outer Moons and insightful analysis readers An exciting future awaits planetologists in the have been used to, from January search for possible organic activity on the moons 2020 the new Space Chronicle will of the gaseous outer giants.
    [Show full text]