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Adventures in Bird-Banding in 1921

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Adventures in Bird-Banding in 1921 210 BALDWIN,Ad,,entures inBird-Banding in1921. [AprilAuk Mael•arlane retired from the service of the Hudson's Bay Companyin 1894, and spentpractically all the remainderof his life in Winnipeg,Manitoba. l•ur tradershave seldomengaged in any regular and definite occupationafter retirement, and Mae- l•arlane was no exceptionto the rule. He retainedhis interestin the affairsof the Dominionand the world generally,however, and read eagerlyand widely. Alwaysinterested in the naturalhistory work of others,especially in expeditionsto the scenesof his early labors,he was ready to assistin any way to further such plans. He remainedactive until a short time beforehis death, retaining in his old age, to a remarkabledegree, that keennessof mind and .vigor of body whichhad enabledhim to accomplishso much,both as a fur trader and traveler, and as a zoologicalcollector. BiologicalSurvey, U.S. DepartmentAgriculture, Washington, D.C. ADVENTURES IN BIRD-BANDING IN 1921. BY S. PRENTISS BALDWIN BIRD-BANDINGseems, at last, to be cominginto its own, since its recognitionby the U.S. BiologicalSurvey, and the widespread publicity given to this method of bird study during the last two years. During 1921, three hundredlovers of birds in all parts of the United Statesand Canadahave taken out permitsto beginthis work; and within the month an additional three hundredor more, from Canada and New England alone, have gathered in Boston to organize the New England Bird-banding Association. The purposeof this organizationis to cooperatewith the Survey in establishinglines of trapping stationsin New England, and by occasionalmeetings to compare notes and promote bird-banding. It is becausethere are so many whoare taking up the work anew that the writer will not attempt in this paperto compilescientific data bearingupon one or another phaseof bird life, but will in- stead try to suggest,and illustrate by the data, different methods that may be employedin obtaining the facts. The bird-banderwill save much time, by first reading not only the History and Purpose of Bird banding,by Mr. FrederickC. Vol.1922XXXIX] J B•.J.•>WIN,Adventures in Bird-Banding in 1921. 211 Lincoln(Auk, April 1921,Page 217) bfit by readingalso the papers therein referred to. This means not only to study the papers publishedin the last two years,but to go back to 'The Auk' of 1909 and 1910, and learn that Dr. Leon J. Cole then suggested many of the facts which are only now being proved by these methods. After sevenyears of very active bird bandingthe writer more and more appreciatesthe foundationslald for bird bandingby Dr. Cole, Mr. P. A. Taremet, and Dr. Paul Bartseh, and the years of patient work by Mr. Howard It. Gleaves. The fact is that one doesnot know what to look for, or what smallitems may be overlookedand omitted from the notes,items which may be of greatest value. The writer's early notes lack much in value through failure to record certain facts; and years of trapping of House Wrens seem almost wasted beeanseof not knowinguntil this year how to distinguishthe sex of the living birds at a few feet distance. The bird bander will soon see that two distinct purposesare aeeomplishedin his work. The oneis a nationalpurpose, primarily the study of migration of birds, in whieh.eaehbird bander eon- tributesonly his proportionatepart to a greatmass of information whieh will aeeumulatein Washington,and the result be obtained by the eo-ordination of the work of all observers. The other purposeis the gatheringof most interestinglocal and domestic details of the daily lives of the birds; matter which cannot be handledfrom Washington,but whiehmust be workedup for the seientifieworld by the bird banderhimself. No onewho takesup this work'needfeel that by filinghis data with the Biologieal Survey,he is to loseany of the valueof it for his ownpurt•oses, or for publieationover his own name. Sineethe questionis still sometimesasked, whether bird banding methodsare eruel or harmful to the birds it is best to explain that every banding station becomesin fact a bird sanctuary, where food and sheltermay be obtained,as well as safetyfrom natural enemies. After sevenyears of bird bandingby the writer on his farm near Cleveland,a prominent ornithologist,upon visitingthe farm, said that thesefew acreshad mm'ebirds per acre than any place he had ever seen. 212 BALDWIN,Adventures in Bird-Banding in 1921. AprilAuk So few have beenthe seribusaccidents to birdsin my traps, or in handlingof thousandsof birds eachyear, that I can remember every fatality that has occurredin the sevenyears experience; such accidentshave not averagedtwo in a year; less than one accidentto the thousandbirds handled. One of the joys in this work is that the ornithologistmay handlefor scientificstudy great numbersof birds in live healthy condition,in normal colors,not affectedby the changeswhich take place so quickly after death, and study normal measurements,and natural attitudes, and in- dividual characteristics,and all without destruction of life. And against my, possible,dozen accidentsmay be credited the saving of hundreds,yes, actually hundredsof lives of birds on my farm by my care of them. One form of slightinjury doesoccur with somespecies of birdsin certainforms of traps; and the bird bandermay expectit, and not be distrubedabout it. Birds remainingin the trap for a time and repeatedlypushing the head through the wires, often scratchthe baseof the bill; sometimesso severely as to givethe heada bloody appearance This injury is more apparentthan real, and when the bird is taken againin a day or two the headis quite healed. I have never known one of my birds to suffer weaknessor death komthis cause. This form of injury can be prevented by making the trap with wire netting of much smallermesh; or on the gov-' ermentsparrow trap usea band of coppermosquito mesh netting around the back of the trap: a band four incheshigh about the back of the trap will mostly prevent the birds pushingtheir heads through. In looking over the following pages in which the adventures of one bird bander in one seasonare chronicled,bear in mind that the writel' is a businessman, who can give only part of his time to this avocation;and may we hopethat from now on severalhundred bird banderswill eachbe securingduring eachseason, much more information than the writer has been able to gather. BANDING AT THOMASVILLE, GEORGIA, DURING FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 1921. PERCENTAGE OF RETURNS: It is necessaryto state the numberof birds bandedin previous seasons,as that, of course,determines the possibilitiesof returns Vol.1922XXXIXl J BA•W•-, Adventuresin Bird-Banding in 1921. 213 in this season,and in the table a wide gap will be noticed,caused by the writer's absencefrom Thomasville in the two seasons 1918 and 1919. This explainsthe fact that very few "returns" were taken this year from the years previousto 1920. Previously Banded: 1915 Resident bi•ds 27 Migrants 63 Total 90 1916 " " 44 " 169 " 213 1917 " " 24 " 215 " 239 1918 " " 0 " 0 " 0 1919 " " 0 " 0 " 0 1920 " " 51 " 232 " 283 146 679 825 Someidea of the returnsto be expectedmay be shownby the following figures: Of the 90 birds bandedin 1915,17 birds, or 19 per cent.,have been taken in subsequentyears. Of the 218 birds bandedin 1916,81 birds, or 15 per cent., have been taken in subsequentyears. Of the 289birds banded in 1917,12 birds,or 5 percent., have been taken in subsequentyears. This decreasingpercentage of birds re-taken is due to the break in the trapping during 1918 to 1919; but the high rate of returns will be seenin the taking of so many of the 1917 birds evenafter so long an absence. In 1921there weretaken 20 birds, or 7 per cent., of thosebanded in 1920;5 birdsfrom 1917,and 3 birdsfrom so long ago as 1916. In 1921 in six weeks of February and March, 1040 birds were handled,347 new birds, 28 from previous years, and 665 "repeats" meaningby that recapturesof birds already handledone or more times during the season. It is surprisinghow constantthis last number is, year after year, two-thirds of all birds caughtbeing birds that have been in the traps before. Of the 28 birds taken from previousyears 14 were residents, from the possible146 previouslybanded; 14 weremigrants, from the possible679 previouslybanded; considering the long travel, and many risks of migrant birds throughthe year, as well as the 214 BA.LDWIN,Adventures in Bir•-Banding in 1921. AprilAuk possibilityof their not returningto exactlythe samespot for the winter, we may be surprisednot that the proportionof permanent residentsretaken is greater,but that so many migrants are taken. This designationof certain speciesas residentsmust be taken only as a convenientclassification, but as no trappingis done here at other times of the year there is no proof that these individuals do actually remain here all the year. RECORDS OF SOME SUPPOSEDRESIDENT BIRDS: Amongthese "resident" recordsa few, especiallythe records of the Blue Jays, begin to give someidea of how long birds may llve, under natural conditions. No.. 1916. Blue Jay (Cyanocittacristata cristata) 1916. Banded March 28 at Station A 1920. Taken February 15 at Station A 1921. Taken March 6 at Station AA As this bird was at least one year old when banded, it is now at least sLxyears old, and each year is taken at exactly the same spot, Station AA, beingjust on the other sideof the housefrom A. No. 3177 (*). Blue Jay (Cyanocittacristata cristata) 1916. Banded in March 1921. Taken March 26 at Station C Another bird that is now at least six years old. This bird is either 31775 or 31777, the last figure is completely worn away, being on the under side of the tazsus, and this bird evidently has an unusua! habit of squattingas it feedson the ground. No. 31772 was taken in 1920 and the last figurewas then quite distinct, so this is not likely 31772.
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