Houlton Times, March 9, 1921
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Gandhi As Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-2'
Gandhi as Mahatma 289 of time to lead or influence a political movement of the peasantry. Gandhi, the person, was in this particular locality for less than a day, but the 'Mahatma' as an 'idea' was thought out and reworked in Gandhi as Mahatma: popular imagination in subsequent months. Even in the eyes of some local Congressmen this 'deification'—'unofficial canonization' as the Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, Pioneer put it—assumed dangerously distended proportions by April-May 1921. 1921-2' In following the career of the Mahatma in one limited area Over a short period, this essay seeks to place the relationship between Gandhi and the peasants in a perspective somewhat different from SHAHID AMIN the view usually taken of this grand subject. We are not concerned with analysing the attributes of his charisma but with how this 'Many miracles, were previous to this affair [the riot at Chauri registered in peasant consciousness. We are also constrained by our Chaura], sedulously circulated by the designing crowd, and firmly believed by the ignorant crowd, of the Non-co-operation world of primary documentation from looking at the image of Gandhi in this district'. Gorakhpur historically—at the ideas and beliefs about the Mahatma —M. B. Dixit, Committing Magistrate, that percolated into the region before his visit and the transformations, Chauri Chaura Trials. if any, that image underwent as a result of his visit. Most of the rumours about the Mahatma.'spratap (power/glory) were reported in the local press between February and May 1921. And as our sample I of fifty fairly elaborate 'stories' spans this rather brief period, we cannot fully indicate what happens to the 'deified' image after the Gandhi visited the district of Gorakhpur in eastern UP on 8 February rioting at Chauri Chaura in early 1922 and the subsequent withdrawal 1921, addressed a monster meeting variously estimated at between 1 of the Non-Co-operation movement. -
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan. -
Thirty-Second Annual List of Papers
1923.] LIST OF PUBLISHED PAPERS 485 THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF PUBLICATION ALEXANDER, J. W. A proof and extension of the Jordan-Brouwer separa tion theorem. Read April 29, 1916. Transactions of this Society, vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 333-349; June, 1922. Invariant points of a surface transformation of given class. Read Dec. 28, 1922. Transactions of this Society, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 173- 184; April, 1923. BARNETT, I. A. Differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 172-190; July, 1922. Linear partial differential equations with a continuous infinitude of variables. Read Dec. 28, 1918, and April 24, 1920. American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 42-53; Jan., 1923. BELL, E. T. On restricted systems of higher indeterminate equations. Read (San Francisco) June 18, 1920. Transactions of this Society, vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 483-488; Oct., 1921. Anharmonic polynomial generalizations of the numbers of Bernoulli and Euler. Read (San Francisco) April 9, 1921. Transactions of this Society, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 89-112; Sept., 1922. Periodicities in the theory of partitions. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Annals of Mathematics, (2), vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1-22; Sept., 1922. Relations between the numbers of Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, and Lucas. Read (San Francisco) April 8, 1922. Messenger of Mathe matics, vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 56-64, and No. 5, pp. 65-68; Aug. -
19Th Amendment
19th Amendment It was a continuous, “ seemingly endless, chain of activity. Young suffragists who helped forge the last links of that chain were not born when it began. Old suffragists who forged the first links were dead Tennessee’s Ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, August 18, 1920 when it ended. National Archives, General Records of the United States Government — Carrie Chapman Catt and Nettie Rogers Shuler Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, June 4, 1919 National Archives, General Records of the United States Government ” The ratification of the 19th Amendmentwas a landmark moment in American Upon the word that Tennessee had ratified, Alice Paul unfurled the Woman’s history that dramatically changed the electorate. It enshrined in the United States Party ratification banner with its thirty-six stars, August 18, 1920 Courtesy of the Library of Congress Constitution fuller citizenship for women and a more expansive democracy for the nation. “ The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” — 19th Amendment, August 18, 1920 NH UT CA ME ND SD CO MT NE MN KY RI MO AR OR IN TX IA WY MA NV OH PA NJ NY KS ID MI AZ IL WI NM OK WV Why is Tennessee’s ratification of the 19th amendment significant? WA TN After Congress passed and proposed a end of March 1920 only one additional state woman suffrage amendment, three-fourths was needed for ratification. On August 18, or 36 states at that time, had to ratify the 1920, after calling a special session of the 19th Amendment before it could be added state legislature, Tennessee became the to the Constitution. -
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Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/4377,The-Polish-Soviet-War-of-1920.html 2021-10-04, 09:59 03.08.2020 The Polish-Soviet War of 1920 Reasons The main reason for the outbreak of the Polish-Soviet war the threat to Poland’s independence by Soviet Russia, as well as the attempt to implement the idea of a permanent revolution, and the export of the communist revolution Europe-wide. The Bolsheviks began carrying out this plan immediately after seizing power in Russia in October of 1917. They undertook the first attempts in Finland already in 1918, where civil war had broken out, as well as in the Baltic nations. In 1919 an attempt was made at provoking an uprising in Berlin, in March of the same year a government coalition was formed in Hungary with the participation communists, and in June of 1919 an attempt was made at a coup in Vienna. With the aim of transferring the revolution to other European countries, in March 1919, the Bolsheviks founded Comintern – the Third International, which was formally an independent organisation, but in practise functioned according to the guidelines of the Political Office of the communist party. One of its “branches” was the Communist Polish Workers Party (later: the Communist Party of Poland), which originated even earlier – in December 1918. From the perspective of Poland’s independence, a highly significant issue in relations with the eastern neighbour, was determining the course of the eastern border. During this time Central Europe was occupied along the belt from the Baltic Sea to the Sea of Azov, by the German army, which only began retreating after entering into a ceasefire in Compiegne on 11 November 1918. -
AFD Ep 320 Links and Notes
AFD Ep 320 Links and Notes - 1920 Look-Back - March 1920 - US rejects Treaty of Versailles [Kelley] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles#American_aims - The Treaty of Versailles had been negotiated as an end to WWI. Famously Wilson brought a number of American intellectuals to the negotiations, but did not bring any Republicans (Wilson was a Democrat) who had won a majority in Congress in 1918. The result was a treaty that closely reflected many of Wilson’s own ideas, but would not be ratified by the American Congress. The most illustrious example of this failure is the League of Nations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations - The Covenant of the League of Nations was signed on June 28th, 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles. It went into effect on January 10, 1920. (Woodrow Wilson had won the Nobel Peace Prize for the idea in 1919.) - The general idea of the League of Nations was that nations could prevent war by establishing a collective security, disarming, and having an international body for dispute resolution and arbitration. The convent, in part, read: - THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, - In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security - by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, - by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations, - by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and - by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another, - Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations. -
The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich October 1919 – March 1920
The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich October 1919 – March 1920 “. Победить Деникина, уничтожить его, сделать невозможным повторение подобного нашествия – таков коренной интерес и Великорусских, и Украинских рабочих и крестьян.” “. To defeat Denikin, to annihilate him, to have made impossible for a similar invasion to recur – this is the main interest of the Great Russians, and the Ukrainian workers and peasants.” 45 Map 7 The Liquidation of Denikin and Yudenich // October 1919 – March 1920 Colored lithographic print, 99 x 64 cm. Compilers: A. N. de-Lazari and N. N. Lesevitskii Artist: N. D. Kazantsev Historical Background and Thematic Design The seventh map in the series depicts the Red Army’s defeat of the White counterrevolutionary forces of Gen- erals Denikin and Yudenich in the fall and winter of 1919-20. The map’s dominant visual image is the surge of Red Army soldiers, including soldiers with rifles and bayo- nets or cavalry with lances, who pursue White opposition forces into southern Russia and Ukraine, northern Russia, the Trans-Caspian, Crimea, Caucasus, Estonia, and Galicia, where they are illustrated as either hold- ing defensive positions, in flight, wounded, or killed. Bold red spearheads depict the movements of Red Ar- my forces, while green arrows indicate the defensive movement and retreat of White forces. Red is the dominant color and identifies the territory under control of the Red Army and the Soviet govern- ment. Green identifies territory remaining under White control, whereas gray indicates the area still being contested. Defeat of White Forces Overextended, outnumbered, and without local or international support, the White forces in southern Russia fell into a general retreat approximately 240 miles short of Moscow. -
Germany 1919-1941 U.S
U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS : GERMANY 1919-1941 U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: GERMANY, 1919-1941 Edited by Dale Reynolds Guide Compiled by Robert Lester A Microfilm Project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 Copyright© 1983 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093^26-6. Note on Sources The Documents in this Collection are from the National Archives and Record Service, Washington, D.C., Record Group #165. Mil- itary Intelligence Division Files: Germany. TABLE OF CONTENTS Red Index 1 Reel I 1 Reel II 6 Reel III 10 Reel IV 15 Reel V 18 Reel VI 22 Reel VII 25 Reel VIII 29 Reel IX 31 Reel X 33 Reel XI 33 Reel XII 34 Reel XIII 35 Reel XIV 38 Reel XV 39 Reel XVI 41 Reel XVII 43 Reel XVIII 45 Reel XIX 47 Reel XX 49 Reel XXI 52 Reel XXII 54 Reel XXIII 56 Reel XXIV 58 Reel XXV 61 Reel XXVI 63 Reel XXVII 65 Reel XXVIII 68 Subject Index 71 Dates to Remember February 3,1917 Severance of U.S. Diplomatic Relations with Germany; Declara- tion of War November 11,1918 Armistice December 1, 1918 U.S. Troops of the 3rd Army cross the Rhine and Occupy the Rhine Province July 2,1919 Departure of the U.S. 3rd Army; the U.S. Army of the Rhine Occupies Coblenz in the Rhine Province December 10, 1921 Presentation of Credentials of the U.S. Charge d'Affaires in Berlin April 22, 1922 Withdrawal of U.S. -
British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921: a Desperate Attempt by the Crown to Maintain Anglo-Irish Unity by Force
British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921: A Desperate Attempt by the Crown to Maintain Anglo-Irish Unity by Force ‘What we are trying to do is to stop the campaign of assassination and arson, initiated and carried on by Sinn Fein, with as little disturbance as possible to people who are and who wish to be law abiding.’ General Sir Nevil Macready ‘outlining the British policy in Ireland’ to American newspaper correspondent, Carl W. Ackerman, on 2 April 1921.1 In the aftermath of victory in the Great War (1914-1918) and the conclusion to the peacemaking process at Versailles in 1919, the British Empire found itself in a situation of ‘imperial overstretch’, as indicated by the ever-increasing demands for Crown forces to represent and maintain British interests in defeated Germany, the Baltic and Black Seas regions, the Middle East, India and elsewhere around the world. The strongest and most persistent demand in this regard came from Ireland – officially an integral part of the United Kingdom itself since the Act of Union came into effect from 1 January 1801 – where the forces of militant Irish nationalism were proving difficult, if not impossible to control. Initially, Britain’s response was to allow the civil authorities in Ireland, based at Dublin Castle and heavily reliant on the enforcement powers of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), to deal with this situation. In 1920, however, with a demoralised administration in Ireland perceived to be lacking resolution in the increasingly violent struggle against the nationalists, London -
INDEX NUMBERS of the COST of LIVING 725 33.—Index Numbers of the Cost of Living in Canada, Based Upon Weighted Retail Prices
INDEX NUMBERS OF THE COST OF LIVING 725 33.—Index Numbers of the Cost of Living in Canada, based upon weighted Retail Prices, 1910-1934—concluded. (Average Prices, 1913=100.) Dates. Food. Fuel. Rent. Clothing. Sundries. Total. March, 1920 218 173 120 260 185 191 June,1920 231 186 133 260 190 201 September, 1920 217 285 136 260 190 199 December, 1920. 202 218 139 235 190 192 March, 1921 180 208 139 195 188 177 June,1921 152 197 143 173 181 163 September, 1921 161 189 145 167 170 162 December, 1921. 150 186 145 158 166 156 March, 1922 144 181 145 155 164 153 June, 1922 139 179 146 155 . 164 151 September, 1922. 140 190 147 155 164 153 December, 1922. 142 187 146 155 164 153 March, 1923 147 190 147 155 164 155 June,1923 139 182 147 155 164 152 September, 1923. 142 183 147 155 164 153 December, 1923. 146 185 146 155 164 154 March, 1924 144 181 146 155 164 153 June,1924 133 176 146 155 164 149 September, 1924. 140 176 147 155 164 151 December, 1924. 144 175 146 155 164 152 The Dominion Bureau of Statistics, in addition to collecting and compiling wholesale prices, also collects the retail prices of over 80 commodities in some sixty cities in Canada. These are averaged by the Bureau with certain prices received through correspondents of the Labour Department, and are then handed over to the latter for insertion in the "Labour Gazette." The Labour Department also compiles a family budget from this material, together with data on fuel, lighting and rents collected by its own correspondents. -
TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL LIST of PAPERS. [July
472 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS. [July, TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL LIST OF PAPERS. READ BEFORE THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY AND SUBSEQUENTLY PUBLISHED, INCLUDING REFERENCES TO THE PLACES OF THEIR PUBLICATION. ALEXANDER, J. W. Note on two three-dimensional manifolds with the same group. Read Sept. 2, 1919. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 339-342; Oct., 1919. A proof of Jordan's theorem about a simple closed curve. Read April 29, 1916. Annals of Mathematics, ser. 2, vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 180-184; March, 1920. Note on Riemann spaces. Read Feb. 28,1920. Bulletin of the Amer ican Mathematical Society-, vol. 26, No. 8, pp. 370-372; May, 1920. ALGER, P. L. See VEBLEN, O. ALTSHILLER-COURT (N.). On a pencil of nodal cubics. Read Dec. 31, 1919. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 203-211; Feb., 1920. On the orthocentric quadrilateral. Read Dec. 31, 1919. American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 199-202; May, 1920. BARNETT, I. A. Integro-differential equations with constant limits of integration. Read Dec. 28, 1918. Bulletin of the American Mathe matical Society, vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 193-203; Feb., 1920. BAUER, L. A. Geophysics at the Brussels meetings, July 18-28, 1919. Read Sept. 4, 1919. Science, new ser., vol. 50, No. 1296, pp. 399-403; Oct. 31, 1919. BELL, E. T. The twelve elliptic functions related to sixteen doubly periodic functions of the second kind. Read (San Francisco) April 10, 1920. Messenger of Mathematics, new ser., vol. 49, Nos. -
Economic Review
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF RICHMOND General Business and Agricultural Conditions in the Fifth Federal Reserve District By CALDWELL HARDY, Chairman and Federal Reserve Agent RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, APRIL 29, 1922. NATIONAL SUMMARY * DISTRICT SUMMARY. Pronounced increase of activity has been char There can be no serious doubt that the eco acteristic of many basic lines of industry during nomic and industrial forces working to bring the past month. It has been particularly notice about a restoration of general business activity able in the metal working industries, while metal are getting the upper hand over the deterrent mining operations have also reflected the tend factors. In spite of the uncertainty over the ency to an upward movement. In steel and iron outcome of the tariff situation, and in spite manufacture it is now estimated that, taking the of the coal strike, the New England textile industry as a whole, about seventy per cent of strike, and high freight charges, March reports plant capacity is being utilized. The automobile show a distinctly upward trend in general busi trade has shown a very decided gain. Active ness. demand for building materials has had a fav Eighty-one regularly reporting member banks, orable effect not only upon the metals but also located in thirteen cities of the Fifth District, upon other lines of industry. The total value of have further reduced their rediscounts, and have building permits for March was almost twice as increased their demand and time deposits and great as that for February and more than twice both their reserves and cash in vaults.