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CERN Courier–Digital Edition
CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www. -
CERN Celebrates Discoveries
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey -
CURRICULUM VITAE – Paul D. Grannis April 6, 2021 DATE of BIRTH: June 26, 1938 EDUCATION
CURRICULUM VITAE { Paul D. Grannis July 15, 2021 EDUCATION: B. Eng. Phys., with Distinction, Cornell University (1961) Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley (1965) Thesis: Measurement of the Polarization Parameter in Proton-Proton Scattering from 1.7 to 6.1 BeV Advisor, Owen Chamberlain EMPLOYMENT: Research Professor of Physics, State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook, 2007 { Distinguished Professor Emeritus, State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook, 2007 { Chair, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, 2002 { 2005 Distinguished Professor of Physics, State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook, 1997 { 2006 Professor of Physics, Stony Brook, 1975 { 1997 Associate Professor of Physics, Stony Brook, 1969 { 1975 Assistant Professor of Physics, Stony Brook, 1966 { 1969 Research Associate, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1965 { 1966 1 AWARDS: Danforth Foundation Fellow, 1961 { 1965 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, 1969 { 1971 Fellow, American Physical Society Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Exceptional Teaching Award, Stony Brook, 1992 Exceptional Service Award, U.S. Department of Energy, 1997 John S. Guggenheim Fellowship, 2000 { 2001 American Physical Society W.K.H. Panofsky Prize, 2001 Honorary Doctor of Science, Ohio University, 2009 W. V. Houston Memorial Lectureship, Rice University 2012 Foreign member, Russian Academy of Science, 2016 Co-winner with the members of the DØ Collaboration, European Physical Society High Energy Particle Physics Prize, 2019 2 OTHER ACTIVITIES: Visiting Scientist, Rutherford -
Search for New Particles at LEP
Search for New Particles at LEP S. Rosier-Lees LAPP (INPPS-CNRS) Annecy-Le-Vieux - France Abstract The LEP energy upgrade up to fi =189 GeV has allowed us to extend substantially the potential of searches for new physics. Results on searches for Higgs bosoms and supersymmetric particles obtained by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL exper- iments are reported. No evidence of any signal is observed. Therefore, new limits on the Higgs boson masses as well as on the masses of the various supersymmetric particles are derived. They significantly improve those obtained either at LEPl or LEP1.5. The LEPBOO discovery potential for the neutral Higgs bosons is also shown. @ 1998 by S. Rosier-Lees. -409- . be discovered at LEP200 when running at &=200 GeV and assuming an integrated luminosity of 200 pb-’ collected by each experiment. LEP PRELIMINARY Individual Limit LEP Combined 11 Table 1: Individual and LEP combined observed and expected mass limits for the Stan- dard Model Higgs boson [3], up to fi = 183 GeV. 4 _?I: 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 mH(GeV/ z5 k --- HZ-Signal(mn=85GeV) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 loo 0 mF(GeV) Figure 1: Mass distribution for the candidate events selected by the OPAL experiment in the searches for e+e- + HZ at center-of-mass energies up to 183 GeV [3]. I,,,I,,,,,,/,I lo 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94. 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 mH(GeV/c’) mH(Ge V/c2) 2.2 The MSSM Higgs Bosons Figure 2: Average expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) confidence levels, CL,, obtained In the MSSM, all SUSY particle masses, their couplings, and their production cross sec- from combining the results of the four LEP Collaborations using the four statistical methods. -
Poster: G-2 Measuring the Muon [Pdf]
g-2 measuring the muon In the 1950s the muon was still a complete enigma. Physicists could In 1959, six physicists joined forces to try to measure the muon’s The second g-2 experiment started in 1966 under the leadership magnetic moment using CERN’s first accelerator, the Synchrocyclotron. of Francis Farley and it achieved a precision 25 times higher than not yet say with certainty whether it In 1961, the team published the first direct measurement of the muon’s the previous one. This allowed phenomena predicted by the theory anomalous magnetic moment to a precision of 2% with respect to of quantum electrodynamics to be observed with a much greater the theoretical value. By 1962, this precision had been whittled down sensitivity — vacuum polarisation for instance, which is the momentary was simply a much heavier electron to just 0.4%. This was a great success since it validated the theory of appearance of ‘virtual’ electron and antielectron pairs with very short quantum electrodynamics. As predicted, the muon turned out to be lifetimes. The experiment also revealed a quantitative discrepancy a heavy electron. with the theory and thus prompted theorists to re-calculate their or whether it belonged to another predictions. species of particle. g-2 was set up to “g-2 is not an experiment: it is a way of life.” John Adams test quantum electrodynamics, which predicts, among other things, an A third experiment, with a new technical approach, was launched in anomalously high value for the muon’s 1969, under the leadership of Emilio Picasso. -
Highlights Se- Mathematics and Engineering— the Lead Signers of the Letter Exhibit
June 2003 NEWS Volume 12, No.6 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Nobel Laureates, Industry Leaders Petition April Meeting Prizes & Awards President to Boost Science and Technology Prizes and Awards were presented to seven- Sixteen Nobel Laureates in that “unless remedied, will affect call for “a Presidential initiative for teen recipients at the Physics and sixteen industry lead- our scientific and technological FY 2005, following on from your April meeting in Philadel- ers have written to President leadership, thereby affecting our budget of FY 2004, and focusing phia. George W. Bush to urge increas- economy and national security.” on the long-term research portfo- After the ceremony, ing funding for physical sciences, The letter, which is dated April lios of DOE, NASA, and the recipients and their environmental sciences, math- 14th, also indicates that “the Department of Commerce, in ad- guests gathered at the ematics, computer science and growth in expert personnel dition to NSF and NIH,” that, Franklin Institute for a engineering. abroad, combined with the di- “would turn around a decade-long special reception. The letter, reinforcing a recent minishing numbers of Americans decline that endangers the future Photo Credit: Stacy Edmonds of Edmonds Photography Council of Advisors on Science and entering the physical sciences, of our nation.” The top photo shows four of the five women recipients in front of a space-suit Technology report, highlights se- mathematics and engineering— The lead signers of the letter exhibit. They are (l to r): Geralyn “Sam” Zeller (Tanaka Award); Chung-Pei rious funding problems in the an unhealthy trend—is leading were Burton Richter, director Michele Ma (Maria-Goeppert Mayer Award); Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat physical sciences and related fields corporations to locate more of emeritus of SLAC, and Craig (Heineman Prize); and Helen Edwards (Wilson Prize). -
Arxiv:2001.07837V2 [Hep-Ex] 4 Jul 2020 Scale Funding Will Be Requested at Different Stages Across the Globe
Brazilian Participation in the Next-Generation Collider Experiments W. L. Aldá Júniora C. A. Bernardesb D. De Jesus Damiãoa M. Donadellic D. E. Martinsd G. Gil da Silveirae;a C. Henself H. Malbouissona A. Massafferrif E. M. da Costaa C. Mora Herreraa I. Nastevad M. Rangeld P. Rebello Telesa T. R. F. P. Tomeib A. Vilela Pereiraa aDepartamento de Física Nuclear e Altas Energias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Núcleo de Computação Científica Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, Sao Paulo, Brazil cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil dUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil eInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9550, CEP 91501-970, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, Brazil f Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This proposal concerns the participation of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics community in the next-generation collider experiments. -
After Dinner Speech by Dr
1 After Dinner Speech by Dr. Josef Rembser CERN, Geneva 14 September 2009 Celebration in honour of Professor Herwig Schopper’s 85 th Birthday I. Dear Friends, honourable, dear Professor Schopper! On 28 February of this year, you celebrated your 85th Birthday. This evening we are looking back on this memorable date, wishing you many happy returns of the day. You have been blessed with a life full of harmony and accomplishments, always keeping young physically and intellectually. This is a special blessing granted to a person: Love and family, friendships and encounters, giving and receiving, working and achieving acknowledgements and honours in a fulfilling profession and in challenging missions. Tomorrow, a scientific Colloquium will honour you as researcher and scientific teacher . Today, on the eve of the colloquium, I would like to speak about Herwig Schopper as a research politician and a research manager . My personal remarks and remembrances will focus, dear Herwig Schopper, on the guiding contributions you made in shaping, promoting and advancing science and research and their relevant policies in Germany and in Europe. 2 Professor Heuer, I am grateful for your invitation. It is a pleasure for me to give today's After-Dinner speech in honour of our jubilee. For many years during my service in the German Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) in Bonn I had close personal and professional connections with you, dear Professor Schopper, regarding German science and research policy including CERN. II. In 1945, with the end of the 2 nd World War, Germany as guilty party and loser plunged the world and its own country into destruction and suffering, thus experiencing a historical catastrophe. -
HERA Collisions CERN LHC Magnets
The Gallex (gallium-based) solar neutrino experiment in the Gran Sasso underground Laboratory in Italy has seen evidence for neutrinos from the proton-proton fusion reaction deep inside the sun. A detailed report will be published in our next edition. again, with particles taken to 26.5 aperture models are also foreseen to GeV and initial evidence for electron- CERN test coil and collar assemblies and a proton collisions being seen. new conductor distribution will further Earlier this year, the big Zeus and LHC magnets improve multipole components. H1 detectors were moved into A number of other models and position to intercept the first HERA With test magnets for CERN's LHC prototypes are being built elsewhere collisions, and initial results from this proton-proton collider regularly including a twin-aperture model at new physics frontier are eagerly attaining field strengths which show the Japanese KEK Laboratory and awaited. that 10 Tesla is not forbidden terri another in the Netherlands (FOM-UT- tory, attention turns to why and NIHKEF). The latter will use niobium- where quenches happen. If 'training' tin conductor, reaching for an even can be reduced, superconducting higher field of 11.5 T. At KEK, a magnets become easier to commis single aperture configuration was sion. Tests have shown that successfully tested at 4.3 K, reaching quenches occur mainly at the ends of the short sample limit of the cable the LHC magnets. This should be (8 T) in three quenches. This magnet rectifiable, and models incorporating was then shipped to CERN for HERA collisions improvements will soon be reassem testing at the superfluid helium bled by the industrial suppliers. -
Vertex Detectors - a Historical Overview
Vertex Detectors - a historical overview Chris Damerell (RAL, Open U and Oxford U) CONTENTS • History from perspective of our RAL group – unavoidably biased … • Also, developments under study by our new collaboration (all pixel-based): • detectors for particle tracking systems with enhanced performance (notably much reduced material) • X-ray detectors for 4th generation light sources (FELs including UKFEL if it happens) • detectors for super-resolution optical microscopy 24th August 2016 RAL PPD seminar Chris Damerell 1 1969 Expt S120. Hypercharge exchange processes at CERN PS. Tony G, Fred W, Blair Ratcliff Clean test of the bootstrap theory of hadronic interactions Ideas for a focusing spectrometer for SPS startup, to definitively test this theory Need for few mm precision tracking … 1970 Supported by Godfrey Stafford (amazingly, given his challenges when appointed Director of RHEL in 1969) - invited talk to the Lab’s Scientific Policy Committee Visit to Alvarez group; initiated then shelved ideas for liquid xenon MWPC .. 1972 Bootstrap theory was disintegrating without our help. We joined CERN-Munich group to create the ACCMOR Collaboration, Experiment WA3; relatively conventional physics (meson spectroscopy with multi-particle spectrometer) but wonderful colleagues 24th August 2016 RAL PPD seminar Chris Damerell 2 Charm Pre-History and Discovery 1964 Bjorken and Glashow predicted the charm quark on general grounds. Key properties of D mesons included: decay nearly always to kaons, and with relatively high multiplicity. Physics case strengthened later by GIM mechanism to suppress strangeness-changing neutral currents. But as with the Higgs boson, experimental interest was at first non-existent – there was so much more ‘solid physics’ to do, such as discovering the patterns of meson and baryon resonances. -
Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter
Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 Volume 5 • Number 1 worldscinet.com/appn Takaaki Kajita 2015 Physics Nobel Laureate published by Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University (IAS@NTU) and South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association (SEATPA) South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 • Volume 5 • Number 1 A publication of the IAS@NTU Singapore and SEATPA Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter publishes articles reporting frontier discoveries in EDITORIAL physics, research highlights, and news to facilitate interaction, collaboration and 3 cooperation among physicists in Asia Pacific physics community. PEOPLE Editor-in-Chief 4 “Observing the Distant Supernova” — Interview with Kok Khoo Phua Nobel Laureate Prof Brian Schmidt Associate Editor-in-Chief “Discovering the W and Z Bosons” — Interview with Swee Cheng Lim Nobel Laureate Prof Carlo Rubbia SEATPA Committee Christopher C Bernido Phil Chan Leong Chuan Kwek Choy Heng Lai Swee Cheng Lim Ren Bao Liu Hwee Boon Low Anh Ký Nguyên Choo Hiap Oh OPINION AND COMMENTARY Kok Khoo Phua 10 China’s Great Scientific Leap Forward: Completion of a Roh Suan Tung Preecha Yupapin planned ‘Great Collider’ would transform particle physics Hishamuddin Zainuddin Freddy Zen Editorial Team NEWS Sen Mu 12 CityU’s Institute for Advanced Study will Champion Bold New Han Sun Chi Xiong Research Initiatives Case made for 'Ninth Planet' Graphic Designers Chuan Ming Loo Erin Ong Cover Photo: "Takaaki Kajita 5171- 2015" by Bengt Nyman - Own work. -
Lab Partners: NSF and DOE
Volume 19 FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1996 Number 7 Lab Partners: NSF and DOE by Leila Belkora, Office of Public Affairs experiments have had co-spokesmen from NSF- funded university groups. n a spring day in Chicago, if you long for NSF also funds fixed-target experiments and Othe crack of the bat and the scent of mustard special projects at Fermilab. The agency supports on hotdogs, head to Wrigley Field. In the seventh groups at KTeV and NuTeV, where experi- inning stretch you’ll sing a chorus of “Take Me menters hope to shed light on CP violation and Out to the Ball Game,” along with announcer neutrino-nucleon scattering, respectively. Two Harry Caray; baseball at Wrigley just wouldn’t be experiments related to charm quarks, E831 and the same without it. After the game, should you E835, are supported in part by NSF. This year, travel about 40 miles west to Fermilab, approximately 70 graduate students are receiv- you’d find another essential pair- ing their training in NSF-funded ing: Fermilab depends on research groups both at collider funding from the Depart- and fixed-target experi- ment of Energy, but ments. On a smaller scale, high-energy physics NSF grants to Fermilab here would be incom- augment research in plete without the cosmology and facili- support of the tate international National Science collaborations in Foundation, as well. particle physics with I nside NSF’s largest India and Korea. f contribution at In dollars, Fermilab is to the col- NSF’s contribution lider program. At to the national high- Wonyong Lee DZero, seven NSF-sup- energy physics program Profile ported groups built the is about 10 percent that 2 central drift chamber, the of DOE.