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Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2)
Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in The Walnut Family Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences and Secondary Structures(ITS2) Zhongzhong Guo Tarim University Qiang Jin Tarim University Zhenkun Zhao Tarim University Wenjun Yu Tarim University Gen Li Tarim University Yunjiang Cheng Tarim University Cuiyun Wu Tarim University rui Zhang ( [email protected] ) Tarim University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-5179 Research Article Keywords: Base sequence, Evolution, Juglandaceae, Ribosomal spacer, Secondary structure Posted Date: May 13th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-501634/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/23 Abstract This study aims to investigate the phylogenetic relationships within the Juglandaceae family based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer's primary sequence and secondary structures (ITS2). Comparative analysis of 51 Juglandaceae species was performed across most of the dened seven genera. The results showed that the ITS2 secondary structure's folding pattern was highly conserved and congruent with the eukaryote model. Firstly, Neighbor-joining (N.J.) analysis recognized two subfamilies: Platycaryoideae and Engelhardioideae. The Platycaryoideae included the Platycaryeae (Platycarya+ (Carya+ Annamocarya)) and Juglandeae (Juglans-(Cyclocarya + Pterocarya)). The Engelhardioideae composed the (Engelhardia+Oreomunnea+Alfaroa)). The Rhoiptelea genus was generally regarded as an outgroup when inferring the phylogeny of Juglandaceae. However, it is clustered into the Juglandaceae family and showed a close relationship with the Platycaryoideae subfamily. Secondly, the folded 3-helices and 4-helices secondary structure of ITS2 were founded in the Juglandaceae family. Therefore, these ITS2 structures could be used as formal evidence to analyze Juglandaceae's phylogeny relationship. -
Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14Th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties
IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties The Hague, Netherlands 3–15 June 2007 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC ANALYSES IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties The Hague, Netherlands 3–15 June 2007 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC Production of the 2007 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices was made possible through the support of: • The Commission of the European Union • Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Department for Nature, Netherlands • Ministère de l'écologie et du développement durable, Direction de la nature et des paysages, France • Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General para la Biodiversidad, Spain • Office vétérinaire fédéral, Switzerland • Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio, Direzione Protezione della Nature, Italy • Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), UK • Danish Ministry of the Environment, Forest and Nature Agency • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Environment and Water Management, Division for Nature Conservation and Species Protection, Austria IUCN -The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agencies and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations in a unique global partnership - over 1,000 members in some 181 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. -
CYCADACEAE Palm-Like Dioecious Plants, the Caudex Bulb
CYCADACEAE Palm-like dioecious plants, the caudex bulb-like, tuber like or columnar, simple or branched, few or several leaves borne from the apex; leaves spirally arranged, often a dense crown on the apex of the stem, coriaceous, pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets usually linear or lanceolate, entire or dentate; inflo rescence borne at the apex of the caudex or lateral, cone-like, the pistillate eones broader than the staminate ones. Three genera native in Central America and about nine in the tropics of the world. Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. is an attractive plant of Mexico and Guatemala that should be in cultivation. Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. Wms. Ceiba 1: 37. 1950. Teosinte, palma teosinte. The Indians of Olancho, Honduras, where the plant is native, boil and grind the large chestnut-like seeds and make of them a kind of tortilla of good flavor and agreeable to eat. The leaves are in demand for decorating altars and for funeral wreaths. Becoming widely distributed as an ornamental. The common name given for this plant is usually that applied to Euchlaena mexicana. Zamia loddigesii Miq. Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 10: 73. 1843. Camotillo, cocalito, teosinte, chacuhua. The large starchy roots are said to be used in poisoning rodents in Petén. There are reports of their use in criminal poisonings which may be or not based on fact. Standley reports that "It is stated, further, that if the root has been out of the ground three days, they cause death in three days; if dug ten days, they kill in ten days, and so on." The coastal Caribs have used the roots as food, after cooking. -
Stand Structure of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons in Different
BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2011, N° 307 (1) STRUCTURE DE PEUPLEMENTS / LE POINT SUR… 33 Stand structure of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons in different successional stages in Corcovado Fidèle Bognounou1, 2, 3 Renée Morton3 National Park, Costa Rica Sarah Ayangma3 Laurence Jonkers3 Christer Björkman3 Helena Bylund3 Colin M. Orians4 Andres Vega5 Per Chister Oden2 1 University of Ouagadougou Life Sciences and Earth Sciences Training and Research Department 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso 2 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre PO Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden 3 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Ecology Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala Sweden 4 Department of Biology Tufts University 120 Dana Building Medford, MA 02155 USA 5 Corcovado National Park 400 E, 75 S, 75 E de la Municipalidad de Tibas Tibas Costa Rica Photograph 1. Primary forest. Photograph S. Ayangma. BOIS ET FORÊTS DES TROPIQUES, 2011, N° 307 (1) F. Bognounou, R. Morton, 34 FOCUS / STAND STRUCTURE S. Ayangma, L. Jonkers, C. Björkman, H. Bylund, C. M. Orians, A. Vega, P. C. Oden RÉSUMÉ ABSTRACT RESUMEN STRUCTURE DES PEUPLEMENTS DE STAND STRUCTURE OF MONOCOTYLEDONS ESTRUCTURA DE LOS RODALES DE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET DICOTYLEDONES AND DICOTYLEDONS IN DIFFERENT MONOCOTILEDÓNEAS Y DICOTILEDÓNEAS LORS DE DIFFERENTS STADES DE SUCCESSIONAL STAGES IN CORCOVADO EN DIFERENTES ETAPAS DE SUCESIÓN SUCCESSION DANS LE PARC NATIONAL NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DE CORCOVADO DE CORCOVADO AU COSTA RICA EN COSTA RICA Les deux grands groupes d’angiospermes, The two major groups of angiosperms, Los dos principales grupos de angiosper- monocotylédones et dicotylédones, diffè- monocotyledons and dicotyledons, differ mas, monocotiledóneas y dicotiledóneas, rent à plusieurs égards au niveau de leur in several of their life history traits. -
Supplementary Material
Xiang et al., Page S1 Supporting Information Fig. S1. Examples of the diversity of diaspore shapes in Fagales. Fig. S2. Cladogram of Fagales obtained from the 5-marker data set. Fig. S3. Chronogram of Fagales obtained from analysis of the 5-marker data set in BEAST. Fig. S4. Time scale of major fagalean divergence events during the past 105 Ma. Fig. S5. Confidence intervals of expected clade diversity (log scale) according to age of stem group. Fig. S6. Evolution of diaspores types in Fagales with BiSSE model. Fig. S7. Evolution of diaspores types in Fagales with Mk1 model. Fig. S8. Evolution of dispersal modes in Fagales with MuSSE model. Fig. S9. Evolution of dispersal modes in Fagales with Mk1 model. Fig. S10. Reconstruction of pollination syndromes in Fagales with BiSSE model. Fig. S11. Reconstruction of pollination syndromes in Fagales with Mk1 model. Fig. S12. Reconstruction of habitat shifts in Fagales with MuSSE model. Fig. S13. Reconstruction of habitat shifts in Fagales with Mk1 model. Fig. S14. Stratigraphy of fossil fagalean genera. Table S1 Genera of Fagales indicating the number of recognized and sampled species, nut sizes, habits, pollination modes, and geographic distributions. Table S2 List of taxa included in this study, sources of plant material, and GenBank accession numbers. Table S3 Primers used for amplification and sequencing in this study. Table S4 Fossil age constraints utilized in this study of Fagales diversification. Table S5 Fossil fruits reviewed in this study. Xiang et al., Page S2 Table S6 Statistics from the analyses of the various data sets. Table S7 Estimated ages for all families and genera of Fagales using BEAST. -
Global Biogeographic Synthesis and Priority Conservation Regions of the Relict Tree Family Juglandaceae
Appendix S1 An update on the classification of subfamilies, genera and species of the relict tree family Juglandaceae Yi-Gang Song1,2,3, Yann Fragnière1, Hong-Hu Meng4, Ying Li2,3, Sébastien Bétrisey1, Adriana Corrales5, Steven Manchester6, Min Deng2,3, Anna K. Jasińska7, Hoàng Văn Sâm8, Gregor Kozlowski1,9 1 Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 2 Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China 3 Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 3888 Chenhua Road, Songjiang, Shanghai 201602, China 4 Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuefu Rd. 88, Wuhua District, Kunming 650223, China 5 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24No. 63C-69, Bogota 111221, Colombia 6 Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 1659 Museum Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 7 Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland 8 Vietnam National University of Forestry, Xuan Mai, Ha Noi, Vietnam 9 Natural History Museum Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Correspondence Gregor Kozlowski, Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] -
Early Warning Macroscopic Guide
Early warning macroscopic guide to timbers listed in CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna - Luis García Esteban Paloma de Palacios de Palacios Peter Gasson Francisco García Fernández Antonio de Marco Blanco Alberto García Iruela Lydia García Esteban David González de Vega Early warning macroscopic guide to timbers listed in CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna - Published by: © Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) Madrid 2020 www.miteco.es Plaza San Juan de la Cruz s/n 28003 Madrid SPAIN Spanish Action Plan against wildlife trafficking and international poaching of wildlife species (Plan de Acción Español contra el Tráfico Ilegal y © Authors’ content copyright el Furtivismo Internacional de Especies Silvestres) Images marked ©S with Shutterstock.com licence Ecoguardas Cover photography: Shutterstock Macrophotograph of Diospyros L. - Ebenaceae - (Luis García Esteban) Luis García Esteban Paloma de Palacios de Palacios Peter Gasson NIPO: 665-20-007-9 (Paper), 665-20-008-4 (USB) and 665-20-009-X (on line) Francisco García Fernández Legal deposit: M-19859-2020 (Paper) and M-19860-2020 (USB) Antonio de Marco Blanco ISBN: 978-84-18508-14-1 (Paper), 978-84-18508-15-8 (USB) and 978-84-18508-16-5 (on line) Legal notice: The contents of this publication, except images subject Alberto García Iruela to expressly indicated copyright, may be reused citing the source and, Lydia García Esteban Catalogue of Spanish Government Publications: https://cpage.mpr.gob.es where applicable, the date of the latest edition. David González de Vega Buenaventura For bibliographic purposes this work should be cited as follows: Esteban L.G., de Palacios P., Gasson P., García-Fernández F., de Marco A., García-Iruela A., García-Esteban Ly., González-de-Vega D. -
Volumes 6 and 8 Update Volume 7
Volume 19, Number 1 January–June 2005 VOLUMES 6 AND 8 UPDATE VOLUME 7 UPDATE Volumes 6 and 8, treating Magnoliophyta: Dilleniidae, Volume 7, treating Magnoliophyta: Dilleniidae, part 2, part 1, and Magnoliophyta: Dilleniidae, part 3, and is scheduled for publication in late 2006. The volume Rosidae, part 1, respectively, are scheduled for publica- is being processed at the Missouri Botanical Garden tion in 2007. These volumes are being processed at the Center with Lead Editor James Zarucchi and Taxon editorial centers at Hunt Institute and the University of Editors David Boufford (Harvard University Herbaria) Kansas, respectively. and Leila Shultz (Utah State University). The volume will cover Salicaceae (2 genera, 115 species), The Lead Editor for Volume 6 is Robert Kiger. The Capparaceae (8/38), Brassicaceae (95/ca. 700), volume will cover 24 families (larger families include Moringaceae (1/1), and Resedaceae (2/6). To date, Malvaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Sterculiaceae) with manuscripts for nearly 80 genera and almost 250 approximately 118 genera. Currently, ca. three (13%) species have been received and are being processed of the family treatments and 26 (22%) of the generic prior to their distribution for regional review this fall. treatments are in hand and in either prereview or review status. Volume 8 will treat 753 species in 130 genera in 20 VOLUMES 19–21 UPDATE families. Important families that will be treated are Ericaceae, Crassulaceae, and Saxifragaceae. Treatments The Asteraceae, the largest family in the FNA area, is for six families (30%), 39 genera (30%), and 265 in the final stages of writing and editing at the editorial species (35%) have been submitted; many of these center at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. -
Caracterización Poblacional De Cinco Especies Arbóreas Ecológicamente Importantes En El Corredor Biológico Turrialba Jiménez, Costa Rica
PROGRAMA DE EDUCACIÓN PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA CONSERVACIÓN ESCUELA DE POSGRADO Caracterización poblacional de cinco especies arbóreas ecológicamente importantes en el Corredor Biológico Turrialba Jiménez, Costa Rica. Tesis sometida a consideración de la Escuela de Postgrado, Programa de Educación para el Desarrollo y la Conservación del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza como requisito para optar por el grado de: Magister Scientiae Manejo y Conservación de Bosques Tropicales y Biodiversidad Por Guillermo Francisco Guerrero Aguirre Turrialba, Costa Rica, 2005 ii DEDICATORIA A la memoria de: Aura Marina Nicaragua Téllez, quien se marchó en los momentos más importantes de mi vida. Esmeralda Martínez Cuenca y Silvio Vargas Guzmán, a ellos que me ayudaron en mi formación profesional. A mis queridos abuelos que soñaron con mi formación. A todos ellos donde quiera que se encuentren va mi envío y mi plegaria. Dedico este trabajo A Dios por la virtud y sabiduría que me dio para finalizar una vez más mis estudios profesionales. A mi querido hijo Guillermo Francisco por todos los difíciles momentos en que no he estado a su lado. A mis queridos padres que en medio de los difíciles momentos me han sabido comprender y me han apoyado, a mis hermanos que sin vacilaciones han estado a mi lado en los duros momentos en los que he transitado, a mis queridos sobrinos que son parte de la razón de mi vida, el apoyo incondicional de todos ellos hizo posible una vez más la culminación de mis estudios lejos de mi amada y querida Nicaragua Nicaragüita. iii AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) por la oportunidad de haberme dado estudios de maestría en este país Centroamericano. -
Cop14 Prop. 26
CoP14 Prop. 26 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Fourteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties The Hague (Netherlands), 3-15 June 2007 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Merging and amendment of annotations #1, #4 and #8 to read: Current Taxon Proposed annotation Annotation Cactaceae spp. (#4) Designates all parts and derivatives, except: #1, #4, #8 and Orchidaceae spp. a) seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia), except (#8) in Appendix II, seeds of Mexican Cactaceae spp. originating in Mexico; and all taxa annotated with #1 b) seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers and cut leaves (excluding phylloclades and other stem parts, and pseudobulbs) of artificially propagated plants; d) fruits and parts and derivatives thereof of naturalized or artificially propagated plants of the genera Vanilla (Orchidaceae), Opuntia subgenus Opuntia, Hylocereus and Selenicereus (Cactaceae); e) separate stem joints (pads), stem sections and flowers and parts and derivatives thereof of naturalized or artificially propagated plants of the genera Opuntia subgenus Opuntia, and Selenicereus (Cactaceae); f) finished products that are packaged and ready for retail trade (excluding whole or grafted specimens, seeds, bulbs and other propagules) of Aloe spp., Aquilaria malaccensis, Cactaceae spp., Cibotium barometz, Cistanche deserticola, Cyclamen spp., Dionaea muscipula, Euphorbia spp., Galanthus spp., Orchidaceae spp. and Prunus africana; and g) non-living herbarium specimens for non-commercial purposes. B. Proponent Switzerland CoP14 Prop. 26 – p. 1 C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy Cactaceae spp. (#4) Orchidaceae spp. -
IF Escenarios
INDICE DE ANEXOS Anexo A 239 Anexo B 241 Anexo C 244 Anexo D 245 Anexo E 249 Anexo F 253 Anexo G 288 Anexo H 340 Anexo I 348 Anexo J 352 Anexo K 371 Anexo L 376 Anexo M 383 Anexo N 390 Anexo O 406 Anexo P 443 Anexo Q 445 Anexo R 449 ESTUDIOS ESTUDIO DE CAMBIO CLIMATICO EN COSTA RICA ANEXO A Cuadro 1. Información climatológica de las estaciones de referencia. (IMN, 1997) Lugar Latitud Longitud Temperatura Lluvia promedio promedio anual anual T°C / Período mm / Período Liberia 10º36' 85º32' 27,5 / 1976.95 1565.3 / 1975-97 Puntarenas 09º59' 84º46' 27,9 / 1961.96 1488.1 / 1958-96 Juan Santamaría 10º00' 84º12' 22,8 / 1957.96 1967.2 / 1956-97 San José 09º56' 84º05' 20,6 / 1961.82 1800.5 / 1888.1995 Limón 10º00' 83º03' 25,8 / 1961.96 3509.6 / 1941.96 Palmar Sur 08º57' 83º28' 27,0 / 1961.93 3646.2 / 1941.94 Cuadro 2. Resumen de las principales características de los modelos utilizados en este estudio. MODELO Resolución CO2 base para Temperatura Lat / Long (°) 1XCO2 (ppm) 2XCO2 (°C) Canadian Climate Center Model (CCCM) 3.75° x 3.75° 330 3.5 United Kingdom Metetorological Office 5.0° x 7.5° 320 5.2 Model (UKMO) United Kingdom Metetorological Office 2.50° x 3.75° 320 3.5 Model run 1989 (UK89) Goddard Institute for Space Studies 3.9° x 5°, 315 ND (GISS-94) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 2.22° x 3.75° 300 4.0 (GFDL-R30) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 4.44° x 7.50° ---------- 4.0 (2) GF01 (transient-1991) Hadley Centre Model (HADCM2GHG o 2.50° x 3.75° 323 ------------ HCGG) Hadley Centre Model (HADCM2SUL o 2.50° x 3.75° 323 ------------ HCGS, incluye aerosoles) (1): Los resultados de estos modelos fueron preparados para una grilla común de 4° x 5°. -
Cites in Southeast Asia Watch E-Bulletin Issue No
CCIIITTEESS IIINN SSOOUUTTHHEEAASSTT AASSIIIAA WWAATTCCHH EE---BBUULLLLEETTIIINN IIISSSSUUEE NNOO... 1188,,, AAUUGGUUSSTT 22000077 Dear Reader, The CITES in Southeast Asia e-Bulletin aims to help government agencies, organisations and interested individuals in the ASEAN region to keep updated on CITES-related issues, events and plans in South-east Asia. The overall aim is to facilitate and to encourage increased cooperation and information sharing on wildlife trade issues that are important to South-east Asia. This e-Bulletin is produced by TRAFFIC – the wildlife trade monitoring network of WWF and IUCN. TRAFFIC and its partners continue to work in partnership with South-east Asian governments – as well as with the ASEAN Secretariat and relevant ASEAN fora – to address wildlife trade, CITES implementation and wildlife trade law enforcement. You may access previous e-bulletin issues and other resources via the ASEAN Wildlife Trade Initiative’s website: http://www.traffic.org/25/network9/ASEAN. Please do not hesitate to get in touch with TRAFFIC Southeast Asia should you have any queries or requests for further information on CITES and wildlife trade in South-east Asia. Julia Ng Su-Chen, Programme Officer, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia [email protected] Calendar of events: 9-13 July 2007 10th Meeting of the AEG on Herbal and Medicinal Plants, Bali, Indonesia 9th Meeting of the AEG on Research and development for Forest Products, Bali, Indonesia 9th Seminar on Current International Issues Effecting Forestry and Forest Products, Bali, Indonesia