Bella S. Galil • Paul F. Clark • James T. Carlton Editors In the Wrong Place - Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, Biology and Impacts Editors Bella S. Galil Paul F. Clark National Institute of Department of Zoology Oceanography The Natural History Museum Israel Oceanographic and Cromwell Road Limnological Research SW7 5BD London 31080 Haifa United Kingdom Israel [email protected] [email protected] James T. Carlton Maritime Studies Program Williams College 75 Greenmanville Avenue P.O. Box 6000 Mystic, Connecticut 06355, USA James.T. [email protected] ISBN 978-94-007-0590-6 e-ISBN 978-94-007-0591-3 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0591-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011923971 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Part I In the Beginning The Global Dispersal of Marine and Estuarine Crustaceans ..................... 3 James T. Carlton Part II Global Dispersal Human-Mediated Spread of Alien Crabs ..................................................... 27 Annette Brockerhoff and Colin McLay The Global Spread of the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis ............ 107 Matt G. Bentley The Japanese Skeleton Shrimp Caprella mutica (Crustacea, Amphipoda): A Global Invader of Coastal Waters ................. 129 Karin Boos, Gail V. Ashton, and Elizabeth J. Cook Part III Alien Faunas by Region Barnacle Invasions: Introduced, Cryptogenic, and Range Expanding Cirripedia of North and South America ....................................................... 159 James T. Carlton, William A. Newman, and Fábio Bettini Pitombo Marine Crustacean Invasions in North America: A Synthesis of Historical Records and Documented Impacts .......................................... 215 Gregory Ruiz, Paul Fofonoff, Brian Steves, and Alisha Dahlstrom Alien Decapod Crustaceans in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean .............. 251 Marcos Tavares The Alien and Cryptogenic Marine Crustaceans of South Africa ............. 269 Charles Griffiths, Tamara Robinson, and Angela Mead vii viii Contents The Snow Crab, Chionoecetes opilio (Decapoda, Majoidea, Oregoniidae) in the Barents Sea .................................................................... 283 Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, Valery Pavlov, Knut Eirik Jørstad, Eva Farestveit, and Jan Sundet Alien Malacostracan Crustaceans in the Eastern Baltic Sea: Pathways and Consequences .......................................................................... 301 Nadezhda A. Berezina, Victor V. Petryashev, Arturas Razinkovas, and Jūratė Lesutienė Alien Crustaceans Along the Southern and Western Baltic Sea ................ 323 Krzysztof Jażdżewski and Michał Grabowski Checklist of Cryptogenic and Alien Crustacea of the European Atlantic Coast...................................................................... 345 Pierre Y. Noël The Alien Crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: An Historical Review ...................................................................................... 377 Bella S. Galil An Incoming Flood on a Cryptic Stage: Understanding Alien Crustacean Invasions in Southeast Asia ............................................. 403 Darren C.J. Yeo, James T. Carlton, Serena L.M. Teo, and Peter K.L. Ng Alien Marine Crustaceans of Japan: A Preliminary Assessment ............... 419 Wataru Doi, Seiichi Watanabe, and James T. Carlton Aliens in the Antipodes: Non-indigenous Marine Crustaceans of New Zealand and Australia ....................................................................... 451 Shane T. Ahyong and Serena L. Wilkens Part IV Commercial Exploitation of Invasive Decapods The Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in Asia: The World’s Most Widely Cultured Alien Crustacean ............................... 489 I Chiu Liao and Yew-Hu Chien The Invasive History, Impact and Management of the Red King Crab Paralithodes camtschaticus off the Coast of Norway .......................... 521 Lis Lindal Jørgensen and Einar M. Nilssen Contents ix The Commercial Exploitation of the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis in the River Thames, London: Damned if We Don’t and Damned if We Do ................................................................ 537 Paul F. Clark Part V Case Studies Live and Let Live: Invasive Host, Charybdis longicollis (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae), and Invasive Parasite, Heterosaccus dollfusi (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae) ................ 583 Gianna Innocenti and Bella S. Galil Invasion History and Success of the American Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus in European and Adjacent Waters................................ 607 Stefan Nehring The Introduced American Lobster, Homarus americanus in Scandinavian Waters .................................................................................. 625 Knut Eirik Jørstad, Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, and Eva Farestveit Part VI Carcinus in the Wrong Place The Evolutionary Ecology of European Green Crab, Carcinus maenas, in North America .............................................................. 641 Timothy C. Edgell and Johan Hollander More than One Way to Invade: Lessons from Genetic Studies of Carcinus Shore Crabs ................................................................................. 661 John A. Darling Ecological Impacts of Replacing One Invasive Species with Another in Rocky Intertidal Areas ....................................................... 687 Blaine D. Griffen Index.................................................................................................................. 703 Alien Malacostracan Crustaceans in the Eastern Baltic Sea: Pathways and Consequences Nadezhda A. Berezina, Victor V. Petryashev, Arturas Razinkovas, and Jūratė Lesutienė Abstract The recent invasion history of malacostracan crustaceans into the eastern Baltic Sea is reviewed with 16 alien species being recorded from the easternmost area. These invasives constitute 3% of the total species richness (50% of the alien biota), and comprise up to 80% of the total benthic biomass in several localities. The Ponto-Azov-Caspian species are the most diverse and abundant component. Their taxonomical and ecological dominance could be explained by a combi- nation of factors including similarities between the Baltic, the donor regions and the waterway network that allows their dispersal. The high vulnerability of the Baltic Sea to invasion may be a consequence of low native biodiversity coupled with anthropogenic and natural factors. The potential impact of alien Malacostraca on the native community was assessed following predatory studies of alien amphi- pods on native benthic biota. These studies indicated that the alien amphipods may alter the structure of their prey communities. Alien crustaceans have outnumbered or even completely replaced native species and/or earlier established invaders locally in the eastern Baltic Sea. Keywords Alien Malacostraca • Benthic Community • Invasion History • Predatory Impact • Baltic Sea • Curonian Lagoon • Vistula Lagoon • Neva Estuary N.A. Berezina (*) and V.V. Petryashev Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, University embankment 1, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia e-mail: [email protected] A. Razinkovas and J. Lesutienė Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, LT 92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania B.S. Galil et al. (eds.), In the Wrong Place - Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, 301 Biology and Impacts, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology 6, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0591-3_10, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 302 N.A. Berezina et al. 1 Introduction The Baltic Sea is a brackish ecosystem characterized by low species diversity, and as other mesohaline seas, is easily colonized by alien species (Stachowicz et al. 1999). The increasing number of newly recorded aliens in the last decades has been attributed to the escalating anthropogenic stress on the Baltic Sea ecosystem (Gomoiu et al. 2002). A large catchment area combined with dense human population and intensive exploitation of natural resources of the Baltic Sea have caused the destabilization of a marine ecosystem already disturbed by natural or anthropogenic factors (e.g., extreme storms, bottom dredging), alteration due to previous introductions (habitat engineering), and eutrophication (Schernewski and Schiever 2002; Schiewer 2008). As a result a number of species are no longer recorded from the region and the food web has become weakly articulated giving rise to “vacant niches”. These according Zaiko et al. (2007) are then occupied by alien species. Such species as a rule are eurybiotic organisms, r-strategists and able to establish themselves in new habitats, including environments that have been disturbed. About 100 alien species have been recorded in the Baltic Sea during the last two centuries, and most of them have been unintentionally introduced by ballast water, hull fouling or by spreading from their primary sites of introduction into adjacent water bodies (Leppäkoski et al. 2002). The main introductory pathways of crustaceans