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A New Abnormality Record in Bats: a Teratological Condition Or Skull Trauma Due to Tooth Avulsion in Noctilio Leporinus?

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A New Abnormality Record in Bats: a Teratological Condition Or Skull Trauma Due to Tooth Avulsion in Noctilio Leporinus? See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321780950 A new abnormality record in bats: A teratological condition or skull trauma due to tooth avulsion in Noctilio leporinus? Article in Mammalia · November 2017 DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2017-0043 CITATION READS 1 234 2 authors: Victor Romero Scott C. Pedersen Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador South Dakota State University 20 PUBLICATIONS 19 CITATIONS 96 PUBLICATIONS 702 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sistemática y taxonomía integral del género Noctilio (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae). View project Mamíferos del Ecuador. Versión 2018.0: Un portal para dar a conocer a los mamíferos del Ecuador View project All content following this page was uploaded by Victor Romero on 26 December 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Mammalia 2017; aop Short Note Víctor Romero* and Scott C. Pedersen A new abnormality record in bats: a teratological condition or skull trauma due to tooth avulsion in Noctilio leporinus? https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0043 The malformations reported in bats have been Received April 15, 2017; accepted November 7, 2017 attributed to multiple causes, including genetic mecha- nisms, pathogenic and traumatic causes, or even stress. Abstract: Here we report on a skull of an adult male Many of them are associated to specific developmental Noctilio leporinus caught in the Guiana Shield, South stages, such as congenital abnormalities like conjoined America. The animal was lacking the upper left molar-row twins reported for Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796) and exhibited skeletal deformations in the rostral and pal- ( Peterson and Fenton 1969), Artibeus phaeotis Miller, atal regions. This aberration could have been the result of 1902 (Urban et al. 2015) and Artibeus sp. (Nogueira et al. a traumatic avulsion of the left C1. As a consequence of its 2017); deformed tails in E. fuscus (Kunz and Chase 1983) position and depth of the root, the C1 avulsion could have and Tadarida brasiliensis I. Geoffroy, 1824 (Mitchell and broken much of the surrounding alveolar process during Smith 1966); dental anomalies recorded for more than the initial injury, with subsequent loss of the remaining 50 species (e.g. supernumery teeth, see Lanza et al. 2008 teeth via periodontal inflammation and tooth decay. for a review), fur chromatic disorders such as albinism, Keywords: aberration; Chiroptera; deformity; Guiana melanism and leucism not related to aging, reported for shield; Neotropical mammals; tooth decay; Venezuela. more than 115 species by many authors (recently reviewed by Lucati and López-Baucells 2016, Zalapa et al. 2016, Rose et al. 2017, Zortéa and Silva 2017, but see Romero Historically, many abnormalities were perceived as and Tirira 2017 for a note in phenotype nomenclature in mythological or fantastic monstrosities extracted from mammals), polydactyly reported in A. lituratus Olfers, ancient bestiaries (see examples in Wittkower 1942). 1818 (Gonçalves et al. 2011), T. brasilensis (Koford and Teratology is a science that studies the origins, patterns, Krutzsch 1948, Herreid 1958) Pipistrellus subflavus (F. and mechanisms subjacent to abnormal development Cuvier, 1832) (Jennings 1958), E. furinalis (Kunz and Chase (Ujházy et al. 2012). In fact, its etiology and causes are 1983), and Myotis velifer (J.A. Allen, 1890) (Caire and Thies relatively well known for humans and some domestic 1988, Pekins 2009); an anomalous skeletal appendage in mammals ( Kompanje 2005). However, abnormalities in E. fuscus (Dalby 1969, Kunz and Chase 1983); a polyotia wild mammals have been poorly reported in the literature, report in A. lituratus (Ruckert da Rosa et al. 2011) or super- in part because the majority of the affected individuals are numerary appendages in P. pipistrellus (Hackenthal and aborted early in development and the few born generally Grimmberger 1978). Others can occur in later developmen- do not reach maturity (Kunz and Chase 1983). This is espe- tal stages, like the reduction in teeth caused by external cially the case if these abnormalities affect vital systems, factors such as environmental, traumatic and nutritional such as heart, kidney, brain, digestion, sensory percep- causes (Phillips and Jones 1968, Pedersen et al. 2012) or tion and even locomotion. deformed forearms resulting from poorly healed frac- tures of the radius in E. fuscus (Hofstede et al. 2003) and M. brandtii (Eversmann, 1845) (Bogdanowicz and *Corresponding author: Víctor Romero, Postgrado en Ciencias Urbanczyk 1986). In wild populations, these conditions Biológicas, Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad appear to be uncommon, even in the case of less severe Simón Bolívar, Sartenejas, Caracas 1080, Venezuela, abnormalities, that apparently do not notably affect the e-mail: [email protected]. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1875-5906 survival rate, but generally have a very low reported inci- Scott C. Pedersen: Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Campus Box 2104A, Brookings, SD 57007, dence. For example, Mitchell and Smith (1966) detected USA only two individuals with deformed tail from a sample of Brought to you by | Australien National University Authenticated Download Date | 12/25/17 10:40 PM 2 V. Romero and S.C. Pedersen: New abnormality record in bats 150,000 Mexican free-tailed bats (T. brasiliencis). In bats, The Canaima National Park is situated in the north- just a few distinct kinds of developmental abnormalities eastern part of the Guiana Shield, Guayana, Venezuela, have been reported, which contrasts with more than 1700 between the coordinates 04°41′ and 06°48′ north and types reported in laboratory mammals (i.e. rats, mice, 60°44′ and 62°59′ west (Figure 1). Some of the larger rabbits; Makris et al. 2009). tepuis, such as Auyán-tepui, and the world’s highest unin- Here we describe the skull and teeth of a single terrupted waterfall, the Angel Falls (979 m, Figure 2), are Noctilio leporinus Linnaeus, 1766 collected in the Guiana located in Canaima. In this park, more than 151 species Shield. This skull exhibits a severe anatomical alteration of mammals coexist (Lew et al. 2009), representing 60% of the upper alveolar processes and the mandible on the of those reported for Guiana (i.e. 251 species sensu Lim left side of the skull. et al. 2005) and 40% of those recorded in Venezuela (i.e. The Guiana Shield ecosystems in northern South 341 species sensu Sánchez and Lew 2012). From the mam- America are unique and hold a rich flora and fauna, malian species reported in Canaima, 49% are bats, one of with an exceptional and underestimated degree of end- them being Noctilio leporinus. emism, particularly in the highlands (Bonaccorso and The greater bulldog bat, Noctilio leporinus, is a large bat, Guayasamin 2013). At the landscape scale, it is character- endemic to and widely distributed in the Neotropics. It is a ized by the presence of tepuis, i.e. sandstone flat-top moun- piscivorous species but will also eat large insects and inver- tains with vertical cliffs that rise more than 1000 m a.s.l. tebrates (Brooke 1994). It exhibits several important ana- above the lowland Amazonian woods and Guiana grass- tomical adaptations specific to its feeding habits. The most lands (Huber 1988). From the about 100 known tepuis, evident traits of this species include: absence of a nasal leaf; around 90 are located in southern Venezuela, while the upper lip deeply cleft medially; dental formula I 2/1, C 1/1, remnant 10 are in Western Guyana and Northern Brazil P 1/2, M 3/3; very short and dense fur; wings that attach to (Salerno et al. 2015). the body dorsally and not laterally as in most chiropterans; Figure 1: Canaima National Park, Bolívar state, Venezuela, at the northeastern sector of the Guiana Shield, South America, includes the record location Raudal Wareipa, Rio Cucurital (06°00′52″N, 62°47′42″W; 390 m a.s.l). Brought to you by | Australien National University Authenticated Download Date | 12/25/17 10:40 PM V. Romero and S.C. Pedersen: New abnormality record in bats 3 A B C D Figure 2: Some relevant sites in Canaima National Park, Bolívar state, Venezuela, South America: Auyan-tepui (A) and Angel Falls (B). The Wareipa River originates from Auyan-tepui and flows in the Cucurital River (C) upstream of the record location, Raudal Wareipa (D). Photo credits: (A) and (D) by Celsa Señaris, (C) by Giuseppe Colonnello, and (B) by Víctor Romero. coat coloration varies from brown to orange, usually with by I. Jiménez (field number AFP-1091) at Raudal Wareipa, a clear line along the dorsal region. It possesses a short Rio Cucurital, Canaima National Park, Guayana region, tail that protrudes dorsally from the interfemoral mem- Bolívar state, Venezuela (06°00′52″N, 62°47′42″W; 390 m brane. Although N. leporinus and its sibling species Noctilio a.s.l), on 13 April, 1999 (Figure 2). The specimen was shot albiventris exhibit a great similarity in morphology (Hood with a 16 gage shotgun from a boat on the Cucurital River and Jones 1984), they differ greatly in size, N. leporinus and preserved as dry skin and skull. MHNLS 10988 is the (forearm length >83 mm) being significantly larger than only specimen of N. leporinus reported for Canaima (Lew N. albiventris (forearm length <69 mm). et al. 2009). In a broader research context (Romero 2011), The specimen of Noctilio leporinus (MHNLS 10988) the skin and skull of this specimen was compared with 900 with the aberrant skull is housed in the Museo de Historia vouchers of the two recognized Noctilio species, including Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela. The specimen is an 220 N. leporinus, which correspond to most of the distribu- adult male (weight 66 g; forearm length 87.8 mm), collected tional range and morphological variation currently known Brought to you by | Australien National University Authenticated Download Date | 12/25/17 10:40 PM 4 V.
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