DOCSLIB.ORG

People and Things

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
People and Things People and things enormous progress achieved in re­ periment using this technique has On people cent years in understanding and contributed new limits on neutrino- developing calorimetric techniques. less double beta decay (see page The large number of ongoing 14), in this case tellurium-130 go­ William Happer, formerly at Prince­ projects and the encouraging pro­ ing to xenon-130. The experiment, ton, has become Director of the Of­ gress in this field, mainly under the by a Milan team (University and fice of Energy Research in the US pressure to define the experimental INFN) led by Ettore Fiorini, began in Department of Energy, the govern­ programme at the LHC and the August in the Italian Gran Sasso ment department funding most of SSC, led to the decision to contin­ underground Laboratory. the US particle physics pro­ ue the series of Conferences on an The detector/source is a 35 gramme. He takes over from Depu­ annual basis (the first meeting was gram crystal of tellurium oxide ty Director James F. Decker, who held last year at Fermilab). Applica­ operating at about 20 millikelvin in had been Acting Director. Dr. Hap­ tions are open to host the future a dilution refrigerator specially per also becomes Science and meetings. made with previously tested low Technology Adviser to Energy Se­ The Capri meeting was organ­ radioactivity materials. cretary James D. Watkins. ized by A.Ereditato (Napoli), P.Jen- No sign of neutrinoless double Emilio Picasso of CERN receives ni (CERN), V.Palladino (Napoli) and beta decay has been found with a one of this year's prestigious Ital- A.Para (Fermilab) with the support lower limit for the half life of more gas Prizes for Research and Innova­ 20 of the Italian INFN and University of than 3 x 10 years after only 500 tion awarded to European Commu­ Napoli. Some 120 participants at­ hours of effective running time, ex­ nity scientists. As Director of tended. tending the previous limit by al­ CERN's 2 7-kilometre LEP ring con­ most two orders of magnitude. struction project, his work was of 'historical importance', the citation reads. Thermal detectors: Italy's President Francesco Cossiga visited CERN on 25 October. At the Delphi under­ Robert Cahn becomes Director of Initial results ground experimental area at LEP were (left the Physics Division at the La­ to right) Delphi spokesman Ugo Amaldi, CERN Council President Sir William Mitchell, wrence Berkeley Laboratory, ena­ President Cossiga, and CERN Director Gen­ bling Piermaria Oddone to act full Thermal detectors are widely re­ eral Carlo Rubbia. garded as being likely to contribute time as the Laboratory's Deputy Di­ to new precision physics, and (Photo CERN HI 43.10.91/13) rector. many groups in Europe, USA and Japan are presently developing ex­ amples such as superheated super­ conducting grains, superconducting tunnel junctions and bolometers (September 1988, page 23). Especially popular is the latter, using as detector a pure diamag- netic and dielectric crystal. Its heat capacity at low temperature (pro­ portional to the cube of the ratio between operating and Debye tem­ peratures) can become so small that even the tiny amount of ener­ gy left by a particle causes a rise of temperature measurable by a suita­ ble thermistor. The technical development of these detectors has been impres­ sive over the last years and an ex­ CERN Courier, December 1991 25 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CERN Courier–Digital Edition
    CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan/Feb 2015
    I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J ANUARY /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the January/February 2015 issue of CERN Courier. CMS and the The coming year at CERN will see the restart of the LHC for Run 2. As the meticulous preparations for running the machine at a new high energy near their end on all fronts, the LHC experiment collaborations continue LHC Run 1 legacy to glean as much new knowledge as possible from the Run 1 data. Other labs are also working towards a bright future, for example at TRIUMF in Canada, where a new flagship facility for research with rare isotopes is taking shape. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. TRIUMF TRIBUTE CERN & Canada’s new Emilio Picasso and research facility his enthusiasm SOCIETY EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN for rare isotopes for physics The thinking behind DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p26 p19 a new foundation p50 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier January/February 2015 Contents 4 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Covering current developments in high-energy Which do you want to engage? physics and related fi elds worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • People and Things
    People and things On people Among the awards distributed at the recent joint annual meeting of the American Physical Society and the American Association of Phy­ sics Teachers were the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, to John C. Ward of Mac- quarie University, Australia, for his contributions to the development of particle gauge theories, and the Oersted Medal for physics teach­ ing, to 1.1. Rabi of Columbia Univer­ sity. LEP people Now that the LEP electron-positron collider project is under way at CERN, decisions have been taken on the management of the machine construction and on preparations for the experimental programme. At CERN itself, a LEP Manage­ ment Board has been set up to sending institution. We have advised One of the international discussion panels study and propose solutions to at the Pan American Symposium on High and encouraged the first user group Energy Physics and Technology, held at major problems of the construction from Mexico. We are seeking mod­ Cocoyoc, Mexico, in January. Left to right, programme and to share respon­ est Foundation and International R. Taylor from SLAC (representing Canada), sibility for major decisions concern­ Fermilab Director Leon Lederman Agency support in order to minimize (representing the US), J. Flores of Mexico, ing the project. The members of the problems of government involve­ M. Kreisler of the US, C Avilez of Mexico, the Board (appointed for two ment. Agreements between institu­ and Burt Richter also from SLAC, years) are E. Picasso (Chairman), representing the US. tions are simple to administer and G. Plass, H. Laporte.
    [Show full text]
  • UNESCO Coupons
    value of the self-diffusion coefficient of SI, needed to arrange the arriving atoms on proper lattice sites. Linear extrapolation of this border line to higher temperatures yields an intersection point with the LCVD curve at about 1520 K. This value Is In good agreement with the temperature limit we find for single-crystal growth of rods. The orientation of the rod axis was found to be close to either <100> or < 110> crystal­ lographic directions. Conclusion Laser Induced deposition from the gas phase allows single-step production of material patterns with lateral dimensions from 0.5 µm to several mm. Typical deposi­ tion rates in laser pyrolysis are 10 to 100 Underlining the international character of CERN, both organisational and physical, the µm/s compared to 10 to some 100 A/s In start of construction of LEP — the 130-130 GeV electron-positron storage rings — was laser photolysis. The scanning velocities formally inaugurated by the Presidents of both France and Switzerland on 13 September. possible in laser pyrolysis reach at least up In the photograph taken at the ground-breaking ceremony are to the left of Francois to about 500 µm/s for strongly adherent Mitterand of France, Emilio Picasso, Director of the LEP Project and to the right of Pierre films. Laser pyrolysis at visible wavelengths Aubert of Switzerland, Herwig Schopper, the Director-General of CERN. The 27 km combines high deposition rates and small circumference of LEP will lie 3/4 in France and 1/4 in Switzerland. lateral dimensions of deposits with stan­ dard laser techniques, simple optics and adjustment.
    [Show full text]
  • Gustav Kramer Fest Ahmed Ali, DESY
    Gustav Kramer Fest Ahmed Ali, DESY 1 Gustav Kramer Fest Heavy Quark Physics with Gustav Kramer From Quark Models to SCET 2 Gustav Kramer Fest First Meeting with Gustav Kramer ● I first met Gustav Kramer in May 1972 at the CERN School of Physics, held in Grado, Italy. 1972 CERN School of Physics, Grado, Italy, 15-31 May 1972 3 Gustav Kramer Fest First Meeting with Gustav Kramer ● This was the first time that I attended an International School on Particle Physics. Emilio Picasso was the Director of the CERN School. Among the theorists who lectured were Murray Gell-Mann, Kurt Gottfried, Michel Gourdin, Chan Hong-Mo, Gustav Kramer and Roger Phillip. Gustav Kramer Grado 4 Gustav Kramer Fest First Meeting with Gustav Kramer ● Gustav Kramer gave a lecture_ course on ªElectron-Positron Interactionsº; this was the time when e + e colliders started to make their mark on particle physics, with the A.C.O. in Orsay, VEPP II in Novosibirsk, ADONE in Frascati, SPEAR at SLAC, and the Bypass Ring at CEA, all operating, with DORIS at DESY under construction. ● In his Introduction, he stated: ªThis field of high energy physics has been very interesting in the past, we can expect further interesting results in the futureº. 5 Gustav Kramer Fest Page 1 of Gustav Kramer©s Grado Lecture 6 Gustav Kramer Fest Figure from Gustav Kramer©s Grado Lecture Pion form factor with ρ- ω mixing measured at Orsay 7 Gustav Kramer Fest First Meeting with Gustav Kramer ● As a fresh postdoc, looking for the next position, I thought that with the start of DORIS, DESY would be a great place to go and work.
    [Show full text]
  • People and Things
    People and things On people American Physical Society SSC management changes The January list of nominations to the SLAC Director Burton Richter has At the Superconducting Supercollider French Legion d'honneur included been elected Vice-President of the (SSC) Laboratory in Ellis County, distinguished CERN theorist Andre American Physical Society. The APS Texas, John Rees takes over as Martin, and, as a foreign member, custom is that next year Richter Project Manager from Paul Reardon. Emilio Picasso, former Leader of becomes President-elect, and in turn Rees came to SSC from the Stanford CERN's Experimental Physics President in 1994. This year's APS Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Division and Director of LEP project President is Ernest M. Henley of the where he was Associate Director. In throughout its construction phase. University of Washington. the late 1970s he was Director of the PEP storage ring project, and more David W.G.S. Leith is Associate recently in charge of construction of Director of SLAC's Research Divi­ UK Institute of Physics awards the Stanford Linear Collider. sion, taking over from Charles SSC Accelerator Design and Prescott. The UK Institute of Physics awards Operations Division (ADOD) Head for 1992 include several for achieve­ Don Edwards retired in December, Texas magnets ments in particle physics. and ADOD has now moved the Nicolas Ellis of Birmingham re­ Project Management Office under Peter Mclntyre of Texas A & M ceives the Charles Vernon Boys John Rees. becomes Director of the Texas Prize for his work in the UA1 proton- Accelerator Center (TAC) at the X Meanwhile the first industrially-built antiproton experiment at CERN, Houston Advanced Research Center SSC dipole has been successfully particularly for his study of heavy (HARC), succeeding Russ Huson.
    [Show full text]
  • Ricordo Di Emilio Picasso
    Rendiconti Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL Memorie di Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 133° (2015), Vol. XXXIX, Parte II, Tomo I, pp. 21-33 UGO AMALDI* Ricordo di Emilio Picasso Emilio Picasso è nato a Genova il 9 luglio 1927. Il padre era contabile presso la Esso Standard e la madre, nata in una numerosissima famiglia del Sud, casalinga. Il periodo bellico fu tragico: un fratello maggiore morì in guerra e l’appartamento di Genova fu distrutto da uno spezzone incendiario. Al liceo era interessato a filosofia, matematica e fisica. Entrò all’Università di Genova nel 1950, a ventitré anni, e – dopo un’inziale propensione per la matema- tica – scelse fisica. Si laureò nel giugno del 1956, quattro mesi dopo Mariella Got- tardi, che aveva scelto matematica. Si sposarono un anno dopo e furono per tutti coloro che li conobbero l’esempio della coppia perfetta: fortemente unita ed aperta agli altri e ai loro problemi; magnifici genitori di tre figli maschi – Marco Stefano e Francesco – e nonni adorati dagli otto nipoti. Emilio – laureatosi con Giovanni Boato costruendo una sorgente di ioni – lavorò come assistente nel gruppo di ricercatori guidato da Alberto Gigli Berzolari, che sviluppava un nuovo tipo di rivelatore di particelle: le camere a bolle a gas, nelle quali in un liquido a temperatura ambiente era introdotto un gas supersaturo. Il gruppo costruì due camere a diffusione che raccolsero eventi prodotti da fotoni agli elettrosincrotroni di Frascati e di Torino. Emilio entrò poi nel gruppo di Giovannina Tommasini, studiando con le emulsioni nucleari le interazioni di mesoni e di protoni prodotti al protosincrotrone del CERN.
    [Show full text]
  • I III! III! IIIIIIII/IHIII/IINIII/Iill!}/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
    CERN LIBRARIES, GENEVA cERN/ 1372 Original: English DENTI A IIIIIIIIIIIIUII RESTRIOTEO DISTRIBUTION ~ CII/I—P0OO81695 ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH SIXTY-SIXTH SESSION OF THE OOUNOIL Geneva — 26 and 27 June 1980 SENIOR STAFF APPOINTMENTS (By the Director—Genera1 designate) This ClOCI.1III€D.C COI`1C3.1f1S Cl'l€ pI'OpOS8].S of the Director—General designate for the appointment of two members of the Directorate within the framework of the new·Management structure for CERN for 1981 onwards which is described in document CERN/1371. These proposals were considered by the Scientific Policy Committee at its meeting held on 23 and 24 June 1980 and by the Committee of Council at its meeting held on 24 and 26 June 1980. 80/80/5/A OCR Output cERN/1372 SENIOR STAFF APPOINTMENTS This document contains the proposals of the Director-General designate for the appointment of two members of the Directorate within the framework of the new Management of CERN from 1981 onwards, which is described in document CERN/1371, and more specifically in paragraph 6. It is proposed to appoint Dr G. Brianti, at present Leader of the SPS Division, as Technical Director, for a period of three years as from 1 January 1981. Dr Brianti's curriculum vitae is attached as Annex I. It is further proposed to nominate Dr E. Picasso as the LEP Project Leader and as a member of the Directorate for a period of three years from the date of the approval of the LEP Project. Dr Picasso's curriculum vitae is attached as Annex II.
    [Show full text]
  • EPAC, the Accelerator Conferences Series in Europe 1988-2008
    EPAC, the Accelerator Conferences Series in Europe 1988-2008 • Caterina Biscari • ALBA-CELLS Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 1 The story starts in 1988 Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 2 1st EPAC in Roma, Italy 3 Giorgio Brianti was behind the creation of EPAC. CERN’s Technical Director at that time, as Günther Plass and Kurt Hübner wererespectively OC andSPC Chairs. Sergio Tazzari from INFN completed the chairmen trio. Main sponsors of EPAC’88: INFN, ENEA, CERN, DESY, SACLAY & GSI G. Brianti Decision to hold it biannualy, in alternation with PAC, and rotating around Europe Searching on Google Images ‘Kurt Hubner CERN’ G. Plass S. Tazzari K. Hubner Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 33 EPAC 88 Poster The Vatican Obelisk: the first monumental obelisk raised in the modern period, the only Rome that has not fallen since Roman times. Brought to Tavola XLII: L' Obelisco Piegato Mentre Calava. Rome by Caligula in 37 for the spina of the Vatican Circus . Moved by Pope Sixtus V in 1586 using a method developed by Domenico Fontana Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 4 Images from the conference venue Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 5 Images from the conference venue It was normal to see people smoking at the registration desk! Caterina Biscari, ALBA-CELLS EPAC -Accelerator Conferences in Europe IPAC 15 6 EPAC 88 – Too much success
    [Show full text]
  • People and Things
    People and things EUROPEAN On people Giuseppe Fidecaro 65 SOUTHERN Recently passing a career mile­ OBSERVATORY Emilio Picasso of CERN, Director of stone at CERN was Giuseppe Fide­ the LEP Project during its entire caro, whose characteristically care­ Looking deep into construction phase, Leader of what ful and imaginative work spans al­ space became Experimental Physics Divi­ most the whole epoch of modern sion from 1972-77, and who also particle physics, with its evolving played a major role in the famous techniques and interests. The European Southern Observato­ precision g-2 experiment, received this year's Prix Mondial Nessim Ha­ This year's JINR-CERN School of Physics ry's New Technology Telescope was held in Alushta, Crimea, from 5-6 May. (NTT) at La Silla, Chile, looking bit of Geneva University. The twelfth in a series of joint schools deep into an 'empty' part of the organized by CERN and JINR, the Joint Insti­ Chairman of CERN Finance Commit­ tute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, near sky, has found it filled with many Moscow, it attracted more than 100 physi­ tee Arnfinn Graue of Bergen has faint and remote galaxies. The limit cists from 15 countries. Its aim was to been awarded the Order of St. Olaf teach aspects of high energy physics, espe­ images are at least 2.5 times faint­ Commander for his contributions to cially theory, to young experimentalists. er than any previously obtained by science in Norway. optical telescope, the signal being (Photo Yu. Tumanov) equivalent to the glow of a ciga­ rette seen from the distance of the Moon! ESO's NTT instrument produced its first images in 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Muon G − 2 and Tests of Relativity
    June 16, 2015 15:45 60 Years of CERN Experiments and Discoveries – 9.75in x 6.5in b2114-ch15 page 371 Muon g − 2 and Tests of Relativity FrancisJ.M.Farley∗ Energy and Climate Change Division, Engineering and the Environment, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, UK [email protected] After a brief introduction to the muon anomalous moment a ≡ (g − 2)/2, the pioneering measurements at CERN are described. This includes the CERN cyclotron experiment, the first Muon Storage Ring, the invention of the “magic energy”, the second Muon Storage Ring and stringent tests of special relativity. 1. Introduction Creative imagination. That is what science is all about. Not the slow collection of data, followed by a generalisation, as the philosophers like to say. There is as much imagination in science as in art and literature. But it is grounded in reality; the well tested edifice of verified concepts, built up over centuries, brick by brick. All this is well illustrated by the muon (g − 2) theory and measurements at CERN. It also illustrates the reciprocal challenges. Theorists come up with a prediction, for example that light should be bent by gravity: how can you measure it? Eddington found a way. Conversely experiments show that the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron is not 2, but slightly larger: then the theorists are challenged to explain it, and they come up with quantum electrodynamics and a cloud of virtual photons milling around the particle. How can we check this? And so on. By reciprocal challenges the subject advances; step by step.
    [Show full text]
  • Waiting for the W and the Higgs
    EPJ manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Waiting for the W and the Higgs M. J. Tannenbauma Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY 11973-5000 USA Abstract. The search for the left-handed W ± bosons, the proposed quanta of the weak interaction, and the Higgs boson, which sponta- neously breaks the symmetry of unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions, has driven elementary-particle physics research from the time that I entered college to the present and has led to many unex- pected and exciting discoveries which revolutionized our view of sub- nuclear physics over that period. In this article I describe how these searches and discoveries have intertwined with my own career. 1 Introduction 1.1 Columbia College|1955-1959 When I was a sophomore at Columbia College, my physics teacher, Polykarp Kusch, had just won the Nobel Prize. In my senior year, another teacher, Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee, had also just won the Nobel Prize. I thought this was normal. Kusch together with Willis Lamb (then at Yale) were awarded the Prize for two experiments which proved the validity and precision of Quantum Electrodynamics: the anomalous magnetic moment of electron [Foley and Kusch 1948] (ge −2); and the (Lamb) shift of two fine structure levels in Hydrogen [Lamb and Retherford 1947]. Both these experiments were performed at Columbia a few stories higher in Pupin Laboratories than the classrooms where I attended College and Graduate School. Lee (and Yang) were awarded the Prize for the suggestion of Parity Violation in the Weak Interaction (β decay) [Lee and Yang 1956] which was discovered by C.
    [Show full text]