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Late Medieval Hypocausts with Heat Storage in Estonia
Andres Tvauri LATE MEDIEVAL HYPO CAUSTS WITH HEAT STORAGE IN ESTONIA INTRODUCTION As often happens with archaeologists, the stimulus for writing this article was a discovery unexpectedly brought to light from under the ground. In autumn 2007, I had the opportunity to study a large medieval heat storage furnace (Figs. 1 and 2) constituting the central part of the hot air heating system, or hypo caust, of a former grooms’ building. It was unexpectedly unearthed in the course of construction work in the outer bailey of the medieval Order Castle of Viljandi.1 The furnace found in the Viljandi Castle was a nice but, in the context of Estonian medieval fi nds, rather ordinary discovery. In Old Livonia, roughly corresponding to the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia, hot air heating systems in which the core was a furnace fi lled with large stones, making it possible to store heat and rid oneself of the need to con- stantly heat the furnace or the fi replace, was used in the 13th to the 16th centuries before the introduction of Dutch tile stoves in castles, monas- teries and in residential and public buildings in towns. Starting in the 1930s, such furnaces, or their archaeologically studied remains, have been found in numerous medieval buildings in Estonia. The furnace found in Viljandi induced me to look for literature about hypo causts with heat storage. With the assistance of my colleague Erki Russow, the most thorough paper on medieval hot air heating systems ever written soon landed on my desk – a thesis published by the Ger- man researcher Klaus Bingenheimer in 1998, Die Luftheizungen des Mittelalters. -
Tallinn City Guidebook
www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow 11 top things to do in Tallinn, Estonia Published Date : August 24, 2020 Categories : Estonia Estonia, a small country in Northern Europe borders the Baltic Sea, Russia, and Latvia. Estonia’s capital Tallinn is quite famous for it’s well preserved medieval old town and it’s cathedrals. There are many things to do in Tallinn and the city is similar to any other European city. Tallinn was in my itinerary as a part of four country cruise trip (Stockholm — Tallinn — St. Petersburg — Helsinki — Stockholm). Pm2am were the organizers and it was their inaugural cruise trip too. 11 things to do in Tallinn 1. Free walking tour To know any European city, take a walking tour, especially in the old town. The tour guide gives a brief overview of the history, architecture, how the city was affected during war times, and many more insights. They show you places that even google maps can’t locate. Tallinn offers many free walking tours like the one from traveller, freetour. You just need to be on time at the meeting point and they take care of the rest. I also did a free walking tour in Warsaw and Belgrade. www.infinitewalks.com Click icon to follow The tour typically lasts 2 – 2.5 hours depending on your group size. Don’t forget to tip the guide at the end. Travel Tip: Do the tour on your first day and ask the guide for the best local food, things to do in the city, nightlife. It allows you to plan the vacation more efficiently. -
Event Reader
EÜL is very grateful for the support of the European Youth Foundation of the Council of Europe, Estonian National Foundation of Civil Society (Kodanikuühiskonna Sihtkapital), Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, Tallinn University and Tartu Mill. Welcome! Dear Friends from the European student movement, I am most happy to welcome you on behalf of Federation of Estonian Student Unions (EÜL) to the 35th European Students’ Convention (ESC) in Tallinn. EÜL is hosting ESC for the very first time and we have chosen our medieval yet high tech capital as the intriguing venue. The ESC “Inclusive Student Movement” concentrates on the safety and well- being of international students in the society and their inclusion in the student movement. EÜL sees problems with the latter aspects both in Estonia and in Europe at large. Together with globalization the internationalisation of higher education in Europe has increased rapidly. Each year there are more and more students who continue their studies abroad. Unfortunately, different societies are not always welcoming of international people, causing the students to experience discrimination in different forms. Furthermore not all higher education institutions are prepared to offer the necessary support and information needed to make the integration of international students and the overcoming of cultural barriers smooth. In addition, there is also a lack of representation of international students on the local, national and international level in the student bodies. The prior description paints a quite gloomy picture. We see there’s a lot of room for improvement. And there always will be because its like Don Quixote and his fights with the windmills. -
Collections Security Issues at the National Library of Estonia
Collections security issues at the National Library of Estonia Kaire Lass Keeper of collections 06.09.2019 www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee We store knowledge to share it with you! 100 years of collecting, preserving and providing public access to the national heritage Piret Lotman. Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu 1918-2018 / National Library of Estonia 1918-2018. Tallinn, Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, 2018 2 www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee Background (1) • 21.12.1918 State Library was founded • In the first decades, the premises were located in Toompea Castle • From 18.07.1919 it received legal deposit copies of Estonian literature • In 1935 was founded archival collection • By the end of 1930`s the basic collection consisted more than 50 000 volumes Toompea Castle, mid- 19 th century. Album von Reval und Umgegend www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee 3 Background (2) • 1944 – 1988 the library wore the name State Library of the Estonian SSR • 1947 – 1993 the main building of the State Library was in the former Estonian Knighthood House in Toompea • In 1954 the rare books collection was established • 14.10.1988 State Library was renamed National Library of Estonia • In 1989 the National Library of Estonia regained its status as a parliamentary library 4 www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee Background (3) • 11.09.1993 the new building of the NLE was opened - 43 451 m 2 area - 34 storages (12 000 m 2) - 11 reading rooms (2018) - 561 seats for users (2018) - 3,2 million physical items (2018) - 500 000 digital items (2018) - over 47 000 registered users (2018) - more than 169 000 library visits (2018) Photo: Teet Malsroos 5 www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee Openness and free access to the services Before Now 6 www.rahvusraamatukogu.ee Collections management The structure of physical collections (2018 – total 3 248 068 units): No NAME DESCRIPTION AMOUNT I PRESERVATION COLLECTIONS Archival Collection One copy of each edition issued in Estonia (incl. -
Study Visit of Young Journalists to Estonia “100 Friends”
Study visit of young journalists to Estonia “100 Friends” 2-9 August, 2015 Dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Estonia in 2018 Tallinn 2015 PROGRAMME Sunday, 2nd August Arrival of the participants in Tallinn. Complimentary refreshments will be available in the Senso restaurant 19.00-21.00. Monday, 3th August WELCOME TO ESTONIA / ESTONIAN HISTORY, CULTURE, LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY/ ESTONIAN FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY 08.45 Gathering in the Radisson Blu Hotel Olümpia lobby, walk to the Estonian MFA (Islandi väljak 1, guest entrance Lauteri 2). Please have your photo-ID with you! 09.00 Coffee and refreshments at the MFA 09.15 - 10.00 Welcome remarks by Mr Taavi Toom (Director General of the Public Diplomacy Department) Presentation of the team, participants and detailed programme by Mr Jorma Sarv (Organising Committee of Estonia 100 / EU Presidency 2018, Head of the International Programme, Government Office) 10.00 - 10.45 Introduction to Estonia: history, culture, language by Mr Toomas Kiho (Editor in chief of journal of Estonian academic culture “Akadeemia”, Adviser to the Prime Minister) 10.45 – 11.00 GROUP PHOTO 11.00 – 11.30 Coffee and refreshments 11.30 – 13.00 Introduction to Estonia: society. By Annika Uudelepp (Member of Board, Director of Governance and Civil Society Program at Praxis) 13.00 - 14.00 Buffet lunch 14.00 – 15.15 Estonian foreign and security policy by Ms Marina Kaljurand (Foreign Minister) and by Ms Kyllike Sillaste Elling (Undersecretary, Political Affairs) 2 LEGENDS OF OLD TALLINN 15.30 - 17.15 Tallinn -
Yearbook 2015
2015 AS MERKO EHITUS GROUP Consolidated Annual Report 01.01.2015 - 31.12.2015 Business name: AS Merko Ehitus Main activities: Holding companies General contracting of construction Real estate development Commercial Register No.: 11520257 Address: Järvevana tee 9G, 11314 Tallinn Postal address: Pärnu mnt 141, 11314 Tallinn Phone: +372 650 1250 Fax: +372 650 1251 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: group.merko.ee Auditor: AS PricewaterhouseCoopers Supervisory Board: Toomas Annus, Teet Roopalu, Indrek Neivelt, Olari Taal Management Board: Andres Trink, Tõnu Toomik BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE GROUP 5 STATEMENT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE MANAGEMENT BOARD 13 MANAGEMENT REPORT 14 MANAGEMENT DECLARATION 80 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 81 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 81 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 82 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 83 CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT 84 NOTES 85 NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING NOTE 24 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 112 POLICIES 85 NOTE 25 LEASED ASSETS 113 NOTE 2 MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES 94 NOTE 26 BORROWINGS 114 NOTE 3 OPERATING SEGMENTS 96 NOTE 27 PAYABLES AND PREPAYMENTS 115 NOTE 4 COST OF GOODS SOLD 99 NOTE 28 PROVISIONS 116 NOTE 5 MARKETING EXPENSES 99 NOTE 29 OTHER LONG-TERM PAYABLES 116 NOTE 6 GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 99 NOTE 30 LOAN COLLATERALS AND PLEDGED ASSETS 116 NOTE 7 OTHER OPERATING INCOME 99 NOTE 31 SHARE CAPITAL 117 NOTE 8 OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES 99 NOTE 32 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS 118 NOTE 9 FINANCE INCOME 99 NOTE 33 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 118 NOTE 10 -
City Break 100 Free Offers & Discounts for Exploring Tallinn!
City Break 100 free offers & discounts for exploring Tallinn! Tallinn Card is your all-in-one ticket to the very best the city has to offer. Accepted in 100 locations, the card presents a simple, cost-effective way to explore Tallinn on your own, choosing the sights that interest you most. Tips to save money with Tallinn Card Sample visits with Normal 48 h 48 h Tallinn Card Adult Tallinn Price Card 48-hour Tallinn Card - €32 FREE 1st Day • Admission to 40 top city attractions, including: Sightseeing tour € 20 € 0 – Museums Seaplane Harbour (Lennusadam) € 10 € 0 – Churches, towers and town wall – Tallinn Zoo and Tallinn Botanic Garden Kiek in de Kök and Bastion Tunnels € 8,30 € 0 – Tallinn TV Tower and Seaplane Harbour National Opera Estonia -15% € 18 € 15,30 (Lennusadam) • Unlimited use of public transport 2nd Day • One city sightseeing tour of your choice Tallinn TV Tower € 7 € 0 • Ice skating in Old Town • Bicycle and boat rental Estonian Open Air Museum with free audioguide € 15,59 € 0 • Bowling or billiards Tallinn Zoo € 5,80 € 0 • Entrance to one of Tallinn’s most popular Public transport (Day card) € 3 € 0 nightclubs • All-inclusive guidebook with city maps Bowling € 18 € 0 Total cost € 105,69 € 47,30 DISCOUNTS ON *Additional discounts in restaurants, cafés and shops plus 130-page Tallinn Card guidebook • Sightseeing tours in Tallinn and on Tallinn Bay • Day trips to Lahemaa National Park, The Tallinn Card is sold at: the Tallinn Tourist Information Centre Naissaare and Prangli islands (Niguliste 2), hotels, the airport, the railway station, on Tallinn-Moscow • Food and drink in restaurants, bars and cafés and Tallinn-St. -
What You Need to Know If You Are Applying for Estonian Citizenship
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW IF YOU ARE APPLYING FOR ESTONIAN CITIZENSHIP Published with the support of the Integration and Migration Foundation Our People and the Estonian Ministry of Culture Compiled by Andres Ääremaa, Anzelika Valdre, Toomas Hiio and Dmitri Rõbakov Edited by Kärt Jänes-Kapp Photographs by (p. 5) Office of the President; (p. 6) Koolibri archive; (p. 7) Koolibri archive; (p. 8) Estonian Literary Museum; (p. 9) Koolibri archive, Estonian National Museum; (p. 10) Koolibri archive; (p. 11) Koolibri archive, Estonian Film Archives; (p. 12) Koolibri archive, Wikipedia; (p. 13) Estonian Film Archives / E. Järve, Estonian National Museum; (p. 14) Estonian Film Archives / Verner Puhm, Estonian Film Archives / Harald Lepikson; (p. 15) Estonian Film Archives / Harald Lepikson; (p. 16) Koolibri archive; (p. 17) Koolibri archive; (p. 19) Office of the Minister for Population Affairs / Anastassia Raznotovskaja; (p. 21) Koolibri archive; (p. 22) PM / Scanpix / Ove Maidla; (p. 23) PM / Scanpix / Margus Ansu, Koolibri archive; (p. 24) PM / Scanpix / Mihkel Maripuu; (p. 25) Koolibri archive; (p. 26) PM / Scanpix / Raigo Pajula; (p. 29) Virumaa Teataja / Scanpix / Arvet Mägi; (p. 30) Koolibri archive; (p. 31) Koolibri archive; (p. 32) Koolibri archive; (p. 33) Sakala / Scanpix / Elmo Riig; (p. 24) PM / Scanpix / Mihkel Maripuu; (p. 35) Scanpix / Henn Soodla; (p. 36) PM / Scanpix / Peeter Langovits; (p. 38) PM / Scanpix / Liis Treimann, PM / Scanpix / Toomas Huik, Scanpix / Presshouse / Kalev Lilleorg; (p. 41) PM / Scanpix / Peeter Langovits; (p. 42) Koolibri archive; (p. 44) Sakala / Scanpix / Elmo Riig; (p. 45) Virumaa Teataja / Scanpix / Tairo Lutter; (p. 46) Koolibri archive; (p. 47) Scanpix / Presshouse / Ado Luud; (p. -
Baltic Vintage and Classic Car Rally 2014 – LATVIA – ESTONIA – Th Th Tuesday, June 24 – Tuesday, July 01 2014
The “Baltic Classic and Vintage Car Rally 2014” is a well organized rally tried and tested in 2012 by the 20-Ghost Club, the oldest Rolls Royce club in the world, headed by Sir John Stuttard. Baltic Vintage and Classic Car Rally 2014 – LATVIA – ESTONIA – th th Tuesday, June 24 – Tuesday, July 01 2014 White nights, unspoilt nature, the Baltic sea, medieval cities, stunning landscapes, vibrant Riga, charming Tallinn and participation in 2nd Vihula Manor Vintage and Classic Car Day at the unique Vihula Manor Country Club & Spa ul Program TUESDAY, JUNE 24th – TUESDAY, JULY 1ST 2014 24.06 (Tue), Arrival in Riga Upon individual arrival in Riga we will be accommodated at the 5-star Hotel Radisson Blu Ridzene, built in the 70es as a governmental hotel. After Latvia regained indepen- dence the hotel underwent complete renovation, which gave it a very stylish Scandinavian design. Riga, founded in 1201 by the German bishop Albert, is the largest of the three Baltic capitals and boasts a real kaleidoscope of architectural styles. 14.00-17.00 The afternoon walking tour of the Old Town will acquaint us with all the splendours of medieval Riga including Riga Castle, the Dome Cathedral, St. Peter's Church, St. Jacob's Church, the Swedish Gate, the Three Brothers, the Large and Small Guild Houses and the Powder Tower. In the evening we enjoy a Latvian nouvelle cuisine welcome dinner at the stylish Restaurant La Boheme in Riga's famed Art Nouveau quarter. 25.06 (Wed), Riga – Bauska – Rundale Palace – Jurmala – Riga, 210 km The day is reserved for a day trip to the South of Latvia. -
Tallinn Travel Guide
TALLINN TRAVEL GUIDE FIREFLIES TRAVEL GUIDES TALLINN Steeped in Medieval charm, yet always on the cutting- edge of modernity, Tallinn offers today’s travelers plenty to see. The city is big enough and interesting enough to explore for days, but also small and compact enough to give you the full Tallinn experience in just a few hours. DESTINATION: TALLINN 1 TALLINN TRAVEL GUIDE Kids of all ages, from toddlers to teens, will love ACTIVITIES making a splash in Tallinn’s largest indoor water park, conveniently located at the edge of Old Town. Visitors can get their thrills on the three water slides, work out on the full length pool or have a quieter time in the bubble-baths, saunas and kids’ pool. The water park also has a stylish gym offering various training classes including water aerobics. Aia 18 +372 649 3370 www.kalevspa.ee Mon-Fri 6.45-21.30, Sat-Sun 8.00-21.30 If your idea of the perfect getaway involves whacking a ball with a racquet, taking a few laps at MÄNNIKU SAFARI CENTRE high speed or battling your friends with lasers, The Safari Centre lets groups explore the wilds of then Tallinn is definitely the place to be. Estonia on all-terrain quad bikes. Groups of four to 14 people can go on guided trekking adventures There are sorts of places to get your pulse rate up, that last anywhere from a few hours to an entire from health and tennis clubs to skating rinks to weekend. Trips of up to 10 days are even available. -
L'estonia E Tallin A.C. Di Lucrezia Nunziati
L'ESTONIA E TALLIN Lucrezia Nunziati 2hs EESTIT JA TALLIN Salve a tutti sono Olga Ivanova e oggi vi presenterò lo Stato in cui sono nata: l'Estonia. Tere , kõik , olen Olga Ivanova ja tutvustan teile täna riiki , kus sündisin : Eestit . L'Estonia, ufficialmente Repubblica d'Estonia, con capitale Tallinn, è una repubblica parlamentare situata nell'Europa nord - orientale, confinante ad est con la Russia e a sud con la Lettonia e bagnata a nord e ad ovest dal Mar Baltico, che la separa dalla Finlandia e dalla Svezia. È il più settentrionale dei Paesi Baltici e la popolazione è di circa 1,5 milioni di abitanti. È uno Stato membro dell'Unione europea, passato all'euro il 1º gennaio del 2011, divenendo il diciassettesimo membro dell'Unione Europea, ed è uno degli Stati col più basso debito pubblico. L A BANDIERA La bandiera estone nasconde molte curiosità . Nacque all'università Tartu e venne consacrata il 4 giugno 1884 , tuttavia venne bandita dopo l'invasione da parte dell'Unione Sovietica , nel giugno 1940. La bandiera rimase nascosta durante gli anni dell'occupazione straniera sovietica fino ai giorni della perestrojka negli anni ottanta quando , il 24 febbraio 1989 fu sventolata di nuovo da Pikk Hermann, un ermanno , a Tallinn. La bandiera è composta da tre bande orizzontali di uguale dimensione . I colori , partendo dall'alto sono : blu , nero e bianco . È conosciuta come sinimustvalge . Le interpretazioni dei colori sono le seguenti : • Il blu è il colore del cielo , i laghi e il mare d'Estonia e simboleggia lealtà alle idee nazionaliste ; • Il nero è il colore della terra patria e dello stemma nazionale ; • Il bianco è il colore del popolo che cerca la felicità e la luce. -
Eesti Keeles in English
Turismiobjektide nimede soovitatavad tõlked Eesti keeles In English Kirikud Churches Aleksander Nevski katedraal Alexander Nevsky Cathedral Issandamuutmise kirik Church of the Transfiguration of Our Lord Jaani kirik St. John's Church Jaani Seegi kirik St. John’s Almshouse Church Kaarli kirik Charles XI's Church; Kaarli Church Kaasani Jumalaema Sündimise kirik Church of Our Lady of Kazan Katariina kirik St. Catherine’s Church Niguliste kirik St. Nicholas’ Church Oleviste kirik St. Olav’s Church; Oleviste Church Peeter-Pauli kirik Church of Sts. Peter and Paul Püha Nikolai Imetegija kirik St. Nicholas' Orthodox Church Püha Siimeoni ja naisprohvet Hanna kirik Church of St. Simeon and the Prophetess Hanna Püha Vaimu kirik Holy Spirit Church; Church of the Holy Ghost Rootsi-Mihkli kirik Swedish St. Michael’s Church Toomkirik Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin Ukraina Kreeka-katoliku kirik Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church Kloostrid Monasteries Dominiiklaste klooster Dominican Monastery; Dominican Friary Pirita klooster St. Brigitta’s Convent; St. Bridget's Convent Vanalinna hooned Historical buildings in Old Town Gustav Adolfi gümnaasium Gustav Adolf School Hobuveski Horse Mill Hueckide maja Huecks' House Kanuti gildi hoone Canute Guild Hall; Kanut Guild Hall Katariina käik St. Catherine’s Passage Kiek in de Kök Kiek in de Kök Linnamüür Town Wall Mustpeade Vennaskonna hoone; Mustpeade maja House of the Brotherhood of Black Heads Neitsitorn Maiden Tower; Maiden's Tower Oleviste gildi hoone Oleviste Guild Hall Pakkhoone Packing House Paks Margareeta