NIKHEF Annual Report 2003
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2003 Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam P.O. Box 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Colofon Publication edited for NIKHEF: Address: Postbus 41882, 1009 DB Amsterdam Kruislaan 409, 1098 SJ Amsterdam Phone: +31 20 592 2000 Fax: +31 20 592 5155 E-mail: [email protected] Editors: Louk Lapik´as,Marcel Vreeswijk & Auke-Pieter Colijn Layout & art-work: Kees Huyser Cover Photograph: Relativistic fluid mechanics: impression of a fluid current moving on a sphere where scalar fields live. URL: http://www.nikhef.nl NIKHEF is the National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High-Energy Physics in the Netherlands, in which the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen (KUN) and the Universiteit Utrecht (UU) collaborate. NIKHEF co-ordinates and supports all activities in experimental subatomic (high-energy) physics in the Netherlands. NIKHEF participates in the preparation of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, notably Atlas, LHCb and Alice. NIKHEF is actively involved in experiments in the USA (D∅ at Fermilab, BaBar at SLAC and STAR at RHIC), in Germany at DESY (Zeus, Hermes and Hera-b) and at CERN (Delphi, L3 and the heavy-ion fixed-target programme). Furthermore astroparticle physics is part of NIKHEF’s scientific programme, in particular through participation in the ANTARES project: a detector to be built in the Mediterranean. Detector R&D, design and construction of detectors and the data-analysis take place at the laboratory located in Sciencepark Amsterdam as well as at the participating universities. NIKHEF has a theory group with both its own research program and close contacts with the experimental groups. Contents Preface 1 A Experimental Programmes 3 1 The ATLAS Experiment 3 1.1 ATLAS experiment 3 1.2 D experiment 9 ∅ 2 The B-Physics Programme 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Status of HERA-B 13 2.3 Status of the BaBar Experiment 13 2.4 The LHCb Vertex detector 15 2.5 Level-0 Pile-Up Veto System 18 2.6 The Outer Tracker of LHCb 18 2.7 Reconstruction and Physics Studies 22 3 Heavy Ion Physics 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Results from SPS experiments 25 3.3 Jet production and jet quenching studied in STAR 26 3.4 The Alice experiment at CERN 27 4 ANTARES 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Prototype Sector Line 29 4.3 On-shore data processing 30 4.4 Analysis methods 30 4.5 Outlook 31 i 5 ZEUS 33 5.1 Introduction 33 5.2 ZEUS beats HERA beam background 33 5.3 Analysis HERA-I from 1991-2000 33 5.4 Performance of the ZEUS vertex detector 34 6 HERMES 37 6.1 Introduction 37 6.2 Data taking 38 6.3 Physics analysis 38 6.4 Instrumentation 41 6.5 Outlook 43 7 DELPHI 45 7.1 DELPHI programme and Detector exhibit 45 7.2 Publications 45 7.3 B physics 45 7.4 QCD 46 7.5 Standard Model Electroweak results 46 8 L3 49 8.1 Introduction 49 8.2 Searches 49 8.3 W and Z physics 49 8.4 QCD 51 8.5 L3+Cosmics 51 B Transition Programme 53 1 New Detector R&D at NIKHEF 53 1.1 Introduction 53 1.2 The readout of drift chambers with the Time-Pix-Grid 53 1.3 CMOS-based pixel detectors 55 1.4 X-ray imaging pixel detectors 55 2 Grid Projects 57 2.1 Introduction 57 2.2 Local Facilities 57 ii 2.3 The LHC Computing Grid Project 57 2.4 The DataGrid Project 57 2.5 AliEn 60 2.6 D Grid 60 ∅ 2.7 EGEE 60 2.8 Virtual Laboratory for eScience 60 3 Experiments abroad 61 3.1 Proton-neutron knockout from 3He induced by virtual photons 61 C Theoretical Physics 63 1 Theoretical Physics Group 63 1.1 Introduction 63 1.2 Physics of the standard model 63 1.3 Beyond the standard model 64 1.4 Cosmology, astrophysics and quantum gravity 64 D Technical Departments 67 1 Computer Technology 67 1.1 Computer system management 67 1.2 Project support 69 2 Electronics Technology 73 2.1 Introduction 73 2.2 Department developments 73 2.3 Projects 73 3 Engineering Department 79 3.1 ATLAS 79 3.2 LHCb 80 3.3 Alice Inner Tracking System 81 3.4 ANTARES 81 3.5 Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 81 3.6 IdePhix 82 4 Mechanical Workshop 83 iii 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Projects 83 E Publications, Theses and Talks 87 1 Publications 87 2 PhD Theses 98 3 Invited Talks 99 F Resources and Personnel 105 1 Resources 105 2 Membership of Councils and Committees during 2003 106 3 Personnel as of December 31, 2003 109 iv Preface The CERN LHC program will start in 2007. This is an at the end of the year 2002. These physicists have important date for many physicists worldwide and cer- concentrated on the measurement of the angle γ, one of tainly also for NIKHEF and its scientific and technical the parameters expressing CP-violation in the B system. staff. The construction of the various components of The BaBar collaboration found the new charmed meson 0 0 the large detectors ATLAS, LHCb and ALICE or instead Ds (2317) and discovered the decay B π π . Its sees steady progress. During 2003 we saw completion branching fraction is an important input in→ further CP- of 75 out of 96 muon chambers for ATLAS. NIKHEF violation studies. The STAR collaboration has obtained scientists contributed in an important way to the H8 interesting results on the behavior of jets produced in testbeam which validated many aspects of the ATLAS heavy-ion collisions. These results are important for the muon System. In LHCb an important achievement was ALICE Program. the production of the first prototype secondary vacuum In order to investigate phenomena like the Higgs mech- box. The LHCb outer tracker project has passed all anism or CP-violation, sound theoretical predictions are necessary steps to enter the production phase. The AL- necessary. The NIKHEF theory group has been work- ICE experiment is also entering the production phase. ing on many aspects of the standard model and beyond. NIKHEF contributes to electronics and readout. To- Here it remains clear that the algebra program FORM gether with industry, tooling has been developed for is an indispensable tool in this theoretical work. The the positioning of the silicon ladders. theory group entered the field of astroparticle physics, These preparations for the LHC program form an a relatively new area of research. enormous challenge for the technical departments of From the start of LHC operations, the experimental NIKHEF. Their work is essential in the execution of the group will have to deal with massive amounts of data scientific program of NIKHEF, and in the preparation at an unprecedented level. The development of the re- for future activities. At this point, with a deep sense quired grid technology is now well underway. NIKHEF of loss, I recall the decease of Paul Rewiersma of the plays a major role in the development of several grid electronics technology department. Paul started his technologies and its implementation in several grid work at NIKHEF with design work for the ACCMOR projects such as VL-E and EGEE. The NIKHEF par- collaboration. His last contributions were to the ticipation in D and other experiments provides good ANTARES experiment. opportunities to∅ test the grid for high-energy physics The design and construction of detectors is only one ac- applications. tivity towards the LHC program. In parallel, NIKHEF On the 17th of March 2003 the ANTARES collabora- physicists participate in the D experiment at Fermi- tion successfully put the first data and control lines on lab, BaBar at SLAC and the∅ STAR collaboration at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea and connected Brookhaven. The aim is to be involved in frontline ex- the equipment to the junction box so that signals were perimental research as well as to prepare for the many available on shore on the same day. Although there analysis tasks at similar LHC experiments. was a problem with the reference clock, many aspects The D experiment has performed a thorough analysis of the design could be validated. The completion of of the∅ properties of the top-quark, with the important this neutrino telescope is foreseen in 2006. result that the value of the top-quarks mass is now The LEP program has officially come to an end in 2003; 179.0 3.5 3.8 GeV. This value is higher than the the enormous contribution of the LEP program to our results± from± previous analyses. In combination with current understanding of the standard model will be in LEP data it means that the prediction for the Higgs the textbooks for many years to come. The NIKHEF mass is now also higher. A NIKHEF group joined BaBar program at the HERA collider has been the subject of 1 an extensive review by a panel chaired by J. Dainton. The committee underlined the high quality of the sci- entific work and made strong recommendations for the final stages and completion of the program at HERA. Jos Engelen During the year 2003 it became clear that Jos Enge- len would not complete his five year term as director of NIKHEF. He was appointed by the CERN council as Chief Scientific Officer and deputy Director General of CERN. The NIKHEF community congratulates him with this great personal and scientific honor.