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The Crest, Summer 2002 W&M ScholarWorks Reports Summer 2002 The Crest, Summer 2002 Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Virginia Institute of Marine Science. (2002) The Crest, Summer 2002. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/m2-trbf-hp71 This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WMILLIAM& ARY Volume 4, No. 2 Summer 2002 www.vims.edu VIIRGINIA NSTITUTE OF MS ARINE CIENCE SMSCHOOL OF ARINE CIENCE The Current IssuesCrest in Coastal Ocean and Estuarine Science To B or Not to B: Pair Use Trout to Study Kidney’s Role in Nurturing Fish Immune Cells Dave Malmquist mice, whereas Steve has focused on differentiate further—into When humans are exposed to fish.” plasma and memory cells. infectious bacteria or other foreign B cells are frontline scouts of the Plasma cells quickly flood invaders, our immune system fights immune system. They recognize infected tissues with antibodies. back using an incredibly diverse host of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, The longer-lived memory cells cells and molecules—B cells, T cells, then produce antibodies to help the provide a means to recognize macrophages, cytokines, and antibodies, body rid itself of these and other and rebuke an invader if it among many others. foreign antigens. In fish, B cells are returns—whether tomorrow or As fellow vertebrates, fish produce thought to arise in the anterior kidney, years hence. From right to left: Dr. Steve Kaattari, with Erin and use the very same cells and though this has yet to be proven. They The intricacy of this Bromage and Ilsa Kaattari. molecules to confer immunity. But develop from stem cells via a complex process makes its occurrence amazingly, fish generate their immune pathway whose many twists and turns within completely different organs in Kaattari notes that activation of B cells in a completely different organ are controlled by the presence or mammals and fish truly remarkable, cells to produce antibodies is a particu- than do humans. In fish, immune cells absence of growth-regulating chemi- says Zwollo. By studying basic immu- larly promising area for this type of are thought to arise in the kidney. In cals. Bathe stem-cell progeny in one nological processes in trout, Kaattari comparative immunological research. humans and other mammals, it’s the chemical and they differentiate into and Zwollo believe they can ultimately “In trout, we have some evidence that bone marrow. mature B cells. Bathe them in another, shed light on how B cells differentiate mature B cells from the anterior kidney This paradox intrigues VIMS and they grow into T cells. Encounters in bone marrow and are activated to may continue to produce antibodies immunologist Dr. Steve Kaattari. with antigens cause mature B cells to fight diseases in humans. “What’s fascinating about fish is that Continued on page 4 they don’t have bone marrow,” says Kaattari, “yet their immune system Virginia Institute of Marine Science Non Profit Organization looks very similar to that of mammals. School of Marine Science U.S. Postage Paid The same types of cells work in the College of William and Mary Glou. Point, VA 23062 same sort of way. So now we’re P.O. Box 1346 Permit Number 6 asking, does the anterior kidney func- Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 tion in developing a mature immune system for the fish? How might it ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED actually work?” To help answer these questions, Kaattari has teamed with Dr. Patty Zwollo of the Biology Department at William and Mary. The pair recently submitted a 4-year proposal to the National Institutes of Health to continue their research into the genesis and activation of B cells in rainbow trout. Zwollo notes that the collaboration provides “a great opportunity” to build on their shared interests and individual expertise. “We’re both B-cell immu- nologists,” says Zwollo, “but my focus has been on B-cell development in 2 The Crest Cobia Anyone? By Sally Mills The Crest Berret’s Restaurant and Raw Bar Vol. 4 No. 2 Summer 2002 in Williamsburg took on an air of excitement and drama on May 21st when 50 of its patrons ordered the cobia special for dinner. These particu- lar cobia entrees were unique indeed. They represented the first cobia spawned and raised completely in Dr. L. Donelson Wright captivity in the United States and Dean and Director served in a commercial setting. Virginia Institute of Marine Science Cobia grow fast and perform well School of Marine Science in captivity, making them an excellent species for culturing. Historically, cobia VIMS’ cobia aquaculture project has attracted worldwide attention. Editorial Board have migrated into Chesapeake Bay to Dr. Eugene Burreson spend summer months in the estuary Grant. And the verdict? A very strong, future. This was music to the ears of Director of Research and before returning to more southern positive response from 91 percent of marine specialist Mike Oesterling, Advisory Services waters. The fish are keenly sought by the recipients. In fact, the majority of whose staff have been caretakers of Dr. William DuPaul recreational fishermen, who enjoy the taste testers rated the fish as firmly the fish since their spawning 11 months Associate Director for challenge of their notorious fighting textured with a pleasant flavor. Some ago. Advisory Services nature. But wild cobia are seen in 23 respondents considered it better The Virginia Institute of Marine fewer numbers today and recreational tasting than flounder, and 35 rated it Science continues to collaborate with Dr. William Reay pressure has intensified in recent better tasting than bluefish. other research institutions throughout Manager, CBNERRVA years. Restaurant owner Tom Austin was the southeast to develop cobia culture Page Hayhurst As part of their participation in this pleased with the turnout and the protocols, with the ultimate aim of Director for Development tasting event, Berret customers rated positive reaction, and promised to moving this technology into the private the cultured fish afterward in a brief include cultured cobia on the regular sector. Science Writer survey conducted by Virginia Sea menu if it becomes available in the Dr. David Malmquist Managing Editor Wanda W. Cohen Summer Intern Program By Susan Polk seminars that include topics on every- around for the first few days showed Wet shoes and muddy shorts are thing from “The Secret Social Life of me the grant proposal and management Virginia Sea Grant part of “the color of fun” in summer. Shrimp” to “How to Apply to Graduate aspects of research that I wasn’t Sally Mills But if you’ve been around VIMS lately, School: Tips from the Faculty Who aware of before.” Intern Joel Tom Murray you’ve seen the same browns and Read the Files.” Field trips on kayaks Nuebauer said that he was enjoying greens in “the color of experience.” and research vessels to freshwater “actually using the equipment” he had Contributor A select group of undergraduate systems, the Bay, and the Atlantic learned about in his undergraduate Susan Polk students are happily getting experience shoreface of the Delmarva Peninsula courses at W&M. “I’m having a “up to their knees” through the VIMS are a fun and important part of the blast,” said Justin Zabrecky, from Summer Intern Program. This interdis- program. Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama, Art Director ciplinary program focuses on processes The students you’ve seen this “I love the hands-on work and working Susan Stein in local estuarine environments and summer are experiencing first hand with the scientists. It’s what I want to offers students hands-on research what to expect as graduate students, do.” experience. Former intern James and ultimately as scientists. Stephanie The Summer Intern Program Douglass said, “When I found out I had Bolton, a student intern from Wake receives substantial NSF funding via a been accepted in the program and Forest, currently working with Fu-Lin Research Experience for Undergradu- would be working with Emmett Duffy, Chu shared, “Following my mentor ate (REU) site program along with it was great. I had heard about his support from VIMS, W&M, and grants Waterfront News biodiversity work in class and was obtained by individual mentors. In- Vol. 9, No. 2 really excited to get to work with him.” creased participation from under- This work is the result of research supported Approximately twelve interns are represented groups in marine science in part by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce, under grant chosen each year from 120-150 is a program objective. Associate No. NA56RG-0141 to the Virginia Graduate applicants from all over the continental professor Linda Schaffner heads Marine Science Consortium and the U.S., Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. VIMS’ program, which is now in its Virginia Sea Grant College Program. The intern program provides fourteenth year. “Most of the interns individual research experiences for I have worked with are like sponges, Chesapeake Bay students as well as group activities. anxious to learn, enthusiastic and National Estuarine The interns work closely with a mentor curious, looking for opportunities to Research Reserve in developing a project that they will experience as much as they can during in Virginia research in the laboratory and/or field. the summer,” Schaffner comments, a fair Bay Spring The students present their results in a “I love it when interns from 5 or 10 Vol.
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