Sediment Investigation Work Plan Hoy’s Marine Newport, Oregon ECSI No. 2082
Prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
December 2, 2014 15210-02/Task 3
Prepared by Hart Crowser, Inc.
Sediment Investigation Work Plan Hoy’s Marine Newport, Oregon ECSI No. 2082
Prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
December 2, 2014 15210-02/Task 3
Prepared by Hart Crowser, Inc.
Phil Cordell, RG Richard D Ernst, RG Task Order Manager Program Manager
8910 SW Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008-7123 Fax 503.620.6918 Tel 503.620.7284
Contents
INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose, Scope, and Plan Organization 1 Limitations 2
BACKGROUND 2 Site History 3 Previous Environmental Investigations and Removal Actions 3
PROPOSED SAMPLING ACTIVITIES 5 Preparatory Activities 5 Sediment Sampling 5 Sampling Locations 5 Sampling Positioning 6 Surface Sediment Grab Sampling Methods 6 Shellfish Tissue Collection 8 Sediment Thickness Measurements 9 Sample Management and Chain of Custody Procedures 9 Equipment Decontamination 9
ANALYTICAL PROGRAM 10 Chemical Analysis 10 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 11
REPORTING 12
REFERENCES 13
TABLES 1 Sediment Sampling Locations 2 Project Team and Subcontractors 3 Sample Volume and Storage Criteria 4 Analyte List and SQLs for Sediment 5 Analyte List and SQLs for Tissue Samples 6 Minimum Analytical Laboratory QA/QC for Sediment Samples
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FIGURES 1 Vicinity Map 2 Sampling Plan 3 Background Sample Locations
APPENDIX A Quality Assurance Project Plan
APPENDIX B Health and Safety Plan
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014
Sediment Investigation Work Plan Hoy’s Marine 4592 Yaquina Bay Road Newport, Oregon ECSI No. 2082
INTRODUCTION This Work Plan presents the scope of work for completing a sediment investigation (SI) at the Hoy’s Marine (Hoy’s) property (the “site”) in Newport, Oregon (Figure 1). This Work Plan was prepared for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) under Task Order 22-13-33 and will be implemented under a future task.
Purpose, Scope, and Plan Organization The purpose of the SI is to collect data to assess current conditions and provide sufficient information to complete an updated risk evaluation. Specific objectives of this project include:
Sample intertidal and subtidal areas at the site, which includes collection of sediment, porewater, and shellfish tissue samples; Delineate the extent and magnitude of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), tri-n-butyltin (TBT), and site-related metals in sediment; Collect shellfish to assess potential risk through consumption by wildlife or people; Develop a Conceptual Site Model (CSM) that describes contaminant sources, exposure pathways, and potential receptors; and Screen data for potentially complete exposure pathways to evaluate whether unacceptable risks may exist.
To accomplish these objectives, the scope of work described in this Work Plan will consist of the following general tasks:
Collect approximately 21 surface sediment samples and analyze for PCBs, TBT, total organic carbon (TOC), and/or metals; Analyze TBT concentrations in sediment porewater at 21 locations; Collect sediment depth measurements within and adjacent to the 2004 Interim Removal Action Measure dredge prism;
Inspect intertidal and subtidal areas for the presence of sandblast grit;
Collect six shellfish tissue samples for analysis for PCBs, TBT, and lipid analysis;
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Develop a CSM that describes contaminant sources, exposure pathways, and potential receptors; and Prepare an SI report discussing the analytical results, presenting the CSM, evaluating potential source(s), conducting a risk screening to evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment, and providing conclusions and recommendations for additional environmental investigation, if necessary.
These activities are discussed in this Work Plan. A Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and Health and Safety Plan (HASP) are attached as Appendices A and B, respectively.
Following this introduction, this Work Plan is organized into the following sections:
Section 2 – Background. This section describes the site, its location, historical and current activities, and previous investigations. Section 3 – Sampling Program. This section details sampling methods, collection, and handling procedures for sediment and shellfish tissue sampling activities. Section 4 – Analytical Program. This section presents the analytical requirements and procedures for testing and interpreting chemical analytical results of the sediment and tissue samples, including Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures to ensure sample integrity and data quality. Section 5 – Reporting. This section describes reports that will be generated following completion of characterization activities. Section 6 – References.
Supporting information is also provided in the tables, figures, and appendices at the end of the Work Plan text.
Limitations This Work Plan has been prepared for the DEQ. Work for this project will be performed in accordance with generally accepted professional practices relating to the nature of work completed at the same or similar localities. It is intended for the exclusive use of the DEQ for specific application to the site. No other warranty, express or implied, is made.
BACKGROUND The Hoy’s Marine site is located on the east bank of the Yaquina River directly north of Weiser Point (Figure 1). The city of Newport, which is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, is located approximately 3 miles northwest of the site. The site comprises two adjacent tax lots, totaling approximately 0.75 acre. The site features include a large renovated building housing the main shop and office, a work dock, a former paint storage shed, a former spent sandblast grit storage shed, and an inoperable marine railway and dry dock (carriage). A graveled lot south of the main shop historically was used for parking and miscellaneous storage; currently, crab pots are stored in the northern portion of the lot and the
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Hoy’s Marine | 3 southern area is vacant. The site is generally flat but slopes steeply near the riverbank. The surrounding area consists of scattered homes, campgrounds, marinas, an oyster farm (upriver), and ship repair businesses.
Site History Bayside Machine Works and Fair Line Marine operated a shipyard at the site from 1974 to 1999. Activities associated with the shipyard included shipbuilding, welding, sandblasting, painting, and maintenance. Wastes generated during these operations included paint chips and residue containing heavy metals and TBT, waste paint, and paint thinner. Used oil from various equipment, including cranes and forklifts, was also generated at the site.
Site features include a work dock and adjacent shop and office buildings to the south, a moorage dock to the north, in-water railway and associated dry dock, and former paint and sandblast grit storage sheds. As discussed below, the grit storage sheds previously located at the site were removed during DEQ’s upland removal action in 1999, and the railway and dry dock were removed during a 2004 sediment removal Interim Remedial Action Measure (IRAM). Docks at the site are currently used for moorage.
Previous Environmental Investigations and Removal Actions A number of previous investigations were conducted at the Hoy’s Marine Site by various environmental consultants, EPA, and the DEQ. A brief summary of previous investigatory and removal work is presented below. More detailed information is available in a 2014 DEQ Memorandum (DEQ 2014).
Between 1989 and 1997, site investigations were conducted by SRH Associates, Inc., (SRH 1989), GEM Consultants (GEM 1995), and Maul Foster and Alongi (Maul Foster and Alongi 1997). These investigations involved the collection and analysis of soil, spent sandblast grit, and waste/metal shavings for various constituents of concern. Laboratory results indicated elevated levels of diesel- range petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy oil as well as various metals in site soil.
Between 1997 and 1999, site inspections, assessments, and characterization studies were performed by EPA and DEQ (E&E 1999). The site assessments conducted by DEQ and EPA determined that the upland soil and subtidal sediment contained elevated concentrations of metals, TBT, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The contaminated upland soil was removed under a time-critical removal action by the DEQ in December 1999.
In September 2000, IT Corporation further characterized soil and sediment conditions at the site to delineate the extent of contamination (IT 2000). Analytical results for a soil sample collected in the upland removal action area confirmed that contamination had been significantly reduced. Analytical results for intertidal and subtidal sediment showed that metals (primarily copper, nickel, and zinc) exceeded Lower Columbia River Management Area (LCRMA) screening levels. Based on this information, a proposed dredge prism and remedial action alternative analysis was developed for site
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 4 | Hoy’s Marine sediment. The IT Corporation proposed a dredge prism that accounted for approximately 2,100 cubic yards of material encompassing the work dock and marine railway.
In May 2002, Hart Crowser performed sediment sampling activities to characterize the quality of the proposed dredge material for placement at an upland disposal area and to evaluate the potential water quality impacts associated with dredging operations (Hart Crowser 2002). A total of 14 locations (HM-SS-01 through HM-SS-14) were sampled near the site as shown on Figure 2.
For total metals, sediment chemical results were tabulated and compared to Dredge Material Evaluation Framework for the LCRMA screening levels (SLs). There were no metals that exceeded LCRMA Maximum Levels (MLs). Porewater TBT was detected in one sample location (HM-SS-11) exceeding the LCRMA SL. Bulk TBT was detected in three of the four locations submitted for chemical analysis. Analytical results for total metals and TCLP concentrations were compared to 2002 Oregon Leachate Reference Concentrations used by the DEQ Solid Waste Program to evaluate materials for clean fill, and were below available Total Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLC) and Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations (STLC), respectively. The dredged material was deemed suitable for placement at an upland site located on Port of Newport property.
In January and February 2004, Hart Crowser completed a Sediment Removal IRAM at the site (Hart Crowser 2004). The objective of the IRAM was to reduce and/or eliminate threats posed to the marine and estuarine organisms from sediment contaminated with metals and TBT through mechanical dredging and placement at an upland site.
Sandstone bedrock was encountered at a shallower depth than anticipated, resulting in a lower-than- anticipated sediment removal volume of 1,900 cubic yards (the design dredge volume was between 4,300 and 5,600 cubic yards). Sediment was removed to the practical extent using mechanical dredging in the targeted area. On average, about 6 inches of sediment remained in the targeted dredge area, corresponding to a volume of about 700 cubic yards. Upon completion of dredging activities, the sediment was transported via barge to the Port of Newport facility for upland placement.
Metal and TBT concentrations in the composite and discrete confirmation samples were above remedial action objective SLs. PAHs were detected in the only two analyzed (HC-A2-05 and HC-A3-05), and PCBs were detected in HC-A3-05 (Figure 2). Because detected concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were below LCRMA criteria, they were not deemed a concern at the time.
Following the remedial action, it was concluded that although residual sediment contamination persisted above remedial action objectives, the contamination was removed to the extent practical with mechanical dredging methods, and residual contamination in the thin layer of sediment above bedrock did not provide significant benthic habitat. A remedial investigation was recommended to fully characterize impacted sediment not removed during the remedial action and adjacent areas.
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PROPOSED SAMPLING ACTIVITIES Investigation activities will be performed to assess the current extent of PCBs, TBT, and metals in site sediment, the presence and magnitude of these contaminants in shellfish, and the potential risks posed by detected contaminants to human health and the environment. Visual surveys of the intertidal and subtidal areas will also be completed to determine sediment thickness and the presence of sandblast grit.
Sampling activities will be conducted in accordance with the following sections. Sample locations are shown on Figure 2 and Figure 3 and analysis information is presented in Table 1.
Preparatory Activities Site Health and Safety Plan. We prepared a site-specific HASP for the proposed SI activities. The HASP is included in Appendix B and was prepared in general accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs). Hart Crowser personnel will have a copy of the HASP for their use during the field activities.
Property Access. Figure 2 shows proposed sampling locations. The DEQ has obtained an access agreement with the site property owner. Fieldwork activities will be coordinated to minimize disturbance to the on-site businesses.
Subcontractor Solicitation. The SI activities will include sediment, porewater and shellfish tissue sampling and chemical analysis. ESC Lab Sciences (ESC) of Mt. Juliet, Tennessee, under the state pricing agreement, will provide chemical analysis. ESC, however, does not perform TBT and tissue analysis. We will solicit bids for two services: sediment/tissue sampling, and TBT and tissue chemical analysis. We will solicit bids from marine sampling firms to provide a boat, divers, and sampling equipment for collection of sediment and tissue samples and completion of the sandblast grit survey and sediment thickness measurements. We will solicit bids from laboratories for analysis for TBT in bulk sediment, porewater, and tissue. Tissue analysis will also include PCBs and lipids. At least three firms will be solicited for each service. Selection will be primarily based on unit pricing. All selected firms will be under subcontract to Hart Crowser. A list of the project team members and subcontractors is provided in Table 2.
Sediment Sampling Sediment sampling is planned as soon as possible following approval of this Work Plan and will likely be completed in four field days. The project sampling approach for characterizing sediment is described below.
Sampling Locations Discrete grab samples will be obtained from the subtidal and intertidal sediment. Sample locations at the site are identified on Figure 2. The rationale for location selection is presented in Table 1. These locations were selected based on analysis of pre- and post-dredge sampling results. Grab sample locations will be named using a G01, G02, etc., designation (e.g., HM-G01). Tissue samples will be
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 6 | Hoy’s Marine named using T01, T02, etc., designation (e.g., HM-T01). If tissue sampling locations can’t be co-located with grab samples, then they will be labeled in order of collection.
Co-located sediment and porewater TBT sampling will be completed for risk screening and assessing the relationship between sediment and porewater contamination.
Sampling Positioning The objectives of the positioning are to ensure that the diver and/or boat is at the proposed sampling locations shown on Figure 2; sample location coordinates are included in Table 1. Positioning will be performed using a differential global positioning system (GPS) that will provide positions every second for precise positioning of sample locations. The navigation system onboard the support vessel will provide the vessel operator with a navigation display to enable piloting to sample locations and recording of the location of the sediment sample to a target accuracy of +/- 3 feet relative to state plane coordinate. Visual horizontal triangulation to known control points and/or permanent structures onshore will be used as a secondary method of positioning.
Once over a proposed sample location, a weighted tape measure will be used to measure water depth and, with the use of tide charts and/or nearby river gauges, estimate the mudline elevation for field verification that the position generally matches the bathymetric survey map. The following parameters will be documented in a field log at each sampling location:
Time, date, and tidal stage; Horizontal location in latitude/longitude or Oregon State Plane coordinate system; Water depth as measured by the weighted tape measure; and Water level and estimated vertical mudline elevations referenced to mean lower low water (MLLW).
Surface Sediment Grab Sampling Methods Grab sediment sampling locations are shown on Figure 2. Sample names, coordinates, and chemical analysis at each sample location are detailed in Table 1. Sampling details are presented below.
Diver Sampling of Subtidal Sediments Discrete grab samples of the upper foot of surface sediment will be collected using a hand-operated sediment core sampler. The diving contractor will be responsible for positioning the diver at the sample location and, without disturbing the sediment, collecting a representative sample from the upper 1 foot of sediment.
After retrieval of the sediment sample, the diver will deliver the sample to the Hart Crowser representative. Acceptability of each sample will be assessed against sample acceptability criteria. These criteria include not overfilling of the sampler, achieving the desired depth of penetration, observing no evidence of sediment loss, and advancing the grab sampler without obstruction or blocking its mouth. Grab samples not meeting these criteria will be rejected and sample collection will
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Hoy’s Marine | 7 be repeated. If an acceptable grab sediment sample cannot be collected at the proposed location after several attempts, the location will be moved in a 10-foot radius around the original location until an acceptable sample is obtained.
Divers will document sampling locations and subsurface conditions using a waterproof camera. Sampling locations and underwater features (i.e., debris, pilings, and shellfish) will be photographed by the diver and photograph locations logged using a differential GPS device.
Intertidal Sampling Intertidal sediment samples will be collected from the intertidal areas near the marine ways and adjacent to the shoreline. Samples will be collected using a decontaminated stainless steel shovel or hand auger. The upper 1 foot of sediment will be sampled.
Van Veen Sampling Contingency Discrete grab samples of the upper foot of surface sediment will be collected using a grab sampler, such as a power Van Veen sampler, if diver sampling is unsuccessful or if divers are unable to locate shellfish. The sampling contractor will be responsible for positioning the vessel over the sample location and deploying and retrieving the Van Veen sampler.
After retrieval of the sediment sample, the acceptability of each sample will be assessed against sample acceptability criteria. These criteria include not overfilling the sampler, overlying water is present and not excessively turbid, the sediment-water interface is intact and flat with no sample washout, the desired depth of penetration has been achieved, there is no evidence of sediment loss, and the grab sampler is closed without obstruction or blocking its mouth. Grab samples not meeting these criteria will be rejected, and sample collection will be repeated. If an acceptable grab sediment sample cannot be collected at the proposed location after several attempts, the location will be moved in a 10-foot radius around the original location until an acceptable sample is obtained.
Grab Sample Processing If the sediment sample is determined to be acceptable, sediment from each grab sample location will be placed in a clean stainless steel bowl and homogenized manually or mechanically. Once homogenized, sufficient sediment volumes will be placed into appropriate sampling containers for selected chemical analysis. Table 3 provides specifications for sample containers, sample volumes, and holding times. All samples will be kept on ice until properly prepared and packaged for shipment to the laboratory.
Documentation Field observations made during sampling will be maintained in the field notes. These observations include:
Date ,time and tidal stage; Sampling location; Sample recovery;
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Weather conditions; Sampling method, Grab sampling attempts; Water depth; and Sediment characteristics (odor; sheen; presence of wood or other debris; staining; color; grain size; relative proportions of fines, sand, and gravel; and soil classification in accordance with visual- manual classification methods of ASTM D 2488).
As samples are collected, logs and field notes of sediment sampling activities and observations will be maintained in a project notebook. In addition to the items listed above, documentation will include chronological occurrence of events during sampling operations and deviations from the specifications of this Work Plan.
Shellfish Tissue Collection Tissue samples will be collected from soft shell clams and oysters (if present) at locations shown on Figure 2. Sample type will be determined by the abundance and availably of the shellfish observed during the field investigation. We anticipate soft shell clams to be the most abundant benthic shellfish and most likely to be consumed. If soft shell clams are not present, other clams will be collected instead. If no clams are observed, other shellfish (e.g., oyster, mussel) will be collected. Tissue sample collection will be attempted at the locations shown on Figure 2 first. One soft shell clam tissue sample will be collected from the nearest upstream background location shown on Figure 3. A clam gun or similar equipment will be used to collect the intertidal shellfish. Intertidal sample collection will be completed by the Hart Crowser field representative or diving subcontractor depending on the tides and site access.
Subtidal shellfish tissue samples will be collected by divers or with a power Van Veen grab sampler if divers cannot efficiently locate shellfish. Shellfish collection utilizing the Van Veen will be completed by sieving recovered sediment through a 0.25 inch wire mesh sieve. Recovered sediment will be washed with site water over the sieve and observed shellfish will be processed for sampling.
Clams collected for tissue sampling will be rinsed in clean site seawater upon collection to remove mud, sediment, or other debris from the outer surfaces as needed. Approximately 20 grams of tissue are needed per sample. Multiple shellfish of the same species may be combined in a single bag to represent one sample. Larger shellfish with greater than 20 grams of tissue will be submitted as separate samples to the laboratory and will be segregated into separate, labeled bags. Specimens will be not be depurate and will be placed on ice until properly prepared and packaged for shipment to the laboratory.
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Sediment Thickness Measurements Measurements will be collected to determine sediment thickness adjacent to the site. These measurements will help estimate whether significant sedimentation has occurred at the site following dredge activities completed in 2004.
Sediment thickness measurements will be collected by divers at approximate locations shown on Figure 2. The diving subcontractor will determine means and methods for collecting sediment thickness measurements. The sediment measurements should identify the depth below mudline of denser material to determine sediment thickness. This will generally be accomplished by driving a sturdy rod into the sediment to the depth at which significant resistance is encountered. After driving the rod, the penetration depth and horizontal position will be recorded.
Sample Management and Chain of Custody Procedures Chain of custody procedures will follow protocols presented in the QAPP and will commence in the field and track through the subsequent transfer of samples to the laboratory. Each sample container will be clearly labeled with the project name, sample identification, type of analysis to be performed, date and time, and initials of person(s) preparing the sample. Samples will be stored at approximately 4°C until withdrawn for analysis. Containerized sediment and tissue samples will then be transported to the appropriate laboratory for testing. Sample transport procedures will be as follows.
Individual sample containers will be packed to prevent breakage and transported in a sealed ice chest or other suitable container. Glass jars will be separated in the shipping container by shock absorbent material (e.g., bubble wrap) to prevent breakage. Ice will be placed in separate plastic bags and sealed. A sealed envelope containing custody forms will be enclosed in a plastic bag and taped to the inside lid of the cooler. Signed and dated custody seals will be placed across the openings on all coolers prior to shipping.
The shipping containers will be clearly labeled with sufficient information (name of project, time and date container was sealed, person sealing the container, and consultant’s office address) to enable positive identification.
Upon transfer of sample possession to the designated laboratories, the custody form will be signed by the persons transferring custody. Upon receipt of samples at the laboratory, the shipping container seal will be broken, and the condition of the samples will be recorded by the receiver. Custody forms will continue to be used to track sample handling, including inter-laboratory transfer of samples.
Equipment Decontamination Field sampling equipment will be cleaned before and between each sampling location using the procedures described below. All hand work will be conducted with disposable gloves, which will either
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 10 | Hoy’s Marine be replaced or rinsed with distilled water before and after handling individual samples to prevent cross contamination. These will be disposed of as solid waste in a trash receptacle after use. Equipment for reuse aboard the sampling vessel (e.g., core sampler, stainless steel bowl, and sampling spoons) will be decontaminated before each sample location according to the procedure below.
River water will be sprayed over equipment to dislodge and remove any remaining sediment; Surfaces of equipment contacting sample material will be scrubbed with brushes using a biodegradable detergent solution (e.g., Liquinox); Scrubbed equipment will be rinsed and scrubbed with clean tap water; and Equipment will undergo a final spray rinse of deionized water to remove tap water impurities.
The workbench or workspace will either be decontaminated as above before and between processing each sample, or covered with aluminum foil dedicated only to processing one sample. Acid or solvent washes will not be used in the field because the use of acids or organic solvents on the congested deck of a vessel may pose a safety hazard. In addition, placement and spillage of acids and solvents during field activities aboard ship or upland may pose an environmental concern. Residues of solvents and acids on sampling equipment may affect sample integrity for chemical testing.
ANALYTICAL PROGRAM The following sections present the analytical requirements and procedures for testing and interpreting chemical analytical results of the sediment and tissue samples, including QA/QC procedures to ensure sample integrity and data quality. A list of analytes, with corresponding analytical methods, sample quantitation limits (SQLs), and SLs are provided in Table 4.
Chemical Analysis The sediment samples will be analyzed for COCs specified in Table 1. These COCs and their analytical methods are listed below.
PCBs by EPA Method 8082; TBT (dry weight) by Krone, et al.; TBT (porewater) by Krone, et al.; Metals (Chromium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc) by EPA Method 6020A; and TOC by USDA loss-on-ignition (LOI).
Shellfish tissue samples will be analyzed for PCBs and TBT. Tissue samples are not being analyzed for metals because none of the metal COCs are bioaccumulative compounds. Lipid content in each shellfish sample will be measured by Bligh and Dyer to assess bioaccumulation. The holding times and volume and storage requirements are summarized in Table 3. The analytical methods and SQLs for these analyses are compiled in Tables 4 and 5.
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If field observations indicate the presence of residual petroleum, additional sample volume will be collected for potential analysis for PAHs.
It is assumed that some sediment concentrations will exceed very low screening criteria for TBT and PCBs. Collection of porewater samples will provide information on bioavailability of these contaminants, and shellfish sampling will provide a third line of evidence for evaluating bioaccumulation and potential ecological and human health risk.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control The following QA/QC procedures will be implemented during the project to ensure sample integrity and data quality. A detailed description of these procedures is provided in the QAPP in Appendix A.
Field QA/QC Samples. Field QC samples will not be collected as part of SI activities performed in accordance with this Work Plan. Adherence to the field and decontamination procedures described in Section 4 will minimize the potential for contamination of samples, resulting in chemical data sufficient to characterize sediment. Furthermore, analysis for volatile organic compounds will not be performed, eliminating the need for a trip blank. Laboratory duplicates will be used instead of field duplicates to assess analytical precision.
Chain of Custody. A chain of custody record for each set of samples will be maintained during sample handling and transport, and will accompany sample shipments to the analytical laboratory.
Sample Quantitation Limits. The sediment samples will be analyzed according to the test methods and SQLs identified in Tables 4 and 5. Laboratory reporting limits are based on SQLs typical of the analytical laboratory industry, and are generally lower than the SLs in Table 4 and 5 to generate appropriate and useable data, achieve data quality objectives, and support accurate sediment management decisions. For chemical compounds above SQLs, the method detection limit (MDL) will be requested.
Sample Storage Requirements. All samples for chemical testing will be maintained at the testing laboratories in accordance with the sample holding limitations and storage requirements listed in Table 3. Sediment and tissue samples will be maintained under proper storage conditions until the chemistry data are deemed acceptable by the review agencies.
Laboratory QA/QC Samples. Method blanks, matrix spikes, surrogates (organic constituents only), laboratory control samples, and duplicates will be performed at the laboratory, as specified in Table 6.
Laboratory Report. A written report will be prepared by each laboratory documenting the following activities associated with the analysis of project samples:
Analytical results of QA/QC samples; Protocols used during analyses; Chain of custody procedures, including explanation of any deviation from those identified herein;
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Any protocol deviations from the approved sampling plan; and Location and availability of data.
Independent Data Quality Review. Hart Crowser will perform an independent data quality review of the chemical analytical results provided by the laboratories. This report will assess the adequacy of the reported detection limits in achieving the project SLs for sediment and tissue; the precision, accuracy, representativeness, and completeness of the data; and the usability of the analytical data for project objectives. Exceedances of analytical control limits will be summarized and evaluated. The data quality review will be incorporated into the Sediment Investigation Report described in Section 5. Detailed QA/QC protocols are described in Appendix A.
REPORTING A Sediment Investigation Report will be prepared documenting all activities associated with collection, sample handling and shipping, and chemical analysis. Analytical results will be compared to SLs listed in Table 4 and 5 to provide a basis for evaluating sediment and tissue samples. The chemical testing report(s) from the analytical laboratory will be included as appendices. At a minimum, the following will be included in the final report:
Protocols, equipment, and procedures used during sampling and testing, and an explanation of any deviations from the sampling plan protocols; Descriptions of each sample; Methods used to locate the sampling positions; Maps and tables identifying locations where the samples were collected and reported by northing and easting based on local coordinates; Chain of custody procedures used, and explanation of any deviations from the sampling plan procedures; Tabular summary of chemical testing results compared to SLs; Estimates of Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor; and Discussion of results, evaluation of the chemical quality of the sediments and tissue, development of a CSM, and risk screening to evaluate potential risks to human health and the environment.
A QA report will be prepared based upon activities involved with the field sampling and the independent data quality review of laboratory analytical data. The laboratory QA/QC reports will be included as an appendix to the Sediment Investigation report. This report will identify laboratory activities deviating from this Work Plan and the referenced protocols, and will make a statement regarding the overall validity of the data collected. The QA/QC report will be included as an appendix in the final report.
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REFERENCES Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J. 1959. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:911-917.
Buchman, M.F., 2008 NOAA Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs). NOAA OR&R Report 08-1. 2008
DEQ 2001. Table 2 – Screening Level Values for Freshwater and Marine Sediment. Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment: Levels I, II, III, and IV. Updated December 2001.
DEQ 2007. Guidance for Assessing Bioaccumulative Chemicals of Concern in Sediment. DEQ 07-LQ- 023A Final, Updated April 3, 2007.
DEQ 2012. Table of Risk Based Concentrations for Individual Chemicals. Revision June 7, 2012.
Ecology and Environment (E&E) 1999. Combined Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection. September 1999.
GEM Consultants, Inc. (GEM) 1996. Level II Site Investigation and Soil Sampling Results. February 1996.
Hart Crowser 2002. Interim Removal Action Measure Work Plan. August 8, 2002.
Hart Crowser 2003. Former Hoy’s Marine Site Biological Assessment, Newport, Oregon. May 20, 2003.
Hart Crowser 2004. Interim Removal Action Measure Report. April 12, 2004.
IT Corporation 2001. Removal Action Evaluation and Assessment Report. May 9, 2001.
Krone, C.A., D.W. Brown, D.G. Burrows, R.G. Bogar, S.-L. Chan, and U. Varanasi 1989. A method for analysis of butyltin species and the measurement of butyltins in sediment and English sole livers from Puget Sound. Mar. Environ. Res. 27:1-18.
Maul, Foster and Alongi 1997. Contaminant Inspection Report. June 1997.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Washington State Department of Ecology, US Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, and Washington State Department of Natural Resources 1998. Dredged Material Evaluation Framework, Lower Columbia River Management Area. 1998.
SRH Associates, Inc. 1989. Environmental Inspection Report. February 2, 1989.
Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) 1996. Sediment Sampling and Analysis Plan. September 1996.
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Table 1 - Sediment Sampling Locations Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Analysis Sediment Sample ID Latitude Longitude TBT Sampling Rationale PCBs Metals TOC Tissue Thickness Sediment Porewater HM-G01 44.5960251 -124.0118363 X X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G02 44.5961994 -124.0117691 X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G03 44.5962985 -124.0120915 X X X Assess local TBT and metals concentrations. HM-G04 44.5963465 -124.0117065 X X X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G05 44.5964051 -124.0114195 X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G06 44.5965200 -124.0113541 X X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G07 44.5966143 -124.0116145 X X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB, and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G08 44.5966780 -124.0118730 X X X X Assess local TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3. HM-G09 44.5964756 -124.0111196 X X X X X X X Assess nearshore TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3. HM-G10 44.5966960 -124.0109695 X X X X X X X Assess nearshore TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3. HM-G11 44.5968057 -124.0112884 X X X X X X Assess local TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3. HM-G12 44.5969492 -124.0117207 X X X X Assess local TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3. HM-G13 44.5970292 -124.0121480 X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G14 44.5970378 -124.0111182 X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB and metals concentrations in 2004 dredge prisms. HM-G15 44.5971659 -124.0114428 X X X X X X Assess residual TBT, PCB and metals concentrations downslope of 2004 dredge prism. HM-G16 44.5973979 -124.0116394 X X X Assess downstream extent of TBT and metals concentrations. HM-G17 44.5974554 -124.0111601 X X X X X Assess downstream extent of TBT and metals concentrations. HM-G18 44.5977466 -124.0112736 X X X Assess downstream extent of TBT and metals concentrations. Assess local TBT and metals concentrations and evaluate PCB concentrations close to Areas 2 and 3; possible sediment HM-G19 44.5967658 -124.0115614 X X X X X X X accumulation area HM-G20 44.5830610 -124.0129310 X X X X Assess background COC concentrations. HM-G21 44.5764410 -123.9664400 X X X X Assess background COC concentrations. 13 21 21 21 12 6 11 Acronyms and Abbreviations: PCBs = Polychlorinated biphenyls TBT = Tri-n-butyl tin TOC = Total organic carbon Metals = Chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc. COCs = Contaminants of Concern
Latitude and Longitude - WGS 1984 datum. Table 2 - Project Team and Subcontractors Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Role Name and Title Organization Phone Number Mark Pugh Department of DEQ Project Leader (503) 229-5587 Environmental Project Manager Environmental Quality Phil Cordell (971) 327-9105 Consultant Project Manager Hart Crowser Project Geologist Cell: (206) 730-5016 Kaylan Smyth (971) 327-9105 Field Manager Hart Crowser Field Engineer Cell: (541) 990-0658 Anne Conrad QA Manager Hart Crowser (206) 324-9530 QA Manager Jarred Willis ESC Laboratory Project Manager ESC (615) 773-9678 Technical Sales Representative
Laboratory Project Manager Kris Allen Test America (253) 248-4970
Sampling Contractor Eric Parker Research Support Services (206) 550-5202 Table 3 - Sample Volume and Storage Criteria Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Sample 1 2 Sample Type Holding Time Size Temperature Container 4 oz glass or Tri-n-Butyltin (sediment) 14 days 20 g 4 deg C polycarbonate jar w/Teflon lid 1 L glass or Tri-n-Butyltin (porewater) 7 days 500 ml 4 deg C polycarbonate jar w/Teflon lid
2 oz Metals (sediment) 14 Days 10 g 4 deg C Plastic/Glass
4 oz Glass w/ PCBs (sediment) 1 year 40 g 4 deg C Teflon-lined cap
TOC (sediment) 14 days 40 g 4 deg C 4 oz. Glass
Frozen - up to 1 Variable, typically Glass jar/poly or Shellfish Tissue Samples -20 deg C year 1 - 20g Teflon bag
Notes: 1 Recommended minimum sample sizes for one laboratory analysis. 2 Field volumes are increased to allow for sample loss or reanalysis.
Acronyms and Abbreviations: PCBs = Polychlorinated biphenyls Table 4 - Analyte List and SQLs for Sediment Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Human Health Ecological Screening Criteria Criteria Site-Specific Analytes Analytical Method DEQ Level II DEQ DEQ 2004 RAO SQLs Background Ecological Bioaccumulative PEL Bioaccumulative Risk SLVs SLVs (Fish) SLVs (HH)
Metals in mg/kg (ppm) Chromium (total) 52 - 160 55 260 0.2 Copper 19 - 108 26 390 0.1 EPA 6020A Nickel 16 - 42.8 40 140 0.2 Zinc 124 - 271 93 410 0.5 0.00039 (general) Total PCBs in mg/kg (ppm) EPA 8082 (low level) - 0.047 0.189 4.8E-5 (sub.) <40 - 0.01
Ecological Screening Criteria Human Health Screening Criteria Analytes Analytical Method 2004 RAO SQLs DEQ Level II DEQ Puget Sound Puget Sound DEQ Ecological Bioaccumulative Lower Screening Upper Screening Bioaccumulative Risk SLVs SLVs (Fish) Level Level SLVs (HH) Tri-n-butyltin 0.085 (general) Sediment (mg/kg) Krone, et al . 3 0.00037 0.0251 0.351 - 0.001 0.010 (sub) Porewater (ug/L) Krone, et al . 0.063 - 0.05 0.70 - 0.15 0.05
Notes: 1. DEQ SLVs from Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment, Level II - Screening (DEQ, December 2001) or DEQ bioaccumulation guidance if available (DEQ 2007). 2. Remedial action objectives (RAOs) for the 2004 sediment removal were based on the USACE criteria for the Lower Columbia River Management Area (LCRMA) (USACE 1998); for chromium the Washington State sediment quality criterion was used (Ecology 1996). 3. PEL screening levels for marine sediment from Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs), NOAA ORR&R Report 08-1 (Buchman 2008).
Acronyms and Abbreviations: mg/kg = milligrams per kilogram µg/kg = micrograms per kilogram SQL = Sample Quantitation Limit SLV = Screening Level Value DEQ = Department of Environmental Quality TEL = Threshold Effects Level AET = Apparent Effects Threshold HH = Human Health - = No value available Table 5 - Analyte List and SQLs for Tissue Samples Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Human Health ATLs Ecological ATLs Analytes Analytical Method SQLs Rec. Sub. Bird Mammal
Total PCBs in mg/kg (ppm) 8082A LL 0.0047 0.00057 3.4 1.7 0.01 Tri-n-butyltin in mg/kg (ppm) Krone et al. 1.2 0.15 96 26 0.001 Lipids (%) Bligh and Dyer - - - - 0.010
Notes: 1. Acceptable Tissue Levels (ATLs) from DEQ Guidance for Assessing Bioaccumulation in Sediment (DEQ 2007). 2. Human Health ATLs based on recreational shellfish consumption; ATLs for birds and mammals based on population levels.
Acronyms and Abbreviations: mg/kg = miligrams per kilogram µg/kg = micrograms per kilogram SQL = Sample quantitation limit - = No value available Table 6 - Minimum Analytical Laboratory QA/QC for Sediment Samples Hoy's Marine Sediment Investigation Work Plan Newport, Oregon
Method Analysis Type Blanks Surrogates MS/MSD LCS/LCSD Tri-n-Butyltin X X X X PCBs X X X X Metals X X X X
Notes: 1. See Quality Assurance Project Plan (Appendix A) for frequency of QC sample analysis. 2. Surrogate spikes required for every sample, including matrix spiked samples, blanks, and reference materials. 3. Initial calibration required before any samples are analyzed, after each major disruption of equipment, and when ongoing calibration fails to meet criteria. 4. Ongoing calibration required at the beginning of each work shift, every 10 to 12 samples, or every 12 hours (whichever is more frequent), and at the end of each shift.
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APPENDIX A Quality Assurance Project Plan
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APPENDIX A QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
INTRODUCTION This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) provides the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) objectives, organization, and functional activities associated with characterization of sediment at the Hoy’s Marine Site.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT Management of this project is described below.
Project Organization This section outlines the individuals directly involved with this project and their specific responsibilities. Table 2 of the work plan provides contact information for key project personnel.
Hart Crowser Program Manager: Rick Ernst, RG. Mr. Ernst is the Program Manager for Hart Crowser and will be the secondary contact for the DEQ Manager. He will maintain primary responsibility for project quality, schedule, and budget; provide final review of all project deliverables; and serve as a technical resource throughout the project.
DEQ Project Manager: Mark Pugh. Mr. Pugh is the Project Manager for the DEQ and will provide regulatory oversight of the SI. He will be the primary contact for Hart Crowser and will be responsible for review and approval of the Work Plan, reports, and deliverables. He may coordinate with other DEQ personnel for support in reviewing deliverables, providing technical assistance, and approving changes in work scope.
Hart Crowser Project Manager: Phil Cordell. Mr. Cordell is the Project Manager for this project and will report to the Hart Crowser Program Manager. Mr. Cordell will oversee daily operations, prepare project deliverables, and manage and coordinate all field and subcontractors. He will also act as the Health and Safety Officer for the project and will be responsible for adherence to the site-specific HASP.
Hart Crowser Field Staff: Kaylan Smyth. Mr. Smyth will be responsible for implementing the field activities as specified in this Work Plan including preparation for the field events, implementation of all field activities, and maintaining chain of custody with the analytical laboratory.
Hart Crowser Quality Assurance Manager: Anne Conrad. Ms. Conrad is responsible for quality assurance as detailed in this QAPP. She will monitor project QA procedures to ensure compliance with this QAPP, and, if any problems or deficiencies are observed, she will suggest appropriate corrective action.
Subcontractors. Subcontractors will be needed to complete sediment sampling, tissue sampling, sediment depth measurements, and chemical analysis. Each subcontractor will be required, as appropriate, to conduct their tasks in accordance with the HASP in force for the project, industry regulations, and specified
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analytical methods and procedures as presented in this QAPP. All subcontractors will report directly to the Hart Crowser Project Manager.
Project Laboratory Organization and Responsibilities Sediment samples will be analyzed by ESC and another laboratory procured by a competitive solicitation process. The laboratory Standard Operating Practices (SOPs) are available upon request from each laboratory. The Laboratory Project Manager, who will be the primary laboratory contact for the proposed project, is listed in Table 2 of the Work Plan.
Laboratory Project Manager The Laboratory Manager is responsible for coordination of laboratory activities to result in an integrated approach to quality data production. The Laboratory Manager will coordinate Laboratory Section Management, Information Management, and Client Services to ensure that project requirements and data quality objectives (DQOs) are met.
Section Managers/Supervisors The Laboratory Section Managers and Supervisors shall hold the final authority in decisions concerning implementation of QA policy. Section Managers and Section Supervisors shall instruct employees in the proper employment of QA policies. Each Section Supervisor will ensure that analyses are completed within required holding times, that data are submitted within required submission times, and all analyses are performed according to current SOPs. They will ensure that any client modifications or QA issues are well documented for each sample set and that all required documents are complete when submitted with each data set.
Information Management The Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) will ensure that data correctly reflect the preparations and analyses performed, SOPs, method detection limit (MDL), and sample quantitation limit (SQL) data (i.e., reporting limit [RL]), as submitted from the QA Project Manager. Personnel are also responsible for ensuring all electronic deliverables for clients are formatted correctly and these data match the hard copy deliverables submitted.
Laboratory Client Services Client Services (Project Managers, Sample Receiving, and Sample Management) shall be responsible for ensuring the laboratory understands and can meet project-specific analytical requirements and DQOs.
Coordination Hart Crowser will coordinate field staff and subcontractors and keep the DEQ Project Manager apprised of project and field activities, issues that may affect project schedule or outcome, and any problems that are encountered. Before initiation of field activities, the DEQ will provide notification to property tenants and arrange for site access.
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SAMPLING REQUIREMENTS Sampling requirements for the project are detailed below.
Sample Design and Methods The basis and scope of the SI activities are described in the SI Work Plan. In general, sediment and tissue samples will be obtained from the Yaquina River and analyzed to assess sediment conditions adjacent to the site. Sediment samples will be used to assess contaminant concentrations following previously completed remedial actions and whether contaminates still pose a risk to human health and the environment. Field sampling methods are described in the SI Work Plan.
Field Data Management Field Measurements and Observations. A field logbook will be used to document field measurement, daily activities, and observations. Documentation will be sufficient to enable participants to reconstruct events that occurred during the project accurately and objectively at a later time. The logbook will be bound, and all pages will be consecutively numbered. All entries will be made in waterproof ink, dated, and signed by the person conducting the work. Because the logbook is a complete documentation of field procedures, it will contain only facts and observations. Language is to be objective, clear, concise, and free of personal interpretation or terminology that might be misconstrued.
At a minimum, the following data will be recorded in the logbook:
Date and time of any activity;
Purpose and location of activity;
Weather conditions;
Description of sample reference point(s);
Sample location, depth (if appropriate), volume, and identification number;
Field measurements made;
Relevant comments regarding field activities; and
The signature of responsible personnel.
Field logbooks will be identified by the project name and a project-specific number, and stored in the field project files when not in use. Field logbooks will be photocopied after the investigation, and photocopies will be stored in the permanent project files. After field activities are completed, logbooks will be stored in the project file.
Photographs. Photographs will be taken as directed by the Program Manager and at the discretion of the Field Staff. The following information will be noted in the logbook concerning photographs if not clearly
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 A-4 | Hoy’s Marine evident by the photographs or embedded by the digital camera: date, location, and direction where photographs were taken; description of photographs taken; and reasons why photographs were taken. Upon downloading of photographs, each folder of photographs will be labeled as to their date and location/activity.
Corrections. All original data are recorded in field notes using indelible ink. Documents will be retained even if they are illegible or contain inaccuracies that require correction. No pages will be removed for any reason. If an error is made on a document, the individual making the entry will correct the document by crossing a line through the error, entering the correct information, and initialing and dating the correction. Any subsequent error discovered on a document is corrected, initialed, and dated by the person who made the entry.
Data Quality Objectives The overall QA objectives for field sampling, field measurements, and laboratory analysis are to produce data of known and appropriate quality to determine the concentrations of chemicals of concern (COCs) within site sediments. Appropriate procedures and QC checks will be used so that known and acceptable levels of accuracy and precision are maintained for each data set. This section defines the objectives for accuracy and precision for measurement data. These goals are primarily expressed in terms of acceptance criteria for the QC checks performed. Specific criteria are discussed in the Analytical Methods and Quality Control Procedures sections.
Data Use Definitive laboratory results will be used to determine whether COCs are present in site sediments at concentrations above screening levels (SLs) as listed in Table 4 and 5 of this Work Plan. Based on this comparison to SLs, decisions can then be made whether additional actions are necessary to address site COCs.
Measurement Quality Objectives for Chemical Data Measurement Data quality indicators (DQIs), including precision, accuracy, representativeness, comparability, and completeness, and SQLs are dictated by the DQOs, project requirements, and intended uses of the data. The data must be of sufficient technical quality to determine whether constituents are present at concentrations that pose a potential threat to the environment. Measurement quality objectives include the following:
Laboratory SQLs are to be below SLs. Ideally, SQLs will be 50 percent below SLs, though this may not be achievable for all analytes. Target SQLs are listed in Table 4 and 5 of the Work Plan.
The objective for analytical accuracy, as assessed by instrument calibration percent differences and matrix spike, laboratory control sample, and surrogate compound recoveries, is within 25 percent for calibrations and within historical laboratory control chart ranges for other parameters.
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The objective for precision, as assessed by analysis of laboratory duplicate samples, is a relative percent difference (RPD) of less than 35 percent for laboratory duplicates.
The objective for completeness is a minimum of 95 percent for each analyte.
Sample Handling, Custody, Receipt, and Holding Time Requirements
Sample Containers and Preservation Techniques Sample container requirements vary according to analyte. Precleaned sample containers will be obtained from the laboratories. All sample containers shall be cleaned following the requirements described in Specifications and Guidance for Contaminant-Free Sample Containers (EPA 1992). Samples will be preserved according to the requirements of the specific analytical methods to be employed, and all samples will be extracted and analyzed within method-specified holding times. Required sample containers, preservatives, and holding times are summarized in Table 3 of the Work Plan.
Chain of Custody Chain of custody forms document the collection, custody, and transfer of samples from their initial collection location to the laboratory, and their ultimate use and disposal. Entries for each sample will be made on the custody form immediately after each sample is collected.
Sample custody procedures will be followed to provide a documented record that can be used to follow possession and handling of a sample from collection through analysis. A sample is considered to be in custody if it meets at least one of the following conditions:
The sample is in someone’s physical possession or view;
The sample is secured to prevent tampering (i.e., custody seals); and/or
The sample is locked or secured in an area restricted to authorized personnel.
A chain of custody form will be completed in the field as samples are collected. At a minimum, the information on the custody form shall include the sample number, date and time of sample collection, sampler, analyses, and number of containers. Two copies of the custody form will be placed in the cooler prior to sealing for delivery to the laboratory with the respective samples. The other copy will be retained and placed in the project files after review by the Project Manager. Custody seals will be placed on each cooler or package containing samples so the package cannot be opened without breaking the seals.
Verification/Documentation of Cooler Receipt Condition A designated sample custodian will accept custody of the shipped samples and verify the chain of custody form matches the samples received. The case or sample delivery group of samples will be given a laboratory number and each sample will be assigned a unique sequential identification number that includes the laboratory case identification number.
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Upon receipt of samples at the laboratory, the sample custodian will verify the package custody seals are unbroken. Upon opening the cooler, the sample- receiving custodian will immediately measure the temperature and record it on the sample receipt form. The sample custodian will examine all samples to verify the information on the chain of custody form and will then sign the form. Any discrepancies will be noted on the sample receipt form. The laboratory sample custodian will then log samples into the LIMS and secure them in the appropriate storage refrigerators.
Corrective Action for Incoming Samples Any discrepancies, questions, or observations concerning sample integrity will be noted by the laboratory sample custodian and the consultant’s project manager will be contacted.
Holding Time Requirements To control the quality of samples submitted for laboratory analysis, established preservation and storage measures will be followed. In the Work Plan, Table 3 provides information on holding times, sample containers, and sample preservation requirements by sample type.
Analytical Methods Samples will be analyzed according to EPA methods as described in Update III to Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste; Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 (EPA, 1986, with updates) as summarized below. Target analytes are the COCs identified by previous characterization activities at the project site. These analytes and their SQLs are presented in Table 4 and Table 5 of the Work Plan.
Tributyltin. Samples submitted for tributyltin analysis will be extracted by a tropolone/methylene chloride extraction followed by Grignard derivitization and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The Krone et al. Method (1989), will be used for sediment, porewater, and tissue, respectively.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Samples submitted for low-level PCB analyses will be extracted using ultrasonic extraction, EPA Method 3550B. The extract for PCB analysis will be cleaned up with sulfuric acid, EPA Method 3665A, for removal of organics and, if required, then undergo copper cleanup for sulfur removal using EPA Method 3660B. PCBs will be determined as Aroclors by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD) according to EPA Method 8082A.
Metals. Metals analysis will be performed by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) using EPA Method 6020A.
Lipids. Lipid analysis will be performed by the Bligh and Dyer Method.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Total organic carbon analysis will be performed by the USDA loss-on-ignition (LOI) method.
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Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance in the laboratory will be the responsibility of the laboratory personnel and analysts. This maintenance includes routine care and cleaning of instruments, and inspection and monitoring of carrier gases, solvents, and glassware used in analyses. Details of the maintenance procedures are addressed in the respective laboratory’s SOPs and Methods manuals.
Preventive maintenance is a crucial element of the laboratory QA Program. Instruments (e.g., analytical balances, gas chromatographs, etc.) are maintained under commercial service contracts or by qualified, in- house personnel. All instruments are operated and maintained according to the instrument operating manuals. All routine and special maintenance activities pertaining to the instruments are recorded in instrument maintenance logbooks.
Preventive maintenance procedures, frequencies, etc., will be available for each instrument used. They are available in the various SOPs for routine methods performed on an instrument and in the operating or maintenance manuals provided with the equipment at the time of purchase. The section supervisor is responsible for ensuring routine maintenance is performed. The supervisor may perform the maintenance or assign the maintenance task to a qualified bench-level analyst. In the case of non-routine repair of capital equipment, the section supervisor is responsible for providing the repair, either by performing the repair himself/herself with manufacturer guidance or by acquiring on-site manufacturer repair. Each laboratory section maintains a critical parts inventory to perform the preventive maintenance procedures. This inventory, or “parts list,” also includes the items needed to perform any other routine maintenance and certain in-house non-routine repairs.
Calibration Procedures and Frequency The laboratory calibration procedures are specified in the appropriate analytical method and the laboratory SOPs (available upon request). In general, instrument calibration is achieved by preparing and analyzing calibration standards for the analytes of interest. For example, for GC analysis, the external standard calibration method requires the analysis of one standard at a concentration near, but above, the established MDL. The other concentrations should correspond to the expected range of concentrations present in real samples or should define the working range of the detector. The lowest calibration standard must be at or lower than the lowest SQL. Calibration check standards are analyzed before and after each batch of samples. If the recovery of the standard is not within acceptable criteria, the standards and all samples are reanalyzed.
All equipment and instruments used at laboratories will be operated, maintained, and calibrated according to the manufacturer’s guidelines and recommendations, as well as to criteria set forth in the applicable analytical methodology. Operation and calibration are performed by personnel who have been properly trained in these procedures. Documentation of calibration information is maintained in appropriate reference files. Records are maintained to provide traceability of reference materials.
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Quality Control Procedures
Chemical Laboratory Quality Control Procedures The quality of analytical data generated is controlled by the frequency and type of internal QC checks developed for analysis type. The quality of laboratory measurements will be assessed by reviewing results for analysis of method blanks, matrix spikes, duplicate samples, laboratory control samples, surrogate compound recoveries, instrument calibrations, performance evaluation samples, interference checks, etc., as specified in the analytical methods to be used.
The laboratory QC procedures used for this project will consist of the following, at a minimum:
Instrument calibration and standards as defined in EPA SW-846 Methods (EPA, 1986);
Analysis of surrogate compounds, for all organic analyses, to assess accuracy;
Laboratory blank measurements at a minimum frequency of 5 percent or one per batch of 20 samples or fewer for each matrix;
Matrix spike (MS) and/or matrix spike duplicate (MSD) analyses, for organic analyses, to assess accuracy and precision at a minimum frequency of 5 percent or one per batch of 20 samples or fewer for each matrix;
Laboratory control sample (LCS) and/or LCS duplicate (LCSD) analyses to assess accuracy and precision in the absence of any matrix effect at a minimum frequency of 5 percent or one per batch of 20 samples or fewer for each matrix; and
Performance evaluation (PE) samples, when available, may be analyzed by the laboratory to assess analytical accuracy. PE sample results will be evaluated to determine whether reported concentrations are with established acceptance limits ( 3 ) as supplied by the vendor.
Table 6 of the Work Plan defines required QA/QC samples.
Performance and System Audits
Field Oversight Assessment A formal field audit is not planned for the sediment sampling event conducted in accordance with this Work Plan; however, field personnel will document deviations from the approved procedures using a corrective action form. All personnel will be given copies of the Work Plan to familiarize them with the requirements and procedures for field activities including:
Availability and proper use of field equipment;
Adherence to sample collection, identification, handling, shipping, and chain of custody procedures;
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Proper collection, handling, and frequency of QC samples;
Equipment decontamination procedures; and
Sample documentation procedures.
Deviations from the Work Plan will be noted in the Sediment Investigation Report.
Laboratory Assessment Hart Crowser’s QA Manager will monitor the performance of the laboratory QA program. This will be achieved through regular contact with the Laboratory Project Manager and QA staff. To ensure comparable data, chemical samples of a given matrix to be analyzed by each specified analytical method will be processed consistently by the analytical laboratory. In the event that problems become evident during review of results from initial samples, the QA Manager will contact the Laboratory Project Manager to discuss the problems, provide the laboratory an opportunity to clarify any misunderstandings, and suggest potential corrective actions. Upon discussion, the selected corrective action would be implemented. Follow-up audits may be performed prior to completion of the project to ensure corrective actions have been implemented. Deviations from the Work Plan and corrective actions will be noted in the QA Report to the Sediment Investigation Report.
Nonconformance/Corrective Actions If routine QC audits by the laboratory result in detection of unacceptable conditions or data (i.e., exceedances of holding times, insufficient or inaccurate methods, improper equipment calibration, or other potential field or laboratory deviations from this work plan), actions specified in the laboratory SOPs will be taken. Specific corrective actions are outlined in each respective EPA method used and include but are not limited to the following:
Identifying the source of the violation;
Reanalyzing samples if holding time criteria permit;
Resampling and analyzing;
Evaluating and amending sampling and analytical procedures; and/or
Accepting data and flagging to indicate the level of uncertainty.
If unacceptable conditions occur, the laboratory will contact Hart Crowser’s QA Manager to discuss the issues and determine the appropriate corrective action. Any corrective actions taken by the laboratory during analysis of samples for this project will be documented by the laboratory in the case narrative associated with the impacted samples.
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Data Reduction/Calculation of Data Quality Indicators DQIs, including precision, accuracy, representativeness, comparability, and completeness (PARCC parameters), and SQLs are dictated by the DQOs, project requirements, and intended uses of the data. These DQIs and SQLs are discussed below.
Precision. Precision is the degree of reproducibility or agreement between independent or repeated measurements. Analytical variability will be expressed as the relative percent difference between field or laboratory replicates and between MS/MSD and LCS/LCSD analyses. RPD will be used to measure precision for this investigation and is defined as follows:
(D D ) RPD = 1 2 100 (D1D2 )/2 Where:
D1 = Sample value
D2 = Duplicate sample value
Accuracy. Accuracy or bias measures the closeness of the measured value to the true value. Accuracy is the agreement between a measured value and its true or accepted value. While it is not possible to determine absolute accuracy for environmental samples, the analysis of standards and spiked samples provides an indirect assessment of accuracy.
Laboratory accuracy will be assessed as the percent recovery of matrix spikes, matrix spike duplicates, surrogate-spiked compounds (for organic analyses), laboratory control samples, and PE samples. Accuracy will be defined as the percentage recoverable from the true value and is defined as follows:
(SSR-SR) %Recovery = 100 SA Where:
SSR = spiked sample result SR = sample results (not applicable for surrogate recovery) SA = amount of spike added
Accuracy may also be assessed by analysis of performance evaluation samples. PE sample results will be evaluated to determine if reported concentrations are with established acceptance limits ( 3 ) as supplied by the vendor.
Representativeness. Representativeness expresses the degree to which sample data accurately and precisely represent a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at a sampling point, or an environmental condition. Care will be taken in the design of the sampling program to ensure sample locations are selected properly, sufficient numbers of samples are collected to accurately reflect conditions at the site, and samples are representative of sampling locations. A sufficient volume of sample will be
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Hoy’s Marine | A-11 collected at each sampling point to minimize bias or errors associated with sample particle size and heterogeneity.
Comparability. Comparability is a qualitative parameter expressing the confidence with which one data set can be compared to another. To ensure results are comparable, samples will be analyzed using standard EPA methods and protocols as described in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes Physical/Chemical Methods (EPA 1986). Data will also be reviewed to verify that precision and accuracy criteria have been achieved and, if not, that data have been appropriately qualified. The use of standard techniques for both sample collection and laboratory analysis should make data collected comparable to both internal and other data generated.
Completeness. Completeness is the percentage of measurements made that are judged to be valid. Completeness will be calculated separately for each analytical group, e.g., metals or volatile organics. Results must also contain all quality control check analyses required to verify the precision and accuracy of results to be considered complete. Data qualified as estimated during the validation process will be considered complete. Non-valid measurements will be results that are rejected during the validation review or samples for which no analytical results were obtained. Completeness will be calculated for each analysis using the following equation:
valid data points obtained Completeness = 100 total data points planned
The target goal for completeness is a minimum of 95 percent. Completeness will be monitored on an on- going basis so that archived sample extracts can be re-analyzed, if required, without remobilization.
Sample Quantitation Limits. SQLs presented in Table 4 and 5 of the Work Plan are typically achieved by the laboratory for the methods defined in the table. The SQL is defined as the lowest reproducible concentration at which a chemical can be accurately and reproducibly quantitated for a given sample. The SQL can vary from sample to sample depending on sample size, matrix interferences, moisture content, and other sample-specific conditions. SQLs usually correspond to the lowest calibration standard. SQLs are compared to SLs to ensure DQOs will be met. If an SQL exceeds an SL for a given chemical constituent, further evaluation of whether an exceedance may be present will be performed by comparing the MDL to the SL, determining if reasonable steps were taken to achieve the SL, and/or assessing previous data for lines of evidence that the constituent may or may not be present.
Laboratory Operations Documentation All laboratory operations and procedures performed during sample processing are documented in logbooks, in notebooks, and on laboratory forms and bench sheets. Consistent use of standard documents throughout the laboratory ensures that all activities will be traceable and serves as objective evidence of the work performed. All procedures performed at project laboratories will be detailed in SOPs. Sample preparation and analysis SOPs will reference approved analytical methods and detail the actual procedures followed by laboratory staff. SOPs for non-analytical activities will detail the procedures developed specifically for use at each laboratory.
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Sample Management Records All samples analyzed by the laboratory will be monitored in accordance with sample control procedures. Sample control includes operations such as container preparation, sample collection, receipt and storage, and tracking of the sample throughout all processing steps. Documentation of sample control activities and adherence to standard procedures is an important aspect of ensuring that DQOs are met.
After sample organization and initial inspection has been completed, sample information will be entered into the LIMS, and a Service Request will be generated for the sample set. The Service Request serves as a work order for the laboratory. The Service Request will contain the following information:
Client name;
Client project name and/or number;
Client contact;
Verified time of sample receipt;
Required turnaround time;
Laboratory job number;
Client sample identifiers(s);
Laboratory sample number(s);
Required parameters; and
Additional analytical requirements/comments.
A sequential laboratory job number will be assigned to each sample set. Laboratory sample numbers, determined by the job number and a sequential letter, will be assigned to each sample. Containers for each sample will also be numbered sequentially. These identifiers will be used to monitor the sample set and container throughout sample processing. All samples logged for the sample set and the analytical parameters required for each sample will be indicated on the Service Request. Client-specific QC requirements and any other pertinent information indicated on the chain of custody record will also be noted. Discrepancies between the chain of custody record and sample containers will be noted, as well as discrepancy resolutions. To reduce the possibility of inaccurate sample processing, the sample receiving staff working with the Project Manager will resolve all discrepancy issues prior to releasing the samples to the analytical sections.
Upon completion of sample log-in, all documentation will be placed in a master folder and forwarded to the assigned Project Manager for review and approval. Copies of the Service Request and all pertinent laboratory-specific documentation required to accurately complete sample analysis will be placed in each
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Hoy’s Marine | A-13 laboratory job folder. Laboratory job folders will then be distributed to appropriate laboratory sections for analysis and incorporation into the section tracking system.
Data Reporting Procedures The laboratory data reports will consist of complete data packages that will contain complete documentation and all raw data to allow independent data reduction and verification of analytical results from laboratory bench sheets, instrument raw data outputs, and chromatograms. Each laboratory data report will include the following:
Case narrative identifying the laboratory analytical batch number, matrix and number of samples included, analyses performed and analytical methods used, and description of any problems or exceedance of QC criteria and corrective action taken. The laboratory manager or their designee must sign the narrative.
Copy of chain of custody forms for all samples included in the analytical batch.
Tabulated sample analytical results with units, data qualifiers, percent solids, sample weight or volume, dilution factor, laboratory batch and sample number, sample number, and dates sampled, received, extracted, and analyzed clearly specified. Surrogate percent recoveries will be included for organic analyses.
Surrogate spike recoveries will be reported in all organic reports where appropriate. The reports shall also specify the control limits for surrogate spike results, as well as the spiking concentration. Any out- of-control recoveries will be reported immediately to the QA Manager. Any out-of-control recoveries (as defined in the method) will result in the sample being rerun (both sets of data are to be reported).
All calibration, quality control, and sample raw data including chromatograms, quantitation reports, and other instrument output data.
Blank summary results indicating samples associated with each blank.
MS/MSD result summaries with calculated percent recovery and relative percent differences.
LCS results, when applicable, with calculated percent recovery.
Electronically formatted data deliverable results.
Data Management Procedures Analytical results are typically obtained from the laboratory both in hardcopy and electronic data deliverable (EDD) formats. The EDD is a spreadsheet or text file format and includes the following information: Laboratory Identification, Sample Identification, Extraction Date, Analysis Date, Test Method, Parameter Name, Result, Qualifier, and Units. After data validation is performed, the file is imported into the project database and any changes in values or qualifiers resulting from data validation are applied. The Project Manager provides additional information such as Sampling Date, Location Coordinates, Depth
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Interval, and Screening Criteria from field sampling documentation forms, which is added to the database. A report is produced and verified against the validated Lab Certificates. Original laboratory results, raw data, and EDD files will be archived in project files.
Data Assessment Procedures This section describes the process for verifying (i.e., determining that project data were collected in a manner that meets the specified QC acceptance criteria) and evaluating (i.e., determining that project results are suitable for use in making the specified decision) project data. Data verification and evaluation will generally follow the process described in the June 2001 EPA peer review draft of Guidance on Environmental Data Verification and Validation (EPA 2001).
Data Quality Control Review The data will undergo two levels of QA/QC evaluation: one at the laboratory; and one by Hart Crowser’s QA Manager. Initial data reduction, evaluation, and reporting at the laboratory will be carried out as described in the appropriate analytical protocols. QC data resulting from methods and procedures described in this document will also be reported.
Data Verification/Evaluation The analytical data generated by the laboratory will undergo a data evaluation review. Data will be verified by the QA chemist by reviewing and comparing results entered into the analytical database with evaluation memoranda prior to subsequent data reduction and evaluation. Reported analytical results will be qualified by the laboratory to identify QC concerns in accordance with the laboratory SOPs. Additional laboratory data qualifiers may be defined and reported by the laboratory to more completely explain QC concerns regarding a particular sample result. Any additional data qualifiers will be defined in the laboratory’s narrative reports associated with each case.
A data evaluation review will be performed on all results using QC summary sheet results provided by the laboratory for each data package. The data evaluation review is based on the Quality Control Requirements previously described and follows the format of the EPA National Functional Guidelines for Organic and Inorganic Data Review (EPA 1999, 2004) modified to include specific criteria of individual analytical methods. Raw data (instrument tuning, calibrations, chromatograms, spectra, instrument printouts, bench sheets and laboratory worksheets) will be available for review if any problems or discrepancies are discovered during the routine evaluation or if a more comprehensive data validation is necessary. The following is an outline of the data evaluation review format:
Verify sample numbers and analyses match the chain of custody request;
Verify sample preservation and holding times;
Verify instrument tuning, calibration, and performance criteria were achieved;
Verify that field and laboratory blanks were performed at the proper frequency and that no analytes were present in the blanks;
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Verify laboratory duplicates, matrix spikes, and laboratory control samples were run at the proper frequency and that control limits were met;
Verify surrogate compound analyses have been performed and that results met the QC criteria; and
Verify required detection limits have been achieved.
Data qualifier flags, beyond any applied by the laboratory, will be added to sample results that fall outside the QC acceptance criteria. An explanation of data qualifiers to be applied during the review is provided below:
U - The compound was analyzed for but was not detected. The associated numerical value is the sample reporting limit.
J - The associated numerical value is an estimated quantity because QC criteria were slightly exceeded or because reported concentrations were less than the practical quantitation limit (lowest calibration standard).
UJ - The compound was analyzed for, but not detected. The associated numerical value is an estimated reporting limit because QC criteria were not met.
R - Data are not usable because of significant exceedance of QC criteria. The analyte may or may not be present; resampling and/or re-analysis are necessary for verification.
Data Quality Objective Reconciliation Reconciliation of laboratory results with DQOs will be performed on an on-going basis through the data verification and evaluation process. The reconciliation process will include comparison of data to SEF screening criteria. During review it will be verified that analytical results meet the performance standards or are appropriately qualified.
Project Completeness Assessment A final QA summary report will be included in the Sediment Investigation Report. The summary will include the evaluation of the data in accordance with DQOs, and will include discussions on the PARCC parameters and SQLs.
References EPA 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste; Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846. As updated and accessed on http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm.
EPA 1992. Specifications and Guidance for Contaminant-Free Sample Containers. OSWER Directive 92.0 05A.
EPA 1999. USEPA Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review. October 1999.
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EPA 2001. Guidance on Environmental Data Verification and Validation. EPA QA/G-8.
EPA 2004. USEPA Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Data Review. October 2004.
Krone, C.A., D.W. Brown, D.G. Burrows, R.G. Bogar, S.-L. Chan, and U. Varanasi 1989. A method for analysis of butyltin species and the measurement of butyltins in sediment and English sole livers from Puget Sound. Mar. Environ. Res. 27:1-18.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Portland District, Walla Walla District, and Northwestern Division; U.S. EPA, Region 10; Washington Departments of Ecology and Natural Resource; Oregon Department of Environmental Quality; Idaho Department of Environmental Quality; National Marine Fisheries Service; and U.S., Fish and Wildlife Service 2006. Northwest Region Sediment Evaluation Framework, Interim Final. September 2006.
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APPENDIX B Health and Safety Plan
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Appendix B – Health and Safety Plan Hoy’s Marine 4592 Yaquina Bay Road Newport, Oregon DATE PREPARED: December 1, 2014
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
SITE LOCATION Hoy’s Marine Site 4592 Yaquina Bay Road Newport, Oregon NEAREST HOSPITALS Samaritan Pacific Communities Hospital 930 SW Abbey St. Newport, Oregon 97365 (541) 265-2244
The hospital is shown on Figure HSP-1. EMERGENCY RESPONDERS Police ...... 911 Fire ...... 911 Ambulance ...... 911 EMERGENCY CONTACTS Hart Crowser, Portland Office……………………..…………(503) 620-7284 Phil Cordell ……...……………………………………….(206) 730-5016 (cell) Kaylan Smyth ……………………………………………(541) 990-0658 (cell) Hart Crowser Corporate Health and Safety Director, Julie Wilson, ………………………………………………………….…(503) 348-3560 (cell) Client Contact, Mark Pugh, DEQ …..………………(503) 229-5587 (Office) Oregon Accident Response System………………………….(800) 452-0311 Poison Control Center ...... (800) 222-1222 IN EVENT OF EMERGENCY Give the following information: CONTACT 911 FOR HELP AS Where You Are. Address, cross streets, or landmarks SOON AS POSSIBLE Phone Number you are calling from What Happened. Type of injury, accident # How many persons need help What is being done for the victim(s) You hang up last. Let whomever you called hang up first
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SITE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN SUMMARY LOCATION: 4592 Yaquina Bat Rd., Newport, Oregon
PROPOSED DATES OF ACTIVITIES: One week in December 2014.
TYPE OF FACILITY: Former marine vessel manufacturer.
LAND USE OF AREA SURROUNDING FACILITY: Residential.
POTENTIAL SITE CONTAMINANTS: Tri-n-butyltin (TBT); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and metals including chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc.
ROUTES OF ENTRY: Skin contact with sediment and surface water, and incidental ingestion of sediment and surface water.
OTHER SPECIFIC SAFETY HAZARDS: Operating a motor vehicle, work over water (including work on a boat), cold-stress/hypothermia, stinging insects, and heavy lifting.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES: Safety glasses or goggles (if splash hazard exists), Coast Guard approved personal floatation devices (PFDs), rubber work gloves, nitrile gloves, long pants and shirt with minimum 4” sleeve, rain gear, foot protection (e.g., steel-toed boots or shoes with slip-resistant soles, sturdy hiking boots, rubber boots while collecting sediment samples).
AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT: No volatile organic compounds are associated with this project. As such, air monitoring is not required.
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B-4 | Hoy’s Marine
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose and Regulatory Compliance This site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) provides information and procedures for protecting Hart Crowser personnel who handle or contact hazardous substances or may be exposed to physical hazards while collecting sediment samples at the Hoy’s Marine Site located in Newport, Oregon. This HASP is written for the specific site conditions, purposes, dates, and personnel specified herein and will be amended if conditions change.
This HASP is to be used in conjunction with Hart Crowser’s Corporate Accident Prevention Program (APP). Together the APP and this HASP constitute the health and safety plan for this site.
This HASP is to be used by Hart Crowser personnel and must be available on-site throughout the project. It is written for the specific site conditions, purposes, dates, and personnel specified herein. If site conditions, field activities, personnel, dates, or other conditions change over time, this HASP will be updated to address these changes as they occur. Minor changes may be made by pen and ink changes to the HASP field copy. Pen and ink changes will be dated and initialed by the individual updating the HASP. The signed HASP will be retained with the project files upon completion of the project.
1.2 Distribution and Approval This HASP will be made available to all Hart Crowser personnel working at the project site. Hart Crowser workers will read, sign, and return the Record of Health and Safety Communication provided in Attachment A of this HASP to certify their acknowledgement and agreement to comply with the minimum requirements of this HASP.
If subcontractors are used, this HASP will be provided for informational purposes only. In this case, subcontractors will sign the Record of Health and Safety Communication and it will be made clear to the subcontractors that this HASP represents minimum safety procedures for Hart Crowser workers and that Subcontractors are responsible for their own safety while present on the site. Nothing herein will be construed as granting rights to Hart Crowser subcontractors or any others working on this site to use or legally rely on this HASP.
This HASP has been approved by the Hart Crowser Corporate Health and Safety Director.
1.3 Chain of Command The Hart Crowser chain of command for health and safety on this project includes the following individuals:
Corporate Health and Safety Director: Julie Wilson The Hart Crowser Corporate Health and Safety Director has overall responsibility for preparation and modification of this HASP. If health and safety issues arise during site operations, then the Corporate Health and Safety Director will attempt to resolve them with the appropriate members of the project team.
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Hoy’s Marine | B-5
Project Manager: Phil Cordell The Project Manager has overall responsibility for the successful outcome of the project. The Project Manager, in consultation with the Corporate Health and Safety Director, makes final decisions concerning the implementation of this site-specific HASP. The Project Manager may delegate this authority and responsibility to another project worker as needed.
Project Health and Safety Manager: Phil Cordell The Project Site Safety and Health Supervisor has overall responsibility for health and safety on this project and will verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements. This individual will communicate all relevant health and safety issues to Hart Crowser’s workers.
Field Health and Safety Manager: Kaylan Smith/Phil Cordell The Field Health and Safety Manager is responsible for implementing this HASP in the field and for maintaining it at the project site. This individual conducts safety briefings, observes workers to verify that they are following HASP procedures, assures that: proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is available and used in the correct manner; and that employees have knowledge of the local emergency response system. The Field Health and Safety Manager will ensure that field updates are made to this HASP as needed to address changes in field conditions or procedures.
1.4 Work Activities Hart Crowser’s work covered under this HASP includes collecting sediment and shellfish samples from the area adjacent to and upstream (approximately 1 mile) of the Hoy’s Marine Site. Samples will be collected by one to two Hart Crowser employees from an aluminum research vessel using divers and a Van Veen grab sampler. The boat is owned and will be operated by Research Support Services.
The sampling will be completed in two to three days in mid December 2014.
1.5 Site Description The site is located approximately 3 miles southeast of the city of Newport, along the Yaquina River. The site is a former shipyard. Activities associated with the shipyard included shipbuilding, welding, sandblasting, painting, and maintenance. Wastes generated during these operations included paint chips and residue containing heavy metals and TBT, waste paint, and paint thinner. Used oil from various equipment, including cranes and forklifts, was also generated at the site. Site features include a work dock and adjacent shop and office buildings to the south, a moorage dock to the west, and abandoned in-water railway. Previous remediation efforts have addressed previously impacted upland areas of the site, as well as impacted intertidal and subtidal sediment at the site. The intent of this investigation is to determine if previous sediment remediation efforts were successful.
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2.0 HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROL MEASURES
2.1 Hazardous Substances Based on DEQ’s analytical results for sediment samples collected during previous studies, hazardous substances of concern include heavy metals (chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc); PCBs; and TBT.
The potential health hazards of these hazardous substances are summarized in toxicological fact sheets included as Attachment D to this HASP. Some additional information is provided on TBT (a specific form of tin, which is discussed in an Appendix D fact sheet) below. Information provided in the fact sheets covers potential effects that might occur if acute (short-term) and/or chronic exposure (i.e., occurring over a long period of time – more than 1 year) exposures were to happen. This information does not mean that these effects will occur during the work activities conducted by Hart Crowser.
In general, the hazardous substances that may be encountered during sediment sampling at the Hoy’s Marine site are not expected to be present at concentrations or in a form that could produce significant adverse health effects. The types of work activities to be conducted and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) will limit potential exposure.
Tri-n-butyltin (TBT) TBT is the active ingredient of many products that act as biocides against a broad range of organisms. It is primarily used as an antifoulant paint additive on ship and boat hulls, docks, fishnets, and buoys to discourage the growth of marine organisms such as barnacles, bacteria, tubeworms, mussels and algae.
While TBT is very toxic to aquatic organisms, TBT is moderately to slightly toxic to mammals. TBT and dibutyltin have been shown to affect the immune system in animals. Studies in animals have also shown that some organotins can affect the reproductive system. Large doses of TBT have been shown to damage the reproductive and central nervous systems, bone structure, and the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. Humans exposed for a short period of time to some organic tin compounds have experienced skin and eye irritation and neurological problems; exposure to very high amounts may be lethal.
2.2 Potential Exposure Routes Exposure to the hazardous substances listed above could occur by accidental ingestion of and skin contact with potentially contaminated sediments and surface water. To prevent contact with potential contaminants, the Hart Crowser sampling team will wear personal protective equipment specified in Section 3.0 below while sampling or while decontaminating equipment.
Skin and Eye Contact Exposure via this route could occur if contaminated sediment or groundwater contacts the skin, eyes, or clothing. Dusts generated during soil movement may also settle on exposed skin, eyes, and clothing of site workers. Wearing protective clothing and safety glasses, and performing decontamination
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Hoy’s Marine | B-7 activities specified in this plan, will minimize the potential for skin and eye contact with hazardous substances.
Ingestion Exposure via this route could occur if individuals eat, drink, or perform other hand-to-mouth contact during construction oversight activities and soil sample collection. Personal hygiene measures will be implemented to prevent inadvertent ingestion of contaminants, (i.e., workers will wash their hands and faces before eating, drinking, and using tobacco).
Personal hygiene measures will be implemented to further protect workers from potential inhalation and ingestion hazards. Employees will remove their gloves and wash their hands and faces before eating, drinking, or tobacco use.
2.3 Physical Hazards Potential physical hazards associated with the project include: operating motor vehicles; heavy lifting; operating a boat; over water work; heat-related illnesses; cold stress; biological hazards (insects, bloodborne pathogens); and slips, trips, and falls.
Operating Motor Vehicles Hart Crowser personnel are legally licensed to operate vehicles, will wear seat belts at all times when driving, and will obey all rules of the road while engaged in company business.
Hart Crowser employees will comply with all federal, state, and local regulations regarding the use of cellular devices while driving. If a cellular device must be used during vehicle operation, a hands-free device must be used. Under no circumstances is text messaging or any use of a keyboard allowed while operating a vehicle.
Heavy Lifting Field work on this project will require some amount of heavy lifting, e.g., pulling up the sampler holding sediment samples and carrying coolers with samples. Overexertion injuries can occur when a load is being lifted or otherwise handled resulting in injuries to a worker’s back, shoulders, elbows, hands and wrists. Hands and wrists can get injured from the grasping part of lifting. Muscles in the forearm are the ones that are used for grasping, because they attach to the elbow, this joint can get injured when lifting. The shoulder gets injured because that’s where the arms attach to the torso, so any load lifted at the hands is supported by the shoulders as well. This joint is especially at risk of injury from lifts done while reaching above the shoulder or away from the body. Frequent lifting and awkward lifting (i.e., above the shoulders, below the knees, at arms’ length) can also result in injuries.
The best procedures for lifting vary depending on conditions and the size and shape of the object being lifted. A general rule for avoiding injuries is always assess the object and surrounding area before proceeding with lifting, and never attempt to lift an object that is poorly packaged or overly heavy. Before lifting, make sure your path is dry and clear of objects that could cause a fall.
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B-8 | Hoy’s Marine
To lift heavy objects:
Take a deep breath and relax your muscles.
Approach the object, and in a slow, controlled movement, bend your knees (keeping your back straight) until situated in a squatting position.
Grip the object securely with both hands, and when ready, push upward and extend your knees until reaching a standing position, with the object at chest level. Do not lift above your shoulders or below your knees.
Do not twist the back or bend sideways.
Do not continue the lift if it is too heavy.
Walk slowly to the end destination and put down the heavy object using the same slow, controlled movements, all the while keeping your back relatively straight and bending your knees.
Do not lift or lower with arms extended.
Take breaks between lifting each object if necessary.
Never attempt to move any object that seems too heavy to manage alone. Get help from a co- worker as needed.
Workers who need to complete lifts should be in good physical shape. Workers not accustomed to lifting or vigorous exercise should not be assigned difficult lifting or lowering tasks.
Over Water Work Sediment samples will be collected using RSS’s research vessel. Working over water can pose human health and safety risks. In addition to the potential for falling into the water and drowning, safety hazards can include slippery surfaces on the boat and river bank, debris in the river, toxic substances, or pathogens.
At a minimum, the team collecting sediment samples will wear a Coast Guard-approved Personal Flotation Device (PFD) and rubber boots with slip resistant soles. If the water is more than 5 feet deep, one or more Coast Guard approved life rings must be in the immediate vicinity of the work area and readily accessible for rescue in the event a worker falls into the water. The line on the life ring must be at least ¼ inch in diameter, at least 90 feet in length, and have a minimum breaking strength of 500 pounds. The sampling team will inspect their PFD before use. PFDs with broken zippers, buckles, etc., cannot be used.
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Hart Crowser personnel will not jump into the water and attempt to rescue someone that has fallen into the water. Immediately throw the life ring to the person. Call 911 if the person is unable to grasp the life ring or needs medical attention. Watch the person so when rescue gets on the scene they know where they need to start looking.
Operating the Boat No Hart Crowser employee shall operate the boat. RSS has been subcontracting to operate the boat.
The sampling crew will use the “buddy system” with a second person on the boat and a person(s) or on-shore to continuously observe the work.
The sampling crew will ensure that RSS has the following safety equipment available on the boat:
A rescue floatation device;
Fire extinguisher;
Air horn or other sound producing device;
Flare or other vessel distress signaling device; and
First aid kit.
Cold Stress Workers who are exposed to extreme cold or work outdoors in cold and wet environments may be at risk of cold stress or hypothermia. Cold stress, or hypothermia, can result from abnormal cooling of the core body temperature.
Near freezing temperatures are considered factors for cold stress. Project workers will dress appropriately to the weather conditions and pay attention to the signs and symptoms of cold stress and hypothermia. Whenever temperatures drop below normal and as wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave the body. These weather-related conditions may lead to serious health problems.
Signs of Hypothermia Hypothermia is caused by exposure to a cold environment and wind-chill. Wetness or water immersion can play a significant role in causing hypothermia. Typical warning signs of hypothermia include fatigue, weakness, lack of coordination, apathy, and drowsiness. A confused state is a key symptom of hypothermia. Shivering and pallor are usually absent, and the face may appear puffy and pink. Body temperatures be
Treatment of Hypothermia Current medical practice recommends slow re-warming as treatment for hypothermia, followed by professional medical care. This can be accomplished by moving the person into a sheltered area and wrapping them with blankets in a warm room. In emergency situations where core body temperature
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B-10 | Hoy’s Marine falls below 90°F and heated shelter is not available, use a sleeping bag, blankets and/or body heat from another individual to help restore normal body temperature.
Biological Hazards Biological hazards include vector-borne diseases, insects, rodents and wild or stray animals, snakes, and poisonous plants. Vector-borne diseases may be spread to workers by insects, such as mosquitoes, or ticks. When a mosquito or tick bites a worker, it may transfer a disease-causing agent, such as a parasite, bacteria, or virus. Examples of mosquito-borne diseases are West Nile virus and encephalitis. Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fevers are examples of tick-borne diseases. Exposure to biological hazards is possible through contact with insects, soil, water, bird or bat droppings, rodent droppings, and poisonous plants.
Insects Wearing long pants, socks and long-sleeved shirts provides protection from insects. Using insect repellents that contain DEET or Picaridin also provides protection from insects. Insect bites and stings can be treated with over-the-counter products that relieve pain and prevent infection.
Stinging insects include bees, wasps, hornets, and fire ants. Personnel can avoid attracting stinging insects by wearing light-colored clothing and avoiding perfumes or colognes. Should such an insect approach, do not wave wildly and swat blindly - instead use a gentle pushing or brushing motion to deter them.
Bee stings can produce life-threatening allergic reactions. Symptoms include pain, swelling of the throat, redness or discoloration of the wound, itching, hives, decreased consciousness, and labored or noisy breathing. Personnel that are allergic to insect stings should carry an anaphylactic shock kit prescribed by their physician.
Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs) Workers responding to a first-aid incident could be exposed to BBPs, infections microorganisms present in blood and other bodily fluids that can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include but are not limited to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV. Workers exposed to BBPs are at risk for serious or life threatening illnesses. Universal precautions will be followed in the event that BBP exposure is a concern. Universal precautions involve treating all human blood and other potentially infectious materials as a BBP and protecting oneself from exposure. The easiest way to protect oneself from blood and body fluids is to have the injured person treat their own wound if they are conscious and capable of doing so.
If they are unable to take care of themselves, or they need some help, use disposable gloves and eye protection if there is a splash hazard.
If disposable gloves are not available, a plastic bag (trash, shopping, or sandwich) can be used to create a barrier. If performing CPR, always use a pocket mask equipped with a one way valve. After
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Hoy’s Marine | B-11 removing personal protective equipment, wash hands or other affected body parts. Place PPE in a plastic bag, seal the bag, and contact the Corporate Health and Safety Director for further instructions.
If exposed (i.e., BBPs come in to contact with eyes, mouth, nose, open wounds/sores, abrasions, sunburned areas, or acne) to BBPs or other potentially infectious materials, follow the steps below:
Flush the area of the body that was exposed with warm water, and then wash with soap and water. Vigorously scrub all areas. It is the abrasive action of scrubbing that removes the contamination from the skin.
If you have an open cut, squeeze it gently to make it bleed, then wash with soap and water.
Notify your Project Manager or the Corporate Health and Safety Director to document the incident. Identify the source of the exposure.
Get medical counseling (i.e., tested for BBPs, vaccination if needed).
Slips, Trips and Falls The Hart Crowser sampling team will exercise caution to prevent slips on wet walking surfaces and look for and avoid tripping hazards (loose rock, debris). Steel-toed safety boots or sturdy hiking boots with slip-resistant soles should be worn on trails and rubber boots with slip resistant soles should be worn while sampling from the inflatable boat.
Workers must be aware of their surroundings. Pathways and work areas must be kept free of debris and supplies to prevent unsafe walking and working conditions. Changes in elevation such as ruts or holes also present a trip hazard and should be marked if possible. Avoid leaving tools on the ground to help prevents slips, trips, and falls.
Workers should think ahead of time what they'll do if they start to slip or fall so they are prepared for it. If falling, workers should not try to catch themselves; try to avoid landing on your hands, elbows or knees. Landing on the side of your body is much safer. If you start to slide, sometimes you can stop the slide with a hiking pole, or by hanging on to a tree. If walking on a slope where you know you are going to slide, lowering your center of gravity, by sitting down and sliding on your feet or bottom, is safer. If sliding while standing up keep your weight over your feet and bend your knees--do not lean back or forward while sliding.
Fall protection is not expected for this project. Fall protection is required for any walking surface of 4 feet or higher; a fall protection work plan is required for any fall hazard of 10 feet or higher. If there is a fall hazard of 4 feet or more on a hazardous slope (i.e., a slope where normal footing cannot be maintained without the use of devices due to the pitch of the surface, weather conditions, or surface material) a personal fall restraint system or positioning device system is required. Work will not be performed on excessively steep slopes (>75 percent) or near vertical drop-offs without fall protection.
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2.5 Hazard Analysis and Applicable Safety Procedures by Task The tasks and associated hazards that may be anticipated during the work activities described in this HASP and associated control measures are presented in the following table.
Table 2 -Hazard Analysis by Task Work Task Potential Hazards Protective Measures Intertidal Sampling Slips, trips and falls, heavy lifting, Level D PPE (see Section 3.0), PFDs, getting stuck in the mud, falling into the safe lifting practices, assistance from water. others when “launching” the boat Sediment sample collection Skin contact with contaminated Coast Guard approved PFD, “buddy” sediment, wet surfaces on ground and system, hydration, Level D PPE (see boat, drowning Section 3.0)
3.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT When field work is performed in contaminated areas, the primary objective is to minimize worker exposure to the maximum extent practicable using engineering controls (e.g., ventilation, work upwind or away from contaminated materials, wetting soil to reduce dust). If engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being implemented, workers will wear specified personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize potential exposure to hazardous substances.
Contact with hazardous substances at harmful levels is not expected for this project therefore PPE for this project is based on Level D requirements. Conditions requiring Level A, B or C protection are not anticipated for this project. Should they occur, work will stop and the HASP will be amended as required prior to resuming work.
Table 3 presents a summary of the minimum PPE requirements for the Hart Crowser sampling team based on the potential routes of contact and the potential hazardous substances.
Table 3 - Minimum Personnel Protection Level Requirementse Potential Route Required Eye Head Foot Hand of Contact: Types Protection Protectiona Protectionb Protectionc Protectiond of Contaminants Level None Anticipated Level D(a) X X X Minor Skin Contact Level D(a) X X X X Possible Notes: a. Safety glasses. Safety goggles if there is a splash hazard. b. Hard hat or equivalent is required where risk of striking overhead objects or falling objects (e.g., rock) exists. c. Steel-toes boots or sturdy hiking boots with slip resistant soles while on trails or river bank and while lifting the inflatable rubber boat. Rubber boots with slip resistant soles while in the boat collecting samples. d. Nitrile and/or work gloves. e. Level D protection required when atmosphere contains no known hazard and work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals.
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3.1 Level D Activities The Hart Crowser sampling team will not be performing activities where skin contact with free phase product or contaminated materials is unlikely and inhalation risks are not expected. These workers will wear regular work clothes (long pants, shirt with minimum 4” sleeve), eye protection(safety glasses or goggles); hand protection (nitrile gloves or neoprene-coated work gloves); steel-toed, sturdy hiking boots or shoes; or rubber boots with slip-resistant soles.
4.0 SAFETY SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT LIST The following safety supplies and equipment must be available on site:
Fire Extinguisher - 10 lb. ABC;
First Aid Kit contained within a sturdy weatherproof carrying case;
Bottled sterile hand-held eyewash solution;
Mobile Telephone;
Gortex (or similar) rainsuit;
Coast Guard approved PFDs;
Foot protection - steel-toed or sturdy hiking boots with slip-resistant soles;
Hand protection – Nitrile outer gloves/Nitrile inner gloves or neoprene-coated work gloves; and
Eye protection - safety glasses or safety goggles if a splash hazard is present.
All non-disposable safety gear and PPE must be cleaned following use and stored in a secure manner to avoid damage. Avoid storing gear in direct sunlight or exposed to weather conditions. Safety equipment and PPE should be checked before use and damaged or worn out gear should be disposed of and replaced.
5.0 SITE CONTROL Field work for this project consists primarily of low-impact sampling activities that will not result in the migration of contaminants or increased exposure to human health or the environment. Therefore, formal exclusion zones, contaminant reduction zones, and support zones are not necessary for this field work.
Although a formal contaminant reduction zone is not necessary, project workers will use precautions during sampling activities. The amount of equipment and number of personnel allowed in sampling areas will be minimized and the amount of samples collected should not exceed what is needed for laboratory analysis.
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B-14 | Hoy’s Marine
6.0 DECONTAMINATION Decontamination for this project is limited to decontaminating sampling equipment by rinsing it in the river.
Hart Crowser field workers will practice good hygiene by washing their hands and face prior to taking rest breaks, drinking liquids, etc. They will also wash their hands and face fully before eating, using tobacco, or as soon as possible upon leaving a work area.
7.0 SITE SECURITY Security at the Hoy’s Marine Site will be the responsibility of the Field Health and Safety Manager. Any security problems will be reported to the appropriate authorities, and to the client.
8.0 SPILL CONTAINMENT Sources of bulk chemical subject to spillage are not expected for this project. Accordingly, a spill containment plan is not required for this project.
9.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN This Emergency Response Plan outlines the steps necessary for appropriate response to emergency situations that could reasonably occur during Hart Crowser’s work at Hoy’s Marine Site. The following paragraphs summarize the key emergency responses for this project.
9.1 Plan Content and Review The principal hazards addressed by this Plan include the following: fire, medical emergencies, and situations such as inadequate PPE for the hazards present. However, to help anticipate potential emergency situations, field personnel will exercise caution and look for signs of potentially hazardous situations, including the following as examples:
General physical hazards (slippery or uneven surfaces, inclement weather, and over water work); Poisonous plants or dangerous animals; and Underground pipelines or cables; Live electrical wires or equipment;
These and other potential conditions should be anticipated and steps taken to prevent problems before they occur.
This Emergency Response Plan will be reviewed and rehearsed, as necessary, during the on-site health and safety briefing. This ensures that all personnel will know what their duties are if an emergency occurs.
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9.2 Plan Implementation The Field Health and Safety Manager will evaluate the situation and act as the lead individual in the event of an emergency. That individual will determine the need to implement the emergency response, in concert with other resource personnel including client representatives, the Project Manager, and the Corporate Health and Safety Director. Other on-site field personnel will assist the Field Health and Safety Manager as needed during an emergency.
In the event the Plan is implemented, the Field Health and Safety Manager or designee is responsible for alerting all personnel at the affected area by use of a signal device (such as a hand-held air horn) or visual or shouted instructions, as appropriate.
The Field Health and Safety Manager will identify a safe assembly area for workers to gather if it is necessary to evacuate the area and will communicate this location to workers during the on-site health and safety briefing. The “buddy” system will be employed during evacuation to ensure safe evacuation. The Field Health and Safety Manager is responsible for roll call at the assembly area to account for all personnel. As only one Hart Crowser worker may be on-site, a buddy system will be established with other contractors or subcontractors.
9.3 Emergency Response Contacts Emergency contact information is provided in this HASP (see Page 1). A copy of this HASP will be maintained at the project site. Emergency information includes the following:
Emergency Telephone Numbers; and
Route to Nearest Hospital (Figure 1)
Site Description (Section 1.5)
It is not expected that a significant environmental release of contaminants would occur from work activities subject to this HASP. In the unlikely event this were to occur, the Field Health and Safety Manager will contact the Project Manager or Corporate Health and Safety Director to make any required notifications.
In the event of an emergency situation requiring implementation of the Emergency Response Plan (fire, serious injury, inadequate personal protection equipment for the hazards present, etc.), Hart Crowser will cease all work immediately , pending approval from the Field Health and Safety Manager to restart work. The following general emergency actions should be followed.
9.4 Fires Hart Crowser, personnel may attempt to control only very small fires. If an explosion appears likely, Hart Crowser field workers will evacuate the area immediately. If a fire occurs that cannot be controlled a 10-pound ABC fire extinguisher, immediate intervention by the local fire department or other appropriate agency is imperative. Use these steps:
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B-16 | Hoy’s Marine
Immediately call 911;
Evacuate to a safe area away from the danger to a previously agreed upon, upwind location; and
Inform the Project Manager or Field Health and Safety Manager of the situation.
9.5 Medical Emergencies Hart Crowser staff will call 911 immediately if a medical emergency (serious injury or worker is unconscious) occurs. If in doubt about the severity of an accident or exposure, always seek medical attention as a conservative approach. The Field Health and Safety Manager will notify the Project Manager of the outcome of the medical incident as soon as possible.
No Hart Crowser employees are trained to perform rescue duties or medical duties beyond basic CPR and first aid. Hart Crowser employees certified in CPR and first aid may respond to work-related incidents requiring first aid services. First aid will be the treatment for minor cuts and bruises as needed. When rendering first aid, Hart Crowser will take necessary precautions to avoid exposure to BBPs. Section 2.4, Physical Hazards, of this HASP provides information on BBPs and precautions for avoiding exposure.
9.6 Uncontrolled Contaminant Release Sources of bulk chemicals subject to spillage are not expected to be encountered in this project. Accordingly, a spill containment plan is not required for this project.
9.7 Potentially High Chemical Exposure Situations Work activities for this project do not present the potential for high chemical exposure situations.
10.0 NOTIFICATION AND REPORTING The Project Manager will be informed immediately in the event that an emergency, accidents, or injuries occur at the project location. The Project Manager will notify the client immediately. The Field Health and Safety Manager will notify the Corporate Health and Safety Director as soon as possible after the situation has been stabilized. The Project Manager or Corporate Health and Safety Director will notify the appropriate client contacts, and regulatory agencies, if applicable. If an individual is injured or suffers a work-related illness, the Field Health and Safety Manager or designee will complete an Injury/Accident Report and submit it to Human Resources or the Corporate Health and Safety Director within 24 hours. A blank report is provided as Attachment B.
The Project Manager, the Field Health and Safety Manager, and the Corporate Health and Safety Director will evaluate emergency response following the incident. The results of the evaluation will be used in follow-up training exercises to improve the Emergency Response Plan.
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Hoy’s Marine | B-17
11.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE Hart Crowser employees working on this project participate in a medical surveillance programs as described in Section 11 of Hart Crowser’s Accident Prevention Program.
12.0 SAFETY TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Hart Crowser employees who perform work at sites where there is potential for exposure to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards will have completed 40 hours of hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER) training and 3 days of supervised field experience. In addition, employees will have completed an 8 hour annual refresher training within the past 12 months or will possess equivalent documented training by past experience. Site supervisors will have completed 8 hours of HAZWOPER supervisor training. The Project Manager will ensure that all employees working on this site have completed required HAZWOPER training. The Hart Crowser Safety Records Coordinator maintains employee health and safety training records.
Some tasks require additional safety training to ensure the task can be performed safely, without injury or property damage and in compliance with safety regulations. Examples include entering confined spaces, wearing a respirator, operating equipment or machinery, working at heights, handling or using hazardous substances, working in outdoor heat, etc. Safety training requirements are specified in Section 7.2 of the Hart Crowser Accident Prevention Program. Hart Crowser personnel will complete hazard specific safety training as needed based on the tasks to be performed.
Prior to the start of each work day, the Field Health and Safety Manager will review applicable health and safety issues with Hart Crowser employees. These briefings will also review the work to be accomplished and allow an opportunity for questions to be asked. The Field Health and Safety Report (Attachment C) will be completed daily by the Hart Crowser Field Health and Safety Manager or designated individual.
13.0 REPORTING, REPORTS, AND DOCUMENTATION All incidents (accidents, injuries, near misses) that occur during field work on this project will be reported to the Project Manager immediately. The Project Manager will notify the client and the Corporate Health and Safety Director.
The Field Health and Safety Manager is responsible for maintaining records that demonstrate the provisions of this HASP are implemented throughout the course of this project.
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ATTACHMENT A Record of Health and Safety Communication
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014
Record of Health and Safety Communication*
PROJECT NAME: Hoy’s Marine Sediment Investigation PROJECT NUMBER: 15210-01 SITE CONTAMINANTS: Tri-n-butyltin (TBT); polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and metals including chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc.
PPE REQUIREMENTS (check all that apply): X Eye Protection X Gloves (specify) Nitrile, Neoprene-coated work gloves X Foot Protection X Clothing (specify) Long pants, shirt with minimum 4” sleeve X Head Protection Respirator (specify)
X Other (specify) PFDs
The following personnel have reviewed a copy of the Site-specific Health and Safety Plan. By signing below, these personnel indicate that they have read the plan, including all referenced information, and that they understand the requirements which are detailed for this project. PRINTED NAME SIGNATURE PROJECT DUTIES DATE
*PROJECT MANAGER: PLEASE ROUTE A COPY OF THIS FORM TO THE JOB FILES WHEN COMPLETED.
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ATTACHMENT B Injury/Accident Report
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014
ATTACHMENT C Field Health and Safety Report
15210-02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Hoy’s Marine Newport, Oregon Job No. Field Health & Safety Report Date S M T W Th F S 15210-02 December 2014 Arrival Time: Appendix Departure Time: C
Job Location Client Field Representative Project Manager Field H&S Manager Project H&S Manager Names of personnel on site
Site Activities
Potential Hazards
Hazard Control Used
Protective Measures Taken
Comments of Observations
F:\Data\Jobs\DEQ\15210-02 Hoy's Marine\Task 3 - Work Plan-Proc Documents\Work Plan\Apdx B\AttC - Field_HS_Report_12_01_2014.docx December 1, 2014 Version 0.0 Sketch position of equipment relative to exploration (attach separate diagram if needed) Indicate monitoring point(s) and prevailing wind direction Exploration No.
F:\Data\Jobs\DEQ\15210-02 Hoy's Marine\Task 3 - Work Plan-Proc Documents\Work Plan\Apdx B\AttC - Field_HS_Report_12_01_2014.docx December 1, 2014 Version 0.0 Air Monitoring Log
Meter Number 1, Type Calibrated Checked Meter Number 2, Type Calibrated Checked Background Reading: Meter 1 Meter 2
Time Meter 1 Meter 2 Comments
F:\Data\Jobs\DEQ\15210-02 Hoy's Marine\Task 3 - Work Plan-Proc Documents\Work Plan\Apdx B\AttC - Field_HS_Report_12_01_2014.docx December 1, 2014 Version 0.0
ATTACHMENT D Chromium, Copper, Nickel, PCBs, Tributyltin, and Zinc ATSDR ToxFacts Reports
15210‐02/Task 3 December 2, 2014 Chromium - ToxFAQs™ CAS # 7440-47-3
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about chromium. For more information, call the CDC Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to chromium occurs from ingesting contaminated food or drinking water or breathing contaminated workplace air. Chromium(VI) at high levels can damage the nose and cause cancer. Ingesting high levels of chromium(VI) may result in anemia or damage to the stomach or intestines. Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient. Chromium has been found in at least 1,127 of the 1,669 National Priorities List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is chromium? •• Drinking contaminated well water. Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, •• Living near uncontrolled hazardous waste animals, plants, and soil. It can exist in several different sites containing chromium or industries that forms. Depending on the form it takes, it can be a liquid, use chromium. solid, or gas. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is How can chromium affect my health? associated with chromium compounds. Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient that helps the body use sugar, protein, and fat. The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) Breathing high levels of chromium(VI) can cause irritation are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and tanning, and wood preserving. breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. The concentrations of chromium What happens to chromium when it in air that can cause these effects may be different for enters the environment? different types of chromium compounds, with effects occurring at much lower concentrations for chromium(VI) •• Chromium can be found in air, soil, and water after compared to chromium(III). release from the manufacture, use, and disposal of chromium-based products, and during the The main health problems seen in animals following manufacturing process. ingestion of chromium(VI) compounds are irritation and •• Chromium does not usually remain in the ulcers in the stomach and small intestine and anemia. atmosphere, but is deposited into the soil and water. Chromium(III) compounds are much less toxic and do not appear to cause these problems. •• Chromium can easily change from one form to another in water and soil, depending on the Sperm damage and damage to the male reproductive conditions present. system have also been seen in laboratory animals exposed to chromium(VI). •• Fish do not accumulate much chromium in their bodies from water. Skin contact with certain chromium(VI) compounds can cause skin ulcers. Some people are extremely sensitive How might I be exposed to chromium? tochromium(VI) or chromium(III). Allergic reactions •• Eating food containing chromium(III). consisting of severe redness and swelling of the skin have been noted. •• Breathing contaminated workplace air or skin contact during use in the workplace.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Health Human Sciences
CS249955-M Chromium
CAS # 7440-47-3
How likely is chromium to cause cancer? Is there a medical test to determine The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), whether I’ve been exposed to chromium? the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Since chromium(III) is an essential element and naturally and the EPA have determined that chromium(VI) occurs in food, there will always be some level of compounds are known human carcinogens. chromium in your body. Chromium can be measured in hair, urine, and blood. In workers, inhalation of chromium(VI) has been shown to cause lung cancer. Chromium(VI) also causes lung cancer Higher than normal levels of chromium in blood or in animals. An increase in stomach tumors was observed urine may indicate that a person has been exposed in humans and animals exposed to chromium(VI) in to chromium. However, increases in blood and urine drinking water. chromium levels cannot be used to predict the kind of health effects that might develop from that exposure. How can chromium affect children? It is likely that health effects seen in children exposed to Has the federal government made high amounts of chromium will be similar to the effects recommendations to protect seen in adults. human health? We do not know if exposure to chromium will result in The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level of birth defects or other developmental effects in people. 0.1 mg/L for total chromium in drinking water. Some developmental effects have been observed in The FDA has determined that the chromium animals exposed to chromium(VI). concentration in bottled drinking water should not How can families reduce the risk of exceed 0.1 mg/L. exposure to chromium? The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) has limited workers’ exposure to an average of •• Children should avoid playing in soils near 0.005 mg/m3 chromium(VI), 0.5 mg/m3 chromium(III), uncontrolled hazardous waste sites where chromium and 1.0 mg/m3 chromium(0) for an 8-hour workday, may have been discarded. 40-hour workweek. •• Chromium is a component of tobacco smoke. Avoid smoking in enclosed spaces like inside the home or References car in order to limit exposure to children and other Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). family members. 2012. Toxicological Profile for Chromium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. •• Although chromium(III) is an essential nutrient, you Department of Health and Human Services, should avoid excessive use of dietary supplements Public Health Service. containing chromium.
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-800-232-4636 ToxFAQsTM Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
October 2012 Page 2 of 2 COPPER CAS # 7440-50-8
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM September 2004
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about copper. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Copper is a metal that occurs naturally in the environment, and also in plants and animals. Low levels of copper are essential for maintaining good health. High levels can cause harmful effects such as irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, and even death. Copper has been found in at least 906 of the 1,647 National Priority Sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is copper? compounds can break down and release free copper into the air, water, and foods. Copper is a metal that occurs naturally throughout the environment, in rocks, soil, water, and air. Copper is an essential element in plants and animals (including humans), How might I be exposed to copper? which means it is necessary for us to live. Therefore, plants ‘ You may be exposed to copper from breathing air, and animals must absorb some copper from eating, drinking, drinking water, eating foods, or having skin contact with and breathing. copper, particulates attached to copper, or copper-containing compounds. Copper is used to make many different kinds of products like ‘ Drinking water may have high levels of copper if your wire, plumbing pipes, and sheet metal. U.S. pennies made house has copper pipes and acidic water. before 1982 are made of copper, while those made after 1982 ‘ Lakes and rivers that have been treated with copper are only coated with copper. Copper is also combined with compounds to control algae, or that receive cooling water other metals to make brass and bronze pipes and faucets. from power plants, can have high levels of copper. Soils can also contain high levels of copper, especially if they are near Copper compounds are commonly used in agriculture to copper smelting plants. treat plant diseases like mildew, for water treatment and, as ‘ You may be exposed to copper by ingesting copper- preservatives for wood, leather, and fabrics. containing fungicides, or if you live near a copper mine or where copper is processed into bronze or brass. What happens to copper when it enters the ‘ You may be exposed to copper if you work in copper environment? mines or if you grind metals containing copper. ‘ Copper is released into the environment by mining, farming, and manufacturing operations and through waste How can copper affect my health? water releases into rivers and lakes. Copper is also released Everyone must absorb small amounts of copper every day from natural sources, like volcanoes, windblown dusts, because copper is essential for good health. High levels of decaying vegetation, and forest fires. copper can be harmful. Breathing high levels of copper can ‘ Copper released into the environment usually attaches to cause irritation of your nose and throat. Ingesting high particles made of organic matter, clay, soil, or sand. levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. ‘ Copper does not break down in the environment. Copper Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 COPPER CAS # 7440-50-8
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
How likely is copper to cause cancer? Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been We do not know whether copper can cause cancer in exposed to copper? humans. The EPA has determined that copper is not Copper is found throughout the body; in hair, nails, blood, classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. urine, and other tissues. High levels of copper in these samples can show that you have been exposed to higher- How can copper affect children? than normal levels of copper. These tests cannot tell Exposure to high levels of copper will result in the same type whether you will experience harmful effects. Tests to of effects in children and adults. We do not know if these measure copper levels in the body are not usually available effects would occur at the same dose level in children and at a doctor’s office because they require special equipment, adults. Studies in animals suggest that the young children but the doctor can send samples to a specialty laboratory. may have more severe effects than adults, but we don’t know if this would also be true in humans. There is a very Has the federal government made small percentage of infants and children who are unusually recommendations to protect human health? sensitive to copper. The EPA requires that levels of copper in drinking water be We do not know if copper can cause birth defects or other less than 1.3 mg of copper per one liter of drinking water developmental effects in humans. Studies in animals suggest (1.3 mg/L). that high levels of copper may cause a decrease in fetal growth. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has set the recommended daily allowance for copper at 900 micrograms of copper per day (µg/day) for people older than eight years old. How can families reduce the risk of exposure to copper? The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The most likely place to be exposed to copper is through requires that levels of copper in the air in workplaces not drinking water, especially if your water is corrosive and you exceed 0.1 mg of copper fumes per cubic meter of air have copper pipes in your house. The best way to lower the (0.1 mg/m3) and 1.0 mg/m3 for copper dusts. level of copper in your drinking water is to let the water run for at least 15 seconds first thing in the morning before Reference drinking or using it. This reduces the levels of copper in tap Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry water dramatically. (ATSDR). 2004. Toxicological Profile for Copper. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public If you work with copper, wear the necessary protective Health Service. clothing and equipment, and always follow safety procedures. Shower and change your clothes before going home each day.
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422 8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper NICKEL CAS # 7440-02-0
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM August 2005
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about nickel. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Nickel is a naturally occurring element. Pure nickel is a hard, silvery-white metal used to make stainless steel and other metal alloys. Skin effects are the most common effects in people who are sensitive to nickel. Workers who breathed very large amounts of nickel compounds developed chronic bronchitis and lung and nasal sinus cancers. Nickel has been found in at least 882 of the 1,662 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is nickel? ‘ Nickel released in industrial waste water ends up in soil Nickel is a very abundant natural element. Pure nickel is a or sediment where it strongly attaches to particles containing hard, silvery-white metal. Nickel can be combined with other iron or manganese. metals, such as iron, copper, chromium, and zinc, to form ‘ Nickel does not appear to accumulate in fish or in other alloys. These alloys are used to make coins, jewelry, and animals used as food. items such as valves and heat exchangers. Most nickel is used to make stainless steel. How might I be exposed to nickel? Nickel can combine with other elements such as chlorine, ‘ By eating food containing nickel, which is the major sulfur, and oxygen to form nickel compounds. Many nickel source of exposure for most people. compounds dissolve fairly easy in water and have a green ‘ By skin contact with soil, bath or shower water, or metals color. Nickel compounds are used for nickel plating, to color containing nickel, as well as by handling coins or touching ceramics, to make some batteries, and as substances known jewelry containing nickel. as catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions. ‘ By drinking water that contains small amounts of nickel. Nickel is found in all soil and is emitted from volcanoes. ‘ By breathing air or smoking tobacco containing nickel. Nickel is also found in meteorites and on the ocean floor. ‘ Higher exposure may occur if you work in industries that Nickel and its compounds have no characteristic odor or process or use nickel. taste. How can nickel affect my health? What happens to nickel when it enters the The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans environment? is an allergic reaction. Approximately 10-20% of the ‘ Nickel is released into the atmosphere by industries that population is sensitive to nickel. People can become make or use nickel, nickel alloys, or nickel compounds. It is sensitive to nickel when jewelry or other things containing it also released into the atmosphere by oil-burning power are in direct contact with the skin for a long time. Once a plants, coal-burning power plants, and trash incinerators. person is sensitized to nickel, further contact with the metal ‘ In the air, it attaches to small particles of dust that settle may produce a reaction. The most common reaction is a to the ground or are taken out of the air in rain or snow; this skin rash at the site of contact. The skin rash may also usually takes many days. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 NICKEL CAS # 7440-02-0
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html occur at a site away from the site of contact. Less decreased newborn weight after ingesting very high amounts frequently, some people who are sensitive to nickel have of nickel. Nickel can be transferred from the mother to an asthma attacks following exposure to nickel. Some sensitized infant in breast milk and can cross the placenta. people react when they consume food or water containing nickel or breathe dust containing it. How can families reduce the risks of exposure to People working in nickel refineries or nickel-processing plants nickel? have experienced chronic bronchitis and reduced lung ‘ Avoiding jewelry containing nickel will eliminate risks of function. These persons breathed amounts of nickel much exposure to this source of the metal. higher than levels found normally in the environment. ‘ Exposures of the general population from other sources, Workers who drank water containing high amounts of nickel such as foods and drinking water, are almost always too low had stomach ache and suffered adverse effects to their blood to be of concern. and kidneys. Damage to the lung and nasal cavity has been observed in rats and mice breathing nickel compounds. Eating or Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve drinking large amounts of nickel has caused lung disease in been exposed to nickel? dogs and rats and has affected the stomach, blood, liver, There are tests available to measure nickel in your blood, kidneys, and immune system in rats and mice, as well as their feces, and urine. More nickel was measured in the urine of reproduction and development. workers who were exposed to nickel compounds that dissolve easily in water than in the urine of workers exposed to nickel compounds that are hard to dissolve. This means that it is How likely is nickel to cause cancer? easier to tell if you have been exposed to soluble nickel Cancers of the lung and nasal sinus have resulted when compounds than less-soluble compounds. The nickel workers breathed dust containing high levels of nickel measurements do not accurately predict potential health compounds while working in nickel refineries or nickel effects from exposure to nickel. processing plants. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that nickel metal may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen and that nickel Has the federal government made compounds are known human carcinogens. The recommendations to protect human health? International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has The EPA recommends that drinking water should contain no determined that some nickel compounds are carcinogenic to more than 0.1 milligrams of nickel per liter of water (0.1 mg/L). humans and that metallic nickel may possibly be To protect workers, the Occupational Safety and Health carcinogenic to humans. The EPA has determined that nickel Administration (OSHA) has set a limit of 1 mg of nickel per refinery dust and nickel subsulfide are human carcinogens. cubic meter of air (1 mg/m3) for metallic nickel and nickel compounds in workplace air during an 8-hour workday, 40- How can nickel affect children? hour workweek. It is likely that the health effects seen in children exposed to nickel will be similar to those seen in adults. We do not References know whether children differ from adults in their Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). susceptibility to nickel. Human studies that examined 2005. Toxicological Profile for Nickel (Update). Atlanta, GA: whether nickel can harm the fetus are inconclusive. Animal U.S. Department of Public Health and Human Services, Public studies have found increases in newborn deaths and Health Service.
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422- 8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper Polychlorinated Biphenyls - ToxFAQs™
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about polychlorinated biphenyls. For more information, CAS # call the CDC Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It’s important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
HIGHLIGHTS: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a mixture of individual chemicals which are no longer produced in the United States, but are still found in the environment. Health effects that have been associated with exposure to PCBs include acne-like skin conditions in adults and neurobehavioral and immunological changes in children. PCBs are known to cause cancer in animals. PCBs have been found in at least 500 of the 1,598 National Priorities List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What are polychlorinated biphenyls? •• PCBs are taken up by small organisms and fish in water. They are also taken up by other animals that eat these Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of up to 209 individual aquatic animals as food. PCBs accumulate in fish and chlorinated compounds (known as congeners). There are no marine mammals, reaching levels that may be many known natural sources of PCBs. PCBs are either oily liquids or thousands of times higher than in water. solids that are colorless to light yellow. Some PCBs can exist as a vapor in air. PCBs have no known smell or taste. Many How might I be exposed to PCBs? commercial PCB mixtures are known in the U.S. by the trade •• Using old fluorescent lighting fixtures and electrical name Aroclor. devices and appliances, such as television sets and PCBs have been used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, refrigerators, that were made 30 or more years ago. capacitors, and other electrical equipment because they don’t These items may leak small amounts of PCBs into the burn easily and are good insulators. The manufacture of PCBs air when they get hot during operation, and could be a was stopped in the U.S. in 1977 because of evidence they build source of skin exposure. up in the environment and can cause harmful health effects. •• Eating contaminated food. The main dietary sources Products made before 1977 that may contain PCBs include old of PCBs are fish (especially sportfish caught in fluorescent lighting fixtures and electrical devices containing contaminated lakes or rivers), meat, and dairy products. PCB capacitors, and old microscope and hydraulic oils. •• Breathing air near hazardous waste sites and drinking What happens to PCBs when they enter contaminated well water. the environment? •• In the workplace during repair and maintenance of •• PCBs entered the air, water, and soil during their PCB transformers; accidents, fires or spills involving manufacture, use, and disposal; from accidental spills transformers, fluorescent lights, and other old electrical and leaks during their transport; and from leaks or fires in devices; and disposal of PCB materials. products containing PCBs. How can PCBs affect my health? •• PCBs can still be released to the environment from hazardous waste sites; illegal or improper disposal of The most commonly observed health effects in people industrial wastes and consumer products; leaks from old exposed to large amounts of PCBs are skin conditions such electrical transformers containing PCBs; and burning of as acne and rashes. Studies in exposed workers have shown some wastes in incinerators. changes in blood and urine that may indicate liver damage. PCB exposures in the general population are not likely to •• PCBs do not readily break down in the environment and result in skin and liver effects. Most of the studies of health thus may remain there for very long periods of time. PCBs effects of PCBs in the general population examined children can travel long distances in the air and be deposited in of mothers who were exposed to PCBs. areas far away from where they were released. In water, a small amount of PCBs may remain dissolved, but most stick Animals that ate food containing large amounts of PCBs to organic particles and bottom sediments. PCBs also bind for short periods of time had mild liver damage and some strongly to soil. died. Animals that ate smaller amounts of PCBs in food over
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Health Human Sciences
CS249955-AC Polychlorinated Biphenyls
several weeks or months developed various kinds of health effects, •• Children should be discouraged from playing CASin the # including anemia; acne-like skin conditions; and liver, stomach, dirt near hazardous waste sites and in areas where and thyroid gland injuries. Other effects of PCBs in animals there was a transformer fire. Children should also be include changes in the immune system, behavioral alterations, and discouraged from eating dirt and putting dirty hands, impaired reproduction. PCBs are not known to cause birth defects. toys or other objects in their mouths, and should wash How likely are PCBs to cause cancer? hands frequently. •• If you are exposed to PCBs in the workplace it is Few studies of workers indicate that PCBs were associated with possible to carry them home on your clothes, body, certain kinds of cancer in humans, such as cancer of the liver and or tools. If this is the case, you should shower and biliary tract. Rats that ate food containing high levels of PCBs for change clothing before leaving work, and your work two years developed liver cancer. The Department of Health and clothes should be kept separate from other clothes and Human Services (DHHS) has concluded that PCBs may reasonably laundered separately. be anticipated to be carcinogens. PCBs have been classified as probably carcinogenic, and carcinogenic to humans (group 1) Is there a medical test to show whether by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and International I’ve been exposed to PCBs? Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), respectively. Tests exist to measure levels of PCBs in your blood, body How can PCBs affect children? fat, and breast milk, but these are not routinely conducted. Women who were exposed to relatively high levels of PCBs in the Most people normally have low levels of PCBs in their body workplace or ate large amounts of fish contaminated with PCBs because nearly everyone has been environmentally exposed had babies that weighed slightly less than babies from women to PCBs. The tests can show if your PCB levels are elevated, who did not have these exposures. Babies born to women who ate which would indicate past exposure to above-normal levels PCB-contaminated fish also showed abnormal responses in tests of of PCBs, but cannot determine when or how long you were infant behavior. Some of these behaviors, such as problems with exposed or whether you will develop health effects. motor skills and a decrease in short-term memory, lasted for several Has the federal government made years. Other studies suggest that the immune system was affected recommendations to protect in children born to and nursed by mothers exposed to increased levels of PCBs. There are no reports of structural birth defects human health? caused by exposure to PCBs or of health effects of PCBs in older The EPA has set a limit of 0.0005 milligrams of PCBs per children. The most likely way infants will be exposed to PCBs is from liter of drinking water (0.0005 mg/L). Discharges, spills or breast milk. Transplacental transfers of PCBs were also reported In accidental releases of 1 pound or more of PCBs into the most cases, the benefits of breast-feeding outweigh any risks from environment must be reported to the EPA. The Food and exposure to PCBs in mother’s milk. Drug Administration (FDA) requires that infant foods, eggs, milk and other dairy products, fish and shellfish, poultry How can families reduce the risks of and red meat contain no more than 0.2-3 parts of PCBs exposure to PCBs? per million parts (0.2-3 ppm) of food. Many states have •• You and your children may be exposed to PCBs by established fish and wildlife consumption advisories for PCBs. eating fish or wildlife caught from contaminated locations. References Certain states, Native American tribes, and U.S. territories have issued advisories to warn people about PCB-contaminated Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). fish and fish-eating wildlife. You can reduce your family’s 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls exposure to PCBs by obeying these advisories. (PCBs). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. •• Children should be told not play with old appliances, electrical equipment, or transformers, since they may contain PCBs.
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-800-232-4636. ToxFAQsTM Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/index.asp. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
July 2014 Page 2 of 2 TIN AND TIN COMPOUNDS
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM August 2005
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about tin and tin compounds. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because these substances may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: The main route of exposure to tin and tin compounds is by eating food contaminated with these compounds. Swallowing large amounts of inorganic tin compounds may cause stomachache, anemia, and liver and kidney problems. Humans exposed for a short period of time to some organic tin compounds have experienced skin and eye irritation and neurological problems; exposure to very high amounts may be lethal. Metallic tin and inorganic tin compounds have been found in at least 214 of the 1,662 National Priority List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Organic tin compounds have been identified in at least 8 of the NPL sites. What are tin and tin compounds? degraded to inorganic tin compounds by sunlight and Tin is a natural element in the earth's crust. It is a soft, bacteria. white, silvery metal that does not dissolve in water. It is ‘ In the atmosphere, tin exists as gases and fumes, and present in brass, bronze, pewter, and some soldering attaches to dust particles. Particles in the air containing tin materials. Tin metal is used to line cans for food, beverages, may be transported by wind or washed out of the air by rain and aerosols. or snow. Tin can combine with other chemicals to form compounds. ‘ Inorganic tin binds to soil and to sediments in water. Combinations with chemicals like chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen Some inorganic tin compounds dissolve in water. are called inorganic tin compounds (i.e., stannous chloride, ‘ Organic tin compounds stick to soil sediment, and stannous sulfide, stannic oxide). These are used in particles in water. toothpaste, perfumes, soaps, food additives and dyes. Tin ‘ The time each organic tin compound stays in water and also can combine with carbon to form organotin compounds soil differs for each compound. In water it may range from (i.e., dibutyltin, tributyltin, triphenyltin). These compounds days to weeks and in soil it may be years. are used to make plastics, food packages, plastic pipes, ‘ Organic tin compounds can build up in fish, other pesticides, paints, and pest repellents. organisms, and plants. Tin metal, and inorganic and organic tin compounds can be How might I be exposed to tin and tin found in the air, water, and soil near places where they are compounds? naturally present in the rocks, or where they are mined, ‘ Eating food or drinking liquids from tin-lined cans (today manufactured, or used. greater than 90% of tin-lined cans used for food are What happens to tin and tin compounds when they protected with lacquer). enter the environment? ‘ Breathing air or touching dusts that contains tin in the ‘ Tin is released into the environment by both natural workplace or near hazardous waste sites. processes and human activities, such as mining, coal and ‘ Exposure to some organotins can occur by eating oil combustion, and the production and use of tin seafood from coastal waters or from contact with household compounds. Metallic tin released to the environment will products that contain organotin compounds (i.e., some quickly form inorganic tin compounds. plastics). ‘ Inorganic tin cannot be destroyed in the environment; it How can tin and tin compounds affect my health? can only change its form. Organic tin compounds can be Metallic tin is not very toxic due to its poor gastrointestinal absorption. Human and animal studies show that ingestion
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 TIN AND TIN COMPOUNDS
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html of large amounts of inorganic tin compounds can cause animals in maternal milk. We know that some organotins can stomachache, anemia, and liver and kidney problems. cross the placenta and reach the fetus in animals. Breathing or swallowing, or skin contact with some How can families reduce the risk of exposure to organotins, such as trimethyltin and triethyltin compounds, tin and tin compounds? can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system ‘ Because tin is naturally found in the environment, we work. In severe cases, it can cause death. cannot avoid being exposed to it. Some organotin compounds, such as dibutyltins and ‘ Reduce the amount of canned products you eat or drink tributyltins, have been shown to affect the immune system in and store unused portions in separate containers. animals, but this has not been examined in people. Studies ‘ Reduce your consumption of seafood from waters that in animals also have shown that some organotins, such as may be contaminated with organic tin compounds and your dibutyltins, tributyltins, and triphenyltins can affect the contact with household products that contain organotin reproductive system. This, also, has not been examined in compounds (for example, silicon-coated baking parchment people. paper). Inorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in Is there a medical test to show whether I’ve been the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. exposed to tin and tin compounds? How likely are tin and tin compounds to cause There are tests to measure total tin and specific organotin cancer? compounds in your blood, urine, feces, and body tissues. There is no evidence that tin or tin compounds cause cancer Normally, small amounts of tin can be found in the body in humans. Studies in animals have not shown evidence of because of the daily exposure to small amounts in the food. carcinogenicity for inorganic tin. A study in rats and another Therefore, the available tests cannot tell you when you were in mice showed that a specific organotin, triphenyltin exposed or the exact amount of tin to which you were hydroxide, can produce cancer in animals after long-term oral exposed, but can help determine if you were recently administration. exposed to an unusually high amount of tin. These tests are The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the not routinely performed at your doctor's office, but your International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and doctor can take samples and send them to a testing the EPA have not classified metallic tin or inorganic tin laboratory. compounds for carcinogenicity. The EPA has determined Has the federal government made that a specific organotin, tributyltin oxide, is not classifiable recommendations to protect human health? as to human carcinogenicity. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) How can tin and tin compounds affect children? has set a limit of 0.1 milligrams per cubic meter of air There are no studies on health effects in children exposed to (0.1 mg/m3) in the workplace for organotin compounds and tin and tin compounds. However, it is reasonable to assume 2.0 mg/m3 for inorganic tin compounds, except oxides. that children would exhibit the same type of health effects The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use observed in exposed adults. There are no reports of adverse of some organic tin compounds in coatings and plastic food developmental effects in humans exposed to tin or its packaging. The FDA also has set limits for the use of an compounds. There are no studies examining developmental inorganic tin compound, stannous chloride, as an additive effects in animals exposed to inorganic tin. Exposure of for food. rodents to some organotins during pregnancy has produced References birth defects in the newborn animals. A study with Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry tributyltin in rats found that exposure during gestation, (ATSDR). 2005. Toxicological Profile for Tin and lactation, and following lactation affected the development of Compounds (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of some sexual characteristics in female rats. We do not know Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. whether tin and tin compounds can be passed to newborn
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422- 8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper ZINC CAS # 7440-66-6
Division of Toxicology ToxFAQsTM August 2005
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about zinc. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Zinc is a naturally occurring element. Exposure to high levels of zinc occurs mostly from eating food, drinking water, or breathing workplace air that is contaminated. Low levels of zinc are essential for maintaining good health. Exposure to large amounts of zinc can be harmful. It can cause stomach cramps, anemia, and changes in cholesterol levels. Zinc has been found in at least 985 of the 1,662 National Priority List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is zinc? does not dissolve in water. Zinc is one of the most common elements in the earth's ‘ It builds up in fish and other organisms, but it does not crust. It is found in air, soil, and water, and is present in all build up in plants. foods. Pure zinc is a bluish-white shiny metal. How might I be exposed to zinc? Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, ‘ Ingesting small amounts present in your food and water. in dry cell batteries, and mixed with other metals to make ‘ Drinking contaminated water or a beverage that has been alloys like brass, and bronze. A zinc and copper alloy is stored in metal containers or flows through pipes that have used to make pennies in the United States. been coated with zinc to resist rust. ‘ Eating too many dietary supplements that contain zinc. Zinc combines with other elements to form zinc compounds. ‘ Working on any of the following jobs: construction, Common zinc compounds found at hazardous waste sites painting, automobile mechanics, mining, smelting, and include zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc welding; manufacture of brass, bronze, or other zinc- sulfide. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to containing alloys; manufacture of galvanized metals; and make paint, rubber, dyes, wood preservatives, and ointments. manufacture of machine parts, rubber, paint, linoleum, oilcloths, batteries, some kind of glass, ceramics, and dyes. What happens to zinc when it enters the environment? How can zinc affect my health? ‘ Some is released into the environment by natural Zinc is an essential element in our diet. Too little zinc can processes, but most comes from human activities like mining, cause problems, but too much zinc is also harmful. steel production, coal burning, and burning of waste. ‘ It attaches to soil, sediments, and dust particles in the Harmful effects generally begin at levels 10-15 times higher air. than the amount needed for good health. Large doses taken ‘ Rain and snow remove zinc dust particles from the air. by mouth even for a short time can cause stomach cramps, ‘ Depending on the type of soil, some zinc compounds can nausea, and vomiting. Taken longer, it can cause anemia and move into the groundwater and into lakes, streams, and decrease the levels of your good cholesterol. We do not rivers. know if high levels of zinc affect reproduction in humans. ‘ Most of the zinc in soil stays bound to soil particles and Rats that were fed large amounts of zinc became infertile.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Page 2 ZINC CAS # 7440-66-6
ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html
Inhaling large amounts of zinc (as dusts or fumes) can cause zinc, make sure you use them appropriately and keep them a specific short-term disease called metal fume fever. We do out of the reach of children. not know the long-term effects of breathing high levels of zinc. Is there a medical test to determine whether I’ve been exposed to zinc? Putting low levels of zinc acetate and zinc chloride on the There are tests available to measure zinc in your blood, skin of rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice caused skin irritation. urine, hair, saliva, and feces. These tests are not usually Skin irritation will probably occur in people. done in the doctor's office because they require special equipment. High levels of zinc in the feces can mean high How likely is zinc to cause cancer? recent zinc exposure. High levels of zinc in the blood can The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and mean high zinc consumption and/or high exposure. Tests to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) measure zinc in hair may provide information on long-term have not classified zinc for carcinogenicity. Based on zinc exposure; however, the relationship between levels in incomplete information from human and animal studies, the your hair and the amount of zinc you were exposed to is not EPA has determined that zinc is not classifiable as to its clear. human carcinogenicity. Has the federal government made How can zinc affect children? recommendations to protect human health? Zinc is essential for proper growth and development of The EPA recommends that drinking water should contain no young children. It is likely that children exposed to very more than 5 milligrams per liter of water (5 mg/L) because of high levels of zinc will have similar effects as adults. We do taste. The EPA requires that any release of 1,000 pounds (or not know whether children are more susceptible to the in some cases 5,000 pounds) into the environment be effects of excessive intake of zinc than the adults. reported to the agency.
We do not know if excess zinc can cause developmental To protect workers, the Occupational Safety and Health effects in humans. Animal studies have found decreased Administration (OSHA) has set an average limit of 1 mg/m3 weight in the offspring of animals that ingested very high for zinc chloride fumes and 5 mg/m3 for zinc oxide (dusts and amounts of zinc. fumes) in workplace air during an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek. How can families reduce the risks of exposure to zinc? Similarly, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and ‘ Children living near waste sites that contain zinc may be Health (NIOSH) has set the same standards for up to a exposed to higher levels of zinc through breathing 10-hour workday over a 40-hour workweek. contaminated air, drinking contaminated drinking water, touching or eating contaminated soil. References ‘ Discourage your children from eating soil or putting their Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry hands in their mouths and teach them to wash their hands (ATSDR). 2005. Toxicological Profile for Zinc (Update). frequently and before eating. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Public Health and Human ‘ If you use medicines or vitamin supplements containing Services, Public Health Service.
Where can I get more information? For more information, contact the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32, Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: 1-888-422- 8737, FAX: 770-488-4178. ToxFAQs Internet address via WWW is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html. ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize, evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. You can also contact your community or state health or environmental quality department if you have any more questions or concerns.
Federal Recycling Program Printed on Recycled Paper