Chapter 20 the Proteobacteria
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Q Fever in Small Ruminants and Its Public Health Importance
Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 2573-2196 Review Article Dairy and Vet Sci J Volume 9 Issue 1 - January 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Tolera Tagesu Tucho DOI: 10.19080/JDVS.2019.09.555752 Q Fever in Small Ruminants and its Public Health Importance Tolera Tagesu* School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia Submission: December 01, 2018; Published: January 11, 2019 *Corresponding author: Tolera Tagesu Tucho, School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma Oromia, Ethiopia Abstract Query fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii, it’s a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease where domestic small ruminants are the main reservoirs for human infections. Coxiella burnetii, is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, adapted to thrive within the phagolysosome of the phagocyte. Humans become infected primarily by inhaling aerosols that are contaminated with C. burnetii. Ingestion (particularly drinking raw milk) and person-to-person transmission are minor routes. Animals shed the bacterium in urine and feces, and in very high concentrations in birth by-products. The bacterium persists in the environment in a resistant spore-like form which may become airborne and transported long distances by the wind. It is considered primarily as occupational disease of workers in close contact with farm animals or processing their be commenced immediately whenever Q fever is suspected. To prevent both the introduction and spread of Q fever infection, preventive measures shouldproducts, be however,implemented it may including occur also immunization in persons without with currently direct contact. available Doxycycline vaccines drugof domestic is the first small line ruminant of treatment animals for Q and fever. -
The Capsule of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Reduces the Immune Response of Human Gingival Fibroblasts
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The capsule of Porphyromonas gingivalis reduces the immune response of human gingival fibroblasts Brunner, J.; Scheres, N.; El Idrissi, N.B.; Deng, D.M.; Laine, M.L.; van Winkelhoff, A.J.; Crielaard, W. DOI 10.1186/1471-2180-10-5 Publication date 2010 Document Version Final published version Published in BMC Microbiology License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Brunner, J., Scheres, N., El Idrissi, N. B., Deng, D. M., Laine, M. L., van Winkelhoff, A. J., & Crielaard, W. (2010). The capsule of Porphyromonas gingivalis reduces the immune response of human gingival fibroblasts. BMC Microbiology, 10, [5]. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-5 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:29 Sep 2021 Brunner et al. -
Coxiella Burnetii
SENTINEL LEVEL CLINICAL LABORATORY GUIDELINES FOR SUSPECTED AGENTS OF BIOTERRORISM AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Coxiella burnetii American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Revised March 2016 For latest revision, see web site below: https://www.asm.org/Articles/Policy/Laboratory-Response-Network-LRN-Sentinel-Level-C ASM Subject Matter Expert: David Welch, Ph.D. Medical Microbiology Consulting Dallas, TX [email protected] ASM Sentinel Laboratory Protocol Working Group APHL Advisory Committee Vickie Baselski, Ph.D. Barbara Robinson-Dunn, Ph.D. Patricia Blevins, MPH University of Tennessee at Department of Clinical San Antonio Metro Health Memphis Pathology District Laboratory Memphis, TN Beaumont Health System [email protected] [email protected] Royal Oak, MI BRobinson- Erin Bowles David Craft, Ph.D. [email protected] Wisconsin State Laboratory of Penn State Milton S. Hershey Hygiene Medical Center Michael A. Saubolle, Ph.D. [email protected] Hershey, PA Banner Health System [email protected] Phoenix, AZ Christopher Chadwick, MS [email protected] Association of Public Health Peter H. Gilligan, Ph.D. m Laboratories University of North Carolina [email protected] Hospitals/ Susan L. Shiflett Clinical Microbiology and Michigan Department of Mary DeMartino, BS, Immunology Labs Community Health MT(ASCP)SM Chapel Hill, NC Lansing, MI State Hygienic Laboratory at the [email protected] [email protected] University of Iowa [email protected] Larry Gray, Ph.D. Alice Weissfeld, Ph.D. TriHealth Laboratories and Microbiology Specialists Inc. Harvey Holmes, PhD University of Cincinnati College Houston, TX Centers for Disease Control and of Medicine [email protected] Prevention Cincinnati, OH om [email protected] [email protected] David Welch, Ph.D. -
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Are Tick-Borne Diseases Caused by Obligate Anaplasmosis: Intracellular Bacteria in the Genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Ehrlichiosis and Importance Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases caused by obligate Anaplasmosis: intracellular bacteria in the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These organisms are widespread in nature; the reservoir hosts include numerous wild animals, as well as Zoonotic Species some domesticated species. For many years, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species have been known to cause illness in pets and livestock. The consequences of exposure vary Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, from asymptomatic infections to severe, potentially fatal illness. Some organisms Canine Hemorrhagic Fever, have also been recognized as human pathogens since the 1980s and 1990s. Tropical Canine Pancytopenia, Etiology Tracker Dog Disease, Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are caused by members of the genera Ehrlichia Canine Tick Typhus, and Anaplasma, respectively. Both genera contain small, pleomorphic, Gram negative, Nairobi Bleeding Disorder, obligate intracellular organisms, and belong to the family Anaplasmataceae, order Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Rickettsiales. They are classified as α-proteobacteria. A number of Ehrlichia and Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Anaplasma species affect animals. A limited number of these organisms have also Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, been identified in people. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Recent changes in taxonomy can make the nomenclature of the Anaplasmataceae Tick-borne Fever, and their diseases somewhat confusing. At one time, ehrlichiosis was a group of Pasture Fever, diseases caused by organisms that mostly replicated in membrane-bound cytoplasmic Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, vacuoles of leukocytes, and belonged to the genus Ehrlichia, tribe Ehrlichieae and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, family Rickettsiaceae. The names of the diseases were often based on the host Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, species, together with type of leukocyte most often infected. -
Micromasters of the Earth
Micromasters of the Earth Anna WĘGRZYN – the Department of Environmental Biotechnology at the Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice Please cite as: CHEMIK 2011, 65, 11, 1182-1189 Introduction membrane constitutes about 25% of the whole bacterium mass. It is estimated that our planet was formed about 4.6 billion Peptidoglycan (murein) is a fundamental substance of the bacterial cell years ago. At the very beginning, it was just a lifeless ball of melted wall. In their cell walls, bacteria can contain different quantities of murein magma. The Earth surface was gradually getting cool until reaching which is connected with a diversified sensitivity to dyes. Depending the temperature at which water and other chemical compounds on the number of peptidoglycan layers, the applied dyes (e.g. crystal could have been created. First traces of life are being discovered in violet) are retained inside the cell wall or leached from it. This is the rocks formed about 3.85 billion years ago. Stromatolites - biogenic basis for classifying bacteria into a group of Gram-positive or Gram- rocks dated at about 3.4 billion years which formation was connected negative bacteria (originating from the name of the Danish scientist with activities of cyanobacteria – autotrophic organisms being able to Gram who was the first person to perform the complex staining with XII Conference Environmental produce oxygen in the process of photosynthesis, constitute the fossil crystal violet in 1884). The cells of Gram-negative bacteria contain trace of the prokaryotic structure1 of primitive forms. The creation of lower quantities of murein than in case of Gram-positive bacteria. -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human patients --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: ANTO-D-15-00548R1 Full Title: Kroppenstedtia pulmonis sp. nov. and Kroppenstedtia sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human patients Article Type: Original Article Keywords: Kroppenstedtia species, Kroppenstedtia pulmonis, Kroppenstedtia sanguinis, polyphasic taxonomy, 16S rRNA gene, thermoactinomycetes Corresponding Author: Melissa E Bell, MS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia UNITED STATES Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Melissa E Bell, MS First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Melissa E Bell, MS Brent A. Lasker, PhD Hans-Peter Klenk, PhD Lesley Hoyles, PhD Catherine Spröer Peter Schumann June Brown Order of Authors Secondary Information: Funding Information: Abstract: Three human clinical strains (W9323T, X0209T and X0394) isolated from lung biopsy, blood and cerebral spinal fluid, respectively, were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the three strains belonged to two novel branches within the genus Kroppenstedtia: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of W9323T showed closest sequence similarity to Kroppenstedtia eburnea JFMB-ATE T (95.3 %), Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis GD02T (94.7 %) and strain X0209T (94.6 %); sequence analysis of strain X0209T showed closest sequence similarity to K. eburnea JFMB-ATE T (96.4 %) and K. guangzhouensis GD02T (96.0 %). Strains X0209T and X0394 were 99.9 % similar to each other by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The DNA-DNA relatedness was 94.6 %, confirming that X0209T and X0394 belong to the same species. -
Aerobic Endospore Procedure
Office of Research and Development Photos Aerobic Endospore Procedure Laura A. Boczek Microbiologist US EPA – Office of Research and Development Aerobic Endospore Background Aerobic endospores are protective structures that some genera of bacteria have the ability to produce in response to a stressful environment. These genera are in general harmless to humans and are saprophytic organisms that are ubiquitous in many soil and water environments. These organisms can stay in the endospore form until conditions are favorable for them to germinate out of the endospore state to a vegetative state. This allows them to persist in their environment and resist many environmental stressors such as heat, desiccation, disinfection, and irradiation. 2 Aerobic Endospores Procedure Standard Methods 9218 A & B – outlines how to culture and measure aerobic endospores. Basic steps : 1. Obtaining a representative sample 2. Killing off any vegetative cells that could be in the sample by heat treatment 3. Using membrane filtration to concentrate endopsores in sample and then allow them to grow to enumerate Representative sample Samples should be collected using sterile wide mouth containers and care should be taken not to contaminate the samples during collection by using aseptic technique. Samples that contain a disinfectant residual such as chlorine should have sodium thiosulfate added to the sample bottle prior to collection in order to quench the chlorine. Samples should include a sufficient volume that can be processed to adequately determine treatment efficacy. • Sample waters will contain various amounts of endospores. Therefore if treatment efficacy is the reason why aerobic endospores are being measured a larger volume of sample may need to be collected and processed to determine efficacy. -
Arsinothricin, an Arsenic-Containing Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acid Analog of Glutamate, Is a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0365-y OPEN Arsinothricin, an arsenic-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid analog of glutamate, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic Venkadesh Sarkarai Nadar1,7, Jian Chen1,7, Dharmendra S. Dheeman 1,6,7, Adriana Emilce Galván1,2, 1234567890():,; Kunie Yoshinaga-Sakurai1, Palani Kandavelu3, Banumathi Sankaran4, Masato Kuramata5, Satoru Ishikawa5, Barry P. Rosen1 & Masafumi Yoshinaga1 The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics. Organoarsenicals have been used as antimicrobials since Paul Ehrlich’s salvarsan. Recently a soil bacterium was shown to produce the organoarsenical arsinothricin. We demonstrate that arsinothricin, a non-proteinogenic analog of glutamate that inhibits gluta- mine synthetase, is an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that bacteria have evolved the ability to utilize the per- vasive environmental toxic metalloid arsenic to produce a potent antimicrobial. With every new antibiotic, resistance inevitably arises. The arsN1 gene, widely distributed in bacterial arsenic resistance (ars) operons, selectively confers resistance to arsinothricin by acetylation of the α-amino group. Crystal structures of ArsN1 N-acetyltransferase, with or without arsinothricin, shed light on the mechanism of its substrate selectivity. These findings have the potential for development of a new class of organoarsenical antimicrobials and ArsN1 inhibitors. 1 Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA. 2 Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Tucumán T4001MVB, Argentina. 3 SER-CAT and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. -
Contents • May/June 2018 • Volume 9, No. 3
CONTENTS • MAY/JUNE 2018 • VOLUME 9, NO. 3 FEATURED IMAGE Featured image: Adult female deep-sea anglerfish specimens of Melanocetus johnsonii (top) and Cryptopsaras couesii (bottom), collected on DEEPEND Consortium cruises in the Gulf of Mexico. The lure, which holds luminous bacterial symbionts, is present above each individual’s head. (Photo credit: Danté Fenolio, San Antonio Zoo.) [See related article: Hendry et al., mBio 9(3): e01033-18, 2018.] © 2018 Hendry et al. CC-BY 4.0. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Multiple Selected Changes May Modulate the Molecular Interaction between e00476-18 Laverania RH5 and Primate Basigin Diego Forni, Chiara Pontremoli, Rachele Cagliani, Uberto Pozzoli, Mario Clerici, Manuela Sironi Inability to Culture Pneumocystis jirovecii e00939-18 Yueqin Liu, Gary A. Fahle, Joseph A. Kovacs AUTHOR REPLIES Reply to Forni et al., “Multiple Selected Changes May Modulate the Molecular e00917-18 Interaction between Laverania RH5 and Primate Basigin” Lindsey J. Plenderleith, Weimin Liu, Oscar A. MacLean, Yingying Li, Dorothy E. Loy, Sesh A. Sundararaman, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Gerald H. Learn, Beatrice H. Hahn, Paul M. Sharp Reply to Das and Berkhout, “How Polypurine Tract Changes in the HIV-1 RNA e00623-18 Genome Can Cause Resistance against the Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir” Isabelle Malet, Frédéric Subra, Clémence Richetta, Charlotte Charpentier, Gilles Collin, Diane Descamps, Vincent Calvez, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Olivier Delelis Reply to Liu et al., “Inability To Culture Pneumocystis jirovecii” e01030-18 Verena Schildgen, Oliver Schildgen PERSPECTIVES The Case for an Expanded Concept of Trained Immunity e00570-18 Antonio Cassone Identifying and Overcoming Threats to Reproducibility, Replicability, Robustness, e00525-18 and Generalizability in Microbiome Research Patrick D. -
Purple Bacteria and Their Relatives”
INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, July 1988, p. 321-325 Vol. 38, No. 3 0020-7713/88/03032 1-05$02.OOtO Copyright 0 1988, International Union of Microbiological Societies Proteobacteria classis nov. a Name for the Phylogenetic Taxon That Includes the “Purple Bacteria and Their Relatives” E. STACKEBRANDT,l R. G. E. MURRAY,2* AND H. G. TRUPER3 Lehrstuhl fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Biologiezentrum, Christian-Albrechts Universitat, 2300 Kid, Federal Republic of Germany’; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C12; and Institut fur Mikrobiulogie, Universitat Bonn, 5300 Bonn I, Federal Republic of Germany3 Proteobacteria classis nov. is suggested as the name for a new higher taxon to circumscribe the a, p, y, and 6 groups that are included among the phylogenetic relatives of the purple photosynthetic bacteria and as a suitable collective name for reference to that group. The group names (alpha, etc.) remain as vernacular terms at the level of subclass pending further studies and nomenclatural proposals. Phylogenetic interpretations derived from the study of the interim while the phylogenetic data are being integrated ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences and oligonu- into formal bacterial taxonomy. It does not appear to be cleotide catalogs provide an important factual base for inappropriate or confusing to use the protean prefix because arrangements of higher taxa of bacteria (25, 26). A recent of the genus Proteus among the Proteobacteria; the reasons workshop organized by the International Committee on for use are clear enough. Systematic Bacteriology recognized that a particularly di- This new class is so far only definable in phylogenetic verse but related group of gram-negative bacteria, including terms. -
Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Francisella in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Pomerania (Poland)
pathogens Article Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Francisella in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Pomerania (Poland) Lucyna Kirczuk 1 , Mariusz Piotrowski 2 and Anna Rymaszewska 2,* 1 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c Street, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c Street, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Tick-borne pathogens are an important medical and veterinary issue worldwide. Environ- mental monitoring in relation to not only climate change but also globalization is currently essential. The present study aimed to detect tick-borne pathogens of the genera Anaplasma, Rickettsia and Francisella in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the natural environment, i.e., recreational areas and pastures used for livestock grazing. A total of 1619 specimens of I. ricinus were collected, including ticks of all life stages (adults, nymphs and larvae). The study was performed using the PCR technique. Diagnostic gene fragments msp2 for Anaplasma, gltA for Rickettsia and tul4 for Francisella were ampli- fied. No Francisella spp. DNA was detected in I. ricinus. DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in 0.54% of ticks and Rickettsia spp. in 3.69%. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that only one species of Rickettsia, R. helvetica, was present in the studied tick population. The present results are a Citation: Kirczuk, L.; Piotrowski, M.; part of a large-scale analysis aimed at monitoring the level of tick infestation in Northwest Poland. -
Non-Coding Rnas of the Q Fever Agent, Coxiella Burnetii
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2015 Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii Indu Ramesh Warrier The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Warrier, Indu Ramesh, "Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii" (2015). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4620. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4620 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NON-CODING RNAS OF THE Q FEVER AGENT, COXIELLA BURNETII By INDU RAMESH WARRIER M.Sc (Med), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, 2010 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology The University of Montana Missoula, MT August, 2015 Approved by: Sandy Ross, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Michael F. Minnick, Chair Division of Biological Sciences Stephen J. Lodmell Division of Biological Sciences Scott D. Samuels Division of Biological Sciences Scott Miller Division of Biological Sciences Keith Parker Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Warrier, Indu, PhD, Summer 2015 Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii Chairperson: Michael F. Minnick Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle, alternating between a small cell variant (SCV) and a large cell variant (LCV).