Prohibited Tree Species Criteria Document
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Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2)
Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in The Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2) Zhongzhong Guo Tarim University Qiang Jin Tarim University Zhenkun Zhao Tarim University Wenjun Yu Tarim University Gen Li Tarim University Yunjiang Cheng Tarim University Cuiyun Wu Tarim University rui Zhang ( [email protected] ) Tarim University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-5179 Research Article Keywords: Base sequence, Evolution, Juglandaceae, Ribosomal spacer, Secondary structure Posted Date: May 13th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-501634/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/23 Abstract This study aims to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the Juglandaceae family based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer's primary sequence and secondary structures (ITS2). Comparative analysis of 51 Juglandaceae species was performed across most of the dened seven genera. The results showed that the ITS2 secondary structure's folding pattern was highly conserved and congruent with the eukaryote model. Firstly, Neighbor-joining (N.J.) analysis recognized two subfamilies: Platycaryoideae and Engelhardioideae. The Platycaryoideae included the Platycaryeae (Platycarya+ (Carya+ Annamocarya)) and Juglandeae (Juglans-(Cyclocarya + Pterocarya)). The Engelhardioideae composed the (Engelhardia+Oreomunnea+Alfaroa)). The Rhoiptelea genus was generally regarded as an outgroup when inferring the phylogeny of Juglandaceae. However, it is clustered into the Juglandaceae family and showed a close relationship with the Platycaryoideae subfamily. Secondly, the folded 3-helices and 4-helices secondary structure of ITS2 were founded in the Juglandaceae family. Therefore, these ITS2 structures could be used as formal evidence to analyze Juglandaceae's phylogeny relationship. -
The Difference
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Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14Th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties
IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties The Hague, Netherlands 3–15 June 2007 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC ANALYSES IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties The Hague, Netherlands 3–15 June 2007 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC Production of the 2007 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices was made possible through the support of: • The Commission of the European Union • Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Department for Nature, Netherlands • Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable, Direction de la nature et des paysages, France • Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General para la Biodiversidad, Spain • Office vétérinaire fédéral, Switzerland • Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio, Direzione Protezione della Nature, Italy • Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), UK • Danish Ministry of the Environment, Forest and Nature Agency • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Environment and Water Management, Division for Nature Conservation and Species Protection, Austria IUCN -The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique global partnership - over 1,000 members in some 181 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. -
Architectural Woodwork Standards, 2Nd Edition
Architectural Woodwork Standards SHEET PRODUCTS 4S E C T I O N SECTION 4 Sheet Products table of contents INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION Species ...........................................................................................76 Reconstituted Veneers ...................................................................76 Introduction ...........................................................................................73 Speciality Sheet Products .....................................................................77 Plywood ................................................................................................73 Panel Adhesive .....................................................................................77 Types of Panel ......................................................................................73 Fire Retardance ....................................................................................77 Industrial Grade Particleboard ........................................................73 Photodegradation ..................................................................................77 Moisture Resistant Particleboard ...................................................73 Oxidation ...............................................................................................77 Fire Retardant Particleboard ..........................................................73 Types of Veneer Cuts ............................................................................77 Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) ................................................73 -
Arbor Wood Wallcoverings
TRUST ARBOR WOOD WALLCOVERINGS ARBOR DESIGN GUIDE ARBOR is a comprehensive line of wood wallcoverings and a popular choice for any high-quality interior, made from the highest AA architectural-grade wood veneer. When you need to make quick, first-pass decisions trust this ARBOR DESIGN GUIDE to help focus and narrow your wood veneer wallcovering choices. Then call us, we are here to help! To view our complete line of Arbor products (species, color, and cuts) visit us at koroseal.com/arbor 1 2 CHOICES FOR DESIGNING CHOOSE YOUR CHOOSE YOUR CHOOSE YOUR WITH ARBOR CUT COLOR FACE MATCH Your guide to understanding Arbor® Wood Veneer Wallcoverings FC: Flat or Plain Cut LIGHT Book Match The use of veneer dates back nearly 4,000 years as early forms of it were QC: Quarter Cut Slip Match found in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. Producing highly prized veneer Rift Cut Swing Match RC: Rotary Cut Random Plank entails slicing a thin layer of wood of uniform thickness from a log. Then the Figured more… veneer is produced into sheets covering wall and ceiling surfaces. QC RT Figured Recon DARK With over 100 species of wood, colors and cuts, Arbor is easy to install and provides substantial cost savings compared to traditional millwork. With COLOR is one of the most Arbor’s patented process for slicing incredibly thin veneer, each log’s yield customizable aspects of Arbor increases by approximately 300%. Wood Wallcoverings. If you don’t see a color/stain that matches your vision give us a call - we can help! * Wood is a natural product, and accordingly, color, tone, and grain configuration may vary from the images shown in this brochure or sampling. -
CYCADACEAE Palm-Like Dioecious Plants, the Caudex Bulb
CYCADACEAE Palm-like dioecious plants, the caudex bulb-like, tuber like or columnar, simple or branched, few or several leaves borne from the apex; leaves spirally arranged, often a dense crown on the apex of the stem, coriaceous, pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets usually linear or lanceolate, entire or dentate; inflo rescence borne at the apex of the caudex or lateral, cone-like, the pistillate eones broader than the staminate ones. Three genera native in Central America and about nine in the tropics of the world. Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. is an attractive plant of Mexico and Guatemala that should be in cultivation. Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. Wms. Ceiba 1: 37. 1950. Teosinte, palma teosinte. The Indians of Olancho, Honduras, where the plant is native, boil and grind the large chestnut-like seeds and make of them a kind of tortilla of good flavor and agreeable to eat. The leaves are in demand for decorating altars and for funeral wreaths. Becoming widely distributed as an ornamental. The common name given for this plant is usually that applied to Euchlaena mexicana. Zamia loddigesii Miq. Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 10: 73. 1843. Camotillo, cocalito, teosinte, chacuhua. The large starchy roots are said to be used in poisoning rodents in Petén. There are reports of their use in criminal poisonings which may be or not based on fact. Standley reports that "It is stated, further, that if the root has been out of the ground three days, they cause death in three days; if dug ten days, they kill in ten days, and so on." The coastal Caribs have used the roots as food, after cooking. -
NSOH ADE GABRIEL AGANA Final Copy 05-10-2015.Pdf
KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF DISTANCE LEARNING COLLEGE OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGY RATE OF TIMBER PRODUCTION IN BIBIANI ANHWIASO BEKWAI DISTRICT IN THE WESTERN REGION OVER A PERIOD OF ELEVEN YEARS (2002-2012) AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT THIS THESIS IS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED BIOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE BY NSOH ADE GABRIEL AGANA OCTOBER, 2015 DECLARATION “I declare that I have wholly undertaken this study reported therein under the supervision of Dr. Ebenezer J. D. Belford and that except portions where references have been duly cited, this thesis is the outcome of my research”. Date……………………………… ……………………………………. NSOH ADE GABRIEL AGANA (STUDENT) Date……………………………… ……………………………………. DR. EBENEZER J. D. BELFORD (SUPERVISOR) Date……………………………… ……………………………………. HEAD OF DEPARTMENT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ‘‘It never happens without help’’. - Tom Clancy I thank God Almighty for his inexplicable grace, empowerment and granting me the ability, strength and wisdom throughout this study. I wish to acknowledge with thanks, the guidance, support and encouragement I received from many people whose contributions in diverse ways enabled me to complete this study. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Ebenezer J. D. Belford, Lecturer at the Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology for his immense help, support, advice, encouragement and critical insightful contributions towards this study regardless of his busy schedules. I also extend my heartfelt appreciation to Mr. Yahanes Dissou Arthur, a Lecturer at the University of Education Winneba (UEW), Northern Campus for the help accorded me in analyzing the data of this thesis. -
Precious Woods Background Paper 1
Chatham House Workshop: Tackling the Trade in Illegal Precious Woods 23-24 April 2012 Background Paper 1: Precious Woods: Exploitation of the Finest Timber Prepared by TRAFFIC Authors: Section 1: Anna Jenkins, Neil Bridgland, Rachel Hembery & Ulrich Malessa Section 2: James Hewitt, Ulrich Malessa & Chen Hin Keong This review was commissioned from TRAFFIC by The Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House), London UK. TRAFFIC supervised the elaboration of the review with support of Ethical Change Ltd, Llanidloes UK. The review was developed as one of three studies to explore the social and ecological impacts of trade, related exporting and importing country regulations as well as to develop recommendations to reduce the negative impacts of trade in precious woods species. Contact details of lead authors and supervisor: Section 1 & Appendices Anna Jenkins Ethical Change Ltd Tryfan, Llanidloes, SY18 6HU, Wales, UK [email protected] Section 2 James Hewitt [email protected] Section 1 & 2 (technical supervisor) Ulrich Malessa TRAFFIC WWF US 1250 24 th ST NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA [email protected] 2 Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Section 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents One|Foundations: What is Wood? HARDWOODS1 AND SOFTWOODS | TREE GROWTH | SAPWOOD AND HEARTWOOD PLANES OR SURFACES OF WOOD | GRAIN APPEARANCE | RAYS Two|Building on Basics: Wood and Moisture 7DIMENSIONAL SHRINKAGE | WOOD FINISHES AND MOISTURE FINISHING OILY OR RESINOUS WOODS Three|A Closer Look: Identifying Wood 15GREAT EXPECTATIONS | FILL IN THE BLANK, OR MULTIPLE CHOICE? DEDUCTIVE WOOD IDENTIFICATION Four|Under the Lens: Softwood Anatomy 25RESIN CANALS | TRACHEIDS | EARLYWOOD TO LATEWOOD TRANSITION GRAIN CONTRAST | PARENCHYMA | RAYS Five|Under the Lens: Hardwood Anatomy VESSEL29 ELEMENTS | PARENCHYMA | RAYS | WOOD FIBERS | MONOCOTS: A SPECIAL CASE Six|A Kaleidoscope: The Wood Profiles 39PROFILE FIELDS EXPLAINED | WOOD PROFILES Appendices and Back Matter APPENDIX253 A: JANKA HARDNESS MASTERLIST | APPENDIX B: MODULUS OF RUPTURE MASTERLIST APPENDIX C: MODULUS OF ELASTICITY MASTERLIST | BIBLIOGRAPHY | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | INDEX A Brief Introduction: From the Author hen it comes to those who work with wood, there At that point, a line had been drawn in the sand. I Wseems to be generally two classes of people: scien- determined that as I made an effort to learn (and there- tists and craftsmen. Thisbook was written for the latter. after teach others) about scientific wood data and iden- What I have found in my own personal observation tification, I didn’t need to consult with the “other side” of those that work with wood is that the fi st class of to see what would be most helpful to them: I was the people, the scientists, are almost drowning in knowl- other side! I realized that I was a woodworker, and not edge. Yet the craftsmen, through no particular fault a scientist—and for my purposes, that was not neces- of their own, are suffering in a relative dearth of solid sarily a bad thing. -
5.0 Supplemental Information
Home > Standards > Wood Stair, Handrail, and Guard Systems > 5.0 Supplemental Information Menu Contents 5.1 Glossaries 5.2 Design Professional Responsibilities 5.3 Surface Categories 5.4 SMA Supplemental Documents 5.5 References 5.6 Exceptions to Material Requirements 5.0 Supplemental Information 5.1 Glossaries a) The Architectural Woodwork Institute glossary can be found at: https://www.awinet.org/standards/glossary b) The Stairbuilders and Manufacturers Association Glossary of Stair Terminology can be found at: http://stairways.org/awismastandard 5.2 Design Professional Responsibilities a) The authority having jurisdiction for enforcement of the applicable building code shall be stated in contract documents by the design professional. 5.3 Surface Categories 5.3.1 Exposed a) Dened as all exterior and interior surfaces exposed to view. 5.3.2 Semi-Exposed a) Dened as surfaces that are generally neither visible nor accessible to the building occupants and/or general public but can be made visible or accessible by the movement of a component. 5.3.3 Concealed a) Dened as surfaces that are neither visible nor accessible to the building occupants and/or general public under normal circumstances. 5.4 SMA Supplemental Documents a) SMA provides additional resources for stair manufacturers, engineers, and design professionals at https://stairways.org/awismastandard b) Some of the documents included are: SMA Visual Interpretations of the International Residential Code Mississippi State University Design Values Report Summary Design Values for Domestic -
PC11 Doc. 13.3
PC11 Doc. 13.3 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Eleventh meeting of the Plants Committee Langkawi (Malaysia), 3-7 September 2001 Review of the Appendices TREE SPECIES (DECISION 11.116) 1. This document has been prepared by the Scientific Authority of the Netherlands. 2. At its ninth meeting (Darwin, Australia, June 1999), the CITES Plants Committee considered a document Contribution to an evaluation of tree species using the new CITES Listing Criteria, prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre on behalf of the CITES Management Authority of the Netherlands. 3. It was decided that the document provided a good basis for the discussion on tree species listed, or not listed in the various Appendices. 4. The key information on these species, available today through the above-mentioned document, on tree species actually included in Appendices I, II and III, is included in the Annex to this document. PC11 Doc. 13.3 – p. 1 PC11 Doc. 13.3 – p. 2 PC11 Doc. 13.3 Annex Araucariaceae; Araucaria araucana Appendix I (Chile and Argentine) Distribution: Argentina (Neuquén), Chile. Ranges from the Coastal Cordillera of Chile to the Andes in Argentina. Population status and trends:The populations on the coast are restricted and highly threatened. Andean populations are severely fragmented. Chile holds the largest population, some of which are being illegally felled in and outside national park boundaries. A rough estimate in 1981 suggested that 600,000 acres of Araucaria forest remain in Chile, yielding a possible 1215 million ft3. Most of the trees are scattered or in inaccessible places. -
Stand Structure of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons in Different
BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2011, N° 307 (1) STRUCTURE DE PEUPLEMENTS / LE POINT SUR… 33 Stand structure of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons in different successional stages in Corcovado Fidèle Bognounou1, 2, 3 Renée Morton3 National Park, Costa Rica Sarah Ayangma3 Laurence Jonkers3 Christer Björkman3 Helena Bylund3 Colin M. Orians4 Andres Vega5 Per Chister Oden2 1 University of Ouagadougou Life Sciences and Earth Sciences Training and Research Department 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso 2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden 3 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Ecology Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala Sweden 4 Department of Biology Tufts University 120 Dana Building Medford, MA 02155 USA 5 Corcovado National Park 400 E, 75 S, 75 E de la Municipalidad de Tibas Tibas Costa Rica Photograph 1. Primary forest. Photograph S. Ayangma. BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2011, N° 307 (1) F. Bognounou, R. Morton, 34 FOCUS / STAND STRUCTURE S. Ayangma, L. Jonkers, C. Björkman, H. Bylund, C. M. Orians, A. Vega, P. C. Oden RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT RESUMEN STRUCTURE DES PEUPLEMENTS DE STAND STRUCTURE OF MONOCOTYLEDONS ESTRUCTURA DE LOS RODALES DE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET DICOTYLEDONES AND DICOTYLEDONS IN DIFFERENT MONOCOTILEDÓNEAS Y DICOTILEDÓNEAS LORS DE DIFFERENTS STADES DE SUCCESSIONAL STAGES IN CORCOVADO EN DIFERENTES ETAPAS DE SUCESIÓN SUCCESSION DANS LE PARC NATIONAL NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DE CORCOVADO DE CORCOVADO AU COSTA RICA EN COSTA RICA Les deux grands groupes d’angiospermes, The two major groups of angiosperms, Los dos principales grupos de angiosper- monocotylédones et dicotylédones, diffè- monocotyledons and dicotyledons, differ mas, monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas, rent à plusieurs égards au niveau de leur in several of their life history traits.