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Emilio Picasso's Contagious Enthusiasm for Physics

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Emilio Picasso's Contagious Enthusiasm for Physics CERN_125x193:Mise en page 1 18/09/12 17:17 Page 1 CERN Courier January/February 2015 Tribute www.goodfellow.com Emilio Picasso’s contagious Metals enthusiasm for physics and materials for research During a scientifi c career that spanned six Goodfellow Cambridge Limited ON-LINE CATALOGUE decades, Emilio Picasso, who passed away last Ermine Business Park October, played some key roles, especially at Huntingdon PE29 6WR UK Tel: 0800 731 4653 or +44 1480 424 800 CERN, where he was widely appreciated. Fax: 0800 328 7689 or +44 1480 424 900 [email protected] Never has such an illustrious career at CERN hung from so slender a thread of improbability. He was in Genoa, I was 70 000 PRODUCTS SMALL QUANTITIES FAST DELIVERY CUSTOM MADE ITEMS in Geneva. Were we destined to meet? In Bristol? As a result of some tiny chance? His fi nal day of a one-year sabbatical. My fi rst day of a visit. All alone on his last evening, Emilio wanted to say This photo from CERN Courier August 1966 shows the fi rst muon goodbye to Bristol and went to a bar. Out of hundreds of storage ring built at CERN and the team carrying out the g-2 options, I ended up in the same bar...and got a warm experiment on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Left welcome. I described the new g-2 experiment, which was to right: S van der Meer, F J M Farley, M Giesch, R Brown, J Bailey, just starting to roll: the fi rst ever muon storage ring at 1. 2 GeV E Picasso and H Jöstlein. (Image credit: CERN/PI 284.6.66.) to dilate the muon lifetime to 27 μs and see more precession cycles. Simon van der Meer was on board but no the particle now known as the pion in cosmic rays. one else. Emilio loved fundamental physics, and there and So it was not surprising that Emilio arrived in Bristol as a NATO then he offered to join the project, visiting CERN from Genoa postdoctoral fellow in 1962/1963. There, his chance meeting with and later becoming a full-time member of staff. Little did Farley in Bristol in 1963 set him on course to CERN. When he I know that I would be making speeches and writing articles offered to join the g-2 experiment, Farley accepted with pleasure, in his honour: Chevalier of Legion of Honour of France and soon Emilio started travelling to Geneva from Genoa, becom- and Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the ing a research associate at CERN in 1964. From the beginning he Republic of Italy. insisted on understanding everything in depth. He wrote Fortran Francis J M Farley programs, checked the calculations and found some mistakes, which luckily for the future of the experiment were not lethal. Emilio read physics at the University of Genoa, where he stayed Emilio’s enthusiasm was contagious, and he and Farley gradu- after receiving his doctorate in July 1956. Within a small team, he ally assembled a small team. Farley recalls: “There were many worked mainly on technical aspects of visual particle detectors, diffi culties, but eventually it worked and we measured the anoma- fi rst with gas bubble chambers – based on using a supersaturated lous moment of the muon to 270 ppm. The result disagreed with solution of gas in a liquid at room temperature – and diffusion theory by 1.7σ but we were sure of our number (confi rmed by the chambers. By the early 1960s, he had moved on with some of his next experiment) and we published anyway. (The fashionable shib- collaborators to study proton and meson interactions in nuclear boleth is that you need 5σ for an effect; true if you are looking for emulsions, and participated in the International Co-operative a bump in a wiggly graph, which might be anywhere. But for one Emulsion Flights, which took two large stacks of emulsion plates number 2–3σ is important and anything over 3σ is huge – see p37 high into the atmosphere to detect the interactions of energetic this issue). The discrepancy was enough to worry the theorists, who cosmic rays. This international collaborative effort included the set to work and discovered a new correction. Then they agreed with Bristol group of Cecil Powell, recipient of the 1950 Nobel Prize in us. This was a triumph for the experiment.” ▲ Physics for his work on emulsions and their use in the discovery of In 1967 Farley moved to a job in England and Emilio became 19 p18.indd 1 07/01/2015 14:00 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 5 N UMBER 1 J AARYN U /F EBRUARY 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier January/February 2015 CERN Courier January/February 2015 Tribute Tribute Electron–Positron (LEP) collider. He asked Philippe Bernard and Emilio Picasso 1927–2014 Herbert Lengeler to put together a research programme, and they in turn proposed that Emilio should co-ordinate collaboration with Emilio Picasso in 1983. to look for gravitational waves produced by particles circulating in a storage outside laboratories because of his “vivid interest in RF supercon- (Image credit: ring. Superconducting RF cavities were to be used as detectors. The attempt ductivity” and his “excellent contacts” in the fi eld. The result was CERN-PHOTO-8309793-1.) was unsuccessful, but it gave Emilio the opportunity to get to know the that in spring 1979, Emilio became team leader of the development technology of superconducting cavities – knowledge that was to serve him programme at CERN, and responsible for co-ordination with other After a long illness, Emilio Picasso extremely well later at the Large Electron–Positron collider (LEP). laboratories – in Genoa, Karlsruhe, Orsay and Wuppertal. passed away on 12 October. One of In 1981, the LEP project was approved by CERN Council, alas under very The development work at CERN led to superconducting cavities the earliest and most outstanding diffi cult conditions, i.e. with a reduced and constant budget. In addition, that could achieve the necessary high electric-fi eld gradients, and staff members of CERN, he the requisite personnel had to be found among the staff of the newly the team went on to design and build, in collaboration with Euro- made remarkable contributions unifi ed CERN I and CERN II laboratories. Under such conditions it was not pean industries, the system of superconducting RF that was eventu- to the prodigious success of the easy to fi nd the right person to lead the LEP project. Several outstanding ally deployed in LEP during the 1990s. In 1986, Emilio and others At the LEP ground-breaking ceremony on 13 September 1983. organization for more than 50 years. accelerator experts were available at CERN, and it would have been an proposed the installation of a maximum of 384 superconducting Left to right: Emilio Picasso, the French president François Born in Genoa on 9 July 1927, obvious step to appoint one of them as project leader. However, because it cavities to reach an energy of at least 220 GeV in the centre-of- Mitterand, the Swiss president Pierre Aubert, and Herwig Emilio fi rst studied mathematics, followed by two years of physics. After his became necessary to reassign about a third of the CERN staff to new tasks mass. In the end 288 such cavities were installed, and LEP eventu- Schopper. (Image credit: CERN-PHOTO-8309631-1.) doctorate he became assistant professor for experimental physics at the – implying that personal relations established across many years had to be ally reached a total energy of 208 GeV. Emilio would later express University of Genoa, and began research in atomic physics before changing broken – I considered the human problems as dominant. Hence I appointed sadness that the collider’s energy was never brought to its fullest Emilio began to focus again on the detection of gravitational to particle physics. Emilio as project leader for LEP, a decision that was greeted by many with potential with the maximum number of cavities. waves, an interest that had continued even while he was a director Short stays with the betatron at Torino and with the electron synchrotron at amazement. I considered his human qualities for this task to be more at CERN, when he supported the installation of the EXPLORER Frascati provided him with his fi rst experiences with particle accelerators. He important than some explicit technical know-how. Emilio was respected Leader of LEP gravitational-wave detector at the laboratory in 1984. He was nom- then went to Bristol in the years 1962/1963, where he joined the group of Cecil by the scientists as well as by the engineers. He was prepared to listen to However, he was to take on a still more signifi cant role in 1980, when inated director of the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa in 1991, Powell, who had received the Nobel prize in 1950 for investigating cosmic people, and his moderating temper, his honesty and reliability, and last but at the suggestion of the new director-general, Herwig Schopper, where he had been named professor a decade earlier, and served radiation using photographic emulsions and discovering the π meson. There not least his Mediterranean warmth, were indispensable for the successful CERN Council designated him LEP project leader. With Schopper’s as such for the following four years, retiring from CERN in 1992. Emilio met Francis Farley who told him that he intended to measure at CERN construction and operation of what was by far the largest accelerator of its agreement, Emilio began by setting up the LEP Management Board, At Pisa, he played a key role in supporting approval of Virgo – the anomalous magnetic moment of muons circulating in a storage ring.
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