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Search for New Particles at LEP
Search for New Particles at LEP S. Rosier-Lees LAPP (INPPS-CNRS) Annecy-Le-Vieux - France Abstract The LEP energy upgrade up to fi =189 GeV has allowed us to extend substantially the potential of searches for new physics. Results on searches for Higgs bosoms and supersymmetric particles obtained by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL exper- iments are reported. No evidence of any signal is observed. Therefore, new limits on the Higgs boson masses as well as on the masses of the various supersymmetric particles are derived. They significantly improve those obtained either at LEPl or LEP1.5. The LEPBOO discovery potential for the neutral Higgs bosons is also shown. @ 1998 by S. Rosier-Lees. -409- . be discovered at LEP200 when running at &=200 GeV and assuming an integrated luminosity of 200 pb-’ collected by each experiment. LEP PRELIMINARY Individual Limit LEP Combined 11 Table 1: Individual and LEP combined observed and expected mass limits for the Stan- dard Model Higgs boson [3], up to fi = 183 GeV. 4 _?I: 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 mH(GeV/ z5 k --- HZ-Signal(mn=85GeV) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 loo 0 mF(GeV) Figure 1: Mass distribution for the candidate events selected by the OPAL experiment in the searches for e+e- + HZ at center-of-mass energies up to 183 GeV [3]. I,,,I,,,,,,/,I lo 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94. 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 mH(GeV/c’) mH(Ge V/c2) 2.2 The MSSM Higgs Bosons Figure 2: Average expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) confidence levels, CL,, obtained In the MSSM, all SUSY particle masses, their couplings, and their production cross sec- from combining the results of the four LEP Collaborations using the four statistical methods. -
Arxiv:2001.07837V2 [Hep-Ex] 4 Jul 2020 Scale Funding Will Be Requested at Different Stages Across the Globe
Brazilian Participation in the Next-Generation Collider Experiments W. L. Aldá Júniora C. A. Bernardesb D. De Jesus Damiãoa M. Donadellic D. E. Martinsd G. Gil da Silveirae;a C. Henself H. Malbouissona A. Massafferrif E. M. da Costaa C. Mora Herreraa I. Nastevad M. Rangeld P. Rebello Telesa T. R. F. P. Tomeib A. Vilela Pereiraa aDepartamento de Física Nuclear e Altas Energias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Núcleo de Computação Científica Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, Sao Paulo, Brazil cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil dUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil eInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9550, CEP 91501-970, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, Brazil f Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This proposal concerns the participation of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics community in the next-generation collider experiments. -
Trigger and Data Acquisition
Trigger and data acquisition N. Ellis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract The lectures address some of the issues of triggering and data acquisition in large high-energy physics experiments. Emphasis is placed on hadron-collider experiments that present a particularly challenging environment for event se- lection and data collection. However, the lectures also explain how T/DAQ systems have evolved over the years to meet new challenges. Some examples are given from early experience with LHC T/DAQ systems during the 2008 single-beam operations. 1 Introduction These lectures concentrate on experiments at high-energy particle colliders, especially the general- purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1]. These experiments represent a very chal- lenging case that illustrates well the problems that have to be addressed in state-of-the-art high-energy physics (HEP) trigger and data-acquisition (T/DAQ) systems. This is also the area in which the author is working (on the trigger for the ATLAS experiment at LHC) and so is the example that he knows best. However, the lectures start with a more general discussion, building up to some examples from LEP [2] that had complementary challenges to those of the LHC. The LEP examples are a good reference point to see how HEP T/DAQ systems have evolved in the last few years. Students at this school come from various backgrounds — phenomenology, experimental data analysis in running experiments, and preparing for future experiments (including working on T/DAQ systems in some cases). These lectures try to strike a balance between making the presentation accessi- ble to all, and going into some details for those already familiar with T/DAQ systems. -
India-CMS Newsletter Member Institutes/ Universities of India-CMS
India-CMS Newsletter Member Institutes/ Universities of India-CMS Vol 1. No. 1, July 2015 1. Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) Mumbai http://www.barc.gov.in/ First volume produced at: 2. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Department of Physics Pune http://www.iiserpune.ac.in Panjab University Sector 14 Chandigarh - 160014 3. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar http:// www.iitbbs.ac.in 4. Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay Mumbai http://www.iitb.ac.in/en/education/academic-divisions 5. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras Chennai https://www.iitm.ac.in 6. School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Edited and Compiled by: Bhubaneswar http://physics.niser.ac.in/ Manjit Kaur Department of Physics 7. Department of Physics Panjab University Panjab University Chandigarh Chandigarh http://physics.puchd.ac.in/ [email protected] 8. Division of High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics Ajit Mohanty Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) Director Kolkata http://www.saha.ac.in/web/henppd-home Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) Kolkatta 9. Department of High Energy Physics [email protected] Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai http://www.tifr.res.in/ ~dhep/ Abhimanyu Chawla Department of Physics 10. Department of Physics & Astrophysics Panjab University University of Delhi Chandigarh Delhi http://www.du.ac.in/du/index.php?page=physics-astrophysics [email protected] 11. Visva Bharti Santiniketan, West Bengal 731204 http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/Address.html 1 2 Contents Message ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Message ....................................................................................................................................................... -
The ATLAS Pixel Detector
The ATLAS Pixel Detector Maurice Garcia-Sciveres Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 1 ATLAS Pixel Collaboration • ~100 collaborators • 17 institutions • 8 countries DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 2 The Large Hadron Colloder will be the world’s most powerful microscope Camera goes here p p 14TeV ~10-19m resolution but… ¾Need high intensity ¾At design intensity LHC beam has 330MJ stored energy Iron yoke ¾1% will blow up dipole ¾Driving factor in vertex detector design 2 beam pipes Channels for superconducting wire DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 3 ATLAS 45m DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 4 ATLAS Pixel Detector p p Along axis 80M pixels (2m2 active area) 1744 parallel modules covering 3 barrels + 6 disks 1.3 m DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 5 Top Quark Photo Zoom in x10 Zoom in again x10 Actual Top Quark Decay Recorded by the CDF experiment with a silicon strip detector DEC 9, 2005 SRI Workshop --- the ATLAS pixel detector --- M. Garcia-Sciveres 6 Hybrid pixel detectors in particle physics • Silicon strip detectors have been used in particle physics for some 20 years (and are here to stay). This is a type of hybrid imager with resolution in only 1 dimension. ISL detector of CDF experiment • A hybrid pixel detector is a conceptually trivial (but technically difficult) generalization of a strip detector to 2 dimensions. -
Information for Guides
DRAFT 27 February 2014 Information for guides for Underground Visits Document prepared by Gloria Corti 1. Introduction This document is intended to provide you with material on which you can base your discussion with the visitors, along with more detailed background information for those not familiar with LHCb. It is not be intended to provide a word-by-word account of what an ideal visit underground to LHCb (and Delphi) should contain, nor what you should say on the surface. Everyone is specialized in different fields and the best is to convey the key messages from a personal and enthusiastic angle, and react to the response from your group. The main idea while underground is to explain what the visitors can see, at each stopping point of the itinerary. Discussions of more abstract concepts such as particle physics, the Standard Model, etc, should be done on the surface, either before or after the visit underground. Guides at the Exhibit are also encouraged to explain the various detectors on display. Pages 1 to 2 may be useful to all guides, while 2 to 5 are mostly intended for underground guides. The rest gives some general background for the LHCb experiment and detector and on the DELPHI experiment. Some summary facts and numbers are listed at the end. 2. When you first meet the visitors The first thing you should do is to introduce yourself, then check they are all present and they wear closed shoes and don’t have big bags with them. You may have to wait before going underground and you can use this time and that on the lift going underground to give visitors some general information. -
QCD Studies at L3
QCD Studies at L3 Swagato Banerjee Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai 400 005 2002 QCD Studies at L3 Swagato Banerjee Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai 400 005 A Thesis submitted to the University of Mumbai for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics March, 2002 To my parents Acknowledgement It has been an extremely enlightening and enriching experience working with Sunanda Banerjee, supervisor of this thesis. I would like to thank him for his forbearance and encouragement and for teaching me the different aspects of the subject with lots of patience. I thank all the members of the Department of High Energy Physics of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) for providing various facilities and support, and ideal ambiance for research. In particular, I would like to thank B.S. Acharya, T. Aziz, Sudeshna Banerjee, B.M. Bellara, P.V. Deshpande, S.T. Divekar, S.N. Ganguli, A. Gurtu, M.R. Krishnaswamy, K. Mazumdar, M. Maity, N.K. Mondal, V.S. Narasimham, P.M. Pathare, K. Sudhakar and S.C. Tonwar. Asesh Dutta, Dilip Ghosh, S. Gupta, Krishnendu Mukherjee, Sreerup Ray Chaudhuri, D.P. Roy, Sourov Roy, Gavin Salam and K. Sridhar provided valuable theoretical insight on various occasions. My heartfelt thanks to them. I thank the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) for its kind hospitality and all the members of the Large Electron Positron (LEP) accelerator group for successful operation over the last decade. The members of the L3 collaboration and the LEP QCD Working Group provided me a stim- ulating working environment. In particular, I thank Pedro Abreu, Satyaki Bhattacharya, Gerard Bobbink, Ingrid Clare, Robert Clare, Glen Cowan, Aaron Dominguez, Dominique Duchesneau, John Field, Ian Fisk, Roger Jones, Mehnaz Hafeez, Stephan Kluth, Wolfgang Lohmann, Wes- ley Metzger, Peter Molnar, Oliver Passon, Martin Pohl, Subir Sarkar, Chris Tully and Micheal Unger. -
The a to Z of Accelerators
present explanation for this behav The long timescale needed to terparts. But superconductivity iour is that superconductivity exists produce acceptable conductors of above 77K provides a powerful in many discrete regions within niobium-tin (10-12 years) following stimulant to solve the technological the sample but only weak coupling its discovery in 1962 inevitably problems of dealing with brittle exists between these regions. This comes to mind in assessing the materials. The next few months weak coupling is strongly dimin potential timeîscales for developing could give us many more surprises ished by an external field. Electro high field magnets with the new in an area where none were sus magnetic and structural character materials. These new oxides, like pected only a few months ago. izations of these compounds are niobium-tin and the other A15 The discovery of Bednorz and proceeding furiously and we may compounds are inherently brittle Muller has given a profound new soon expect to know whether this and this is bound to affect their stimulus to superconductivity and percolative nature of the supercon application in magnets, just as the last discovery has surely not ductivity is inherent in the material large scale construction of niobium- yet been made. or results from the way present tin magnets has lagged behind samples are being prepared. their ductile niobium-titanium coun The A to Z of accelerators With great skill, the organizers physics but this information was 1965. The attendance of over of the 1987 Particle Accelerator surpassed in volume by reports 1100 was another reflection of Conference arranged a vast pro from the many other areas where the wealth of activity in the field. -
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS 1 PowerMod™ The Power You Need sm High Voltage.Solid-State Modulators At Diversified Technologies, we manufacture leading-edge solid state, high power modulators from our patented, modular design. PowerMod™ systems can meet your pulsed power needs - at up to 200 kV, with peak currents up to 2000 A. V PowerMod*™ HVPM 100-300 30 MWModulator (36" x 48" x 60") PowerMod™ HVPM 20-150 Pulse: 20 kV, 100A, ljis/div PowerMod™ Modulators deliver the superior benefits of solid state technology including: • Very high operating efficiencies • < 3V/kV voltage drop accross the switch PowerMod™ HVPM 20-300 6 MW Modulator (19" x 30" x 24") • <1mA leakage • Arbitrary pusewidths from less than 1 jus to DC • PRFsto30kHz • Opening and closing operation Call us or visit our website today to learn more about the PowerMod™ line of solid-state high power systems. DIVERSIFIED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 35 Wiggins Avenue Bedford, MA 01730 781-275-9444 www. d i vt ecs.com PowerMod*™ HVPM 2.5-150 3 75 KW Modulator (19" x 19.5" x 8.5") D 1999 Diversified Technologies, Inc. PowerMod™ is a trademark of Diversified Technologies, Inc. Contents Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to Member State governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly except January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are not necessar ily those of the CERN management. CERN Editor: Gordon Fraser CERN, -
Baryon Production in Z Decay
Baryon Pro duction in Z Decay Christopher G Tully A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RECOMMENDED FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS January ABSTRACT How quarks b ecome conned into ordinary matter is a dicult theoretical question The p ointatwhich this o ccurs cannot b e measured by exp eriment but other prop erties related to connement can Baryon pro duction is a situation where one typ e of connement is chosen over another In this thesis pro duction rate measurements have b een p erformed for and baryons pro duced in hadronic decays of the Z The rates are low compared to meson pro duction but the particular prop erties of and decay allow these particles to be identied amongst the many mesons accompanying them The average number of and per hadronic Z decay was found to be D E N stat syst and D E N stat syst resp ectively These measurements take advantage of the unique photon detection capa bility of the L Exp eriment The rates are in agreement with those measured by other LEP detectors iii CONTENTS Abstract iii Acknowledgements v Intro duction Particle Creation and Detection Searching for Particle Decays Going Back in Time The History Behind SubNuclear Particles Quarks Discovery of the Pion The Quark Constituent Mo del -
Nov/Dec 2020
CERNNovember/December 2020 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WLCOMEE CERN Courier – digital edition ADVANCING Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2020 issue of CERN Courier. CAVITY Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities drive accelerators around the world, TECHNOLOGY transferring energy efficiently from high-power radio waves to beams of charged particles. Behind the march to higher SRF-cavity performance is the TESLA Technology Neutrinos for peace Collaboration (p35), which was established in 1990 to advance technology for a linear Feebly interacting particles electron–positron collider. Though the linear collider envisaged by TESLA is yet ALICE’s dark side to be built (p9), its cavity technology is already established at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser at DESY (a cavity string for which graces the cover of this edition) and is being applied at similar broad-user-base facilities in the US and China. Accelerator technology developed for fundamental physics also continues to impact the medical arena. Normal-conducting RF technology developed for the proposed Compact Linear Collider at CERN is now being applied to a first-of-a-kind “FLASH-therapy” facility that uses electrons to destroy deep-seated tumours (p7), while proton beams are being used for novel non-invasive treatments of cardiac arrhythmias (p49). Meanwhile, GANIL’s innovative new SPIRAL2 linac will advance a wide range of applications in nuclear physics (p39). Detector technology also continues to offer unpredictable benefits – a powerful example being the potential for detectors developed to search for sterile neutrinos to replace increasingly outmoded traditional approaches to nuclear nonproliferation (p30). -
Towards LHC Experiments
Towards LHC experiments From 5-8 March, Evian-les-Bains on the shores of Lake Geneva was the scene of a major meeting on the experiments for CERN's planned LHC proton collider in the 27-kilome tre LEP tunnel. As plans for the LHC proton collider to be built in CERN's 27-kilometre LEP tunnel take shape, interest wid ens to bring in the experiments ex ploiting the big machine. The first public presentations of 'expressions of interest' for LHC experiments fea tured from 5-8 March at Evian-les-Bains on the shore of Lake Geneva, some 50 kilometres from CERN, at the special Towards the LHC Experimental Programme' meeting. (A report from the meeting will be included in our next issue.) This event followed soon after CERN Council's unanimous Decem ber 1991 vote that the LHC machine, to be installed in the existing 27-kilo metre LEP tunnel, is 'the right ma chine for the advance of the subject and for the future of CERN'. With de tailed information on costs, feasibility and prospective delivery schedules cial Detector Research and Develop Another will be reserved for the beam to be drawn up before the end of next ment Committee was set up along dump where the LHC protons will be year, and now with plans for experi the lines of traditional Experiments absorbed once the circulating beams ments under discussion, the prepara Committees, but this time with the are no longer required. This leaves tions for LHC move into higher gear. objective of stimulating and fostering room for two big new LHC collider The Evian meeting was a public forum the new technology needed to reap detectors, plus the potential of the for a full range of expressions of inter the LHC physics rewards (November existing LEP experimental areas, us est in LHC experiments, setting the 1991, page 2).