Benchmarking Archaeology Degrees at Australian Universities
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Benchmarking Archaeology Degrees at Australian universities Final Report Part 1 Priority Project PP653 Lead institution: University of New England Project team: Wendy Beck & Catherine Clarke By degrees: Benchmarking archaeology degrees in Australian universities 2007 http://www.australianarchaeologicalassociation.com.au/ANCATL 2008 1 Support for this project has been provided by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, an initiative of the Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Learning and Teaching Council Ltd. This work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Australia Licence. Under this Licence you are free to copy, distribute, display and perform the work and to make derivative works. 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Requests and inquiries concerning these rights should be addressed to the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, PO Box 2375, Strawberry Hills NSW 2012 or through the website: http://www.altc.edu.au 2008 2 Executive Summary The major challenge identified for archaeology teaching and learning in Australia is the perceived shortcomings in archaeological qualifications, variously seen as inconsistent and/or unsuited to the goals of either students or employers. We argue that academics, not employers, are responsible for developing explicit understandings and standards for the learning outcomes of archaeology degrees, but that there has been little opportunity for Australian academics to discuss university education in archaeology. We review the Benchmarking Archaeology Degrees project which aimed to incorporate the whole disciplinary community, both academic and professional. Overall, forming and maintaining a shared network of understanding in the disciplinary community (a ‘benchmark’) is seen as critical for enhancing teaching and learning outcomes for students, employers and university staff. Subject benchmarking is valuable both for providing the basis for improved university archaeology teaching and learning, refining curricula, and for throwing light upon continuing issues affecting the discipline. The process of subject benchmarking has many advantages even beyond that of establishing a common set of statements of the knowledge and skills expected of archaeology graduates. This report describes the design, analysis and results of the project, a complementary survey and interview data collection exercise which formed the basis of two national collaborative workshops where the subject benchmarks were articulated and developed. The benchmark document is now being widely disseminated on the Web. 3 Table of contents Benchmarking Archaeology Degrees at Australian universities ................................. 1 Executive Summary............................................................................................... 3 Table of contents ................................................................................................... 4 Project outcomes ................................................................................................... 5 Description of the approach and methodology ....................................................... 5 Comparing Degrees ........................................................................................... 5 Benchmarking: The UK example....................................................................... 6 Moderation: Comparing Honours moderation and external examination in Australia............................................................................................................ 7 Contributions to knowledge................................................................................... 7 Success factors ...................................................................................................... 8 Implementation of findings in other settings .......................................................... 9 Sharing of project outcomes .................................................................................. 9 Links between the project and other projects in the ALTC Strategic Priority Areas ............................................................................................................................ 10 References cited: ................................................................................................. 11 4 Project outcomes The project aimed to: • Enunciate a discipline-based standards framework that included levels of achievement and broad criteria for learning outcomes in Australian undergraduate Archaeology degrees, through a benchmark document, which will be publicly available on the Web. This provides general guidance for the articulation of appropriate teaching and learning outcomes, especially assessment, to achieve comparability between individual courses of study. • Build on current university offerings and their diversity as well as international benchmarks. • Implement processes by which the discipline as a whole, through the direct involvement of many teaching staff, can discuss, endorse and participate in the standards building process as an ongoing discussion. Completion of at least two face-to-face workshops for Archaeology educators to develop collaborative cross-institutional approaches to benchmarking for Honours, including broad articulation of general teaching and learning outcomes, student capabilities and program development criteria, (but not detailed curricula). The processes adopted for sustainable cross-institutional standards development and evaluation in the discipline of Archaeology should prove transferable to other disciplinary contexts. • Determine whether Honours assessment should be more standardized and what other measures, such as assessment moderation, universities could adopt to ensure consistency for all subfields of archaeology. This would enhance national and international comparability of Archaeology Honours degrees. • Provide recommendations for ongoing cross-institutional collaboration in Honours program design and development. • Disseminate widely to stakeholders, including student and employers, the general nature and level of learning outcomes in Archaeology Honours programs through the establishment of an online project site to enable ongoing project reporting as well as the collaborative development and delivery of project documents. Production of academic papers, conference sessions and research reports will also document the process of benchmarking in practice and be widely disseminated. Description of the approach and methodology Comparing Degrees This project focused on academic, student and employer expectations of Archaeology graduates, in the light of the identified differences between Australian archaeology Honours degrees (Beck and Balme 2005). Moodie (2004: 39) has suggested that there are generally three ways of assuring similar standards between university degrees: 1. External involvement in assessment (or ‘moderation’); 2. A common exam or test; and 3. Building a standards network within each field of study (‘benchmarking’). The second of these options is likely to be the least popular with universities and hence less useful to pursue and most difficult to implement successfully at present in 5 Australia. So the other two options, further explored below, are the focus of this report. Benchmarking: The UK example Subject benchmark statements in the United Kingdom are part of the Quality Assurance frameworks with the purpose ‘of making more explicit the nature and level of academic standards in higher education and, in turn, providing a foundation for employers, public and others to have confidence in the academic awards of higher education institutions’ (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education 2004:3). This is equivalent to the Standards Network envisaged by James et al (2002). Each subject benchmark statement consists of a document that defines the overall components of the undergraduate bachelors Honours degree in terms of 1) generic skills and 2) subject specific skills expected of graduates (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education 2000; Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education 2004). The overall ‘shape’ of the UK undergraduate degree is similar to that currently advocated for Australian arts or science degrees with a core of generic and learning- to-learn skills combined with an approximately equal number of discipline-specific and generic outcomes. The second aspect of quality assurance is the range and level of achievement. Two different levels are defined in the United Kingdom