Number 310 • summer 2019

PowerPowerT h e M a g a z i n e o f E n g i n e -P o w e r e d V e s s e l s f r o m t ShipshShips e S t e a m s h i p H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a Presidential 1880 - Yachts: 1921 20

also in this issue Queen The Demise Port of SS Batavia Elizabeth 2: of the Da Nang, Rescues the The Early MV Union Vietnam, Crew of the Years 10 30 1966–1967 Bark Charles 38 Ward 50 Thanks to All Who Continue to Support SSHSA June 14, 2019 Fleet Admiral ($50,000+) Admiral ($20,000+) The Dibner Charitable Trust of The Family of Helen & Henry Posner Jr. Heritage Harbor Foundation Maritime Heritage Grant Program n Officers, crew and others on deck of Romance likely while running excursions from Boston to Provincetown. – Benefactor ($10,000+) Acores Collection, SSHSA Archives. The Champlin Foundation Mr. Thomas C. Ragan Mr. Douglas Tilden

Leader ($1,000+) Mr. Barry Eager CAPT and Mrs. Roland Parent Mr. Smart Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Ferguson Ms. Mary Payne Mr. John Spofford Amica Companies Foundation Mr. Michael Fisher CAPT Dave Pickering Mr. Donald Stoltenberg Mr. Charles Andrews Mr. Stephen Lash Mr. Richard Rabbett CAPT Eric Takakjian Mr. Jason Arabian Mr. Don Leavitt Mr. Michael Rector Mr. Mark Thomas Mr. Douglas Bryan Mr. Keith Lewis Mr. Stephen Roberts Mr. Joseph White Mr. William Donnell Merriconeag Charitable Fund Mr. Kenneth Schaller Mr. Peregrine White Mr. Thomas Donoghue Dr. Frederick Murray Mr. and Mrs. James Shuttleworth

Mr. Henry Fuller Jr. Mr. Alexander Melchert Mr. Richard Scarano Sponsor ($250+) Mr. Walter Giger Jr. Mr. W. John Miottel Jr. Schneider Electric North American Mr. Roger Gill Mr. William Muller Foundation Mr. Ronald Amos Mr. and Mrs. Chris Halacy Mr. and Mrs. Robert Mullen Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Schulte Mr. Daniel Blanchard Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Hayes Dr. and Mrs. William Murphy Mr. Theodore Scull Mr. A. Pierce Bounds Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hughes Mr. Robert Newell Mr. Tom Sepe Mr. J. O. Busto Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Ilacqua Mr. Carl R. Nold Dr. Robert Shea Mr. Peter Cawthorn Mr. Neil Jones Mr. Harry Olsen CAPT Cesare Sorio CDR Andrew Coggins Jr. CAPT Philip Kantz Mr. Paul O'Pecko Mr. Edward Spinney Mr. and Mrs. Chris Cote Mr. Murray Kilgour Mr. Ronald Oswald Mr. Alan Stover Mr. Patrick Dacey Mr. Nicholas Langhart Mr. Miles Peterle Ms. Alison Svenningsen Mr. Donald Deckebach Mr. and Mrs. Ross Langill Ms. Kathy Pollard Mr. Michael Tattoli Mr. Thomas Diedrich Dr. Peter Leahy Mr. Henry Posner III Mr. Sandy Thomson Mr. Patrick Donovan Mr. R.W. Lightbound Mr. David Powers Jr. CAPT and Mrs. Terry Tilton Mr. and Mrs. Steven Draper Mr. Jeff Macklin Ms. Kinda Priestley Mr. & Mrs. John Tylawsky Mr. Michael Dugan Mr. Daniel McCoy Mr. William Reid Mr. Balbino Vazquez Mr. Donald Eberle Mr. Ralph McCrea CAPT Charles Romano Jr. Mr. Theodore Xakellis Mr. Andrew Edmonds Mr. William McLin Mr. Nathaniel Ruda Mr. Alan Yorker Mr. Raymond Fredette CAPT and Mrs. James McNamara Dr. Timothy Runyan Mr. James Zatwarnicki Jr

Mr. David Clark Mr. A. Green Mr. Holger Lukas Mr. Richard Pelley Contributor ($100+) Mr. William Comings Jr. Mr. Doug Hart Mr. Gary Maehl Mr. Erik Porter Mr. William Cosgrove Mr. Albert Hinckley Jr. Mr. Frank Mallalieu Mr. Tom Quinn Mr. George Adams CAPT John Cox Mr. David Hume CAPT Brian McCallister Mr. Arnold Rathmann Mr. Jim Antonisse Mr. Douglas Dease Mr. Arthur Johnson Mr. Christopher McCarty Mr. William Raver Mr. John Baesch Mr. Antone DeGerlia Mr. Tom Jordens Mr. Walter McLaughlin Ms. Angela Richardson Mr. David Bailey Jr. Mr. Steve Donohue Rev. Edward Kelley CAPT Ronald Meiczinger CAPT Harold Rudd Mr. Bob Beggio Mr. Christopher Dougherty Mr. Dennis Kelley Mr. Marvin Merritt Mr. Edward Ryan Mr. and Mrs. Steve Beringhause Mr. Francis Duffy Mr. Derek Kendall Dr. Laurence Miller Mr. Todd Schaumloffel Mr. William Bolin Mr. and Mrs. William Edwards Mr. Jeffrey Kennel Mr. Jeffrey Miller Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Schoenwald Mr. John Brandner Jr. Mr. Arild Ellingsen Mr. Kevin Kernan Mr. Wayne Miller Mr. and Mrs. Fred Schulte Mr. Preston Bryant CAPT J.A. Ellis Mr. Robert Kimtis Mr. John Morgan Mr. Mark Southern Mr. Todd Buckley Mr. Henry Erwin Jr. Mr. George Koch Rev. Bart Muller Mr. Roy Spring Mr. Andrew Burger Ms. Kathy Farnsworth Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Kolb CAPT Andrew Murray Mr. Jerry Stewart Mr. Frank Burton Mr. David Fein Ms. Lisa Kolibabek Ms. Nori Muster Mr. Steve Swanson CAPT Phillip B. Bush II USN (Ret.) Mr. John Ferguson Mr. Chris Koutros Mr. William Myles Mr. G. Thomas Tranter Mr. David Butler Ms. Lauri Fine Mr. Earl Krantz Mr. Mark Nemergut Ms. Sandra Ulbrich Mr. and Mrs. Donald Caldera CAPT George Fisher Mr. Thomas Lavin Mr. Brian Norden Mr. Peter Young Mr. Gabriel Caprio Mr. Edward Gabrielson Mr. Clayton Leroue Mr. Samuel Ohmacht Mr. Thomas Chadwick Mr. Gregory Gettle Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Leuenberger Mr. Hollis Paige Charter Oak Credit Union Mr. James Giammatteo Ms. Susan Linda Mr. Peter Pare Mr. David Clarendon Mr. Jeffrey Goldstein Mr. Bruce Lockhart Mr. Eric Pearson

(Up to $100) Mr. and Mrs. Louis Costanza Mr. Hugh Goldie Mr. Jeffrey Miller Mr. Robert Sokol Friend Mr. Alan Cullen Mr. David Graham Ms. Diana Moraco Mr. Gregory Stavros Mr. David Abercrombie Mr. Terry Curtis Mr. William Grant Mr. Richard Mushet Mr. Michael Stevens Mr. Scott Avedisian Mr. Douglas Davis Mr. Walter Henry Mr. Raisuke Numata Mrs. Lorna Straus Mr. Laurence Baldwin CAPT Robertson Dinsmore Mr. Don Holmgren Mr. Richard Nutting Mr. and Mrs. William Tatewosian Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Bellafiore Mr. Leo Dorrington Mr. and Mrs. Les Isaacowitz Mr. John Paul Mr. Craig Thompson Dr. Mark Benbow Ms. Marjorie Dovman Ms. Kyle Ingrid Johnson Mr. John Portanova Mr. Frank Trumbour Mr. Francis Birchard Mr. John Drew Mr. Leonard Kaisalahti Rev. Donald Potter Mr. Dan Walters Mr. Douglas Blount Mr. George Economou Mr. Hank Kaminski Mr. William Redpath Mr. Clyde Walton Mr. Charles Boie Mr. Andrew Edmonds Mr. Michael Kania Mr. Edward Reiley Jr. Mr. Parker Williamson Dr. Lawson W. Brigham Mr. James Flynn Mr. Jack Lapidos Mr. Robert Reu Mr. William Wooding Mr. Ford Brockman Mr. Scott Forbes Mr. Justin Locke Mr. Colin Revill Mr. Vincent Budesa Mr. Brian Fournier Mr. Bryan Lucier Mr. Robert Savarese Mr. Thomas Cannuli Mr. Thomas Fowler CAPT Earl Maxfield Jr. Mr. Herbert Schneider Mr. Dewitt Chapple Ms. Lulu Gmoser Mr. Kevin McGeough Mr. Donald Smith Powerthe magazine of theShips Steamship Historical Society of America manifest • Number 310 • summer 2019 This quarterly magazine has been continuously published by The Steamship Historical 1880 Society of America since first - appearing as The Presidential Yachts: 1921 Bill of Facts in 1940. by Dr. Gary A. Lombardo...20 The Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc., (SSHSA) was organized in 1935 as a means of bringing together those amateur and professional historians interested in the history and development of steam navigation, past and present, and incorporated in the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1950 as a tax-exempt education corporation.

In addition to PowerShips, The House . .4 the SSHSA produces other books and : Q&A with publications of marine interest, a The Early Years Steamboat Bill . . 5 list of which is available online and by William H. Miller . . . .10 Full Steam Ahead .6 from the Warwick headquarters. Letters ...... 8 SSHSA meetings are normally Regionals held annually. Several local High Seas ...... 54 chapters also meet regularly. The Demise of the Mid-Atlantic . . . . .58 MV Union Reliance New York ...... 60 Membership in SSHSA includes by Eric Pearson ...... 30 Overseas ...... 62 subscriptions to PowerShips, the New & Telegraph, and Ahoy! Dues Eastern . . . .63 are in various classes, beginning at West Coast . . . . .65 $50.00 for Annual Members. Port of Da Nang, / Seaway .69 Vietnam, 1966-1967 Southeast & Gulf Ports . 72 For further details, write: Southwest Pacific . . 74 Steamship Historical by David Hendrickson . . . .38 Western Rivers . . . 77 Society of America, Tugboats . . . . .80 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 SS Batavia Rescues Reviews . . . . . 83 the Crew of the Heard on Visit our websites Bark Charles Ward the Fantail . . . .85 From the by James Shuttleworth . . . .50 www.sshsa.org Collection . . . .86 www.shiphistory.org On the cover: Passengers aboard USS Sylph, including Sir Auckland Geddes, British Ambassador to the US, and Josephus Daniels, US Secretary of the Navy. – Library of Congress photo.

PowerShips (formerly titled Steamboat Bill) (ISSN 0039-0844)—founded in 1940 by Jay Allen—is published quarterly as a cooperative effort by the Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc., 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the activities of marine historians in the field of self-propelled vessels. Material for possible publication is always welcome and should be sent to the editor; Jim Pennypacker, 4 Snead Ct., Palmyra, VA 22963. No remuneration can be made for such materials, and no responsibility for it is accepted, although every effort will be made for its safe handling. All contributions are subject to editing. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the Society; the burden for accuracy rests with the contributors. Contributors represent that they are the sole author of their Work, that the Work is an original work of authorship which does not infringe on the copyright rights of others, and that the author has the unencumbered right to publish the material. Subscription to PowerShips is by membership of $50.00 (US$) per year in the Steamship Historical Society of America, Inc. $30 of each member’s dues goes toward receiving PowerShips. Single copies of available issues may be purchased. Periodical postage paid at Warwick, RI, and additional offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to SSHSA, 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 USA. Phone +1 401 463 3570, fax +1 401 463 3572. No part of PowerShips may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the publisher. PowerShips Summer 2019 • 3 PowerShips editor-in-chief Jim Pennypacker 4 Snead Ct., Palmyra, VA 22963 Email: [email protected] The Pilot House Phone: +1 610-883-7988 associate editors Peter T. Eisele 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 Email: [email protected] QE2, Presidential Yachts, Dr. Laurence Miller 11321 SW 134th Avenue, , FL 33186 the Union Reliance and more . . . Email: [email protected] contributors William G.T. Barber ted Blank his year marks the 50th anniversary of the maiden voyage of the Charles H. Bogart David M. Boone Queen Elizabeth 2. QE2 served as the flagship of the from Peter T. Eisele William A. Fox John A. Fostik roddy Sergiades 1969 until 2004, when it was succeeded by the . In Lives Donald Leavitt James L. Shaw of the Liners, William Miller helps us celebrate by presenting an early Mark Shumaker rich Turnwald Julia Winters g. Justin Zizes historyT of the Queen, which includes the first planning sessions, disagreements among editorial planning committee Cunard management, design changes (and changes, and changes), begging for more Jim Pennypacker Dr. Laurence Miller money from the British government, and meeting the challenges in getting the Roland Parent Jim Shuttleworth Marifrances Trivelli mary L. Payne launched on schedule. Matthew Schulte Capt Terry Tilton art director John Goschke, Cornerstone Media, Inc. Also in this Issue Email: [email protected] advertising sales • Presidential yachts transported presidents to important ceremonies, served as Richard L. Barwis, IV, Cornerstone Media, Inc. venues for international diplomacy and hosted both foreign and domestic dignitaries. 674 Fairhaven Street, Palm Bay, FL 32907 In “Presidential Yachts: 1880–1921,” Gary Email: [email protected] Phone: +1-321-220-0346 Lombardo, PhD, presents an intriguing story of Articles Wanted executive director & publisher their indispensable service to the United States, Matthew S. Schulte, M.S. We’re continually looking for introducing us to the first three presidential Email: [email protected] articles for the upcoming issues of printing yachts – the USS Despatch, the USS Dolphin and PowerShips. If you would like Perfection Press the USS Sylph. 1200 Industrial Drive, Logan, IA 51546 to write an article, send me a note sshsa headquarters • Little has been written about South ([email protected]) describing your 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 Vietnam’s seaports and their role in the Vietnam Email: [email protected] Phone: +1-401-463-3570 article idea and we’ll talk. In addition Web: www.sshsa.org, www.shiphistory.org War. David Hendrickson offers a pictorial history to articles on engine-powered of sshsa officers of The Port of Da Nang from 1966 to 1967, the all kinds, we’re interested in articles Don Leavitt, President, South Ryegate, VT Barry W. Eager, Vice President, Berlin, MA primary military port during the war, which had on Ocean Liners, Ship Builders, Nicholas Langhart, V.P./Secretary, Jefferson, MA to be significantly and quickly updated to meet Mechanical Aspects, Ship Models, Robert E. Hughes, Treasurer, New Rochelle, NY the needs of the U.S. Navy. sshsa board of directors Merchant Marine, Ship Preservation, Mr. Odd Brevik, Ormond Beach, FL • The Union Reliance, which started out as Ship Interiors and Memorabilia. Of Mr. Douglas Bryan, Cohasset, MA Dr. Andrew Coggins, Jr., Blacksburg, VA a C3-M in 1939, sailed under six course, we welcome articles on all Mr. Patrick Dacey, Glen Gardner, NJ different names and five different Ports of topics of interest to SSHSA members. CAPT Jim McNamara, Chatham, NJ Dr. Laurence Miller, Miami, FL Registry. Eric Pearson presents the ship’s Mr. William Miller, Hoboken, NJ unique history as an aircraft carrier and migrant ship, as well as its eventual CAPT Dave Pickering, Warwick, RI Mr. Tom Ragan, Miami Beach, FL collision and demise. Ms. Darshell Silva, Warwick, RI CAPT Eric Takakjian, Fairhaven, MA • James Shuttleworth presents the story behind a wonderful painting that was CAPT Terry Tilton, , CA discovered among SSHSA’s stored collections treasures. The 1870s painting by CAPT Eric Wiberg, Boston, MA CAPT James Zatwarnicki, Hoboken, NJ W. Jones shows a dramatic scene of the rescue, in the mid-, after a immediate past president hurricane dismasted the Charles Ward. Mary L. Payne, Wallingford, PA copy editors & staff From the Pilot House Bryan Lucier, Membership Coordinator Astrid Drew, Research & New Media Jim Pennypacker, Editor-in-Chief Aimee Bachari, Education & Outreach Coordinator Alissa Halacy, Project Coordinator

4 • Summer 2019 PowerShips editor-in-chief Jim Pennypacker Questions & Answers with 4 Snead Ct., Palmyra, VA 22963 Email: [email protected] Phone: +1 610-883-7988 Steamboat Bill associate editors Peter T. Eisele but San Pedro had the potential for more wharf space. All 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 Olympic ‘Painting’ three were open roadsteads, subject to the severe winter storms. Email: [email protected] Dr. Laurence Miller I recently acquired a few items from a local Redondo had a deep canyon offshore, making it 11321 SW 134th Avenue, Miami, FL 33186 Qcollector, and I was hoping to learn more history unacceptable for a breakwater. The designs and lengths of the Email: [email protected] about this painting. A plaque identifies it as the wharves at Redondo were all different. contributors William G.T. Barber ted Blank Olympic, and it’s signed Fred J. Hoertz. Your photograph is of Wharf 2. A portion of Wharf 1 can be Charles H. Bogart David M. Boone Frederick J. Hoertz was a maritime painter and lithographer seen on the right, with a double-ended steam schooner along- Peter T. Eisele William A. Fox John A. Fostik roddy Sergiades Afamous for his paintings of ships, wartime posters and ship side. So your photo dates from between 1895 and 1915. The Donald Leavitt James L. Shaw camouflage steamship appears to have a dollar sign ($) on the funnel and is Mark Shumaker rich Turnwald Julia Winters g. Justin Zizes designs during probably one of the Dollar Line ships. She’s likely unloading editorial planning committee World War I. lumber, based on the railroad cars on the wharf. Today the un- Jim Pennypacker Dr. Laurence Miller Roland Parent Jim Shuttleworth He was born in derwater remains of these wharves produce steamship crockery, Marifrances Trivelli mary L. Payne in 1889 old bottles and a variety of junk for SCUBA divers. Matthew Schulte Capt Terry Tilton and learned to art director John Goschke, Cornerstone Media, Inc. draw from his Seaman’s Chest? Email: [email protected] father, who was I purchased this chest at an auction, and I’m hoping advertising sales also an artist. you can help me identify the ship painted on the Richard L. Barwis, IV, Cornerstone Media, Inc. Q 674 Fairhaven Street, Palm Bay, FL 32907 Later he studied inside of the lid. Could it possibly be the Britannic? Email: [email protected] at a number of art schools, such as the Brooklyn Institute and NY Phone: +1-321-220-0346 executive director & publisher School of Art, and gained more experience with Fred Pansing, Matthew S. Schulte, M.S. another famous marine artist, at lithographic companies. Hoertz Email: [email protected] moved around the and eventually settled printing Perfection Press in Atlanta, Georgia, where he passed away in 1978. This painting, 1200 Industrial Drive, Logan, IA 51546 however, is likely a reproduction print made for display in travel sshsa headquarters agencies or steamship agencies. 2500 Post Road, Warwick, RI 02886 Email: [email protected] Phone: +1-401-463-3570 Web: www.sshsa.org, www.shiphistory.org On Redondo Pier sshsa officers Don Leavitt, President, South Ryegate, VT I recently bought a photograph of a pier and Barry W. Eager, Vice President, Berlin, MA Qsteamship. On the back is written “Redondo.” Nicholas Langhart, V.P./Secretary, Jefferson, MA Robert E. Hughes, Treasurer, New Rochelle, NY What is the history of this pier? An interesting find! This looks like it could be a seaman’s sshsa board of directors Between 1887 and 1926 there were three different wharves A chest. Attributes to consider in the painting are the Mr. Odd Brevik, Ormond Beach, FL at Port Redondo, . They were known as Wharf configuration of sails, shape and number of stacks or ship Mr. Douglas Bryan, Cohasset, MA A Dr. Andrew Coggins, Jr., Blacksburg, VA 1 (1887–1915), Wharf 2 (1895–1916), and Wharf 3 (1903–1926). funnels. There appears to be a British red duster on the stern Mr. Patrick Dacey, Glen Gardner, NJ There was a “contest” between the “Long Wharf” at Santa flagstaff, so your guess of a White Star liner such as the Britannic CAPT Jim McNamara, Chatham, NJ Dr. Laurence Miller, Miami, FL Monica, Port Redondo and San Pedro to be the port for Los could be correct. It could also be her sister ship Germanic. These Mr. William Miller, Hoboken, NJ Angeles, California. San Pedro won out in the “Free Harbor steamships, built in 1874, both had four masts and two funnels. CAPT Dave Pickering, Warwick, RI Mr. Tom Ragan, Miami Beach, FL Contest,” which wasn’t really a contest. The federal government PowerShips readers may have more insight into this interesting Ms. Darshell Silva, Warwick, RI chose San Pedro in 1897 because it had better conditions, but find. Any tips or suggestions may be sent to [email protected]. CAPT Eric Takakjian, Fairhaven, MA CAPT Terry Tilton, San Diego, CA both Port Redondo and the Long Wharf continued to serve as CAPT Eric Wiberg, Boston, MA passenger and, especially, building materials ports. The Long CAPT James Zatwarnicki, Hoboken, NJ Wharf was serviced by the Southern Pacific Railroad and immediate past president Do you have a question Mary L. Payne, Wallingford, PA Port Redondo by the Santa Fe Railroad. Southern California copy editors & staff was experiencing a building boom, and these two ports were for Steamboat Bill? Bryan Lucier, Membership Coordinator Astrid Drew, Research & New Media closer than San Pedro for vessels coming down the coast and Aimee Bachari, Education & Outreach Coordinator were also closer to . Railroads from all three ports Just email him at... [email protected] Alissa Halacy, Project Coordinator whisked passengers and cargo throughout Southern California,

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 5 Highlights from Dinner IV

ur fourth annual fundraising gala, which celebrated the legacy of the , went off smoothly. Ocean Liner Dinner V will come beforeO you know it, so mark the weekend of , 2020, on your calendar now, and plan to make a multiple-day visit to Providence for the next dinner and series of related events. Here are a few highlights from this year’s activities.

n (Clockwise from above) A hearty group of about 65 souls gathered at the Ship History Center for the reception on Friday, May 3, 2019. Silvia Barisione, Curator at The Wolfsonian Museum, delivered an enlightening presentation on the textiles, designs and fabric and overall look of the Italian Liners. Diver Bill Campbell highlighted his 40 visits to the final resting place of the SS Andrea Doria. Cocktail hour connections were made at the historic Squantum Association Clubhouse.

6 • Summer 2019 PowerShips n (Clockwise from above) Captain Cesare Sorio, Honorary Dinner Chairman, touched the fuse of the Bull Run cannon to signal the transition for the party to move closer to the shore in the iconic and ornate Bake House. Guests check out the offerings in the Silent Auction. Mr. Ocean Liner, Bill Miller, provided the feature presentation highlighting all aspects of life onboard the Italian Liners. He offered an over-the-top delivery that was both entertaining and informational, as only he can Visit our social media sites to see do! Bill Miller and National President Don Leavitt flank hundreds more photos of the festivities, Heritage Harbor Foundation Grants Committee Chair Russell DeSimone and SSHSA Executive Director Matt Schulte upon and check out the distinguished receipt of a $5,000 contribution. presentations via our YouTube Channel.

Upcoming Meetings Kind regards, Matthew S. Schulte, M.S. • Saturday, October 26, 2019 – Fall Board Meeting, Executive Director Warwick, RI

• Saturday, February 29, 2020 – Winter Board Meeting, location TBD

• Saturday, May 2, 2020 – Ocean Liner Dinner V, Providence, RI

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 7 Letters to the Editor the time that the Malolo was built for the Italian troops to Tripoli, survived a British More on Propulsion, Please Matson Line, the Great Northern had been submarine attack in 1942 where the Neptunia renamed for five years! The Great Northern and were lost (ibid., 130–31). had been bought by the Admiral Line and There is a photo album of the renamed to the H. F. Alexander in 1922. repatriation in the Wolfsonian Museum, Among other sources see Ships That Miami, which you can see at: https:// Sail No More by Giles T. Brown, University digital.wolfsonian.org/WOLF062010/0000 of Kentucky Press, 1966. Also see Matson’s 1?search=repatriation+=east+= Century of Ships, by Fred A. Stindt, privately Laurence Miller I have been a member of SSHSA for published, 1982. See page 47 for a reference many years. Over timel, I have lobbied to H. F. Alexander being a genius for the No Chicago Navy Yard for more information and pictures of the Malolo. Not noted was that the Malolo was On page 25 of the issue of propulsion systems of the ships discussed in renamed the Matsonia in 1937. It was laid up PowerShips [Summer 2008], I came across your articles. I believe that many members after the war and then sold to Home Lines this quizzical assertion: “At the Chicago are technically oriented and would enjoy in 1948 as Atlantic, then to Home Lines Navy Yard, the removed bow and stern some of this data/pictures. You have really subsidiary National Hellenic American plates were used to seal her up and she outdone yourself with the excellent articles Lines as Vissallissa Freideriki (Queen Frederica) steamed on her own to Boston with a very about the Savannah. in 1954. (See page 223 of Stindt.) blunt, odd-looking bow.” Born and raised I recognize that your hard-working Brian Norden at Chicago, I can state without fear of authors of your typical ship history stories contradiction that there never was, is not may not be technically oriented and that On Saturnia & now, nor I expect ever will be a “Chicago propulsion data and photos may be hard Vulcania in WWII Navy Yard.” to come by. Reaching out to shipping I would like to congratulate you and In February 1918, Captain K. M. companies or their successors might be able those who contributed to the wonderful Robinson of the and to get data on the power plant. Engine, Summer 2018 issue of PowerShips. I very J. Gavreau of the French Navy were boiler, and turbine manufacturers or their much enjoyed Bill Miller’s superbly at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, looking for successors may be able to supply data and illustrated article on Saturnia and Vulcania. suitable lake vessels to be requisitioned for photos. For modern present-day ships this There are, though, three additional naval use as troop transports across the data should be easily available. It would be episodes from the wartime careers of these English Channel, specifically those of the nice to see at least a single photo and specs ships that are, I think, worthy of mention. Goodrich Transit Company, the vessels on the power plant. They are related in Italian Navy in World War of which laid up at that harbor during the Many newer ships (other than traditional II (U.S. Naval Institute, 1957), by Marc winter. Captain Robinson averred then diesel or steam turbine) have diesel electric, Bragadin. that the Virginia would almost certainly LNG fueled engines, and increasingly fuel After the Italian Armistice in 1943, be requisitioned, the Racine Journal-News cell electric power generation. The owners Saturnia rescued the entire Italian Naval reported on February 20, 1918. On and builders of these ships should be able to Cadet Corps from its temporary home in April 8, 1918, the Virginia was one of provide data and photos. , carrying them to Brendisi, thereby five Lake Michigan passenger vessels Also, perhaps it would be possible to have saving them from German captivity (ibid., officially so requisitioned by the federal once a year a major story on a propulsion pp. 320–21). Earlier, starting in April 1942, government, according to the Chicago system. On page 67, of the winter issue, both ships (along with Duilio and Giulio Tribune of April 9, 1918, and the sale was there is mention of both hybrid and Cesare) participated in the repatriation of consummated April 19, 1918. The Virginia hydrogen power systems. Italian citizens from Eritrea to via remained at Manitowoc for refitting Bob Calves the Cape of Good Hope. The evacuation preparatory to being brought to the coast, had been negotiated with the British which included, as the article states, the Correction to Q&A 306 Government through (ibid., p. 195), truncation of its bow and stern. The work This is a correction/clarification for the vessels refueling from Italian tankers was accomplished by the Manitowoc the Q&A in #306 [Summer 2018]. At en route. Finally, the Vulcania, carrying Shipbuilding Corporation, and the vessel

8 • Summer 2019 PowerShips was commissioned on October 17, 1918. with your publication. I am also impressed Problems with its engine delayed its Wrong Virginia with the quality and content in every issue leaving the Manitowoc yard until late Dear Mr. Pennypacker: and find myself looking forward to the November, according to the Manitowoc In the summer issue of PowerShips, the image arrival of every issue. Herald-News of November 16, 1918. used for the title pages of Mr. Shuttleworth’s Captain Tilton’s article on the Kalakala We do know that the vessel arrived at article on the Virginia is not the correct and her turbulent history as the Peralta was Ogdensburg, New York, on November vessel. of particular interest to Bay Area nautical 28, 1918. According to the Herald-News historians. She was one of two identical the former Virginia was to tow two USSB ships constructed by Oakland’s Moore wooden tugs built by Burger & Burger at Dry Dock Co. in 1927, the Yerba Buena Manitowoc to the coast to receive their and the Peralta, and they were in a class engines and boilers, but it seems unlikely by themselves in terms of refinement and that a vessel so compromised would be fit turbo-electric technology. to sail to the Welland in late November, let The Yerba Buena enjoyed a flawless alone tow two unpowered hulls. American The image shows the Virginia a) , launching and served her owner, the Key Bureau of Shipping records indicate that built in 1902 at Richmond, Virginia, which System, and her subsequent owner, the those two tugs, probably the Retriever came to the Great Lakes in 1923 for the Army Transport Command, with an and Terrier, had boilers manufactured by Pere Marquette Line Steamers, several unblemished record until her retirement Manitowoc and double compound steam years after the Virginia of 1891 left the lakes after the end of the Korean War. engines from Montague Iron Works for Navy service. If you look just under the The Peralta, on the other hand, across the lake (indeed, all of Burger’s six pilot house in the photo, you can see part experienced a difficult launch, becoming USSB tugs had the same power plants), of “Pere Marquette Line Steamers” behind stuck in the ways. This was thought by the so bringing them to the coast for those the coating of ice. yard workers to be a jinx and she would power plants makes no sense. It is possible William M. Worden be plagued by misfortune. The builders the tugs may have actually towed the USS of the Peralta and the Yerba Buena installed Blue Ridge, but I have no proof of that. I On U-Boat Commander water tanks at each end of the vessels have searched the vessel passage columns & Kalakala under the deck to keep the vessels in trim in the relevant newspapers for that time Dear Mr. Pennypacker, and compensate for the of the period but have found no mention of the No doubt you are aware of the news passengers as they moved about in the boat. USS Blue Ridge or the tugs. However, the enclosed in this clipping – the death of Unfortunately, on February 19, 1928, as Buffalo Commercial of November 29, 1918, U-boat commander Reinhard Hardegen. the Peralta was approach the Key System’s said that the vessel had lost one of the tugs He was featured in the PowerShips article on Oakland pier, the forward rather than in a storm and that the tug had “no steam,” U-boats off New England in your Winter the aft tank was mistakenly filled as the while the other tug was left at Oswego for 2018 issue. Should be of interest to SSHSA passengers surged forward in anticipation installation of its engine. So, I guess we can readers. of leaving the vessel. This caused the assume the USS Blue Ridge did make the [According to the enclosed clipping from forward deck to dip, sweeping 30 screaming trip under its own power. It collided with a the New Hampshire Union Leader passengers into the cold waters of San tug at Montreal, further delaying its arrival from June 20, 2018, “In the early weeks of Francisco Bay, two. A series of at Boston, which occurred December 30, January 1942, relying on an old World’s Fair inquiries was conducted, with inconclusive 1918, and it was finally offered for sale by guidebook to find his way, Reinhard Hardegen results, and rumor has it that the tanks were the government on July 5, 1919 with bids to brought his German U-boat near the mouth never used again. This was followed by a be opened August 4, 1919. of the . . . . In two patrols disastrous arson fire while she was moored To correct two errors in the article, along the East Coast, Hardegen sank about at a slip at the Oakland pier on May 6, the remnants of the Avalon sank off Malaga two dozen merchant ships. . . . Hardegen later 1933. Her remains were eventually towed Point on November 8, 1963, not in 1962, disavowed any support for the Nazi party, north to begin a series of new adventures on during the star-crossed salvage attempt on became involved in German state politics and Puget Sound. the Dominator that ran aground off Palos returned to the United States to speak with One minor revision I would like to offer Verdes on March 13, 1961, not in 1960. veterans groups and meet with the families of is that Key Line be revised to read Key William Lafferty, PhD, his wartime victims. . . . He was 105 when System, as it was normally called and which Lafferty van Heest & Associates, he died June 9.”] became the corporate title after 1924. Professor Emeritus, As a recent subscriber to PowerShips (Spring Hoping that you will find this of interest, Wright State University 2016) I have to tell you how impressed I am Don F. Holmgren

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 9 LIVES OF THE LINERS Queen Elizabeth 2: The Early Years

10 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Queen Elizabeth 2: The Early Years by William H. Miller

ohn Whitworth, now retired, is in his 90s and living in the idyllic English countryside. He was n Queen Elizabeth 2 at Ocean a director and later, at the very top of the bosun’s Terminal in New York, September ladder, the managing director of the great, hugely 27, 1981. – Braun Bros. Collection, historic Cunard Line in the 1960s. In 1965, the SSHSA Archives. company was still the largest, if not the busiest, on the North Atlantic run. “Getting there was still half the fun,” even if less and less appealing (and profitable) on five- to eight-day ocean liner crossings. There were the iconic Queens, the original Queen MaryJ (completed in 1936) and the Queen Elizabeth (sent to sea for the first time just as World War II began, in 1940) as well as the Mauretania, Caronia, Carmania, Franconia, Carinthia and Sylvania. But time was running out, and running out all too quickly, as the airlines and their jet liners drew more and more passengers. Cunard was losing over $5 million a year. Crossings were all but over, and cruising was the future. But while the Queen Mary was retired in 1967, Cunard planned (with great, if misguided, hopes) to build a new Atlantic superliner to sail (at least until the far-off future of 1975) in weekly tandem with the aging but much-refitted Queen Elizabeth. The new liner project, a creation of early 1960s enthusiasm, was dubbed the Q3 project.

n An illustration of what might have been the Q3. – Cunard Line photo.

“We had our first meetings in October 1961 to plan for the Q3, the replacement for the then-25-year-old Queen Mary,” recalled Whitworth in a meeting aboard another world-famous Cunarder, the Queen Elizabeth 2, during her Farewell British Isles cruise in October 2008. “Cunard was then still a very conservative, very British, very old-fashioned company,” he added. “Their headquarters was a commercial palace and was dubbed ‘the Kremlin’ by everyone in middle management. Top management was absolutely dictatorial.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 11 n High above – the dramatic aerial view of the 963-ft liner in the . – Cunard Line photo.

n Work goes on well after dark – fitting out the Queen. – Author’s collection.

n Preparing for the maiden crossing to New York at ’s Ocean Terminal in April 1969. – Author’s collection.

n Royal naming: Following her grandmother and her mother, Queen Elizabeth II has named another Cunarder. – Author’s collection.

n Glowing – the QE2’s first night in New York, berthed at Pier 92. – Author’s collection.

12 • Summer 2019 PowerShips n September 21, 1967: Resting on the ways the day before launching at . – Author’s collection.

n Down the ways – the last super- liner from John Brown. – Cunard Line photo.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 13 Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2 n “The Double Room is the most dramatic room on the ship. It covers 20,000 square and Photos and text from seats 900 people for cabaret, dancing, morning coffee, etc. Because it is used for so many original Cunard different activities, the Double Room tends to be the social pivot of the ship; so it has to look important, exciting and welcoming. It is furnished in various shades of red (from scarlet promotional material in through to plum). Its flexible lighting allows it to be arranged for various activities without the SSHSA Archives. incongruity. The curved staircase linking the Double Room’s two levels is constructed in an anti-clockwise configuration. The sepia-tinted glass balustrade and scarlet handrail serve as a unifying strand of color and lead to the various shops which make up the shopping arcade.”

14 • Summer 2019 PowerShips n “Cocktails? Eight bars on QE2 keep long hours, where you can have a superb Bloody Mary from around 10:30 a.m. and still have cognac at sunrise. You’ll soon have a favorite venue for aperitifs before dinner, an eight-course affair with imaginative menus and international dishes to coincide with ports-of-call.”

n “The Casino on Upper Deck is a spectacularly popular rendezvous. Here can n “Columbia Restaurant. A striking innovation in ship design made by QE2 be found roulette, blackjack and other table games. The gaming sessions are held was the high deck position of her restaurants. This was possible not only by the use every evening and on many afternoons when the ship is at sea. There is a card of new lightweight materials but also by the inclusion of two sets of stabilizers aft room on the portside of the Quarter Deck. This is one of the few fixed-function and forward which can reduce a 20 degree roll to three degrees. The ships has four rooms on board and is lined in panels of green suede and green baize. The six fitted dining rooms allocated to the type of cabin accommodation occupied. The two grill center tables also have green baize tops. To complete the soothing all-green scene, the rooms are in the old tradition of verandah grills of the old liners. The Columbia players hands and cards are illuminated by special-lens ceiling spotlights.” Restaurant appears gold and beige by day, changing its table linen at night to a flattering pink, enhanced by central column lights on each table.”

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 15 n “Queens Room. The white and silver Queens Room (the work of British designer Michael Inchbald) combines space-age sleekness with marine elegance. During the day it has a sunny garden-room atmosphere and is romantically beautiful at night. To lengthen the almost square room, fore and aft walls have a sculptured effect, interspersed with mirrors. A slotted white ceiling with lighting behind gives the airy trellis effect. The sculptured columns are encased in great inverted trumpets of white fiberglass, whilst the white chairs have bases in the same trumpet shape, reversed and upholstered in natural hide.”

n “Q4 Room Quarter Deck. This room is the ‘chameleon room’; quiet by n “Midships Bar. Situated on the quarter deck, this plushly decorated bar is day, it becomes the haunt of the night club enthusiast as the witching hour ideal for that anytime of the day drink. Sit in the quiet subdued lighting of the approaches – and the band plays on and on and on... zuntil the final dancer inner bar or maybe at one of the many tables offering a panoramic view of the leaves the floor. The room has special panels which slip over the windows to ocean, either way you will enjoy the fabulous selection of cocktails available convert it into a night club. It is named after the QE2’s working title before she from this intimate bar. For the show-goers this bar is right next to the Queens was launched.” Room, an ideal rendezvous for a pre-show drink.”

16 • Summer 2019 PowerShips n “Reading Room – Library. Situated on the quarter deck, the first class library n “On Queen Elizabeth 2 there is a large range of accommodation contains a comprehensive range of books. Also provided are the current U.S. and unsurpassed at sea. All room are either single or twin-bedded with color schemes European magzines. Relax in the quiet atmosphere and brush up on your reading in lively and colorful, or cool and sophisticated. Even at the lower end of the range what must be the widest range of reading material afloat.” they are surprisingly roomy and well-equipped.”

n “If you can’t face people early in the morning, push a button and have breakfast n “A steward and stewardess are assigned to every room. They take pride and in your room along with the daily newspaper and ship’s program of events. A six pleasure in their work, and can arrange just about everything from a private channel radio brings you music, news, details of ship activities; a telephone brings cocktail party to a hot water bottle. After 10 p.m. a night steward is on call.” you the weather report, the right time, a personal call to anywhere in the world.”

n “The standard four and five deck cabins, provide all possible comforts to the n “The QE2 has on of the most delightful shopping arcades afloat, with a discerning traveler; wall to wall carpeting, adjustable heat controls, multi-channel variety of nine shops, offering a wide selection of goods to appeal to every taste. radio, telephone, self-contained shower room, and enough drawer and cupboard Why not tak a look and treat yourself.” space to satisfy any woman!”

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 17 n New, modern and quite different – the QE2 arrives in the Upper Bay. – Mick Lindsay Collection

n Grand arrival in New York’s Lower Bay. – Cunard Line photo.

n Queen Elizabeth 2 in her early years of service. – Braun Bros. Collection, SSHSA Archives.

18 • Summer 2019 PowerShips beg the British government for further assistance, more loans. On September 14, just six days before the actual launching, the The Wrong Design Board of Trade agreed. They gave us the monies. The formal “But the Q3 was the wrong design – she was a rather naming by Her Majesty the Queen would take place on the 20th. traditional ship in many ways. The British side of Cunard All seemed well, at least for the moment.” wanted two classes whereas, rather unexpectedly, the New York Post Script: 2019 is the 50th anniversary of the maiden office still pushed for the traditional three classes: first, cabin voyage of the QE2. Part II of this story will be featured in a and tourist. The whole idea and the entire design were soon future edition.  scrapped, quite fortunately. The Q3 design was redone and became the Q4, which in turn became the Queen Elizabeth 2. “The British government, after much wooing by Cunard, About the Author provided a $60 million loan. Shipyards began to bid after the Bill Miller, long-time SSHSA member, is an design was announced in December 1962. John Brown on the international authority on ocean liners and cruise Clyde in Scotland finally got the order, with some politics in ships. He has written more than 100 books on the play as well, and this was made public on December 30, 1964.” subject: from early steamers, immigrant ships and John Brown’s yard has built the likes of the Lusitania, Aquitania liners at war to their fabulous interiors and about and both the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. the artifacts from them. He has written histories “Plans for the new Q4 were reworked and then reworked of such celebrated passenger ships as the United again and again,” he continued. “At the same time, there States, Queen Mary, Rotterdam, , Queen Elizabeth 2 was new, fresh management coming aboard at Cunard. The and Crystal Serenity. A native of Hoboken, New Jersey, Miller was dust was gradually blown away and a new team of 40-year- named Outstanding American Maritime Scholar in 1994 and received olds was in place. There was even a new, enlightened, very the U.S. Maritime Preservation Award and the Ocean Liner Council’s contemporary design team. Captain William Warwick was Silver Riband Award in 2004. He was the 2017 recipient of SSHSA’s appointed the first master of the new ship, and the plans to Samuel Ward Stanton Award for Lifetime Achievement. operate with the older, but larger, Elizabeth were in place.” Estimates of the day put the new ship’s tonnage at 65,000. “But there was a devastating British maritime strike in May and June of 1966. Cruelly, it lasted six weeks and, like others, Cunard lost millions, in fact something close to $15 million. And, as the jet liners made deeper inroads, plans were changed – suddenly, the old Elizabeth was out and the new Q4 would operate in tandem with a former competitor, the French Line, The QE2 Story and its four-year-old France.” website and discussion forum, launched on 25 January 2009, celebrates its 10th Anniversary this year. From small beginnings, the membership of the forum has grown to Out With the Old over 1,000 and with almost 5,000 topics. It Whitworth was placed in charge of selling off the 31-year- is the go to information resource on Queen old Mary in 1967 and the 28-year-old Elizabeth the following Elizabeth 2 from concept, design and build year. Faded and rusting, they were still two of the most famous through to her retirement in 2008. liners ever built, and the 83,673-ton Elizabeth was still the largest liner to go to sea. “I sold the much-loved Queen Mary for The forum's motto, "Keeping the Legend $3.5 million in cash to the City of Long Beach in California. Alive", relates to trying to keep QE2's The Queen Elizabeth went a year later, but for $7.5 million to memory alive through stories, memories, Philadelphia buyers, but mostly on credit. Cunard lost lots of and photographs. We invite you to visit the money on that transaction.” forum as a guest or to register and post The 1,031-ft Elizabeth later found her way to Fort Lauderdale, information, memories, and photos of the and was then auctioned off to Chinese buyers in 1970, only to burn iconic QE2. and sink in Harbour in January 1972. The Q4 was now, in 1967, well under construction along the Membership is free. Please join us. famed River Clyde. “Cunard was quite desperate in the summer www.theqe2story.com of 1967, even a month before the ship’s scheduled launching. We didn’t have enough money to continue. We all but had to

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 19 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H

Hayes Garfield Arthur Cleveland Harrison 1877-1881 1881-1881 1881-1885 1885 -1889 1889-1893 1880 -1921 Presidentialby Dr. GaryYachts: A. Lombardo

n President , aboard yacht Mayflower, reviews the fleet in 1907. At this time Mayflower was alternating presidential yacht duties with two subjects of this article, USS Dolphin and USS Sylph. – Library of Congress photo.

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Cleveland McKinley Roosevelt Taft Wilson 1893-1897 1897-1901 1901-1909 1909-1913 1913-1921

residential yachts were effectively a tool for statecraft and diplomacy. They transported presidents to important ceremonies, served as venues for international diplomacy and hosted foreign and domestic dignitaries. The yachts also provided an opportunity for the president to relax with family and friends. 1880 The first three presidential yachts were the USS Despatch, USS Dolphin and USS Sylph. The Despatch, commissioned in 1880, served five presidents. The Dolphin replaced the Despatch in 1893. These two yachts had served in the U.S. Navy fleet - prior to their assignment to the president. The third vessel, the Sylph, was built to 1921 serve as a presidential yacht, and she was used by four presidents. Their stories are intriguing, and their service to our nation indispensable. Presidential Yachts: Documentation from multiple sources provides conflicting information. Thus, the history of each yacht may be incomplete or ambiguous. Dates of service may differ, and this is especially true when the vessels’ presidential service terms overlapped. Also, there are instances when the presidential yacht designation may not have been used exclusively for one Pvessel at a time, leading to inaccuracies and confusion.

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n USS Despatch. – Naval History and Heritage Command photo.

n USS Despatch, left, and USS Tallapoosa at Bar Harbor, , September 10, 1882, during a visit to Bar Harbor by then-president Chester Arthur. – Maine Historical Preservation Commission photo.

22 • Summer 2019 PowerShips H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H USS Despatch (III) Presidential Service: 1880–1891 Presidents Served: Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison

he USS Despatch – the third vessel, but not the last, to be so named – had the distinction of being the first presidential yacht. She was wooden hulled and formerly the commercial vessel America. Purchased in November 1873 in , the Despatch was a steam-powered U.S. Navy vessel capable of 12 knots. She measured 198 feet in length with a beam of 27 feet, a of 12 feet, 4 inches, Tand a displacement of 560 long tons. The vessel had a complement of 81 officers and crew and contained three 20-pound guns. She was commissioned on November 23, 1873, with Lieutenant Commander , a nephew of Commodore Matthew C. Perry, in command. The Despatch was decommissioned in 1891. Rodgers, a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, retired as a rear admiral. The Despatch was involved in the Virginius Affair. At that time, was rebelling against . The Virginius, a small, high-speed, sidewheel steamer and former Confederate vessel, was purchased by John F. Patterson, an American citizen who acted secretly for Cuban insurgent Manuel Quesada and two American citizens, Marshall O. Roberts and J. K. Roberts. The vessel, registered in the New York Custom House and protected by U.S. naval warships, was used to transport contraband (men, munitions and supplies) to aid the Cuban insurrection. The Tornado, a Spanish warship, captured the Virginius and executed over a third of the officers and crew over a period of a few days in November 1873. The registration was later found, upon investigation by U.S. Attorney George H. Williams, to be fraudulent. The Virginius, after government negotiations at the highest levels, was formally turned over to Captain W. D. Whiting on board the Despatch at 9 a.m. on December 17, 1873. On April 24, 1874, Despatch docked at the , where she was newly assigned. The vessel was charged with special duty assignments until she departed on April 20, 1877, reporting to the U.S. Embassy in Constantinople (now ). She was reassigned to Washington, DC, in early 1879 and decommissioned on July 9, 1879. During the following year, the Despatch underwent extensive repairs and was recommissioned on June 8, 1880, as a United States Naval Academy training ship. She then served five presidents, making her maiden voyage as the first presidential yacht, carrying President Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–81) on the on November 9, 1880. She continued her presidential yacht designation during the presidential terms of James A. Garfield (1881), Chester A. Arthur (1881–85), Grover Cleveland (1885–89) and Benjamin Harrison (1889–93). One notable cruise during President Cleveland’s term was the sailing to New York Harbor for the dedication at Bedloe’s Island on October 28, 1886. The Despatch, on her way to Washington, DC, by way of and the Potomac River, ran into a storm and sank on Assateague Island, Virginia, on October 10, 1891. All hands were saved by the staff of the Assateague Life-Saving Station. On November 12, 1891, the wreck of the Despatch was sold for salvage. In 1997, Ben Benson, a salvage operator, located the Despatch off Assateague Island.

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Special Service Squadron, conducting a surveying expedition to Guatemala, she USS Dolphin (PG-24) was reassigned to President McKinley, Presidential Service: 1893–1897 who attended the naval review following Call sign: George - Quack - Jig - Watch the Grant’s Tomb ceremonies on April Presidents Served: Grover Cleveland, William McKinley 27, 1897. Later that year, on November 23, the Dolphin was placed out of he USS Dolphin was the fourth, decommissionings and recommissionings. commission at New York City. The vessel but not last, vessel so named. During the mid- to late-1880s, the continued to serve the United States in She was built by John Roach & Dolphin was assigned to the North various capacities, including serving Sons of Chester, Pennsylvania, Atlantic Squadron and then to the Pacific the president, although it was no longer and launched April 12, 1884, Squadron, returning from her global considered the presidential yacht. with Captain cruise to New York City on September Recommissioned on March 24, 1899, Tin command. She was subsequently 27, 1889. She was reassigned to the North the Dolphin served during the Spanish- commissioned on December 8, 1885, Atlantic Squadron. American War. From 1899 until World with Captain R. W. Meade in command. As the reader will note from the War I, she served as a special dispatch Roach was the largest shipbuilding firm vessel’s photograph, the white was ship for the secretary of the Navy and at the time. The vessel was designed as representative of a new ship class that often transported the president as well a gunboat/dispatch boat with a length was steam-powered with steel hulls and as other officials and diplomats. She of 256 feet, 6 inches, and a displacement full-rigged masts. The Dolphin was part of participated in various military and of 1,486 long tons. Her beam was 32 feet the “Squadron of Evolution” (sometimes naval voyages throughout the and she had a draft of 14 feet, 3 inches. identified as the “White Squadron”), and northern regions The crew numbered 152 in total. The consisting of a few protected cruisers and during the next few years. armament on board consisted of two dispatch boats that launched the era of President William McKinley was 4-inch (100 mm) guns and five 3-pounder the “Modern (or New) Navy.” on board the vessel May 27 and 28, (47 mm) guns. President Cleveland, while on 1900, as she anchored off the North The Dolphin was assigned multiple board the Dolphin, attended New York’s Carolina coast to observe the total solar missions during her service to the inaugural international naval review eclipse. During the period of 1903 to nation and experienced multiple in April 1893. After a stint with the 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt used the Dolphin for a number of cruises. During early August 1905, the Dolphin transported Japanese diplomats from President Roosevelt’s Bay, New York, home to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, for the peace negotiations to settle the Russo-Japanese War. The Dolphin continued her ceremonial missions (the internment of John Paul Jones at the U.S. Naval Academy and the departure of the ) until she became the flagship of the Third Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet on October 22, 1908. The vessel was used to transport Franklin D. Roosevelt and his family from time to time after he became the assistant secretary of the Navy in 1913. A few of the crew of the Dolphin were arrested by the Mexican government on April 9, 1914, after she arrived at Tampico Bay to secure American lives and property, thus precipitating the n USS Dolphin’s officers, photographed circa 1889. – Naval History and Heritage Command photo. Tampico Affair. When Huerta’s

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n USS Dolphin. – Naval History and Heritage Command photo.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 25 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H appeared to be winning the civil war in When learning of the incident, an City on June 25, 1920, was overhauled early 1914, Wilson lifted the arms embargo angry President Wilson refused Huerta’s in Boston and appointed, on October 16, by offering to help Carranza, with volatile request. Instead, he ordered the U.S. as the flagship for the Special Service consequences. For several months, U.S. Navy’s Atlantic Fleet to Mexico’s Squadron, representing the country for Navy warships had been stationed at the Gulf Coast to strengthen the forces the 400th anniversary celebration of ports of Tampico (under the command under Mayo and Fletcher and occupy the discovery of the Straits of Magellan. of Rear Adm. Henry T. Mayo) and Vera Tampico. Another crisis festering Further ceremonial missions were Cruz (under Rear Adm. Frank R. Fletcher) down the coast in Vera Cruz, however, accomplished prior to her arrival at to protect American and other foreign prevented U.S. troops from occupying the on October 14, interests associated with the rich oil fields the city, and the Tampico incident came 1921. The vessel was decommissioned in the area. On April 9, a group of sailors to an end with no real conclusion. on October 14 or December 8 (different detached from the Dolphin and went ashore The Dolphin also was involved in the dates provided by multiple sources) and at Tampico to retrieve supplies. Huerta’s occupation of Santo Domingo May sold for scrap on February 25, 1922, to troops arrested and detained two of them. 12–22, 1916. the Ammunition Products Corporation The sailors were released a short time later, Based in Key West, on September 1917, of Washington, DC, thus ending her and President Huerta offered an apology the Dolphin was appointed the flagship for service to the United States. The date to the United States for the incident. the American Patrol Detachment. She may be in dispute since another source Ultimately, Admiral Mayo demanded a patrolled the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf indicates that the Dolphin was sold to twenty-one-gun salute to the U.S. flag in of Mexico during World War I, protecting Mexico as the Plan de Guadalupe on addition to the apology. Huerta agreed only merchant shipping. February 25, 1922, serving until 1924, if the Americans would return the honor. The Dolphin departed for New York and scrapped circa 1927.

n USS Dolphin line drawing from Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Vol. 1, 1893. – Robb Jensen collection.

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n U.S. Navy dispatch vessel, USS Dolphin, stern view. – U.S. Library of Congress photo.

n USS Dolphin – note sails. – Naval History and Heritage Command photo.

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the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers. In 1925, she was permanently moored at USS Sylph (PY-5) the Washington Navy Yard. The vessel Presidential Service: 1898–1921 was decommissioned April 27, 1929, at Call sign: George - Rush - King - Fox the Norfolk Navy Yard and struck from Presidents Served: William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, , the Navy list on April 29, 1929. Frank B. Clair, an alleged ex-bootlegger who lived in Brooklyn, New York, purchased the Sylph on November 26, 1929. He and his partner, Captain John Nugent, converted her into a party boat and operated from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. In 1935, her boiler failed and she was re-powered with a 400-hp Worthington . Also during 1935, Jeremiah “Jerry” Driscoll purchased Mr. Clair’s share of the business. The Sylph fished from Sheepshead Bay until April 1939, when she provided service from Sea Gate, Brooklyn, to the Battery in Manhattan. In 1941, her owners defaulted on the mortgage held by the Worthington Diesel Company, which took possession of the vessel. Subsequent n USS Sylph, probably taken prior to 1921 as the Presidential Yacht. – U.S. Library of Congress photo. information is unknown. 

he USS Sylph was the first Vernon home. Passengers included the NavSource Naval History was an vessel to be built and purchased Belgian king and Sweden’s crown prince. informative source for this article. It for service as a presidential yacht. President Theodore Roosevelt used can be found at: http://www.navsource. She served in this capacity for the vessel for frequent voyages to his org/archives/. The Library of Congress presidents McKinley (1898–1901), summer home in Oyster Bay, New York. provided extensive information. The Roosevelt (1901–09), Taft (1909–13) President Taft used the vessel during the author also accessed Wikipedia entries Tand Wilson (1913–21). On August 18, summers to voyage to the New England pertaining to the three presidential yachts. 1898, the Sylph, a steam vessel built by coast. In 1902, the Sylph was no longer John Roach and Co. and purchased for the exclusive presidential yacht. The $50,000, was commissioned at the Navy vessel began alternating with the Dolphin Yard in Norfolk and was subsequently and the Mayfloweras a presidential yacht About the Author assigned to the Navy Yard in Washington, while also serving the secretary and Dr. Gary A. Lombardo serves as a DC, as the presidential yacht. assistant secretary of the Navy. Professor of Maritime During her years at the Navy Yard, President Wilson was the last Business at the United she was at the disposal of the president chief executive to sail the Sylph as the States Merchant and the secretary and assistant secretary presidential yacht. After he left the Marine Academy. of the Navy. The vessel measured 123 presidency, she was assigned to the His research has been feet, 8 inches in length; beam 20 feet; 152 Washington Navy Yard for the secretary published extensively; tons displacement; draft 7 feet, 6 inches; and assistant secretary of the Navy. and he has delivered speed 15 knots. In 1905 she carried a Patients of the Naval Hospital took numerous seminars and speeches. Dr. complement of 31 and armament of one cruises to Mount Vernon on her. On Lombardo has lived and worked in Europe 6-pounder. President McKinley sailed on January 24, 1921, the Sylph sailed to and and has served as a consultant the vessel many times. Voyages around with the body of the late to U.S. domestic and international the greater Washington, DC, area minister of Sweden. businesses. He has been a director of several included trips in the Chesapeake Bay The vessel was designated a Patrol non-profit boards of directors. and to President Washington’s Mount Yacht, PY-5, July 17, 1921, sailing on

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n USS Sylph. – U.S. Library of Congress photo.

The

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PowerShips Summer 2019 • 29 The Demise of the MV Union Reliance by Eric Pearson

“The Union Reliance was unseaworthy from the inception of the voyage in which she was engaged, by reason of the incompetence and inability of her Captain, chief engineer, and other crewmen to operate and maneuver Union Reliance properly, efficiently, safely, or within her full potential.” – Chief Judge Ben Connally’s review of the Union Reliance’s crew on fault and negligence, United States District Court, July 17, 1963.

30 • Summer 2019 PowerShips The Demise of the MV Union Reliance by Eric Pearson

n Starboard side view of HMS Archer (ex-MV Mormacland) on 12/21/1941 shortly after her conversion as an escort carrier. – U.S. National Archives photo.

he Motor Vessel owners abandoned her after she was devastated by fire. In total, Union Reliance the ship sailed under six different names and five different Ports started out as a of Registry. This article sheds light not only on the ship’s unique C3-M cargo ship history as an aircraft carrier and migrant ship, but also on the built for the Moore- circumstances that led to the 1961 collision and the ship’s demise. McCormick shipping line in 1939 as the MV Operations Mormacland. She would The Mormacland (Yard Number #185/Hull #46) was laid later be converted down at the Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company in as part of a two-ship Chester, Pennsylvania, on August 1, 1939.1 classification of naval The dynamics of the engines, and their operation in vessels named the Long conjunction with the ship’s steering systems, were unique Island-class escort carrier under a directive from President Franklin among ships built during this period. Propulsion came from Roosevelt. The ship was then transferred to the as four Busch-Sulzer seven-cylinder, two-stroke cycle diesel HMS Archer, where she was inspected by the King of England. engines rated at 8,500 shaft horsepower utilizing a single TShe evolved into a migrant and eventually back reduction gear driving a single shaft through electro-magnetic into a cargo ship. She lapsed into disrepair and caused a maritime couplings.2 The engines were intended “to give 240 engine disaster in the Houston Ship Channel, killing 12 people. Her revolutions per minute, and, with a 3-1 gear ratio, to give

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 31 80 revolutions of the shaft per minute.”3 This innovative arrangement assisted maneuvering by allowing one pair of engines to be kept running ahead at the same time the other pair would be running astern, where the ship’s engineer could “reverse the direction of the screw by a simple maneuver of uncoupling one set of engines, and coupling on the others.”4 All four engines could also be coupled to the shaft to give maximum power, either ahead or astern, and this could “be accomplished by competent engine room personnel in a matter of approximately one minute.”5 The ship’s two separate steering systems (port and starboard) could be used alternately, with one n Broadside view of the escort carrier HMS Archer on February 18, system on standby while the other was in use. A 50-hp electric 1943, off , Scotland. – U.K. Imperial War Museum photo. motor powered a large pump that forced hydraulic fluid (or telemotor fluid) against hydraulic rams to move the rudder. A smaller, 1-hp, electric motor operated a “replenishing pump” that cycled any hydraulic fluid that escaped back into the system through gravity. The RMS Archer’s Role in World War II

President Roosevelt formally proposed that escort carriers be used to protect convoys in an anti-submarine role. The idea to use converted cargo ships as auxiliary carriers in training pilots and transporting aircraft was originally proposed by Rear Admiral William Halsey in 1940.6 The n His Majesty the King of England on the flight deck of HMS Archer United States Navy acquired two cargo ships, originally built accompanied by the captain of the ship. – U.K. Imperial War Museum photo. for the Moore-McCormick shipping line, named the Mormacmail and Mormacland. The Mormacmail would become the USS Long In June 1942, the Archer left New York in UGS 2, Island and the first escort carrier in the United States Navy. The heading for Casablanca and carrying 30 Curtiss P-40 fighter Mormacland was converted and transferred to the Royal Navy aircraft.13 She sailed to and joined Convoy MKF 3, under Lend-Lease as RMS Archer in November 1941.7 where she was vulnerable to interception by Axis bombers, Archer experienced a multitude of problems during the war, and surface ships. Her flight deck was lengthened beginning with a malfunctioning catapult. This caused her first after she arrived in England, which enabled her to deliver aircraft launch, a United States Navy Grumman F4F Wildcat, to more aircraft to the 892 and 819 Squadrons. At this time, His crash into the ocean, killing the pilot, Lieutenant Commander J. J. Majesty King George VI, along with Admiral Sir John Tovey McRoberts.8 In January 1942, she was loaded with aircraft bound (British Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet), inspected for Great Britain when her gyro compass failed and her engines the ship.14 She joined several other convoys in May 1943 after developed problems.9 She departed Norfolk, after additional additional modifications were made in Scottish shipyards.15 repairs, with 11 Grumman Martlets (the British version of the F4F It was during her escort duties supporting Convoy HX 239 Wildcat), but on January 13, 1942, she collided with the American- on May 23, 1943, that one of her Swordfish II bombers owned, Peruvian-flagged cargo ship SS Brazos.10 from the 819 Squadron attacked U-752 using rockets.16 The The Archer, having sustained damage to her bow, brought 11 surviving German crewmembers scuttled the U-boat after the entire crew of the Brazos onboard before the cargo ship the hull ruptured and were rescued by HMS Escapade.17 The sank. The Archer was then towed to Charleston, where repairs U-boat captain had been killed by aircraft machine gun fire, were completed, after which she delivered 12 Martlets for HMS but one German officer was among the survivors and was Illustrious and four Fairey Swordfish biplane torpedo bombers to interrogated.18 U-752 was the first German U-boat to be “sunk the 834 Squadron, flying out of Jamaica.11 Archer then became by rocket attack alone, and only the second to be destroyed by part of Convoy AS 2 on March 18, 1942, when she again had aircraft operating from an escort carrier.”19 problems with her steering gear. She rejoined the convoy after The Admiralty withdrew Archer from service as an aircraft additional repairs, but she continued to have problems with her carrier after more defects were found and renamed her Empire engines and gyro compass.12 Lagan, and she was used as an accommodation ship. She was

32 • Summer 2019 PowerShips subsequently modified to transport aircraft, with as during the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, when her capacity her home port.20 Empire Lagan returned to the United States was increased to 2,500 passengers.35 She continued to transport in Convoy UC 69, departing Liverpool on May 24, 1945, and refugees to throughout the 1950s, as well as migrants arriving in New York on June 3, 1945.21 She then sailed to and other passengers between Europe, Saigon and Australia. Norfolk, Virginia, and was returned to the United States Navy On December 26, 1951, the Anna Salén came across the and renamed USS Archer. The ship was stricken from the Navy disabled coastal trading ship SS Mayfall in the North Atlantic. register on February 26, 1946.22 Anna Salén towed the Mayfall to St. John’s, Newfoundland, before continuing on to Halifax.36 On August 13, 1952, the The Evolution of the Anna Salén collided with the Norwegian whaling ship SS Thorshovdi in the Pentland Firth, a strait separating the Orkney Archer after World War II Islands from Caithness in the north of Scotland. The collision Archer was now impacted by a crisis – hundreds of thousands occurred in , even though both ships were equipped with of European displaced persons (DPs) were looking to resettle in other parts of the world. The Truman administration “persuaded the United Nations to create the International Refugee Organization (IRO) to deal with the resettlement of DPs.”23 The Australian government reached an agreement with the IRO in July 1947 to resettle thousands of displaced people from camps in Europe to help meet labor shortages in their country.24 Australia welcomed more than 170,000 refugees in the seven years (1947 to 1953) following the IRO agreement.25 The Canadian government, with its Citizenship Act in May 1947, sought to bring people from Northwestern Europe who, it was believed, could adjust more easily in their country.26 In the “spring of 1948 Canada received some 18,000 refugees, yet this n Anna Salén, ex-HMS Archer, date and location unknown. – Allan total could have been higher had it not been for the shipping C. Green Shipping Photographs in Picture Collection, State Library shortage.”27 To accommodate the vast number of refugees, a Victoria, Australia. large number of ships were chartered by the IRO to provide transport for displaced European people. The former HMS Archer was originally destined to be scrapped after the war, but in 1948 she was sold to Swedish businessman Sven Salén and registered under the ownership of Rederi Pulp AB.28 She was renamed Anna Salén after being converted into a bulk carrier at the Bethlehem Shipyard in Baltimore; on her first trip she delivered coal to Italy.29 The ship’s owners had obtained an IRO contract to transport DPs, and the ship was modified into a migrant ship with basic accommodations for over 1,500 single- class passengers.30 She made her maiden voyage as an immigrant passenger ship on May 22, 1949, with 1,503 passengers sailing from , Italy, to and , Australia.31 A Hungarian filmmaker named Herr Gustav Kovaks made a 35-millimeter film during a trip to Australia that portrayed life aboard Anna Salén and was widely shown in .32 Gustav’s daughter, Agnes Karlik, stated “We all knew it is a long, long way away, on the other side of the world. Knowing the distance, we liked it. We, and many others, chose it as our new homeland. As far as can be from war-torn Europe. A Europe still more than half ruled by the bloody-minded Russian version of communism.”33 The Anna Salén started making refugee trips to Canada, beginning in 1951, before resuming her voyages from n Austrian arrivals in Australia aboard the Anna Salén. – National Bremerhaven to Australia.34 She also operated a ferry service Archives of Australia photo.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 33 .37 The insightful judge in the British Admiralty Court overseeing the collision held that both ships were responsible, stating “It is a melancholy reflection that the collision probably would not have happened if the ships had not been fitted with radar.”38 The case served to illustrate that navigational aids only increase safety if used correctly. Anna Salén sailed into Lyness on the east coast of the island of Hoy, Orkney, Scotland, for repairs to her once-again-damaged bow; the repairs were completed by Metal Industries Ltd.39 In 1955, Anna Salén was sold to a Greek buyer, Compagnia Navigazione Tasmania SA, in Piraeus, , and renamed Tasmania.40 She was placed under the management of Hellenic Mediterranean Lines and used on routes from Piraeus, Greece, to Melbourne, Australia, carrying Greek migrants.41 On one trip n Black and white photograph of the Anna Salén with insert photograph, to Australia in 1955, the Tasmania was diverted to Saigon on her presumably of Czech migrant Frank Kolarik in 1950. – Australian Na- return trip to take French troops back home to Europe.42 On tional Maritime Museum photo. October 15, 1956, Tasmania left Australia for the last time before returning to Greece, where she evolved back into a cargo ship.43 reported that “the wheel was jammed and would not move in In early 1961, she was sold to the Union Lines of either direction.”52 Steering was then quickly shifted from the Taipei, , with the new name Union Reliance.44 The ship telemotor system to gyro-electric, but even though the gyro- was found to be in need of extensive engine room repairs due to electric wheel would turn, the rudder would still not respond.53 her age and extensive wear. Repairs were made to the engine The engines were ordered full astern and the danger signal was controls in after the ship’s voyage from Piraeus, sounded on the ship’s whistle, after which pilot Duncan ordered Greece, but the engine cylinder heads were found to be badly both anchors dropped.54 All four engines had been coupled to worn and eroded.45 The old cylinder heads were reinstalled run ahead for maximum forward speed. Upon receiving orders since replacements weren’t readily available.46 The ship from the bridge for full power astern, “the engine room reversed continued on to Taiwan, where additional repairs were made, one set of two engines, and coupled same to the propeller shaft before proceeding with general cargo bound for and the to give astern power.”55 Capt. Charles Lary, the Houston Ship United States. She received the five piston heads needed for her Channel pilot on board the Berean, immediately blew three blasts engines upon arrival in Los Angeles, but they weren’t installed in return to show that he recognized the emergency, ordered full prior to the ship’s next sailing to ports in the Gulf of Mexico.47 speed astern and gave the Berean hard-right rudder in order to The ship proceeded through the and arrived run the ship aground in the mud on the side of the channel.56 in Houston on November 5, 1961, where she discharged part The Union Reliance sheered across the channel, where her bow of her cargo. She departed Houston at 6:30 p.m. on November made contact with the port side of the Berean, penetrating ten 7 with Houston Ship Channel Pilot Capt. David Duncan on feet into the Berean’s number one cargo hold. The hold contained her bridge. At approximately 8:30 p.m. the ship experienced a acrylonitrile, a vinyl cyanide flammable material that gives off steering malfunction and anchored in the channel for repairs, dangerous fumes similar to cyanide poisoning.57 The toxic liquid where it was discovered that “one brush holder in the starboard sprayed over the forward half of the Union Reliance and touched steering engine motor was grounded.”48 Control was then shifted off a fire that consumed the forward section of the ship up to to the alternate port steering motor and “after several tests of the the deckhouse and continued aft to the stern. The fire spread so steering mechanism the trip down channel was resumed.”49 quickly that only the after-starboard could be launched, Steering the Union Reliance wasn’t the only problem – the with 23 crew members aboard. They picked up the ship’s captain telephone communication system between the bridge, engine room after he jumped off the bridge into the water.58 and steering engine room was inoperative. A Coast Guard inquiry The remaining crew members on the Union Reliance were later found that “it was difficult to hear over the ship’s telephone successful in extinguishing smaller fires aft, but they couldn’t system, and that it was necessary to use messengers from the bridge fight the main fire forward since “the fire hose couplings were to relay any emergency messages to the engine room.”50 of different threads and would not fit all hydrants.”59 Most Later, at approximately 11:10 p.m., upon approaching a bend in newspapers initially reported that there were three deaths the channel, pilot Duncan ordered the rudder 10 degrees to port and seven missing.60 The death toll, however, rose after the and then amidships.51 It was at that point, with the Norwegian fire subsided and the recovery team that boarded the ship chemical tanker Berean approaching from the opposite direction determined that the collision resulted in the deaths of 12 people, in the narrow channel, that the helmsman on the Union Reliance including the pilot, as well as serious burn injuries to two of the

34 • Summer 2019 PowerShips ship’s crew.61 There were no injuries or lives lost on the Berean, acrylonitrile cargo in her forward wing tanks. She violated although that ship did sustain extensive damage to its hull. The no Coast Guard regulation by doing so, and the court found Union Reliance continued burning for several days, after which she that this was not a negligent or careless manner of loading.”66 was towed to an anchorage near Galveston, Texas, where the fire The court did find that the failure of the port steering system was allowed to burn itself out.62 The charred bodies of the crew constituted fault and negligence on the part of Union Reliance, members and the pilot on the Union Reliance were then removed stating that “the failure of the port steering system resulted from from the ship.63 The Coast Guard inquiry after the collision a loss of hydraulic fluid; and the loss of hydraulic fluid, in turn, ruled that “there was no negligence on the part of either pilot.”64 was caused by the failure of the one horsepower electric motor The Union Reliance was subsequently abandoned by her which powered the replenishing pump for the port steering owners. China Union Lines also refused to make payment to system.”67 The “failure of the small motor powering the port United States authorities for moving the wreck, and filed a Petition replenishing pump was due to the fact that a fuse was burned out for Exoneration From, or Limitation of Liability. It was their in the electrical lines serving that motor…This resulted from the contention, and the contention of the owners and underwriters of fact that the chief electrician made use of a certain wooden block the cargo aboard the Union Reliance, that the American Cyanamid to circumvent the safety and protective feature of an electric Company and the owners of the Berean should be held responsible solenoid in the electrical system serving this motor.”68 The since they believed that “the acrylonitrile carried by Berean, and court added that the owners of Union Reliance were at fault and which had spread, caught fire, and ignited the two vessels, was negligent in the failure to have a complete inspection of the ship’s of such dangerous nature and propensity as to render the owner- steering system prior to the collision, stating: shipper liable to the injured parties.”65 The court found that “the Berean was not at fault in carrying “Such an inspection no doubt would have disclosed the use of the wooden blocks, excessive leakage and loss of large quantities of telemotor oil (another possible cause of the casualty), and perhaps other difficulties. In view of the knowledge which the owners had even before accepting delivery of Union Reliance that her main engine room was in a deplorable state from age, excessive wear, and inadequate maintenance; and of the almost constant difficulties encountered with the main engines, a prudent owner would have anticipated difficulties in the steering system, and would have taken steps to protect against their malfunction.”69

Chief Judge Connally also added a scathing review of the ship’s crew in his findings on fault and negligence, declaring:

“The Union Reliance was unseaworthy from the inception of the voyage in which she was engaged, by reason of the incompetence and inability of her Captain, chief engineer, and other crewmen to operate and maneuver Union Reliance properly, efficiently, safely, or within her full potential. Specifically, I find that neither the Captain nor chief engineer was aware of the fact that all four of her main engines might be coupled astern. By reason of this lack of knowledge, only half of the potential backing power of Union Reliance was applied in an effort to stop her forward movement before the collision. Additionally, the Captain was unaware that reverse power might be applied in a very short time (probably a matter of one minute) if the engine room crew operated efficiently.”70

In closing, Judge Connally stated that “Union Reliance was at fault to make use of all four engines in going astern immediately prior to the collision. Had the additional astern power been applied, it is highly likely that the collision would n San Antonio Light newspaper headlines, November 8, 1961. have been avoided.”71 The court ordered that Union Reliance

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 35 and her remaining cargo be sold to pay of the S.S. UNION RELIANCE, in a accessed April 2, 2018, http://www.naa.gov. off costs incurred by the United States Cause of Exoneration from or Limitation of au/about-us/media/media-releases/2013/32. authorities. On January 12, 1962, the Liability, United States District Court S.D. aspx. Union Reliance was sold as scrap for of Texas, Houston Division, July 17, 1963,” 26 “Immigration,” Canada History, accessed $109,100.72 She was completely destroyed Leagle, accessed April 2, 2018, http:// April 2, 2018, http://www.canadahistory. by another fire on February 19, 1962, www.leagle.com/decision/19631096222FSu com/sections/eras/the%20peace/Immigration. while being dismantled in a New Orleans pp874_1928/IN%20RE%20CHINA%20 html. shipyard.73 UNION%20LINES,%20LTD. 27 Louise W. Holborn, The International The MV Union Reliance started as 4 Ibid. Refugee Organization (Oxford, England: a cargo ship and transformed into an 5 Ibid. Oxford University Press, 1956), 447. escort carrier under orders from the 6 Jeffrey G. Barlow, “The Navy’s Escort 28 “A History of HMS Archer.” President of the United States, when she Carrier Offensive,” Naval History, accessed 29 Peter Plowman, Australian Migrant helped the Royal Navy to win the Battle April 2, 2018, http://www.usni.org/maga- Ships, 1946-1970 (Kenthurst, N.S.W: of the Atlantic. Her transformation into zines/navalhistory/2013-11/navys-escort- Rosenberg Publishing, 2006), 58. a migrant ship after the war assisted the carrier-offensive. 30 Ibid. IRO to transport thousands of European 7 “A History of HMS Archer,” Royal Navy 31 Ibid. immigrants to their new homelands. Research Archive, accessed April 2, 2018, 32 “The Migration Experience. Post-War The contribution of migrant ships was http://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org. Europe to Australia,” Agnes E. Karlik and underscored “by the fact that during uk/ESCORT/ARCHER.htm#.V9YK- Joseph Karlik, accessed April 2, 2018, http:// the period from 30 June 1947 to 31 KjV3EuN. people.aapt.net.au/~mandula/MIG_EXP. January 1952 the Organization (IRO) 8 Ibid. HTML. completely accomplished or materially 9 Ibid. 33 Ibid. aided the resettlement of more than 10 Ibid. 34 Plowman, Australian Migrant Ships, 59. 1,049,500 refugees and the repatriation 11 Ibid. 35 Ibid. of an additional 72,850.”74 The success 12 Ibid. 36 “Kazimierz ‘Caz’ Nizman, Polish Im- of the resettlement program was realized 13 Ibid. migrant, Anna Salen, December 29, 1951,” years later, after which it was stated 14 Ibid. Canada’s Immigration Museum, accessed “Financially the sea transportation 15 Ibid. April 2, 2018, https://pier21.ca/content/ programme of the Organization (IRO) 16 Ibid. the-immigration-story-of-kazimierz-nizman- was one involving large expenditures for 17 Ibid. polish-immigrant. which most excellent value was generally 18 “WWII War Diaries, Admiralty War 37 “Anna Salem,” Orkney Image Library, realized. Even more important from Diaries, 5/1/43 to 5/31/43; 6/1/43 to accessed April 2, 2018, https://photos.orkney- a humanitarian point of view was the 6/30/43” digital images, Fold3 (www.fold3. communities.co.uk/picture/number7872.asp. fact that this vast movement by sea was com : accessed 04 April 2018), H.X. 239. 38 “Radar and Rules of the Road,” United successfully carried out without any U-Boat sunk by A/C from Archer, 23.5.1943, States Coast Guard Proceedings, disaster or catastrophe.”75 The evolution headed “World War II War Diaries, 1941- February 1955. of the ship came full circle when she 1945,” citing NARA microfilm publication 39 “Anna Salem,” Orkney Image Library. was converted back into a cargo ship. Admiralty War Diaries, 5/1/43 to 5/31/43; 40 W.H. Mitchell and L.A. Sawyer, The Age, wear and poor maintenance finally 6/1/43 to 6/30/43, 4697018, roll 2163. Empire Ships (London: Lloyd’s of London caught up with her when she broke down 19 “A History of HMS Archer.” Press Ltd., 1995), 425. at the worst possible time and place after 20 Ibid. 41 Plowman, Australian Migrant Ships, 59. being neglected by her owners and an 21 Ibid. 42 Ibid. incompetent crew.  22 Ibid. 43 Ibid. 23 Donald R. McCoy, The Presidency of 44 Ibid. Endnotes Harry S. Truman (Lawrence, KS: Univer- 45 “In the Matter of the Libel and Petition of 1 “Sun Shipbuilding, Chester, PA.,” Ship- sity Press of Kansas, 1984), 75. CHINA UNION LINES, LTD.” building History, accessed April 2, 2018, 24 “Immigrant Shipping: Post World War II,” 46 Ibid. http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/ Government of South Australia, accessed 47 Ibid. large/sun.htm. April 2, 2018, http://www.samemory.sa.gov. 48 “United States Coast Guard Marine Board of 2 Ibid. au/site/page.cfm?u=703. Investigation; collision between M/V UNION 3 “In the Matter of the Libel and Petition of 25 “Australia welcomed post-war Eastern Bloc RELIANCE, Chinese flag, and M/V BER- CHINA UNION LINES, LTD., Owner refugees,” National Archives of Australia, EAN, 7 November 1961 with loss of life,”

36 • Summer 2019 PowerShips United States Coast Guard, accessed April 4, 64 “United States Coast Guard Marine Board of Refugee Organization, A Specialized 2018, https://www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/ Investigation; collision between M/V UNION Agency of the United Nations (London: DCO%20Documents/5p/CG-5PC/INV/ RELIANCE, Chinese flag, and M/V BER- Oxford University Press, 1956), 468. docs/boards/unionreliance.pdf. EAN.” 75 Ibid, 469. 49 Ibid. 65 “In the Matter of the Libel and Petition of 50 Ibid. CHINA UNION LINES, LTD.” 51 Ibid. 66 Ibid. About the Author 52 Ibid. 67 Ibid. SSHSA Member Eric Pearson is 53 Ibid. 68 Ibid. a retired computer 54 “In the Matter of the Libel and Petition of 69 Ibid. programmer with over CHINA UNION LINES, LTD.” 70 Ibid. 35 years’ experience 55 “United States Coast Guard Marine Board of 71 Ibid. working as a contractor Investigation; collision between M/V UNION 72 “American Cyanamid Company; A/s A. O. at the Johnson RELIANCE, Chinese flag, and M/V BER- Anderson & Co., Owner and Operator of M/v Spacecraft Center EAN.” Berean; United States of America and Lucy supporting NASA’s 56 Ibid. Duncan, Appellants, v. China Union Lines, financial and aircraft division operations. 57 Ibid. Ltd., As Owner of the S.s. Union Reliance, In addition to three bachelor degrees, Mr. 58 Ibid. Appellee.china Union Lines, Ltd., As Owner of Pearson received a master’s degree in history 59 Ibid. the S.s. Union Reliance, Appellant, v. Ameri- from the University of Houston-Clear Lake in 60 “Ships Collide in Galveston Bay,” San can Cyanamid Company, A/s A. O. Anderson 2014. Mr. Pearson’s father, Capt. James W. Antonio Light, November 8, 1961. & Co., Owner and Operator of M/v Berean; Pearson, was a Houston Ship Channel Pilot 61 “United States Coast Guard Marine Board of United States of America and Lucy Duncan, at the time of the 1961 collision and boarded Investigation; collision between M/V UNION Appellees”. Justia, accessed April 4, 2018, the Union Reliance with the recovery team RELIANCE, Chinese flag, and M/V BER- http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate- after the fire, where he assisted in identifying EAN.” courts/F2/306/135/89871/. the body of his friend and fellow pilot, Capt. 62 Ibid. 73 Plowman, Australian Migrant Ships, 59. Dave Duncan. 63 Ibid. 74 Louise W. Holborn, The International Celebrating Our 60th Year How big is that boat? When was it built? Where is it from? 2019 ‘Know Your Ships’ has the answers 200 Pages – Our Biggest Edition Ever Laker & Saltie Listings • Stacks & Flags Locks & Canals • Maps & Charts Stories About Ships, Sailors and More $18.95 standard bound $20.95 spiral bound Please add $4 s-h • Michigan orders, add 6% tax Marine Publishing Co. 317 S. Division St. # 8, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 • 734-668-4734 Easy ordering at knowyourships.com

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 37 Port of Da Nang,Vietnam, 1966-1967

38 • Summer 2019 PowerShips he Vietnam War was one of the more controversial episodes in 20th-century American history. Although numerous by David Hendrickson books, articles and photos from the documentaries have dealt with the author’s collection United States’ ill- Port of Da Nang,Vietnam, 1966-1967 starred venture in Southeast Asia, little has been written or said about South Full house at the piers Vietnam’s seaports n It was not uncommon for all berths at the piers to be occupied. This picture, looking and their role in the conflict.1 One of north from the apron of Pier Three, was taken in June 1967. The American those ports was Da Nang, the only large Condor and Swarthmore Victory were alongside Pier Two, and Seatrain seaport in the I Corps Tactical Zone (the Puerto Rico and Kenyon Victory were beyond at Pier One. Not seen are States Tfive northernmost provinces of South Steamship Company’s Illinois and Lykes Lines’ brand-new Howell Lykes at Pier Vietnam).2 Three. June saw a new record set for throughput when 228,212 short tons were There were two port operations at Da handled by the military port and 84,486 short tons were transshipped. Both figures Nang. One, the focus of this essay, was were surpassed later in the year. the military port, which from 1965 until 1970 was a component of the U.S. Naval Support Activity Da Nang. The other was the Song Han Terminal commercial port, located in the city on the Song Han River. It could accommodate small, shallow-draft vessels and was rarely, if ever, utilized by the U.S. military. The Naval Support Activity Da Nang was formally established October 15, 1965. One of the command’s mandates was logistical support of “Free World” military forces in I Corps. To meet that directive, port facilities and infrastructure at Da Nang had to be significantly and rapidly upgraded. The year 1966 was one of considerable change and growth as extensive dredging was undertaken in the river and harbor; three piers, two ramps and additional warehouse and other support facilities were built, and the number of personnel assigned to the command increased.3 By the end of the year the military port included four landing craft ramps on the Song Han River, three piers and the anchorage. Despite growing pains and occasional setbacks, increases in efficiency, productivity and throughput were soon realized.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 39 1

2 Son Tra Peninsula

Anchorage 3

4 Port of Da Nang 6 5 1. Harbor Entrance Control Post 2. Deep Water Piers 3. Tiensha Ramp City of 7 4. Commercial Port Da Nang 8 5. Ferry Landing Ramp 6. White Elephant 7. T-Pier 9 SONG LIAN 8. Museum Ramp RIVER 9. Bridge Ramp

The Anchorage n Da Nang has a large natural anchorage. Prior to the completion of the piers, cargo was lightered into landing craft (LCMs, LCUs, YFUs, Army LARCs) and barges that were discharged at one of the facilities on the river. In this picture, taken in March 1966, the Bucknell Victory (center) was anchored near the Barracks Barge APL-30, which with APL-27 and APL-5 housed NSA personnel (including the author, who lived aboard APL-27 briefly after arriving in-country). Beyond Bucknell Victory were the Berkeley Victory and Mormachawk. The Hoosier State (right) was transferring ordnance to an LST. The United Fruit Company refrigerator ship Yaque (center) functioned for many months as a floating cold storage facility. Once the piers became operational, the role of LCUs and YFUs (or “U Boats”) changed, and they generally backloaded cargo for transport south to Chu Lai or north to Hue and Dong Ha (“Coastal Ops Sierra,” “November” and “November One” respectively on the radio). Those euphemisms and “Special Cargo” (munitions) probably fooled no one eavesdropping on OCC radio traffic.

40 • Summer 2019 PowerShips The White Elephant n The White Elephant was a large white building located in the city roughly halfway between the Museum Ramp and the commercial port. It served among other things as headquarters of the Naval Support Activity Da Nang. The commanding officer and staff occupied space to the right of the entrance on the ground level. The NSA Da Nang Operations Control Center was to the left of the entrance, also on the ground level. The author was a radio operator in the OCC radio room, a high-ceilinged, narrow space with a single window looking out on the street and river. Therein, continuous watches were maintained on five radio circuits that (in theory, at least) allowed direct communication with vessels in port, tugs and service craft, the Harbor Entrance Control Post and other entities. The Operations Control Center functioned 24 hours a day. There was a handwritten sign taped to a column in the common area outside the Radio Room that read: “We may doze but we never close.” Photo taken June 1967.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 41 Tien Sha Ramp n U.S. Navy or Military Sea Transportation Service LSTs were in port virtually every day. Many beached at Tien Sha Ramp, where this photo was taken in April 1966; two Japanese-crewed MSTS LSTs were present, with USNS LST-230 being closest to the camera. With their handy size, shallow draft, bow doors and ability to move many kinds of cargo, LSTs played a vital but often overlooked role in the Vietnam sealift.

Song Han River City Museum & Bridge Ramps n This picture was taken in June 1966. In the distance to the right are the T-Pier and Museum Ramp where USS St. Clair County was beached. The Bridge Cargo Complex, so named because it was hard by the only bridge then crossing the river, was beyond. It officially opened July 1, 1966, and as it happened theS t. Clair County would be the first LST to beach there. Today the city occupies both banks of the river.

42 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Ferry Landing Ramp n The Ferry Landing Cargo Handling Facility (an NSA shuttle ferry operated from the loca- tion, hence “Ferry Landing”) became operational in August 1966. It was located across the river from the White Elephant, adjacent to the Third Marine Amphibious compound and several Vietnamese establishments of varying repute. In this photo from August 1967, the USNS LST 1088 and a Navy YFRN (refrigerator barge) were alongside the ramp’s pier.

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Visit USCGC INGHAM (WHEC-35) 1936-1988 National Historic Landmark & National Memorial to Coast Guardsmen who lost their lives in combat from WWII through Viet Nam. • Awarded two Naval Presidential Unit Citations for her service during Vietnam. • Credited with sinking U-Boat 626 during convoy duty in the North Atlantic • Served in Atlantic, Mediterranean and Philippine Theaters and Command Ship for the amphibious landings for General MacArthur’s return to Corregidor. Don’t miss the opportunity to tour this ship and learn about its remarkable history. INGHAM is located in Key West on the Truman Waterfront Park. Approaching Pier Three You Can Visit …You Can Help The foundation seeks n The Navy tug YTB-779 under the direction of an NSA harbor pilot (a donations to continue restoration of this important vessel. Navy Master or Senior Chief Boatswain’s Mate or Quartermaster) assists Please send your tax-deductible contributions to: the Cape Saunders as it approaches the north side of Pier Three in August USCGC INGHAM Memorial Museum

1967. YTB-779, which was named Manhattan although nobody called P.0. Box 186, Key West, 33041 • Phone: (305)-395-9554 Andy Newman www.uscgcingham.org it that, was the largest Navy harbor tug at Da Nang. Photo:

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 43 Harbor Entrance Control Post from Pier One n The Harbor Entrance Control Post at Observation Point had a commanding view of the harbor, its approaches and the surrounding area. HECP monitored in- and outbound vessel traffic, assigned anchorages to arriving ships not proceeding directly to a pier or ramp, and radioed vessel arrivals and departures to the OCC Radio Room. In this photo taken in March 1967, the Coastal Rambler was working cargo at Pier One in the shadow of HECP.

Underway from Pier Two n Most freighters reactivated from the Reserve Fleet for the Vietnam sealift were Victory ships such as the Greeley Victory, which had just gotten underway from Pier Two with an assist from the Barge and Transport tug Makah (left). Other AB&T tugs that spent time at Da Nang include the Santiam, Comanche, Winquatt and Nez Perce. They aided with ship and barge movements and undertook coastal tows, as did the Philippine tugs Active and Agile. (The latter came to be known as “Fragile Agile” due to numerous mishaps and periods of downtime.) This photo was taken a few days after the piers opened in October 1966.

44 • Summer 2019 PowerShips The Lighthouse News & History Magazine Features: • Colorful and Vintage Lighthouse Photos. • Stories of Lighthouse Keepers, Past & Present. • Restoration Projects Night at the piers Nautical Antiques, n It was relatively quiet at the piers the evening this picture of the Saga- Keeper’s Korner, more Hill at Pier Two and a at Pier Three was taken. They Events Calendar. were two of 41 ships that arrived at Da Nang during July 1967. Subscribe at $5 off our Railway & Locomotive Historical Society regular rates. 1/4 Page Square CMYK SSHSA PowerShips Spring 2019 Just $29.95!

Request a Free Sample Copy! PO Box 250, East Machias, ME 04630 • (207)259-2121 www.LighthouseDigest.com/sshs Bridging the continent from Atlantic to Pacific Pier Two UP AT 150 • “PACIFIC” RAILROADS • TRAVELING COAST TO COAST IN 1870 • INSIDE EMD, PART 3 In the Spring-Summer 2019 Y&L A OC W O IL M A O

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PowerShips Summer 2019 • 45 Container Ships Staged cargo n (Above) Containerization came to Vietnam with the arrival of Sea-Land Ser- n (Below) From left to right, the Illinois at Pier Three, the Mayo Lykes vice’s Bienville at Da Nang on August 1, 1967. The Fairland was the third and American Condor at Pier Two, Swarthmore Victory at Pier One Sea-Land boxship to arrive at Da Nang (the Beauregard was the second) and and the medium harbor tug Pokanoket (YTM-762) at the wall between was photographed docked on the north side of Pier Two in . Piers One and Two provide a backdrop for cargo staged at the piers. Not far from this spot there was a pallet of crushed cartons of M&Ms candy. The candy had not melted despite the heat and the bright colors were in stark contrast to their surroundings. Picture taken in June 1967.

46 • Summer 2019 PowerShips YD-195 Troopships n (Above) The Navy heavy lift crane YD-195, tied up at the wall between n (Below) Military Sea Transportation Service troopships pulled into Da Piers One and Two, was utilized for outsized and heavy lifts. YD-195’s Nang periodically, such as USNS Barrett at Pier Three in June 1967. deckhouse (note the campaign ribbons), its crane and a Phantom jet on its Other troopships seen at Da Nang include Barrett’s sisters, Geiger and deck frame the Transyork docked at Pier Two. The ship on the other side of Upshur, and the Generals Le Roy Eltinge, R.M. Blatchford, the pier was the American Hawk. The photo was taken January 1967. Nelson M. Walker, John Pope and William Weigel.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 47 Monsoon n The monsoon season (roughly September through February) was heartily loathed by all hands. The seemingly never-ending torrential rains made life miserable, and swells and wind sometimes wrought havoc with port operations. For example, in this photo from December 1966, the light harbor tug YTL-456 (“Ti- ger 456” on the radio) is holding the refrigera- tor ship Contest alongside the south side of Pier Two so that offloading could continue despite conditions. A breakwater completed in 2003 now provides protection for the piers at Tien Sa Port, as it’s now known.

Mud n Monsoon deluges would turn the access road and staging area at the piers into a quagmire. (The road and staging area were subsequently paved.) The building is the Sea-Land Service support facility, seen in October 1967.

48 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Augmenting the already extant Tien Sha and Museum 5 The Museum Ramp was close to the Champa Museum, thus the name. Ramps were the new Bridge and Ferry Landing Ramps. Like 6 Several ships docked at the piers prior to that date, the first being the the older ramps, they could handle vessels as large as LSTs.4 refrigerator ship USS Aludra. Another existing facility on the river, the T-Pier, so known 7 Ships carrying general cargo were rarely discharged at anchor once the piers because of its shape, was near the Museum Ramp. T-Pier could were completed, but tankers and those loaded with munitions continued to be accommodate landing craft and barges.5 worked at anchor. The Thong Nhat Deep Water Pier complex was formally 8 Perhaps not surprisingly, the current Da Nang port website makes no dedicated a year to the day after NSA Da Nang was established. mention of the American role in the history and development of the Tien Sa 6 It consisted of three piers, a substantial cargo staging area Port complex. and support facilities. Piers One and Two were roughly 600 feet long by 90 feet wide. Pier Three was a De Long pier and was somewhat shorter that the other piers, but its overall length About the Author was about the same because of a longer apron. Once the piers Since retiring from Old Dominion University were fully operational, vessel turnaround time was reduced in 2011, SSHSA member David Hendrickson dramatically, so much so that on a few occasions there would be devotes his time to drawing, painting, photography, no cargo in port to be handled. 7 and researching and writing about maritime On June 30, 1970, operational control of the military port history. He enlisted in the Navy in October 1965 at Da Nang was transferred to the U.S. Army, and NSA Da and arrived at Da Nang aboard the USS St Nang, only recently the Navy’s largest overseas command, was Clair County (LST-1096) in March 1966. disestablished. The next day it became known as the Naval While in-country he was assigned to the NSA Da Support Facility Da Nang. Nang Operations Control Center Radio Room in the White Elephant. Today, Da Nang is the primary seaport of central Vietnam He departed Da Nang on a Continental Airlines military charter in and ranks as the country’s third busiest port after Saigon (or Ho October 1967 and left active duty in October 1969. Inset: Author Chi Minh City, if you prefer) and Haiphong.8 Contemporary David Hendrickson on duty in the Radio Room in 1967. photos of Tien Sa Port, as it is now known, offer hints of what that area was like 50 years ago, but little or nothing remains of the facilities on the river. 

Endnotes 1 Even less remarked upon has been the role of U.S. military hatch gangs, tug and service craft crews, and other support personnel who labored long hours in brutal heat and humidity or monsoon rain to offload the ships and see to the delivery of their cargo. 2 In the Champa language, “Da Nang” means “Big River” or “Big Estuary.” South Vietnam, or, to be strictly accurate, the Republic of Vietnam, was divided into four tactical zones. From north to south they were I, II, III and IV Corps. I Corps was universally known as “Eye Corps.” Other important ports were Saigon, Qui Nhon, Vung Tau and Cam Ranh Bay. 3 NSA Da Nang was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for “exceptionally meritorious service from 16 August 1966 through 30 June 1970 in providing logistic support to all United States and Free World Military Assistance Forces in the critical I Corps Tactical Zone of the Republic of Vietnam. The outstandingly effective response to the increased tempo of operations in connection with the rapid buildup of forces and increased demands for material and services were most expeditiously accomplished. . . . By superior planning and maximum effort vast quantities of vital war materials were delivered with minimum delay to operating units throughout the I Corps Tactical Zone.” 4 Few NSA personnel knew that “Tien Sa” means “Fairy Landing,” and that per Vietnamese legend the Son Tra Peninsula on which Tien Sha Ramp and the piers were located was where mythological beings would go to dance, play games and celebrate.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 49 An SSHSA Collection Treasure SS Batavia Rescues the Crew of the Bark Charles Ward

50 • Summer 2019 PowerShips An SSHSA Collection Treasure SS Batavia Rescues the Crew of the Bark Charles Ward by James Shuttleworth

he Steamship Historical Society of America is different from most other maritime history organizations. We preserve historical maritime items for future generations and for research. Our headquartersT in Warwick, Rhode Island, is full of nautical items. Recently, a wonderful painting was discovered among our stored collections treasures. The Rescue About 1873, W. Jones painted the rescue of the crew of the sailing bark Charles Ward, of , England, by the crew of the steamer Batavia. The painting is a dramatic scene of the rescue, which took place in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, after a hurricane dismasted the Charles Ward. She was waterlogged and torn to pieces. The crew is clinging to the rigging in bitter cold weather. After 31 hours, most had drowned already. Nine, including the captain, W. Bell, were rescued. Volunteers from the crew of the Cunard steamer Batavia can be seen in lifeboats heroically fighting their way to the foundering vessel. The waves were so high and furious that it took multiple attempts to rescue them all, and the lifeboats were abandoned and set adrift after the rescue, it being too dangerous to recover them. With only a small number of passengers, Batavia could afford to lose a few lifeboats. If you look closely, you can see the lifeboats in the waves.

n W. Jones painting of the rescue of the crew of the sailing bark Charles Ward, of Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, by the crew of the steamer Batavia. – SSHSA Archives

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 51 n Painting, circa 1900, by Solon Francis Montecello (SFM) Badger, of the John Park and Thomas Henry. The medals were actually rescue of the crew of the sailing bark Charles Ward. – Author’s collection. from the Liverpool Shipwreck and Humane Society, to whom Clemens’ letter had been referred. Mouland became friends Samuel Clemens (Mark with Clemens and visited him in Hartford twice afterward. Twain) witnessed the rescue from aboard Batavia while returning from England. He The Artists wrote a letter to the British Although W. Jones has not been identified by the author, Royal Humane Society, there is a listing in Dorothy Brewington’s Dictionary of Marine praising the valor of the Artists for a William Jones, saying only that he was active in Batavia’s crew, and the letter was 1872 and painted in oil. It also lists an undescribed photo at published in the Boston, New the Peabody Essex Museum, which is close to Boston. A look York and Hartford newspapers. at a Boston City Directory for 1875 finds many W. Joneses. A As you can see in the painting, William Jones is listed as a sailor. He might be our painter, or it took a lot of courage to row not. Of course, the “W” could be for a middle name. over the mountainous waves to Circa 1900, Solon Francis Montecello (SFM) Badger (1873– the sinking vessel. 1919), a Boston marine artist of great repute, painted the scene Two brothers, Nicholas again. Badger is better known than W. Jones – in fact, he’s a n Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) and Henry Foley, both famous marine artist. He probably copied his version from the witnessed the rescue from aboard quartermasters, were among W. Jones painting, since he was not yet born when the incident Batavia while returning to the United the rescuers, and they had occurred. A similar painting, signed SFM Badger and dated States from England. – U.S. Library already participated in many 1900, is owned by the Peabody Essex Museum. You can see it of Congress photo. other rescues. When asked why in Marine Paintings and Drawings in the Peabody Museum, by Marion they volunteered, they simply V. and Dorothy Brewington, on page 12. These paintings were said that it was their duty and that someday they might need likely done by Badger for members of the crews of either or both rescuing and hoped someone would volunteer to save them. vessels, or on speculation. Badger is said to have lived with and As a result of Samuel Clemens’ letter to the Humane Society, studied under the famous marine painter William P. Stubbs. Captain John E. Mouland, master of Batavia, received a Gold Medal and extra pay. The rescue crew received a Silver Medal and extra pay. Besides the two brothers already mentioned, the The Charles Ward rescuers included 3rd Officer David Gillies, 4th Officer Haslett The bark Charles Ward was built in Kennebunk, Maine, Kyle, and four Seamen: Richard Brennan, Nathanial Clarke, in 1852. She was owned in the United States until about 1864,

52 • Summer 2019 PowerShips when she was sold to George Cairns of Newcastle Upon Tyne. She ran aground again in 1924, with a cargo of coal, and was It’s likely that she was sold because of Confederate commerce refloated and scrapped in . This ended a 37-year raiders during the Civil War, like many Northern-owned career in the Pacific. SS Shikotan Maru, ex-Tacoma, ex-Batavia, vessels at that time. Under British ownership, the Charles Ward had a total life of 54 years – a long time for a steamer. was primarily used in the and Mediterranean trades. A Chinese painting of SS Batavia is displayed on At the time of the dismasting, she was en route with timber the Kelton Foundation’s Blue World Web Museum at from Quebec to Sunderland, England. blueworldwebmuseum.org. However, her signal flags are not correct.  The Batavia SS Batavia had a long career. Built on speculation in 1869 About the Author by William Denny and Brothers of , Scotland, James Shuttleworth is a retired geologist her hull was iron. She was purchased by the Cunard Line and army officer. He was been a board member (then known as British and North America Royal Mail Steam of the Steamship Historical Society of America Packet Line). Launched as the Batavia in the fall of 1870, she from 2012 tto 2018 and an SSHSA member had accommodations for 150 first-class and 800 third-class since the 1970s. He was the president of the passengers. She was a single-screw steamer, brig rigged, with Southern California Chapter 2014 and 2015. Spencer sails and one funnel amidship. He has a passion for ship portraits. SS Batavia was the first steamer equipped with a compound steam engine. This alone makes her famous. The engine of 450 nominal horsepower gave her a speed of 15 knots. This compound engine was replaced with a four-cylinder, triple- expansion steam engine of 1,100 indicated horsepower in 1884, Through the eyes of when Batavia was sold to the Elder Line (owned by the Guion Line). In 1887, Canadian Pacific Railway Company chartered Merchant Marine Veterans three Cunarders – the Batavia, Abyssinia and Parthia (later Victoria), linking their transpacific service to Victoria, British Columbia. Interestingly, Abyssinia rescued the crew of another vessel in the same storm as Batavia. In 1891, the Upton Line chartered Batavia, followed by the North Pacific Steamship Company in 1892. She was renamed Tacoma that same year. The Spanish American War found the U.S. Army looking for transports. They chartered Tacoma after passage of an Act of Congress authorizing the foreign- built vessel to be registered in the United States. Guion sold her to the Northern Pacific Railway’s newly organized North American Mail Steamship Company. When the war was over, the Army released her and she Join us now! went into the gold rush business, traveling to and from Nome, If you are a Merchant Mariner Alaska, and beginning in 1899. In 1901, Tacoma was or have served in the military transferred to the Northern Pacific Steamship Company and Keep up to date with our quarterly AMMV NEWS Magazine used in the Bering Sea and the transpacific services. The with information on Legislative actions, current maritime Northwestern Commercial Company was next to own her, in issues and historical features. 1904, running her to Siberian ports and other places in the Bering Sea. The Russo-Japanese War was on at this time, and Tacoma was secretly chartered to take barrels of beef to the Russian Army at Vladivostok. After being locked in the ice for 45 days, Tacoma was captured by the Japanese Navy and became the American Merchant Marine Veterans SS Shikotan Maru. Join online – www.ammv.us or contact Batavia/Tacoma/Shikotan Maru ran aground many times National Headquarters • P.O. Box 2024 •Darien, CT 06820-2024 (475) 4670-9200 or email: [email protected] between 1891 and 1924, but was never damaged seriously.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 53 Regionals Shipping News from Points Around the Compass

Plans include connecting the retail and June, ranging from three to six spaces at the Pier with a new public nights, calling on Fernando de Noronha plaza that connects directly to the ship’s Island. Other ports were to include deck at the water level. The deck would Cabedelo, Natal and Maceió. serve as the “street floor” lobby for the Plans for Pampa Cruises to operate hotel with direct access from the newly the Salamis Filoxenia appear to have failed created public space. Above, the ship’s after the sale of the vessel was terminated. decks combine a number of distinct but The agreement was canceled when interrelated program elements: 800-plus the buyers failed to fulfill the relevant eginning this column with news of micro-luxury hotel rooms, a beach and contract terms. The advance payment Bveteran vessels is always something winter club, museum, restaurants and of $770,000 made by the buyers was special. night clubs. forfeited in favor of Salamis Tours. Past plans to charter the Delphin a) New Plans for Big U South American Cruise Belorussiya b) Kazakhstan II under a five-year Line Plans on Hold arrangement had previously been put on outh America’s first local year- hold, leaving that ship laid up in . Sround operation was set to start as Pampa Cruises on January 23. The Jeopardized Argentina-based cruise line claimed that Newbuilds Rescued it had acquired the 1974-built Salamis orkers from the Croatian Filoxenia a) Gruziya b) Odessa Sky c) Club Wshipbuilding group Uljanik went Cruise 1 d) Club Cruise e) Van Gogh, which on strike for the fourth time in late 2018. it reported had just been drydocked in The president of the strike committee Greece prior to being renamed Arrecife. told reporters that workers were aware n SS United States berthed at its Philadelpha Schedules called for Arrecife to operate that the action could mean the end of dock. – SS United States Conservancy photo. 33 cruises from Recife between January the company. All work, including that of he proposed redesign of the TUnited States turns the Big U into a floating hotel and event space adjacent to Pier 57 in New York City. Handel Architects created a concept for the adaptive reuse and redesign of the United States. Built by renowned naval architect William Francis Gibbs, the ship has been docked at Pier 82 on the Delaware River in Philadelphia since 1996. The concept moves the ship next to Pier 57 in West Chelsea, New York City, where it can capitalize on both the uniqueness of the United States and the expansiveness of Pier 57, which was renovated by Handel Architects. The reconfigured space would include new n The MS Salamis Filoxenia in Kos Harbor, Greece, in 2013. (See “South American hotel space coupled with a new public Cruise Line Plans on Hold”) – Ad Meskens photo. space at the water’s edge.

54 • Summer 2019 PowerShips subcontractors, was stopped at the yard, including work on Scenic Eclipse I. A white knight in the form of thankfully saved the day. The often-delayed delivery of Scenic Eclipse has finally been rescheduled for August 15, 2019. Scenic claimed that delivery was firm since Fincanterri had gained a financial stake in the troubled shipyard at Uljanik. Scenic also signed a Letter of Intent with Fincantieri for the construction of a series of discovery-type yacht cruise vessels also to be built at Uljanik. Names Announced itz-Carlton will name its first Ryacht Azora when the 299-passenger vessel debuts in February 2020. In a rare homage to its past, Carnival n Illustration of the , expected to launch in December 2019. (See “New announced that its XL newbuild running on Vista-Class Vessel Scheduled for Delivery,” page 56) – photo. LNG will be named . It was the first Mardi Gras a) Empress of Canada c) Olympic Without explanation, Ponant The ceremony was held in Celebrity Edge’s d) Star of Texas e) Olympic 2004 g) Apollo h) renamed its as-yet-unbuilt sixth ship main theater, The Oculus. Apollon that made the initial Carnival cruise from Le Surville to Le Jacques Cartier. The took delivery from Miami on March 11, 1972. 184-passenger vessel is scheduled for of its second Pinnacle-class ship during Royal Caribbean has named the fifth delivery in 2020. a ceremony held at the Fincantieri Quantum-class ship (steel cutting began Marghera shipyard in Venice on recently), which is in turn the second Christenings & Deliveries November 29, 2018. Antonella Cazzin, Quantum Ultra, Odyssey of the Seas. obel Prize winner and Pakistani who has worked at the shipyard for more The fourth of the MSC Mersviglia Nactivist Malala Yousafzai served than 35 years, served as the madrina class, and the second Meraviglia Plus, is as Celebrity Edge’s godmother during a (godmother) for the coin ceremony, a to be MSC Virtuosa ceremony held at Miami on December 4. tradition that sees a coin welded into the ship’s keel or for good luck. Nieuw Statendam arrived in on December 19, 2018, for its inaugural season in the Caribbean. The ship’s official naming ceremony took place on February 2, 2019, in Fort Lauderdale. Popular American television personality Oprah Winfrey served as godmother. After its inaugural winter season, Nieuw Statendam will head back to Europe to sail in , Iceland and the Mediterranean through summer 2019. Ponant announced itineraries for its two latest ships. Le Bougainville is scheduled to enter service April 15 with an all-new, seven-night, Mediterranean Islands sailing. After leaving Nice, the n Cruise vessel MV Funchal in Helsinki in 2009. (See “New Cruise Ventures,” page 56) – Ulf ship will travel toward the historic city Larsen photo. of Bonifacio before stops at the Amalfi Coast, Sicily, Crete, Nafplio and, finally,

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 55 Piraeus (Athens). Additional ports of never managed to find gainful year- Party” cruises to Spanish ports in the call for Le Bougainville include Istanbul, round employment for the Aegean Mediterranean, including Ibiza Town, and . Odyssey. Many of the ship’s winter season Palma de Majorca and Marbella Le Dumont-d’Urville is to debut programs were canceled at the last (Malaga). The ship’s inaugural cruise August 7 with an eight-night Baltic minute because of low bookings. A few will be in spring 2019. The onboard sailing from to , years back, the ship spent a couple of experience will feature gourmet dining with two overnights in St. Petersburg and months during the peak summer season and bar service (via partnership stops at Tallinn, Helsinki and Visby. on charter to ETSTUR. with Alma De Cuba), five-star hotel Jalesh Cruises will introduce a new accommodations and amenities, live New Cruise Ventures brand to the Indian market in April 2019, star entertainment and beach-style deck onprofit tour operator Road as Zen Cruises has confirmed that its new parties with guest DJ performances. NScholar will have the use of its own ship will be Pacific Jewel a) The first cruise vessel redesigned ship for the first time starting in 2020. b) A’rosa Blu c) AIDAblu d) for the Mexican market, the 1990-built Voyages to Antiquity’s 350-passenger Two. The ship will be converted into the Vidanta Elegant a) Crown Monarch b) Nautican Aegean Odyssey a) Narcis b) Alkyon c) Aegean and start service from Mumbai. c) Walrus d) Jules Verne e) Alexander von Dolphin d) Dolphin e) Aegean Dolphin f) Aegean The president and CEO of Zen Humboldt II f) Alexander von Humboldt g) 1 will sail on charter to Road Scholar Tourism and Cruises will lead the startup, Voyager left Naples on January 7 en route from 2020 to 2023. The vessel will sail which is owned by Essel Group. The to its new home port of Puerto Vallarta Power Ships itineraries in Greece, Turkey, , Essel Group is a major power in India, after finally completing a major internal (2.25 x 4.75 inches) 1/6Italy, page Spain, the British Isles and beyond. with holdings from news and media to rebuild at shipyards in Cadiz and Naples. Road Scholar’s World Academy technology, packaging, entertainment, Vidanta Cruises, a subsidiary of will be offered aboard the ship in 2021. precious metals and more. leading Mexican company Grupo Although details haven’t been released, The company took delivery of the ship Vidanta, is Latin America’s leading that implies an extensive itinerary. on March 12 and was planning a six- leisure resort company. Plans call for a Gerry Herrod’s Voyages to Antiquity week conversion at a drydock in Asia. 2019/20 season debut. Signature Living will be pioneering More Newbuild THE GLENCANNON its first party boat hotel, giving guests the chance to embark on a one-of-a- Orders Placed PRESS kind journey from Liverpool in search ceania Cruises announced plans Maritime Books of the biggest and best overseas party Oto build two new ships, including G destinations. its first newbuild in a decade. P In late-December 2018, the new Fincantieri Shipyard (in , NEW! ship owner Signature Living revealed Italy) is scheduled to complete the an ambitious refurbishment project for 1,200-passenger vessels, the first in the converting the Funchal into a luxury Allura class, in 2022 and 2025. The hisTory of The party hotel ship. The vessel will be The 67,000-grt Allura-class ships will AssociATion of MArylAnd homeported in Liverpool, from where be slightly larger than the 66,000-grt iloTs P it will operate roundtrip “Beach O-class ships, but they’ll accommodate by Capt. Brian Hope A veteran pilot of more than 40 years experience guiding ships through Chesapeake Bay, Capt. Hope chronicles the fas- cinating history of this organi- zation from before the Revolu- tionary War to the present.

FREE Catalog 1-510-455-9027 Online at n www.glencannon.com cruise ship visiting Montenegro. (See “More Newbuild Orders Placed”) – Paavo01 photo.

56 • Summer 2019 PowerShips 1,200 passengers and will cost approximately $1.3 billion for the pair. One week after the pair of Allura-class vessels was ordered, Holdings and Fincantieri signed a $750.5 million contract for an ultra- luxury cruise ship for Regent Seven Seas Cruises. This latest vessel will be a sister ship to the Seven Seas Explorer. The ship will be built to accommodate up to 750 passengers and will be named Seven Seas Splendor. It’s scheduled for delivery in late 2023. The ship will be Regent Seven Seas’ sixth all-suites vessel. Royal Caribbean International’s parent has signed an agreement with Chantiers de l’Atlantique to build one n Norwegian Joy in 2017. (See “Norwegian Joy to Lose Chinese Decor”) – Dick Elbers photo. more Oasis-class cruise vessel, bringing the series to six ships. cruises to Alaska before shifting to Los Angeles. Casualties Ship Sales uxury expedition cruise line apag-Lloyd Cruises announced More Expedition Ships LPonant temporarily removed its Le Hthat it has sold its 1990-built Result from Sharing Soleal from service to make necessary Bremen to a subsidiary of the Swiss river orway’s Hurtigruten will have to technical repairs. As a result, cruises cruise ship owner Scylla AG. The ocean Nshare the coastal express route with were canceled until December 20, 2018, cruise ship will be transferred in May compatriot operator Havila Kystruten when the ship reentered service. 2021 and chartered out by Scylla under beginning January 1, 2021; Hurtigruten Le Soleal suffered damage to one a new name. will operate seven vessels and Havila of its propellers while sailing through Former fleetmate Hanseatic is now four vessels. It comes as no surprise that Chile’s Kirke Passage on November 14. owned by Portugal-based Bunnys Hurtigruten has announced that it will The incident forced the ship to end its Adventure and Cruise Shipping move four vessels from its coastal express cruise early; it was then transferred to the Company. She has been renamed RCGS fleet into its expedition fleet by 2021. ASMAR shipyard in Talcahuano, Chile, Resolute and registered in Medeira. The ships involved include Finnmarken, on November 23 for repairs.  Midnatsol, Spitsbergen and Trollfjord. This Norwegian Joy to Lose will expand Hurtigruten’s expedition n Write Peter T. Eisele at Chinese Décor cruise fleet to 10 vessels. The four new 74 Chatham Street, Chatham, NJ 07928 lobal marine outfitter MJM is additions will be used for year-round or [email protected] Gundertaking its biggest-ever project, expedition cruises. which will see a team of 1,400 people spend more than a month working on a cruise liner at locations including China and the United States. In a multimillion dollar project, MJM Marine will play the lead role in the design, manufacture, installation and project management of the interior refit that will transform the cruise liner from Chinese accents to one suited for American tastes. Work began onboard Norwegian Joy on March 11 in China with completion on April 21 in Seattle. Following the refit, Norwegian Joy will embark on a series of

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 57 Philly Shipyard News t’s getting to be crunch time at Ithe Philly Shipyard. As of this writing, the yard is completing the Kaimana Hila, which is the second of Matson’s Aloha-class, 3,600-TEU container ships. The newbuild’s name is the Hawaiian transliteration of Oahu’s iconic Diamond n Zhen Hua 25. (See “Port of Philadelphia News”) – Port of Philadelphia photo. Head. Once the delivery is completed during the first quarter of 2019, there are The Grande Caribe and Grand Mariner have cranes last year; a third crane is slated no other shipbuilding contracts. Already retractable pilot houses and bow ramps to be installed this coming spring. North reporting a $45.4 million loss for 2018, that allow travelers to explore places that Carolina expects to see more growth as Philly Shipyard continues to explore the larger ships are unable to go to. its $200 million expansion continues. potential options, including interim work The expansion plan includes a wider such as ship repair and steel fabrication. Port of Wilmington News turning basin and berth enhancements. As The yard is hoping to be the successful elaware’s premier port held container terminal improvements continue, bidder for the planned National Security Dceremonies in February NC Ports estimates that they’ll reach a Multi-Mission vessels. Up to five such commemorating the maiden arrival capacity of 1.2 million TEUs in the near ships might ultimately be constructed. of the MSC San Antonio. The event future. The contract for the first vessel is recognized the inception of MSC’s tentatively expected to be awarded in the new weekly Chilean fruit service via Cape Liberty Port News second quarter of this year. transhipment from Freeport, Bahamas. he Cape Liberty cruise port Afterward, crews removed the palletized Tcontinues to be popular with Port of Philadelphia News fruit from the ship’s refrigerated residents of the tristate area. Starting hiladelphia port officials containers. The containers were then in January of this year and running Pannounced that the Chinese motor reloaded aboard the MSC San Antonio for through the end of December is a vessel Zhen Hua 25 sailed from Shanghai her return voyage to Freeport. full roster of cruises to , on January 8 with two new super post- , Canada, New England and the Panamax container cranes. The cranes Carolinian Ports Setting Caribbean. Cape Liberty is the northern are bound for South Philadelphia and New Records home port for the Celebrity Summit, Adventure were scheduled to arrive at the Packer t’s been an exciting time for of the Seas and Anthem of the Seas. Avenue Marine Terminal in mid- Icontainer ship traffic at the Carolinian March. The cranes are part of the port’s ports. South Carolina Ports Authority Eighth Annual Lego ambitious modernization project. reported a record-breaking 188,585 Shipbuilding Event in This spring, Blount Small Ships TEUs for November, surpassed in Norfolk Adventures will be offering a Chesapeake January by a little over 205,000 TEUs. even years ago, the Hampton Bay cruise aboard its Grande Caribe, sailing In mid-January, the North Carolina SRoads Naval Museum began a from Philadelphia from May 30 to June 8. Ports website reported an all-time high small program at the neighboring Ports of call include St. Michael’s, Oxford, for container volume, and the Port of Nauticus museum. They combined Cambridge, Crisfield, Norfolk, Yorktown, Wilmington recorded a year-over-year Legos with historic navy ships to get Alexandria, Annapolis and ends at container volume increase of 23 percent. children interested in not only naval Baltimore. The American-flagged line is This success is mostly because of the history, but also science, technology, known for its intimate, yacht-like style. installation of two new neo-Panamax engineering and math, more commonly

58 • Summer 2019 PowerShips referred to as STEM. The first event The event is free and is held every On December 7, 2018, exactly 75 proved successful, with a few hundred year on the firstS aturday of February. years after being sent down the ways people in attendance. In 2018, just A video of this year’s event can be in Philadelphia, Wisconsin was again seven years later, the annual event had found at https://www.dvidshub.net/ christened as the Ship Experience Access approximately 3,000 people. Because video/658393/2019-lego-brick-brick. Room was opened. SEAR is fashioned after of the higher rates of attendance, the For news and events taking place at a control center, and it features four large- event is now held at the Half Moone Hampton Roads Naval Museum, visit screen monitors where users can select feeds Cruise and Celebration Center, which is the museum’s Facebook page at https:// from 20 cameras strategically mounted in adjacent to HRNM and Nauticus. www.facebook.com/HRNavalMuseum. difficult-to-access compartments of the ship. The event has building instructions This enables visitors to virtually visit spaces for 16 naval vessels, ranging from the Ship Experience Access they’re unable to experience due to physical Revolutionary War period to the present Room Opens at Battleship limitations. day, and including one for the USS Wisconsin Christopher Goodland, great- Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), which is SS Wisconsin (BB 64) is part of great grandson of former Wisconsin homeported in Norfolk. The event also Uthe landscape of Downtown governor Walter Goodland, whose third features a free play area, which allows Norfolk and an integral part of visiting wife Martha S. Goodland acted as the for more imaginative construction, and the Hampton Roads Naval Museum vessel’s sponsor, was on hand at the a sensory room, introduced last year, to and Nauticus. It’s been nearly 20 years ribbon-cutting ceremony in December. accommodate autistic children. since the battleship arrived in Norfolk Goodland, a U.S. Army veteran, The event, officially called “Lego Brick and was opened to the public. She was petitioned then-governor of Wisconsin by Brick Shipbuilding,” was held this year launched exactly two years after the Scott Walker to proclaim December on February 2 and had 5,272 visitors. Pearl Harbor attack, on December 7, 7, 2018, as USS Wisconsin (BB 64) Day Captain Corey Keniston, the commanding 1943, at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, in the state. Goodland presented the officer of Ticonderoga-class guided-missile and after earning six battle stars proclamation at the ceremony. He told cruiser USS Gettysburg (CG 64), learned that between World War II and the Korean WVEC-TV, “[H]andicapped people one of the models this year was the very War (five and one, respectively), the should be able to get on the ship as well. ship that he commands and decided to vessel was placed in the reserve fleet. Especially former sailors who have been volunteer. There were 114 sailors on hand as The ship was put in and taken out of here before and may not have the mobility volunteers to provide assistance in a variety service at least three times before being they used to have.” For more information of areas, including 10 from USS Gettysburg decommissioned in 1991 as the Cold about Nauticus and Battleship Wisconsin, who accompanied Capt. Keniston. War finally came to an end. visit https://www.nauticus.org. 

n Write John Fostik (PA, NJ, DE, MD) at [email protected] or Julia Winters (DC, VA, NC, SC) at [email protected]

n North Carolina Ports cranes in January 2019. (See “Carolinian Ports Setting New Records,” page 58) – NCPorts photo.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 59 Government Shutdown he government shutdown that Tdisrupted everyone’s lives in December would also have caused the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island to shut down had a godfather in the form of Governor Andrew Cuomo not stepped n NYC Ferry Seas the Day. – G. Justin Zizes, Jr., photo. in. The governor provided New York State funding, at the rate of $65,000 a New York City Mayor DeBlasio day, to help keep Ferry News announced that the New York City employees on the job at those locations. ork on the new Staten Island Ferry will be making a Staten Island It’s estimated that the two tourist Wferries Staff Sergeant Michael Ollis connection to Battery Park City and West attractions bring in $1 million a day to and Sandy Ground, being built at Eastern 38th Street in 2020. Additionally, one New York. Shipbuilding in Florida, resumed on more stop to Throggs Neck in the Bronx, The Harbor School of New York, along January 15. Progress was delayed and one more stop at Coney Island with the USCG Foundation, sponsored a because of Hurricane Michael. The latter in Brooklyn, will be added. All routes fundraiser for Sector New York during the boat is named for a borough community charge a fare of $2.75. partial government shutdown. founded by freed black slaves. The latest figures from the New York

n coming into port. (See “Casualties,” page 61) – G. Justin Zizes, Jr., photo.

60 • Summer 2019 PowerShips heavy ice. The Captain, along with three empty barges, slammed into the Amtrak Swing Bridge in Albany on January 26. The USCG Station Saugerties responded, and all four vessels were pulled to safety with no bridge damage. Built in 1985, the 600-passenger Captain JP III was towed at the end of February by NYS Marine Highway tugs Sarah D and Frances to North River Shipyard in Nyack, New York, for repairs. The repairs will take approximately 30 days, and were expected to be completed in time for the boat’s 2019 tourist season. The USCGC Penobscot Bay (WTGB 107), USCGC Sturgeon Bay (WTGB 109) and USCGC Wire were assigned to n U.S. Coast Guard Cutter 107. (See “Upstate News”) – G. Justin Zizes, Jr., photo. their normal icebreaking duties in the Hudson this past winter season, where City Economic Development Corporation 2019, date to bring in a ferry operation they cleared ice for marine traffic. show that the ferry passenger count since and may have to pay back the federal the beginning of NYC Ferry service is government for the development of the now at 7.6 million riders. town’s ferry landing. A waiver has since been granted to extend the time period Casualties to May 2020. n December 19, 2018, the Amber The South Shore Ferry operators OBay, a 479-ft tanker, was leaving reported that they were iced in for a few n USCGC 109. – G. Justin Zizes, Jr., photo. New York Harbor when an engine room days in February. The USCG Penobscot Bay helped two fire broke out. USCGC Shrike and units The 309-ft dredge Illinois, owned stranded tugs in Newburgh, New York, from the New York Fire Department and by Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Co., with flushing out ice. the New York Police Department helped continued its work dredging Fire Island Ice Rescue Training by USCG to extinguish the fire. Inlet this past winter. personnel took place in Albany during When Norwegian Gem came into port on the winter months.  February 25, winds were stronger than gale Upstate News force. A decision was made that a docking he 156-ft Captain JP III a) Alton n Write G. Justin Zizes, Jr. at couldn’t be achieved, and the vessel had to TBelle Casino b) Argosy I c) Henrietta 147 East 37th Street, New York, New York turn around in Upper New York Harbor III of JP Cruises, from Troy, New York, 10016 or g [email protected] and head back out to sea. The ship was able broke away from her moorings because of to return the following day when winds had diminished. This disrupted schedules, and passengers missed connections on both debarkation and embarkation. Also because of high winds, NYC Ferry canceled quite a few runs to Brooklyn, Bay Ridge and the Rockaways. Pier 92 has been deemed structurally unsafe and will not be used for pier landings.. Long Island News he town of Glen Cove, Long TIsland, has gone past its January 1, PowerShips Summer 2019 • 61 New ollowing several months of Fshipyard delays, Irish Ferries’ new 1,885-passenger super-ferry W. B. Yeats finally made her commercial debut in n W. B. Yeats. (See “New Ferries”) – Irish Ferries photo. January on the route between Dublin, Ireland, and Holyhead, Wales. Built at the named Stena Estrid, was floated out of the German Flensburger Yard, the original Brexit Uncertainty Persists building dock in January 2019. plan was for her to enter service in May ow past its initial deadline to 2018. A series of delays cascaded into Nwithdraw from the European Union, End of the Line for Danish- almost a full year, and this has placed the there is a great deal of uncertainty within German Rail/Sea Link? shipyard in dire financial straits. many facets of the at the eginning in December 2019, German moment. Ferry operators have developed a Band Danish railways will suspend variety of contingency plans to attempt to one of the last remaining rail-ferry continue the uninterrupted flow of goods services on the continent for an indefinite and passengers in the event of a so-called period of time. Currently, several daily No-Deal Brexit. DFDS Seaways, for Inter City Express trains connecting n High-speed catamaran ferry Saint John example, will boost sailing frequencies on , Germany, with Copenhagen, Paul II entering the inner harbor of the Port several routes, and it has introduced new , make the 45-minute crossing of Fremantle during her delivery voyage from technology to better manage customers’ of the Femern Belt on the rail/auto/ Hobart, Australia, to Valletta, . – clearances. P&O Ferries took a different passenger ferries of . With Bahnfrend photo. tack, moving all of its Dover-Calais fleet plans afoot to replace the ferry with a Maltese operator Virtu Ferries took from the British flag to the Cyprus flag, tunnel in the near future, it’s possible that delivery of the 900-passenger high- thus allowing the ferries themselves to this suspension will become permanent. speed catamaran Saint John Paul II from remain under a European Union flag. Australian builder InCat in March. Former Sealink Ferry The second-largest high-speed ferry in Stena Buys Japanese Ferry Teeters on the Edge the world, the vessel will enter service t press time, the 1972-built between Malta and Sicily later in the Aformer Sealink English Channel spring. This is the second InCat vessel ferry Penelope A a) Horsa b) Stena Horsa named after the former pope, joining c) Penelope A d) Express Penelope was HSC Francisco, operated by Buquebus and lying with a 10-degree list in the Gulf connecting Uruguay and Argentina. of Elefsina, near Athens, Greece. Last At the same time, a second Australian- n Yamato. – Hashi photo. operated in 2014, Penelope A has been built high-speed vessel, Express 4, was wedish operator has abandoned following the failure of her delivered to Danish operator Spurchased the 2003-built Japanese previous operator, Agoudimos Lines. for service on Danish domestic routes. Ro/Pax ferry Yamato from her operators, Recent auctions have failed to attract Built by competitor , Express 4 will Hankyu Ferry. She’ll be converted in buyers, and she’s likely to end up on the carry about 1,000 passengers and 425 Greece for European service before being beach in Turkey if she doesn’t sink first. cars at speeds of up to 37 knots. deployed within the Stena sphere or on Destination Gotland in Sweden has charter to another operator. This is the n Write Ted Blank at 1576 Grotto taken delivery of its newest vessel, the first Japanese purchase for Stena, which Street North, St Paul, MN 55117 Chinese-built Visborg. She was expected also has a series of six large ferries under or [email protected] to enter service in late March. construction in China. The first vessel,

62 • Summer 2019 PowerShips here’s been a lot of action on the Tnaval front, with nary a shot being fired, while it’s been somewhat quiet in the civilian quarter. Lightship Home for Sale n the latter stage, your next Ohome can be a transformed former lightship for a cool $5.2 million. Floating in Boston Harbor, the 4,000-square-foot lavish yacht features six bedrooms, a library and n The Nantucket Lightship, currently for sale, in Boston Harbor. (See “Lightship Home For a media room, and once entertained Sale”) – Roddy Sergaides photo. distinguished guests including former President George W. Bush, Senator Ted The website, www.facebook.com/ groves of native Maine tree species used Kennedy and pop singer Janelle Monáe. groups/293914004007347, has been in in traditional shipbuilding, as well as Decommissioned in 1985 by the U.S. existence for several years, but is not thousands of local shrubs, perennials and Coast Guard and replaced by a buoy, the well known. Bob Pointer of the LST-325 grasses. A special garden honoring U.S. lightship was purchased via a winning museum ship, a decommissioned World Navy families will sit adjacent to the exhibit $126,100 bid on eBay in 2000. Nautical War II U.S. Navy tank landing vessel, Bath Iron Works: Building America’s Navy. history buff and former Massachusetts has encouraged the Historic Naval Ships Completion is expected by spring 2020, in politician Bill Golden and his wife Kristen Association and others to make use of time for the Maine Bicentennial celebration; transformed the vessel by spending the service. nearly 90 percent of the required funds have hundreds of thousands of dollars. The ship, The HNSA will have its annual already been raised. which once hadn’t a single sliver of wood conference September 17 to 20 at The same museum has a new exhibit, nearly 20 years earlier, is now rich in all- the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Shipwrecks & Salvage, running until wood walls and hand-carved furniture. Manitowoc, home of the World War II November 3. It profiles the once- Unsurprisingly, unorthodox homes submarine USS Cobia (SS/AGSS-245). common wrecks and abandoned hulks are difficult to sell, and when they do sell that once dotted the Maine coastline. they go for considerably less than their Museum Renovation The immersive exhibit explores Maine asking price. Nonetheless, the Goldens’ n other museum news, the Maine maritime archaeology, the sites and real estate agent, Josie McKenzie of IMaritime Museum broke ground their preservation, while highlighting Douglas Elliman, sees other potential in early March on a $3.3-million technologies that allow undersea uses, as a hotel, restaurant, public redevelopment of its front entrance and exploration and exploitation, past and attraction or maritime museum. south-side campus. present. Visitors will also be exposed to The five-acre renovation will enhance the complicated role that museums play in Website for Period Items the museum’s visual and practical appeal preserving and displaying these artifacts peaking of museum ships, a website by improving handicapped accessibility, and why they should do so, as time and Shas been established through repairing crumbling front steps and nature take their toll on these relics of days Facebook to enable floating repositories deteriorating parking surfaces, and gone by. looking for scarce historic equipment, transforming the landscape bordering the The Marine Insight website named parts, supplies and period items to make Kennebec River and Washington Street. the MMM as one of the world’s ten best contact with similar organizations with The repository will remain open during maritime museums. For more about the excess inventory. construction, which will include planting museum, visit mainemaritimemuseum.org.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 63 was reported in February that these mid- including tax, for the design of the Ferry Saga Continues shore vessels “roll like crazy” and cause Royal Canadian Navy’s future surface he ongoing soap opera that is the crews to become seasick. The rolling combatants. Irving Shipbuilding and Tthe Maine ferry to took prompted one sailor to place rolled-up BAE Systems-Lockheed Martin won the another twist when this year’s proposed jackets under the outer edge of his bunk competition to build 15 ships for their Type relocation to Bar Harbor from Portland to keep him from being tossed out of bed. 26 Global Combat Ship design last October was indefinitely scuttled at one point. The Canadian Broadcasting in a project ultimately valued at between Negotiations between Nova Scotia’s Corporation reported that the ships $56 billion and $60 billion Canadian. Bay Ferries and the U.S. Customs and have been kept in port during weather Competitor Alion Science contested Border Patrol regarding the new service appropriate to their intended role. the decision in federal court, stating that to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, were on Built in Halifax by Irving Shipyard only existing designs in service were hold because of the mid-winter, 35-day between 2010 and 2014, in a program eligible, since the first Type 26 federal government shutdown, which that cost $227 million Canadian, the is still under construction in the United may arise again. This action prompted 137-foot-long, 23-foot-beam Hero-class Kingdom. Bay Ferries to ask Portland to allow ships were denied hull stabilizers. Construction is set to begin in the early the canceled three-year-old service to The Canadian Coast Guard has denied 2020s. CAE, L3 Technologies, MDA and resume for 2019. That city responded that there’s any problem with the cutters’ Ultra Electronics Maritime Systems are promptly in January by informing Bay safety and stability, despite repeated also part of the winning consortium. Ferries that this was no longer an option complaints from the vessels’ commanding because of other commitments. Portland officers and crew. Coast Guard records, CCG Seeks Vessel had made arrangements with developers revealed under federal access to information and Casco Bay Lines to replace the lost legislation, show a two-year debate on the revenue from the discontinued Nova problem. In a 2017 “configuration change Scotia service. request” to have stabilizers installed, Coast In late February, Bar Harbor purchased Guard project manager David Wyse cited the ferry terminal for the new route. Bay “an increased hazard of crew injuries and Ferries is confident the service will begin in program failures.” June despite these rolling setbacks. New Ships for Royal Navy n Quebec’s Chantier Davie shipyard, which is Rolling Stock n happier news, the Canadian converting ships into interim medium nother rolling problem concerns Ifederal government signed a contract for the Canadian Coast Guard. ACanada’s new coast guard cutters. It in February for $185 million Canadian, ith three recently purchased Wships being converted to interim medium icebreakers for the Canadian Coast Guard, a potential fourth vessel procurement is being sought from interested parties. The February announcement had a deadline of April 16, 2019, for a vessel that would enter St. Lawrence Seaway service, enabling other fleet-mates to seek maintenance. The conversion work is being done at the Chantier Davie shipyard in Levis, Quebec. CCGS Captain Molly Kool, the first of the three medium icebreakers, was commissioned in December. 

n Write Roddy Sergiades at n A CCGS Hero-class vessel. These ships suffer from excessive rolling. (See “Rolling Stock”) – 15 Brown St., Port Hope, Ontario, L1A 3C8 Roddy Sergiades photo. Canada, or [email protected]

64 • Summer 2019 PowerShips ALASKA AMHS’s Ferry Plans n late January, the Alaska Marine IHighway System announced that it was going to replace the 235-ft fast ferry Fairweather on the Juneau-Haines- Skagway run with its newest vessel, the 280-ft Tazlina. The announcement came after AMHS decided not to have overnight crew accommodation n Completed by the Vigor yard at Ketchikan, Alaska, the new AMHS ferry Tazlina is to retrofitted to the latter ship. This replace the high-speed ferry Fairweather this year while sister ship Hubbard will replace the work would have given the ferry more 1977-built Aurora next year. (See “AMHS’s Ferry Plans”) – Vigor Group photo. operational flexibility, but would have delayed its entry into service until PowerShips No 307). to develop a second pier at Icy Strait December of this year; it would also have Foss has also moved its 5,000-hp Point, just outside Hoonah, Alaska. To be added approximately $30 million to its hybrid tug Campbell Foss to Anchorage, completed in time for next year’s cruise overall cost. However, AMHS still plans where it has become part of the Cook season, the pier will accommodate NCL’s to have forward side doors installed in Inlet Tug & Barge fleet under the name new Breakaway Plus-class ships as well as the ship’s hull at a later date in order to Bering Wind. The Dolphin-class vessel, provide NCL and its associated brands speed up port-handling operations. the world’s first tug converted into a with preferential berthing rights. By replacing the trouble-prone hybrid unit, was renamed and repainted Fairweather with a newer ship, the ferry prior to its redeployment. BRITISH COLUMBIA agency expects to save about $1 million Crane Collapse at Vancouver per year in maintenance costs and another Piloting Tankers into Valdez $500,000 in fuel bills. Tazlina’s sister lso moving a new boat into ship, Hubbard, is expected to be ready Asouthern Alaska is the Southwest for sea trials later this year following Alaska Pilots Association, which has its completion by the Vigor yard at taken delivery of the 75.5-ft by 20.6- Ketchikan, Alaska. It will begin operating ft pilot boat Emerald Island from the by early next year, when it’s scheduled to Gladding-Hearn Shipbuilding yard replace the 1977-built Aurora. at Somerset, Massachusetts. The all- aluminum craft was shipped to Victoria, n The boom of a container crane dropped on Foss Acquires Crowley’s British Columbia, on a deep-sea vessel, the 78,612-dwt container ship Ever Summit Prudhoe Bay Assets then proceeded to Valdez on its own at Vancouver, British Columbia, in late January, oss Maritime’s Alaska-based bottom. The boat is powered by twin damaging a number of containers but causing no Fsubsidiary, Cook Inlet Tug & Barge, Cummins diesels rated at 1,400 hp and injuries. – BlueOcean photo. has acquired all of Crowley Maritime’s driving Hamilton HM651 waterjets to wo British Columbia heavylift assets at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, including give a top speed of 29 knots. Tspecialists, Port Coquitlam- tugs, barges, vehicles and equipment, headquartered Dynamic and Surrey- as Crowley steps away from Alaska New Icy Strait based Amix, were called upon to provide operations. The move follows the Point Cruise Berth lifting equipment when a container crane company’s loss of tanker-escorting and orwegian Cruise Line has entered at the Vanterm facility in Vancouver ship-assist operations at Valdez, Alaska, Ninto a partnership with Alaska harbor, operated by Global Container to Louisiana’s Edison Chouest (see Native-owned Huna Totem Corporation Terminal, fell onto the container ship

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 65 Ever Summit in late January. Dynamic provided a 900-ton floating crane and Amix a 600-ton-capacity unit to lift the damaged crane’s boom from the Evergreen Marine-operated vessel, which had hit the crane while berthing. ATB Tugs for Island Tug and Barge anada’s Island Tug and Barge, a Csubsidiary of Tidewater Canada, has taken delivery of the twin ATB tugs Island Raider and Island Regent, both designed by Vancouver’s Robert Allan Limited. The vessels will be paired with two existing double-hulled oil tank barges using an Articouple FRC 35S pin coupler system. n Kitsap Transit’s new hybrid catamaran Waterman, which features twin BAE Systems HybriDrive The 24-meter by 12.5-meter tugs are propulsion systems driving fixed pitch propellers, is to be followed by two larger conventionally powered powered by twin Cummins KTA38M cats next year. (See “Kitsap Transit Looks at Fast Transit”) – All American Marine photo. 634 KW engines producing 850 hp each and driving two 4-bladed, in-nozzle Rolls Pacific Coast for the first large contract Royce azimuthing thrusters through involved in the construction of a massive CCG Gets New Lifeboats carbon fiber shafts to give a fully loaded new LNG-export facility at Kitimat, he Canadian Coast Guard, which service speed of 10 knots. British Columbia. The $31 billion project, Tis taking delivery of a large series being undertaken by LNG Canada, of Bay-class search and rescue lifeboats Dutch Dredging at Kitimat Royal Dutch Shell, Petronas, PetroChina, from Chantier Naval Forillon of Gaspé, olland’s Royal Boskalis Mitsubishi and Korea Gas Corporation, Quebec, and Hike Metal Products of HWestminster N.V. has deployed a is expected to see a gas terminal placed Wheatley, Ontario, has positioned two of medium-sized trailing suction hopper on line by 2025 that will save more than a the 25-knot vessels to the Pacific Coast. dredge, a cutter suction dredge, a backhoe week’s sailing to Asia when compared to The 62-foot-long Pachena Bay is stationed dredge and a crane barge to Canada’s gas exports off the U.S. Gulf Coast. at Port Hardy, on the northern tip of Vancouver Island, and the McIntyre Bay is at the Port of Prince Rupert. Last year Prince Rupert moved more than a million containers to become Canada’s third-largest container port behind Vancouver and Montreal. WASHINGTON Kitsap Looks at Fast Transit itsap Transit, a public transit Kagency based in Bremerton, Washington, has become increasingly involved in providing passenger ferry services in Puget Sound. Over the past winter, it took delivery of the 70-ft by 26-ft hybrid catamaran Waterman from the All American Marine yard at n The grounding and subsequent removal of the wood chip carrier New Carissa from an Oregon Bellingham, Washington. beach two decades ago remains one of the Pacific Coast’s more controversial salvage projects. (See The 150-passenger aluminum vessel “Twenty Years Since New Carissa,” page 67) – US Coast Guard/NOAA photo. is the first hybrid electric ferry to operate on the Sound and has been based at

66 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Bremerton. It’s the second hybrid electric vessel to be completed by the All American yard and follows the 128-ft by 30-ft monohull tour boat Enhydra, which was delivered to ’s Red and White Fleet last year (see PowerShips No. 309). For its longer routes, Kitsap Transit has contracted Nichols Brothers Boat Builders in Freeland, Washington, to build two 250-passenger high-speed ferries, with an option for a third, to support the transit agency’s plans to further expand its Bremerton-Kingston service and add a new service to Southworth by 2020. The 140-ft by 37-ft aluminum catamarans will be built to USCG Subchapter K regulations and will be powered by twin MTU 4,435-hp diesels turning Kamewa waterjets through ZF 9050 gears to give a fully loaded speed of 35 knots. OREGON Twenty Years Since New Carissa t has been 20 years since the wood Ichip carrier New Carissa grounded on n The diesel-powered Polish sailing ship Dar Mlodziezy visited the ports of San Francisco and the Oregon coast near the Port of Coos Los Angeles this past winter as part of a world cruise celebrating Poland’s 100 years of national Bay to become one of the Pacific coast’s independence. – Gdynia Maritime University photo. more involved and controversial salvage and disposal projects. Response teams up paying over $22 million to the State of opportunities for Job Corps cadets at the first set fire to the ship’s fuel tanks, which Oregon, more than $3 million of which nearby Tongue Point Job Corps Center cracked the vessel in half, after which was used to pay the state’s legal fees. (see PowerShips No. 309). the bow section was re-floated, lost, re- found, re-floated and eventually towed Can Salvage Chief Be Saved? CALIFORNIA 280 miles off the coast, where it was sunk he nonprofit Salvage Chief Poland’s Dar Mlodziezy by a $1.2 million Mark 48 torpedo fired TFoundation hopes to secure $1.9 Visits Coast by U.S. Navy submarine USS Bremerton. million in Oregon state funding to he Polish sailing ship Dar That was after 400 pounds of scuttling cover costs involved in restoring the TMlodziezy visited the ports of explosives and 69 rounds of 5-inch shells former salvage vessel Salvage Chief to San Francisco and Los Angeles this fired by the destroyer USS David R. Ray operating condition. The war-built past winter as part of a world cruise failed to do the job. vessel was involved in the New Carissa celebrating Poland’s 100 years of national The stern section, which became project, but has been laid up at Tongue independence. The three-masted ship, embedded in the sand by wave action, Point, Oregon, since being retired and based at the Gdynia Maritime University proved much more difficult to eradicate purchased by Salvage Chief LLC of in Gdynia, Poland, was commissioned and took nearly a decade to remove, Astoria, Oregon, in 2015. in 1982 as the prototype of a class of the demolition being accomplished by A bill introduced by State Senator six similar ships built by the Gdansk Titan Maritime using two jackup barges Brian Boquist would appropriate the shipyard, the others being Mir, Druzhba, straddling the wreck. No charges were funds needed to cover hull repairs, Pallada, Khersones and Nadezhda. Although ever filed against any members of the engine and fire pump upgrades, and new a full-rigged ship, Dar Mlodziezy makes New Carissa’s crew, but ship-owner Green communications equipment. Once the use of two Cegielski-Sulzer diesel engines Atlas Shipping and its insurer, Britannia vessel is fully restored, the foundation driving twin screws to give a speed of 12 Steam Ship Insurance Association, ended wants to use it to provide training knots when wind is not available.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 67 Operation Deep Freeze 2019 n an annual supply effort, the I17,590-dwt cargo ship Ocean Giant loaded nearly 500 containers at Port Hueneme, California, in December for transport to McMurdo Station in Antarctica as part of Operation Deep Freeze 2019. The 2012-built ship, operating under charter to the Military Sealift Command, lifted nearly 7 million pounds of cargo, which represents about 80 percent of the supplies needed at McMurdo annually. On its return to the United States, the 560-ft vessel, originally n A new overall container record set at the Port of Los Angeles for 2018 was helped by the record the German-owned Beluga Possession, handling of 27,846 TEUs on and off Maersk Line’s 156,257-dwt Eleonora Maersk toward brought back ice core samples stored in sub- the end of the year. – Port of Los Angeles photo. zero freezer containers, as well as trash and recyclable materials for disposal. Sealift for operation between Honolulu harbor before the next hurricane season and three ports in the Marshall Islands. because of fears that it may either sink at its Records Broken Matson has also purchased the 2013-built berth or break its moorings, or both. at Los Angeles barge Columbia from Sause Bros. of Coos aersk Line’s 156,257-dwt Bay, Oregon, and renamed the 340-ft by MEXICO MEleonora Maersk set a new North 105-ft vessel Mauna Loa to replace an older Baja Ferries Buys and Sells American record for a single cargo vessel 1984-built barge of the same name. exico’s Baja Ferries has this past year when it offloaded and At the same time, the Honolulu Mexpanded its overall fleet capacity loaded a total of 27,846 TEUs at the company has sold its 2006-built container in the Gulf of California by acquiring APM Terminal within the Port of Los ship Maunalei to an unidentified party for the 2004-built Stena Carrier, a 12,350- Angeles. The handling record came as $106 million and is leasing the 34,026-dwt dwt ro-ro that has been renamed Mexico container throughput at the southern ship back under an operating agreement Star, for operation between the Mexican California gateway rose to a record 9.45 for five years, with an option to extend for ports of La Paz and Topolobampo. The million TEUs, solidifying Los Angeles’ an additional two years. The net proceeds ship measures 180 meters by 25 meters ranking as the Western Hemisphere’s top from the sale are being used to reduce and has extensive deck capacity for both port for containerized cargo. borrowings under the carrier’s revolving commercial trucks and private vehicles, credit facility as it pays for its newer ships. as well as accommodation forward for No longer part of the Matson fleet 200 passengers. Disney to Return to Hawaii is the 28,212-grt Matson Navigator, built The vessel replaces the 2001-built isney Cruise Line plans to return as far back as 1972 for PFEL as Austral California Star ex-Stena Forwarder, which Dto Hawaii next year after a five-year Envoy, which has been sold for scrap. has been sold to Europe’s Adria Ferries hiatus, with the 1999-built, 2,400-passenger for operation between Ancona, Italy, and expected to sail to Honolulu Historic Falls of Clyde Durres, Albania. in early 2020 on a nine-night passage from Up for Disposal In addition to Mexico Star, Baja Ferries Vancouver, Canada. The ship will depart fforts to have the 140-year-old operates the 700-passenger Baja Star, Vancouver in late April and return to Esailing ship Falls of Clyde transported built in 1992 as Japan’s Pacific Express; the Canadian port on a 10-night sailing by a heavy lift vessel from Honolulu to the 7,928-grt Balandra Star, completed in departing Honolulu in early May. Scotland over the past year have not 1991 as Searoad Mersey; and the 5,593-grt succeeded, and an auction of the ship Mini Star, built in 1988 as Wilson Star for Matson Buys and Sells also failed in late February, leaving state Sweden’s Westco.  onolulu-based Matson, which is officials no alternative but to either sell the taking delivery of new container ship by negotiation, donate it to another H n Write James L. Shaw at ships and ConRo vessels from domestic governmental agency or have it scuttled or [email protected] or 11466 SE yards, has acquired the 700-TEU-capacity scrapped. In any case, they want to have Hidalgo Ct., Clackamas, OR 97105 feeder ship Kamokuiki from New York-based the 1878-built hulk removed from Honolulu

68 • Summer 2019 PowerShips had acquired two deep-sea tankers for winter. The 366-ft tanker was built in its new tanker operations. Topaz T a) MT Ulsan, South Korea, in 2012 and carries Topaz-T b) Topaz-T c) Topaz I XO d) Topaz T the flag. The powered was built in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2009 and tanker will be complementing the currently carries a Panamanian flag, while asphalt-carrying tug and barge Leo A. the similar Turquoise T a) Turquoise-T was McArthur and John J. Carrick. built in the same location but a year earlier. The Canadian Coast Guard expanded The vessels spent the winter undergoing its St. Lawrence River icebreaking fleet Ship Burns at Toledo refit at Shanghai and both are scheduled to with the acquisition of the enormous hile laid up for the winter sail for the Great Lakes in 2019. icebreaking and anchor-handling Wat Toledo, Ohio, American Due to the limitations of operating tugs Balder Viking, Vidar Viking and Tor Steamship Company’s self-unloader asphalt barges in winter conditions, the Viking a) Tor Viking b) Tor Viking II. After St. Clair caught fire on February 16 2012-built asphalt/bitumen tanker Iver undergoing a refit at Davie Shipbuilding, and experienced extensive damage to Bright was chartered to carry asphalt Vidar Viking was commissioned by the its accommodations, engine room and from Sarnia, Ontario, to River Canadian Coast Guard on December unloading system. No one was aboard and ports throughout the 18, 2018, as CCGS Captain Molly Kool. the vessel at the time of the fire, which burned for nearly 24 hours before being extinguished. Local fire departments were called to battle the blaze, and a helicopter from Coast Guard Air Station Detroit conducted an aerial assessment of pollution in the Maumee River the following day. The vessel arrived at its Toledo lay-up dock on January 14. The vessel was launched at Bay Shipbuilding in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, in July 1975 and entered service in May 1976. It’s not known if the 43-year-old vessel will be repaired. New Vessels here was quite a bit of new vessel Tactivity throughout the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River during n American Steamship’s St. Clair burning while laid up at Toledo, Ohio, February 21, 2019. (See this news cycle: “Ship Burns at Toledo”) – Master Chief Petty Officer Alan Haraf, U.S. Coast Guard District 9, photo. Due to increased production of petroleum products in the Great Lakes region, there’s increased demand for tanker tonnage. The new tanker Paul A. Desgagnés was delivered to the region in late December. This asphalt/bitumen/ chemical tanker is the third of four tankers built in Yalova, Turkey, for Groupe Desgagnés’ subsidiary Petro-Nav. The new vessel measures 442 feet long and can be powered by heavy fuel oil, marine diesel oil or liquefied natural gas. The fourth sister, Rossi A. Desgagnés, is scheduled to join the fleet later in 2019. n St. Clair in better times. The vessel is shown on the St. Clair River in August 2017. – Mark Hamilton, Ontario-based McKeil Shumaker photo. Marine announced in December that it

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 69 Tor Viking and Balder Viking are scheduled 2018, when Canada Steamship Lines’ The St. Lawrence Seaway for refit in 2019 before entering service, Cedarglen a) Ems Ore b) Montcliffe Hall c) Management Corporation announced and each is projected to have a service Cartierdoc cleared lock 8 and headed for that vessels moved 40.9 million tons of life of 15 to 25 years. All three were built Detroit. Algoma Central’s Algoma Buffalo cargo through the St. Lawrence Seaway at Havyard Leirvik A.S. in Leirvik, a) Buffalo was the last downbound vessel in 2018, the largest amount since 2007. , and each entered service to transit the canal on December 30 Through the Seaway, vessels carried 12.1 in either 2000 or 2001. The vessels while on a voyage to Hamilton. million tons of grain, 10.7 million tons of have colorful histories of icebreaking The St. Lawrence Seaway concluded dry bulk cargoes and 4.5 million tons of throughout the world. Readers might be its 60th season on December 30 with liquid bulk cargoes. interested to know that CCGS Captain the downbound passage of the deep-sea In addition, the Great Lakes region Molly Kool was named after Captain visitor Floragracht in a tandem lockage saw several passenger vessels operate Myrtle (Molly) Kool, a Canadian citizen with the tugs La Prairie and Océan K. west of Montreal during 2018. Victory I who became North America’s first female Rusby. Cedarglen was the last upbound a) Cape May Light b) Saint Laurent, Victory licensed ship captain. vessel on December 29. II a) Light b) Costal Queen 2 Sturgeon Bay’s Fincantieri Bay c) Clipper Discoverer d) Coastal Queen 2, Shipbuilding Company completed Recap of Great Lakes/St. Hamburg a) C. Columbus, Pearl Mist and Kirby Corporation’s new articulated Lawrence Seaway Season Grande Mariner all wandered around the tug and barge unit in mid-December he Lake Carriers’ Association Great Lakes this year. and delivered it off-lakes mere weeks Treported that the lakes iron ore before the Seaway closed. The tug trade finished with a season total of Winter Operations was completed by Fincantieri Bay 55.6 million tons shipped, a slight everal vessels operated deep into Shipbuilding in 2018 for Plains Towing decrease from the previous year. Vessels Swinter, with many struggling Company and originally carried the carried 28.4 million tons of limestone through difficult ice conditions. The name Miss Houston, but the vessel throughout the Great Lakes in 2018, most newsworthy event was that the tug was acquired by Kirby Corporation which represented a marginal increase and barge unit Anglian Lady and PML shortly afterward and renamed Ronnie from the previous year. Shipments of Ironmaster became icebound in the St. Murph. The oil tank barge Kirby 155- coal on the Great Lakes totaled 11.8 Marys River during the closing days 03 was completed by Fincantieri Bay million tons, a decrease from 24.6 of January. A team of Coast Guard Shipbuilding in December and is 521 feet million tons in the past five years. The icebreakers and Purvis Marine’s tug long with a capacity of 155,000 barrels. long-term trend of emphasizing cleaner Avenger IV a) Avenger struggled for several The ATB cleared the Seaway December power plants continued to be the major days to release the pair and assist them 18 and sailed for Texas. factor in the decline in coal shipments to Sault Ste. Marie for winter lay-up. throughout the region. Canada’s large Des Groseillers and Pierre 2018 Season Comes to an End n incredible cold spell in mid- AJanuary created ice problems throughout the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway for vessels operating late into the winter. The Soo locks closed January 15 with the upbound passage of the Manitoulin a) Trelsi b) Euro Swan c) Lalandia Swan bound for lay-up at the Algoma Steel plant at Sault Ste. Marie. Purvis Marine’s barge PML Ironmaster a) G. T. Steelmaster b) Ceres c) American Gulf VII d) Seaspan e) G. T. Ironmaster represented the last downbound passage the same day, pushed by Anglian Lady a) Hamtun b) Nathalie Letzer. Commercial traffic along the n Iver Bright at Port Huron in January 2019. (See “Winter Operations”) – Fred Miller photo. Welland Canal ceased on December 31,

70 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Radison assisted commercial vessels in the lower St. Lawrence throughout the winter. Algoma Central kept several self- unloaders and tankers in operation well into March. Algoma Innovator, Algoma Sault, Algoscotia, Algosea a) Aggersborg, and Algonova a) Eregli carried salt and gasoline products, while the tug and barge unit Leo A. McArthur and John J. Carrick, and deep-sea asphalt tanker Iver Bright, transported asphalt throughout the winter.

James L. Kuber n Bramble laid up at Port Huron, Michigan, in 2018. (See “Bramble Sold Off-Lakes”) – Renamed Maumee Mark Shumaker photo. ower Lakes self-unloading barge LJames L. Kuber a) Reserve was renamed tug has been operated by Eastern concern over a level of deterioration in Maumee on January 18 while on layup at Canada Towing, Svitzer Canada and Le the hull, fuel tanks, onboard systems Erie, Pennsylvania. The barge began life Groupe Océan before being acquired by and structural elements that presented in 1953 as the powered steamer Reserve. Group Océan. The tug was registered serious threats to personal safety and This is the second Lower Lakes vessel to in Quebec City on August 17 and is the environment. Davie called for the carry the name Maumee, and the barge is stationed at Sorel, Quebec. vessel to be scrapped instead of receiving currently paired with the tug Victory. MacDonald Marine’s 45-ft tug Ian any more upgrades. The $10-million Mac, built in 1955 at Goderich, Ontario, contract was eventually awarded to Tugs in the News was sold to a company in Alberta, Newfoundland Dockyard, which is hile assisting Nord Montreal in Canada, during this news cycle. After expected to extend the life of the vessel Wheavy ice at Port Alfred, Quebec, the wheelhouse was removed, the vessel for an additional five years. The vessel on January 26, 2019, Rio Tinto Alcan’s was loaded aboard a flatbed truck and was scheduled to enter drydock during tug Fjord Saguenay a) Stevns Iceflower b) transported westward. the first quarter of 2019. Svitzer Njord c) Stevns Iceflower suffered a failure of its port Z-drive unit. Océan Bramble Sold Off-Lakes Ferry Undergoes Repairs Bravo a) Takis V. b) Donald P. c) Nimue obert Klingler sold his retired ociété des Traversiers du Québec’s d) Donald P filled in for Fjord Saguenay RCoast Guard seagoing buoy tender S2015-built ferry F. A. Gauthier was while it underwent repairs, which were Bramble to a corporate executive in taken out of service in mid-December completed on February 3. A small Roanoke, Virginia, during the winter due to vibrations of the azimuth amount of oil was released into the and it’s expected to be delivered off-lakes thrusters. The vessel was drydocked at Saguenay River during the breakdown. in early 2019. USCGC Bramble (WLB- Lévis, Quebec, on January 16, where McKeil Marine acquired the small 392) was commissioned April 22, 1943, both propellers were removed and tug Kaliutik during 2018 and renamed and was decommissioned May 22, 2003. disassembled in search of the cause of the harbor and near coastal tug Dover The vessel saw service in the Pacific, the problem. CTMA Vacancier a) Aurella Spirit. The vessel was built by Dovercraft Caribbean, Atlantic and Great Lakes, b) Saint Patrick II c) Egnatio II d) Ville de Marine in Nanticoke, Ontario, in 1998 and is noted for traversing the Northwest Sete e) City of Cork, which regularly links for operation in Newfoundland. The Passage in 1957. Montreal, Quebec, and the Côte-Nord vessel was most recently chartered by region of Quebec, filled in. F. A. Gauthier McKeil Marine before being purchased CCGC Hudson Will operates between Matane, Baie-Comeau Receive Upgrade by that organization. and Godbout.  Group Océan has acquired the avie Shipyard CEO Jared harbor tug Pointe Comeau and renamed Newcombe declined to bid on D n Write Mark Shumaker at the vessel Océan Comeau. The veteran overhauling the 56-year-old CCGC 2767 Lymington Road, Columbus, OH tractor tug was built in 1976 for Cargill Hudson, claiming that the vessel is beyond 43220 or e-mail [email protected] Grain Company. In recent years, the repair. Newcombe’s letter expressed

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 71 Dominican Republic, or to Costa Maya, MSC Armonia Mexico. All itineraries will feature a day Homeports in Miami at Virgin’s new private resort at Bimini, SC Armonia a) European Vision Bahamas. Marrived at PortMiami in Scarlet Lady is the first of three December to begin year-round seven- planned sister ships. She’ll measure night cruises from that port. Sailing 110,000 gross tons and will have a length every Monday, Armonia offers Western of 909 feet. These cruises will be aimed Caribbean itineraries that include a two- at the young Millennials market, and no Record Day for PortMiami day weekend stay at , Cuba. children under 18 years of age will be unday, December 9, 2018, saw The 65,000-ton ship accommodates allowed. Sover 52,000 cruise passengers pass nearly 1,600 passengers (based on two through PortMiami; this set a one- per cabin.) This actually places her Artania Makes day record for passenger traffic there. among the smaller cruise ships sailing Rare Visit to Miami Nine vessels were in port on that date: from Miami! erman cruise operator Phoenix Carnival Cruise Line’s GReisen sent its ship Artania a) Royal and ; Disney Cruise Line’s Virgin Voyages Princess b) Artemis on a winter cruise ; FRS Caribbean’s San from Miami around Florida and the Caribbean in Gwann; MSC Cruises’ MSC Divina; NCL’s irgin Voyages has announced that January. As part of the itinerary, she ; Oceania Cruises’ Vits new 2,770-passenger Scarlet Lady, made full-day stops at , Oceania Riviera; and Royal Caribbean’s debuting from PortMiami in early 2020, PortMiami and Key West. As the brand- Empress of the Seas and Allure of the Seas. will operate four- and five-night cruises new back in 1984, she had Last year, PortMiami handled to the Caribbean. made a stop at Miami on her delivery more than 5.6 million passengers and Some itineraries will focus on Cuba, voyage from Europe to California. It was continues to call itself the Cruise Capital with an overnight stay in Havana. Other good to see a familiar ship from the past, of the World. itineraries will be to Puerto Plata, the largely unchanged after 35 years!

n Nine cruise ships at PortMiami on December 9, 2018, brought a record number of passengers to the port. (See “Record Day for PortMiami”) – PortMiami photo.

72 • Summer 2019 PowerShips vessel they may be willing to give up. Crowley Launches Second LNG Ship acksonville-based Crowley JMaritime placed a second liquified natural gas-powered ship into service between Jacksonville and San Juan, Puerto Rico, in January. The Taino, a combination container ship and vehicle transport vessel, is an identical sister ship to El Coqui, which began operations from Jacksonville in October of 2018. Taino is actually the fourth LNG- fueled ship out of Jacksonville. The company TOTE Maritime already has n Phoenix-Reisen’s Artania seen during a rare visit to PortMiami, January 9, 2019. (See two LNG ships based there. “Artania Makes Rare Visit to Miami,” page 72) – PortMiami Webcam photo. Tampa Reaches This comes as a great disappointment 1 Million Mark Nieuw Statendam Named at to the non-profit Jacksonville Historical ne million passengers at Port Port Everglades Naval Ship Association. The Adams, last OTampa Bay was a record number in olland America Line’s Nieuw surviving ship of its class of 23 guided 2018, and all signs point to more in 2019. HStatendam was officially named by missile destroyers, had been homeported Two year-round Carnival Cruise Line sponsor Oprah Winfrey in a ceremony at nearby Naval Station Mayport for ships, and Carnival at Port Everglades on February 2, even most of its career. Miracle, plus seasonal deployments from though the ship had been delivered by her Despite the setback, the Jacksonville Holland America, Norwegian and Royal builders, Fincantieri, in November 2018, Historical Naval Ship Association plans Caribbean, make up the bulk of the and had been operating revenue cruises to regroup and look for another vessel. port’s cruise business. for nearly two months. It seems to be a If the U.S. Navy isn’t willing to release Tampa will soon invest over $10 common trend to officially name a ship another decommissioned vessel, the million in its trio of cruise terminals, after it has been in service for a while. society may contact ship museums that adding new digital signage, escalators The 99,500-ton Nieuw Statendam is a are struggling and offer to acquire a and other miscellaneous upgrades. near-identical sister to the previously delivered Koningsdam. She accommodates 2,600 passengers, based on double occupancy. After completing her inaugural season of winter cruises from Ft. Lauderdale to the Caribbean, she repositioned to Europe for cruising in both the Baltic and the Mediterranean. Plans Scuttled for Museum Ship in Jacksonville fter a decade of effort, plans to Abring the guided missile destroyer USS Charles Adams to Jacksonville as a museum ship have been sunk. The U.S. Navy has reversed course and will instead scrap the decommissioned vessel n The guided missile destroyer USS Charles F. Adams will not become a museum ship at rather than letting it leave Philadelphia Jacksonville after all. (See “Plans Scuttled for Museum Ship in Jacksonville“) – U.S. Navy photo. to go to Florida.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 73 Passenger Ship Calls lbatross, Arcadia, Amadea, Azamara AQuest, Black Watch, , , Celebrity Solstice, Columbus, Crystal Serenity, Explorer of the Seas, Le Laperouse, , Noordam, Norwegian Jewell, Ovation of the Seas, Pacific n at Galveston. (See “Galveston Planning for Growth”) – Port of Galveston photo. Aria, Pacific Eden, , Queen Elizabeth, Queen Victoria, Radiance of the Seas, Regatta, Seabourn Encore, Seven Seas Vision of the Seas Begins Galveston Planning Mariner, , , New Orleans Program for Growth , Sun Princess, True North and oyal Caribbean International he Port of Galveston and Royal Viking Orion. Rreturned to the Port of New Orleans TCaribbean Cruises have signed as the Vision of the Seas homeported at an agreement to build a third cruise Australian Cruise Market the Julia Street Cruise Terminal in terminal at the port. ore cruise ships are calling December for the winter season. Royal Caribbean presently operates Mor being placed in service out The 2,514-passenger ship sailed seven- two ships from Terminal 2, but the of Australia than ever before. Many night Caribbean itineraries from the new terminal will be designed to Americans fly down under to cruise from Crescent City through March. accommodate the huge Oasis-class ships. Australia and New because Terminal 3 is expected to be ready our dollar is equal to only 70 cents in New Orleans Sets Cruise in 2021; this will free up Terminal 2 American money, a bonus for tourists. Passenger Record for other ships. Disney Cruise Line The Antipodes is seen as user-friendly he Port of New Orleans set a has already signed a 10-year contract because the region is stable, the natives Tnew record in 2018 with 1,182,111 to double its seasonal sailings from speak English, sort of, and there’s a close passenger movements, up from the Galveston. Carnival also sails from the relationship between Australia, New previous year. There were 235 cruise port, with three ships year-round. Zealand, and the United States. ship calls during the year, and the future The Port of Galveston is a big drive- The area down south has become the promises even higher numbers. to cruise port, with some 20 million third largest cruise market in the world. Disney Cruise Line has announced people living within a day’s drive. Port Cunard’s placement of Queen Elizabeth that its Disney Wonder will sail from the officials said that 70 percent of their here for the first quarter of 2019 was a port in early 2020. Carnival Cruise Line passengers drive to the port, and parking first. is increasing capacity at New Orleans facilities are being doubled to handle this year when it replaces Carnival Triumph even more expected traffic. Passenger Ship News with the larger . The egal Princess will join Majestic 2,980-passenger also began Thanks to Frank Manwell for his RPrincess cruising out of Australia sailings from Port NOLA in May. continuing contributions and support of in the 2020/21 Southern Hemisphere The winter season of 2018/19 also saw this column!  season. Carnival Spirit, which has been the 4,000-passenger cruising the South West Pacific since based at New Orleans, with Norwegian 2012, will undertake an Alaskan cruise n Write Rich Turnwald at Getaway due to arrive in November 2019. season in 2020 before returning to 7635 SW 99th Court, Miami, FL 33173 Royal Caribbean’s Vision of the Seas was also Brisbane’s new Luggage Point cruise or [email protected] deployed there during this past winter. terminal later that year.

74 • Summer 2019 PowerShips In February, China stopped imports of coal, affecting some 20 percent of Australia’s coal exports. Navy nother former warship, now Aknown as Darwin, arrived at Fremantle, Western Australia, under tow to be broken up at BAE Henderson. Australia and New Zealand continue to form part of the pirate patrol and intercept illegal drug hauls. New Zealand News eing a three-island nation, Bshipping continues to be the primary mover of freight in New Zealand. At n ACT 1 is the first ship of the Associated Container consortium to compete against OCL. this time, autumn in the Southern – Bill Barber photo. Hemisphere, some of the larger Cook Strait ferries sail to Australia for docking Pacific Jewell has now completed its and scheduled refits. service with P&O Australia and will be Trade/Port News completing a six-week refurbishment for ustralia is being serviced by larger South West Pacific News her new role. Renamed Karnika, she’ll sail Acontainer ships, which have been he South Pacific island nation of out of Mumbai under Zen’s Janesh Cruises displaced by even larger container ships TFiji has a number of wrecks, sunken and is expected to be locally based. on the European and Asian services. This ships and other vessels unfit for use at its Pacific Eden has also completed her includes the 91,051-gt, 2010-built Cosco capital, Suva. Southern Phoenix capsized service with P&O Australia and will take Korea, making its first Australian call. and closed the Port of Suva’s main wharf over the role of Astor, spending six months In a reverse, MISC Berhad has in November 2017. Because of problems in Europe and the balance of the year in returned to its older tonnage for its like this, it’s been decided to remove Australia. Australian service. all ships in this category as quickly New, small, local cruise ships, such as Coral Adventure for Coral Cruises, are cruising primarily out of North West Australia and the Northern Territory regions. Two other ships, Scenic Eclipse for Scenic Cruises and Greg Mortimer for Aurora Cruises, are expected to visit Australian shores. The historic ship Doulos, which has been frequently mentioned in this column over the years, is now high and dry not far from Batam, Indonesia. No longer a seagoing ship, she’s been fitted out as a floating museum. She’s been hauled ashore as part of a hotel function center. She achieved her 104th birthday in February. Silverseas’ latest cruise ship, Silver Muse, undertook a number of cruises in Australian waters, traveling to large and n Encounter Bay was the first container ship from Overseas Container Line to inaugurate the small Australasian ports. This included an United Kingdom/Australia service. (See “Trade/Port News”) – Bill Barber photo. overnight stay in the Port of Melbourne.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 75 as possible. Work commenced in late 2018 and was expected to be completed February 2019. Livestock Trade iscussions continue about Dthe shipment of livestock from Australian waters primarily to the Middle East. One carrier, Jawan, developed a stability problem on November 28, 2018, which caused the evacuation of 4,327 heifers (sheep) back to the wharf, where they were taken to a local feed lot. The ship sailed empty for an unknown port. Ferries ore ferries were supposed to be n The Engage Marine/Smit Lamnalco joint venture is taking business off Svitzer. Shown is the tug Mordered by the New South Wales Indee. (See “Tug Talk”) – Bill Barber photo. government for service on the upper Parramatta River in Sydney. It appears Port Kembla. Larger tugs are required at at South Australia’s Glenelg in 1980. that this has not taken place, and the these ports, and this will release tugs to It was originally used as a restaurant, aging River Cats will continue in service. other ports to replace older tonnage. but fell into disrepair after it closed. It A new commuter ferry has started As of February 1, Engage Marine was examined last year and has been operation across the Swan River from and Smit Lamnalco entered into a declared beyond economical repair. Perth to Sydney. It’s been so successful that consortium in Australia. This must cause By the time this edition is being read, a further two ferries have been ordered. some angst to Svitzer Australia. it appears that both vessels will have been dismantled. Tug Talk Antarctic News he Port of Gladstone has called here’s been much activity Australian Government Tfor tugboat tenders within the port. Tregarding staff changes and ustralia has decided to provide The present company, Smit Lamnalco, replenishment for the forthcoming Ahumanitarian and naval assistance retained the contract for harbor towage. winter in the Southern Hemisphere. The in the South West Pacific and eastern The new arrangement commenced only heavy-duty ice breaker, Polar Star, Indian Ocean. Accordingly, the nation January 1, 2019, for five years with an now 42 years old, left Honolulu for its is to supply 21 new patrol/police vessels option for another three years. The yearly duties in the Antarctic regions. to a number of nations in our region. company was successful in obtaining the The vessel services the McMurdo base, This is in addition to the construction of last contract, which Svitzer Australia breaking ice to allow tankers and other a naval base in the South West Pacific in lost to them. provision ships to reach their destinations association with the United States. Svitzer has come under on the continent. The first two new patrol boats recently from Engage Marine, which have been launched. The Ted Niro is has chartered tugs to operate against Sad Days for Historic Ships undergoing final trials and will be gifted them in the Port of Sydney and Port of he 155-year old City of Adelaide, to Papua, New Guinea. The Te Mataili 11 Geelong. The company has also placed a Twhich was brought by barge is also under trials and will be gifted to tug at Port Latta for mineral ships calling to Adelaide in South Australia for the island nation of Tuvalu.  there. This contract was won against restoration, may be destroyed. The the Tasmanian government’s TasPorts, ship needs to be moved in its partially n Write William G.T. Barber which services Hobart in the south and restored state to another site within Port Unit 27 – Ingenia Gardens, the northern ports of Bell Bay, Devonport Adelaide. At this time, it’s under a cloud 148 Townsend Road, and Burnie along the north coast. and may have to be dismantled. Geelong Victoria 3219 Australiia Svitzer has ordered two large tugs The replica of the historic ship Buffalo Email – [email protected] to be placed one each at Newcastle and was constructed as an onshore exhibition

76 • Summer 2019 PowerShips The Disappearing Past sn’t it strange how an object Ithat was part of everyday life in your community can disappear without you even realizing it’s gone? During the first half of 2019, the Louisville, Kentucky, n Medi Valencia, a 2008-built, 31,238-ton, bulk carrier flying the flag of Italy and owned by Filson Club featured a display on Ohio d’Amico, is seen bound down the LMR near Fort Jackson. – Charles H. Bogart photo. River shantyboats, a facet of life that has disappeared. Disappeared? from adopting and enforcing vessel Wait a minute. Shantyboats were part of discharge regulations that are stricter than Changes and Milestones my life growing up in Newport, Kentucky, those promulgated by the EPA. The act also avage Inland Marine has which is located on the Ohio River, and mandates that vessels under the length of 79 Spurchased Progressive Barge Line. again later while living alongside the feet don’t have to have a National Pollutant This acquisition includes seven towboats Kentucky River in Frankfort. During Discharge Elimination System Permit. and 12 tank barges. Kirby Corporation her teaching career, my wife taught a few The U.S. Coast Guard has announced announced that it’s purchasing Cenac children who lived on shantyboats that a change in towboat crew testing for illegal Marine Service and its fleet of 34 were tied up to the bank of the Kentucky drugs. Instead of 25 percent of the crew towboats and 63 tank barges, each with a River or Benson Creek. How could the being tested every year, the rate is now capacity of 30,000 barrels. shantyboat fleet disappear from the Ohio 50 percent. During 2017, a little over one Yager Marine Industries of River and its tributaries without me percent of crew members tested were found Owensboro, Kentucky, has added a realizing this was happening? to have recently taken a prohibited drug. second drydock to its Ohio River repair It was only when the Filson Club The reason for the expanded drug testing is facility. Joining the company’s 60-ft by announced that it was going to cover the an increase in the number of crew members 60-ft drydock is the new 120-ft by 75-ft history of the rise and fall of Ohio River testing positive for synthetic opioids. drydock. The new drydock will allow shantyboats in its museum that I realized Regulation 46 U.S.C. 2101 states that Yager to service 6,000-hp towboats. the Frankfort, Kentucky, shantyboat fleet the master of “a commercial vessel engaged A 220-ft by 70-ft drydock is currently no longer existed. Where once a score or in or intending to engage in the service of for sale by Tubal-Cain Marine for $1.75 more had been tied up along the riverbank, pulling, pushing or handling alongside, or million. now there are none floating in the river. any combination of pulling, pushing or At the end of 2018, Blessey Marine, hauling alongside,” that’s 26 feet in length, which operates 85 towboats, owns over Rules and Regulations “is required to hold a towing license.” While 160 barges and has more than 700 he improbable has happened. this statement seems simple, the U.S. court employees, celebrated its 40th birthday. TOn December 4, 2018, Delta Queen system is expanding this definition beyond Blessey Marine is headed by its founder was granted Congressional exception to surface-towed objects to include “towed” and CEO, Walter Blessey Jr. the 1966 Safety of Life at Sea Act and underwater objects. Also of note is the fact that two may now return to overnight passenger- sternwheel towboats operated by Amherst carrying service. Plans are underway Navigation Season Madison on the Kanawha River are 91 to move her upriver from New Orleans he Corps, because of heavy and 90 years old this year. The 850-hp to her new homeport of Kimmswick, Tsnowfall and exceptional rains in Lady Louis was built in 1928 and the 165- Missouri. Delta Queen is projected to start the high plains, expects that 2019 will see hp Laura J. in 1929. cruising on the in 2020. a full season of commercial navigation Due to page constraints, I cannot list The end of 2018 also saw Congress pass on the Missouri River. The Corps was every towboat that changes its name, is the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act. This projecting April 1 as the start of the 2019 sold or enters service. However, 2018 saw law prohibits state and local governments Missouri River navigation season. at least 190 towboats being sold, 69 being

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 77 renamed, 8 scrapped, and 11 losing their Coast Guard certificate. December 2018 saw the Covington, Kentucky, laid-up restaurant sternwheel towboat Mike Fink being sold to Bellaire Harbor Service. Closed since 2008, Mike Fink will be moved to Bellaire, Ohio, where it will be converted into a shop/ office barge. The paddlewheel will be removed and donated to the Ohio Valley River Museum at Clarington, Ohio. Mike Fink was built in 1936 for Campbell Transportation Company as John W. Hubbard. The vessel is 172 feet long with a beam of 35 feet. Bellaire provides harbor and fleeting service for the barge industry n The 1,140-hp Omaha, owned by Turn Service, is seen above New Orleans engaged in at Mile 94.5 on the Ohio River. The moving a barge-mounted derrick to another work site. – Charles H. Bogart photo. company has two 1,000-ton drydocks. Waterfront Service of , Illinois, towboat Bailey to Kirby Inland Marine. of effort, the barges were all recovered. has taken delivery from Master Marine of Basin Fleeting, which operates on the On December 18, the 3,800-hp Bayou la Batre, Alabama, of the 803-hp Atchafalaya River, has added the 1,200-hp Mary Lucy Lane, owned by Canal Barge towboat Rick Pemberton. John G. Morgan to its fleet after purchasing Company, allided with the Corps harbor Hamm’s Marine Service of , Illinois, her from Morgan’s Boat Rentals. boat Gibson while entering Markland has purchased from KHC Marine of Percy, Frontier Marine has purchased the L&D, causing significant damage to Illinois, the 800-hp towboat Totem Kole. 1,950-hp Normania from Falls River Towing. Gibson’s superstructure. Riverview Boat Store of Bellevue, On January 9, the 1,800-hp Zeus, owned Iowa, has purchased the 1,000-hp towboat Casualties by Kirby Inland Marine, allided with the Saratoga from Badger Fleet of Westwego, n December 19, the 4,610-hp Peoria-Perkins Union Bridge while passing Louisiana, and renamed her Capt. Bowe. OJack James, operated by underneath it on the Illinois River. The top TowLine River Service has completed Valley Towing, struck a lock wall with of Zeus’s pilot house was sheared off. an inhouse overhaul of the 1,500- her tow while pushing 14 coal barges On January 8, the 1,000-hp Tom Bussler, hp Paul McGinness. She’ll be used in through the upper chamber of Markland owned by McGinnis Inc., capsized fleeting service on the Allegheny and L&D at Mile 531.5 in Louisville, and sank in the below Monongahela Rivers. Kentucky. The tow broke up and nine Kentucky L&D. Tom Bussler’s two-man Main Iron Works of Houma, barges became lodged against the dam, crew was saved by the 1,000-hp George Louisiana, has delivered the 2,860-hp four of which later sank. After four weeks Leavell, owned by Wepfer Marine. On January 21, the 2,680-hp Brenda L. Murray II, owned by Murray American Transportation, lost her tow of 12 loaded coal barges on the Monongahela River after her tow allided with the McKees Rocks Bridge. No damage was done to the bridge and all of the barges were recovered. On February 8, the 1,200-hp Ed Mclaughlin, owned by McGinnis Marine, sank in the Ohio River at Cheshire, Ohio, after taking on water for unknown reasons. The three-man crew escaped with minor injuries. n Creole Queen’s paddlewheel is seen passing the 1,260-hp towboat Jennifer, which is On February 13, the 2,400-hp Miss Dixie, engaged in pushing an empty tank barge up the LMR. – Charles H. Bogart photo. owned by Hex Stone Company, and her barges collided with a tow being pushed

78 • Summer 2019 PowerShips by the 5,600-hp D&R Boney, owned by no less than 12 days a year on an equitably projections showing 2025 as marking American Commercial Barge Lines, on the spaced basis. The dates and times when the end of domestic coal production in Lower Mississippi River at Mile 103. The the boat is open to the public must be Kentucky; 2045 in West Virginia. Most cause of the collision was Miss Dixie losing published annually and provided to the of the riverside coal loadouts on the Big her steering. Both tows broke up and Miss Ohio State Historic Preservation Office. Sandy and Kanawha Rivers are closed Dixie suffered a 43-inch puncture of her hull. Majestic may be moved out of state, but and are being dismantled. Coal movement she must be maintained. down the Green River in Kentucky is also Floating Theater Sold If any repair, rehabilitation or alteration is in steep decline. Alabama metallurgical n February 8, the 218-seat to be carried out to Majestic, this must meet coal, however, still commands an overseas Oshowboat Majestic, the last floating the “Secretary of the Interior’s Standards market, and some 13 million tons was theater in America, was sold at auction by for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for shipped in 2018 from the Port of Mobile. the city of , Ohio, for $110,000. Rehabilitating Historic Buildings.” Much of this coal was barged down the A total of 88 bids were submitted. Majestic must be moved from her Black Warrior and Mobile Rivers. Majestic was built in 1923, and plied current location at the Cincinnati, Ohio, the Western Rivers for years before being River Public Landing within 90 days. acquired by the city of Cincinnati. It was Briefs based at the Public Landing and used to Decline in Tonnage Shipped n Hughes Heating and Cooling host period plays put on by the University he movement of grain on the of Memphis, Tennessee, offers HVAC of Cincinnati Drama Department. Due to TWestern Waterways continues to service to towboats while they’re Coast Guard regulation issues, Majestic was decline. The 2018 calendar year closed underway in the Lower Mississippi River closed at the end of the 2014 season. At out with 36,666,000 tons of grain being at Memphis. Hughes has its own boat that present, the name of the new owner and his barged. This is 3,024,000 tons less than carries the necessary personnel, tools and plans for Majestic are unknown. However, the 39,690,000 tons moved in 2017. parts to repair most HVAC systems. This since Majestic is listed on the National Soybeans were down to 13,355,000 tons is thought to be the only Western River- Register of Historic Places, and in 2007 in 2018 compared to 15,580,000 tons based HVAC repair service. major restoration work was done on her in 2017. Corn, however, was up from n The American Waterways using a Federal Preservation Grant, there 21,618,000 tons in 2017 to 22,582,000 Operators has released guidelines for are a number of restrictions that come with tons in 2018. Grain tonnage for 2018 was towboat and barge operators to identify this ownership. These include the following: down seven percent from 2017 and was cyber risks and detect and respond No changes can be made to the five percent lower than the three-year to cyberattacks. This document is architecturally or historically significant average. However, things look better for entitled “Cyber Risk Management features of Majestic, including coloring 2019 since China is once again purchasing Best Practices for the Towing or surfacing, without first receiving prior U.S. soybeans, buying 1.5 million tons at Industry” and can be found at www. approval of the Ohio State Historic the end of December for shipment in 2019. americanwaterways.com. Preservation Office. The movement of coal on the Ohio n The Coast Guard, with its Public access to Majestic is required for River continues to decline, with recent Western River fleet averaging 53 years of age and the last Western River cutter having been built in 1994, is seeking design input from Western River boat builders on the next generation of Western River cutters. They would like one boat design that would incorporate the capability of the Western River construction tender, river buoy tender and inland buoy tender. The Coast Guard maintains some 20,000 aids to navigation on the Western Rivers. 

n Write Charles H. Bogart at n Ionic Huntress is seen here bound up the LMR at Algiers. The 22,432-ton bulk carrier was 201 Pin Oak Pl., Frankfort, KY 40601 or built in 2012. She flies the flag of the Marshall Islands. – Charles H. Bogart photo. [email protected]

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 79 Tugboats by David M. Boone

New Tugboat News Hybrid System Approved olls-Royce has received approval Rin principle from the American Bureau of Shipping for its novel hybrid propulsion system for tractor tugs. The approval was granted following an evaluation of the hybrid tug designed by Jensen Maritime Consultants that Nichols Brothers Boat Builders is set to deliver to Baydelta Maritime in 2019. This system consists of electric motors and main propulsion engines connected to Roll-Royce azimuth thrusters, allowing the tug to operate in either diesel-mechanical, diesel-electric or boost mode configuration. The tug will n The Ava M. McAllister being launched at Eastern Shipbuilding. (See “McAllister Tug have greater operational flexibility and Launched”) – Photo courtesy of McAllister Towing. will provide improved fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions. service moving oil on the U.S. East Coast. G&H Towing on behalf of Bay Houston Kirby also took delivery of the AT/B Towing Company. McAllister Tug Launched Cape Henry from Master Boat Builders in Gulf Island is currently building nine astern Shipbuilding Group Inc. in Bayou La Batre, Alabama. Designed by sister tugs that are at various stages of EPanama City, Florida, launched the Guarino & Cox in Covington, Louisiana, construction. escort/rescue Z-drive tractor tug Ava M. the 5,000-hp, 120-ft tug has a running McAllister on December 7, just 58 days speed of 13 knots. This is the third AT/B Jensen Designs after Hurricane Michael devastated the built for Kirby in the past three years. ensen Maritime, Crowley Maritime Florida Panhandle. Built for McAllister Kirby Corporation is the premier JCorporation’s Seattle-based marine Towing & Transportation Company tank barge operator in the United engineering company, has provided the of New York and designed by Jensen States, transporting bulk liquid products detailed design for six additional Tier Maritime, the tug is scheduled for throughout the Mississippi River system, IV tractor tugs being built by Nichols delivery in the second quarter of 2019. on the Gulf Intercoastal Waterway, and Brothers Boat Builders for Foss Maritime Her sisters Capt. Brian A. McAllister and along all U.S. coasts, including Alaska Company. The tugs are based on Jensen’s Rosemary McAllister are already working in and Hawaii. popular Valor tugboat design, of which the New York and Norfolk fleets, and the nine have been built and deployed, with fourth tug of the class, Capt. Jim McAllister, Gulf Island Buildings an additional five remaining under is under construction at the shipyard. ulf Island Fabrication Inc. design or construction. Greported that its shipyard division Once delivered, the tugs will be Kirby Gets New AT/Bs delivered the tug Mark E. Kuebler to put to work along the U.S. West Coast. incantieri Bay Shipbuilding in Bay Houston Towing Company in These 100-ft by 40-ft tugs are multi- FSturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, delivered December. The Z-Tech terminal/escort functional and will include ship assist the AT/B Ronnie Murph and barge tug was designed by Robert Allan Ltd. of and escort capabilities, as well as towing. Kirby 155-03 to Kirby Offshore Marine Vancouver, Canada, and was built at Gulf Additionally, the tugs are Tier IV- in December. The 8,000-hp tug and Island’s Jennings, Louisiana, facility. The compliant, meaning that they utilize high- 155,000-barrel-capacity tank barge are in 98.6-ft, 6,772-hp tug will be operated by efficiency catalysts and after-treatment

80 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Moran Contracts with Navy oran Towing Corporation Mrecently signed a $14,350,538 contract with the U.S. Navy that could potentially be worth more than $74 million. It covers the charter services of eight tractor tugs that will be capable of performing ship-handling and other duties in Norfolk, Virginia, and surrounding waters. The contract includes a 12-month base period, three 12-month option periods and one 11-month option. The contract runs to February 2020, and if all options are exercised, it will continue until January 31, 2024. n The new tractor tug Hercules during acceptance trials on December 17, 2018. (See “Hercules Prevails”) – Photo by Dave Boone. Kirby Buys Cenac irby Corporation has purchased technology to reduce emissions. unit from Conrad Shipyard in Louisiana. KCenac Marine Services, of Houma, Jensen also provided the detail design The AT/B Wachapreague is matched Louisiana, for approximately $244 million for Shaver Transportation Company’s new to the new 80,000-barrel tank barge DS- in cash. Cenac’s fleet consists of 63 barges Z-drive tractor tug Samantha S. Built at 803 and will operate on the Sabine River with a capacity of 30,000 barrels each Diversified Marine Shipyard in Portland, and into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The (approximately 1.9 million barrels total), 34 Oregon, the multi-purpose tug will operate Assateague and DS-801 were completed in inland towboats and two off-shore tugboats. along the U.S. West Coast. Unusual in March 2018, while the Chincoteague and having a squared forward end, it will DS-802 left the shipyard in August 2018. Tugs Bought and Sold allow the bow to come up flat against Also, two new tugs building at hornton Towing & Transportation the transom of oceangoing ships in the Chesapeake Shipbuilding in Salisbury, TCompany of New York has sold Columbia River. The 112-ft by 44-ft tug is Maryland, are nearing completion. The the Eric R. Thornton to Legacy Marine of rated at an astonishing 8,436 horsepower. Cape Fear and Cape May are rated at 3,000 Boston, where her name was changed to horsepower and will be joining the fleet Preston James. The tug was built as the Roger Young Brothers Blesses Tug later in 2019. Williams in Warren, Rhode Island, in 1960 oung Brothers LLC held a for Providence Steamboat Company. Yblessing ceremony for its new tug Hercules Prevails McAllister Towing & Transportation Kapena Raymond Alapai after her maiden he new tractor tug Hercules, Company has purchased the tug Signet arrival in her new home port of Hilo, Towned by Suderman & Young of Intrepid from Signet Maritime Corporation Hawaii. The tug is the second such tug to Houston, ran acceptance trials at Cameron, and renamed her Mary McAllister. The be added to the inter-island shipper’s fleet of Louisiana, on December 17, 2018. tug was built in 1999 and, after a dry- six tugboats and eight barges serving seven docking in Norfolk, Virginia, will join the Hawaiian ports. She’s named in honor of Other Tugboat News McAllister Philadelphia fleet. one of the company’s first captains. Cook Buys Crowley Assets McAllister has also laid up its Resolute Young Brothers handles nearly all ook Inlet Tug & Barge, a subsidiary and listed her for sale. Built at Jakobson inter-island cargo shipping, making more Cof Foss Maritime Company, has Shipyard in Oyster Bay, New York, and than 600 sailings per year. purchased all of Crowley Maritime delivered in January 1975, the tug’s twin Corporation’s Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, sister Reliance still works in the Providence, Vane Brothers Expands assets. This included tugboats, barges, Rhode Island, fleet. Operations heavy machinery, vehicles and Moran Towing’s tug Cape May has been ane Brothers has completed a equipment. The assets are already laid up in Norfolk, Virginia, and is for sale. Vnew building series that will expand positioned on the North Slope and are Built at McDermott Shipyard in Amelia, its coastal barge operations with the operationally ready to perform shallow- Louisiana, in 1973, the 3,300-hp twin-screw delivery of the third Assateague-class draft tug and barge services. tug was always a favorite of this writer.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 81 Scrappings he tug OSG Intrepid and her Tbarge OSG 192 have arrived in Brownsville, Texas, for scrapping. In February, the Latham Smith tug Rhea towed the former submarine tender USS Simon Lake (AS-33) from Hampton Roads to Brownsville, Texas, for scrapping. Casualties onjon Marine’s tug Atlantic DEnterprise assisted SMIT International with the towing of the containership Yantian Express, which was ablaze east of Halifax on January 4. Foss Maritime and Young Brothers rescued the former passenger ship n The Resolute at McAllister’s Gloucester, New Jersey, pier in 2010. (See “Tugs Bought and Kulamanu after the ship lost power four Sold,” page 81) – Photo by Dave Boone. miles south of Honolulu while on a delivery trip to the U.S. West Coast. LLC, a holding company based in Maritime Commission seeking collective The Barbara Foss took the ship in tow and Astoria, Oregon. The firm relocated her negotiation authority. brought her into Honolulu Harbor with to a pier at the Tongue Point Job Corps The tugboat industry cried foul and the assistance of the Young Brothers tugs Center, a maritime training program took its concerns to Congress, arguing Eleu and Pi’ilani. near the mouth of the Columbia River. that such practices are anti-competitive The Kulamanu is the former U.S. East With the backing of the nonprofit and would force tugboat companies to Coast excursion vessel a) Delaware Belle Salvage Chief Foundation, she has been accept non-compensatory rates for their b) Hudson Belle c) of the undergoing restoration ever since. If the services. The industry told lawmakers Wilson Line. The ship was converted funds are approved, the hope is to have in a 2017 hearing that the large carrier into an auxiliary sailing ship in 1979. the tug fully restored and recertified. groups, by wielding a of The long-range goal is to provide bargaining power, can push down rates Historic Vessel Being learning opportunities and sea time for for harbor services to unsustainable Restored Tongue Point cadets. The Tongue Point levels. This practice could deter future nonprofit group is seeking $1.9 Center’s maritime program trains entry- investments in marine terminals and port A million in funding from the Oregon level seafarers with the basic qualifications infrastructure. legislature to bring a storied salvage to work as able-bodied seamen or To its credit, Congress amended vessel back to life. Over a 60-year career, qualified members of the engine the Federal Maritime Commission the Salvage Chief conducted over 250 department. The program’s enrollment Authorization Act of 2017 to explicitly rescues, refloats and other interventions has doubled since 2016 due to demand. bar ocean carriers from jointly up and down the West Coast, including negotiating the rates and services the removal of the Exxon Valdez from Rates for Operators provided within U.S. ports by towing Bligh . At Risk vessels. It also mandated active Federal The salvage tug was converted from ugboat operators who provide Maritime Commission oversight of a World War II-era U.S. Navy LST by Tservices to the big ocean carriers ocean carrier alliances and gives the Fred Devine and was developed as a have seen a problem developing with commission and federal courts specific powerhouse, with six winches capable the blue-water industry. Massive tools and remedies to stop carriers from of 300 tons of line pull each. Her consolidations have placed power in colluding over pricing.  capabilities set her apart, as she handled the hands of fewer and larger shipping most of the major salvage operations on lines, who have formed alliances that n Write David M. Boone at the Northwest Coast for six decades. have tried to jointly negotiate contracts 36 Kendall Blvd., Oaklyn, NJ 08107 or Retired from service in 2015, the to purchase towing services. Several [email protected] vessel was purchased by Salvage Chief had filed agreements with the Federal

82 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Reviews Edited by William A. Fox n SSHSA assumes no responsibility for opinions expressed by reviewers, nor are reviews official statements of the Society itself.

CHESAPEAKE REQUIEM: has been lost since the 1870s and the Actual physical remains of warships A Year with the Watermen of graves of their ancestors are being lost before 1700 are few because the wood Vanishing Tangier Island. to the sea, they are courageous and often deteriorated and disappeared, Earl Swift. HarperCollins Publishers (195 their faith is strong. Earl Swift spent under attack by sea life. In this section, Broadway, New York, NY 10007), 800- much of two years on the island, living the author provides a chronological 242-7737, harpercollins.com. 2018. 434 pp., and working with its inhabitants. It’s and geographically diverse look at the illustrated. $28.99. Hardcover. estimated that without intervention by development of the warship by various his is a special book by a the federal government, Tangier may cultures. We follow the tale from the Trenowned Pulitzer Prize-nominated be uninhabitable within a few decades. lone war canoe, to fleets of wooden author. Earl Tangier’s story and Swift’s writing should rowed galleys and sailing vessels, on to Swift caught my get the attention of everyone living in steam-powered iron and steel ships that attention with his coastal areas. I highly recommend this travel both below and on the surface local history- and book to you. William A. Fox of the ocean. This tale of warship culture-filled development covers warship design 2001 book, WAR AT SEA: and tactical use along the Pacific Journey on the A Shipwrecked History Coast of Asia and in the waters of the James, about from Antiquity to the , North Sea, Baltic his three-week Twentieth Century. Sea, English Channel, Caribbean Sea, canoe trip down James P. Delgado. Oxford University Press (198 Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, Atlantic the 340-mile James River in 1998. His Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016), 800- Ocean and Pacific Ocean. empathy for his subjects is strong and 445-9714, [email protected]. 2019. 488 pp., The stories of warship remains his writing is superb. Chesapeake Requiem illustrated. $34.95. Hardcover. are told in just enough detail to whet has been called “A brilliant, soulful n 1999, the author published the one’s appetite to learn more. There and timely portrait of a two-hundred- Igroundbreaking book Lost Warships: are reports on the remains of wooden year-old crabbing community in the An Archaeological warships used by the Roman Empire, middle of the Chesapeake Bay as it faces Tour of War at the Vikings, the Royal Navy, Sweden, extinction.” Sea. The book Russia, the Netherlands, the United Tangier Island was explored by under review is States and other nations. In almost Captain John Smith in 1608 and was an updated and all cases, these warships were lost to settled in the 1770s. Today it’s the center greatly expanded maritime misadventure and not to of the softshell blue crab industry, edition of the wartime damage. While there are seriously threatened by sea level rise. 1999 book. In photographs of the salvaged remains of The hard crabs are caught in thousands the new book, these warships, a number of the photos of offshore pots and brought ashore the author covers are of modern reconstructions. As might to molt, or “bust,” into much-prized sunken warships that were known in be expected, the colder the water the softshells. The classic 30- to 50-ft 1999 but not described in the older wooden ship sank in, and the more mud Chesapeake Bay Deadrise (Virginia’s book, and those warships discovered in that covered her, the more of the ship State Boat) is the craft of choice. the past 15 years. has been preserved for investigation. Tangier’s isolated 470 inhabitants The first part of the book provides The author, after discussing wooden have a unique culture and perspective. a fascinating look at the history of warships, then moves on to tackle the Physically connected to the outside maritime development through the mechanically powered iron and steel world only by daily mail boats, tourist use of archeology. Much of what we warships of the last 200 years. The boats in the summer and aircraft, they know about early wooden warships majority of these ships were lost in speak with a unique dialect. In spite of comes from written descriptions, combat or to internal explosions and not the fact that two-thirds of their land engravings, drawings and models. to weather or navigational error.

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 83 scans and underwater photos are offered buildings and ships. Farcus received an Coming SOON in to show what the remains of these architecture certificate with his high warships look like today. The lost steel school diploma and graduated from the PowerShips warships investigation section covers the University of Florida in 1967. He says period from the American Civil War to that he was “born to be an architect.” the end of the Cold War. Unfortunately, After a few years with a private firm, 150 Years for the the author is very selective in his the Carnivale work came, in 1975. He The canal across Egypt is considered one of account of warships lost in the last half met Carnival chairman Ted Arison, and the world’s greatest engineering marvels. On of the 20th century and, as a result, he was hooked. In his foreword to the November 17, 1869, the royalty of Egypt and a number of warships lost during this book, current chairman Mickey Arison Europe gathered along the banks of the newly period are not mentioned. says, “There is no individual who has dug waterway to watch Empress Eugenie of If underwater marine archeology is had a more profound impact on cruise France and Ferdinand de Lesseps, the canal’s of any interest to you, this is a must-read ship design.” The Arisons, whom Farcus builder, lead a procession of vessels eastward book. The bibliography is a gold mine considers to be his Medicis, admired from Port Said on the royal yacht L’Aigle. Jim of follow-up reading for those who wish his original, eclectic and spectacular Shaw helps us celebrate the anniversary with a to learn more about a particular wreck designs and his artistic abilities. Farcus’ brief history of the canal. or the world of warship wreck hunting. innovations and inventions included the Charles H. Bogart famous Carnival winged smokestack Handling the Liners at for Tropicale and the multi-story atrium Bethlehem Steel in Hoboken DESIGN ON THE on Fantasy. His later work, after Destiny, In Lives of the Liners, William Miller tells HIGH SEAS: produced 20 more ships for Carnival the story of Bethlehem Steel in Hoboken, from Setting the Scene for and Costa Crociere until his last, Costa 1938 to 1982. Beginning on Twelfth Street, Entertainment Architecture Diadema, in 2014. Bethlehem stretched for almost five blocks, with Aboard Cruise Ships. Seatrade Cruise News described Design workshops, dry docks and no fewer than eight Joseph Farcus. Images Publishing Group (6 West on the High Seas as “Rich in color photos, tall, goose-like cranes perched on lattice-steel 18th Street 4B, New York, NY 10011), 212-645- original sketches and a compelling platforms, handling over 4,000 ships with a 1111, imagespublishing.com. 2018. 264 pages, narrative.” It’s that and more. The staff that soared to as many as 11,000. illustrated. $31.45. Hardcover. book measures 8.3 by 11.2 inches and oseph Farcus is the artist and is printed on heavy glossy paper. I only Plus Jarchitect who coined the term wish that the captions for the small “entertainment photos and sketches were darker, and that Heineken, Hemlock and architecture” to an index had been included. A single- Hula Hoops describe his work page listing of all of Farcus’ ships with Almost 40 years ago, Holland America ended on 50 cruise ships their dates and particulars would also a 50-year service to the Pacific Coast with between 1975 and have been helpful. combination passenger/cargo ships. Terry Tilton 2014. Starting This book is a must-have for anyone offers a revealing account of the well-equipped with the refit of interested in ships, art and modern combination liners that made up the Holland Carnival Cruise design. You’ll thoroughly enjoy it, and America fleet. Lines’ second you’ll leave it out for others to browse James I. Waddell, CSN: ship, Carnivale, he and appreciate. William A. Fox  Pirate or Hero? became the world’s most prolific creator James Shuttleworth presents the compelling of ship interiors. Born in Pennsylvania, n Write William A. Fox at story of James Waddell, commander of the his family moved to Miami Beach 112 Colonel’s Way, Williamsburg, VA 23185 Confederate commerce raider Shenandoah, and he was fascinated by the glamor or [email protected] which captured and burned 32 Union vessels in and architecture of its hotels, other

the South Atlantic, South Pacific and the Sea of MER 2019 NUMBER 310 • SUM

M e r i c a y o f a s o c i e T i s T o r i c a l s h i P h T e a M T h e s f r o M V e s s e l s o w e r e d Ships - P Okhotsk at the end of, and after, the Civil War. n g i n e o f e a g a z i n e PowerT h e M

… and More! Presidential1880 Please visit & support PowerShips Yachts: -1921 20 advertisers…let them know you saw  their ad in PowerShips! UE SS Batavia ALSO IN THIS ISS Port of Rescues the The Demise Da Nang, Crew of the Queen of the Vietnam, Charles Elizabeth 2: Union Bark MV 1966–1967 50 Don’t Miss them! The Early 30 Ward Reliance 38 Years 10

84 • Summer 2019 PowerShips by Barry Eager Heard on the Fantail n Steamer Nobska, built in 1925 at Bath, Maine, for the New England Steamship Co. Shown in September 1957. – Braun Bros. Col- lection, SSHSA Archives. Westport, Massachusetts, where Greg Abbott introduced me. One who welcomed me was Dan Streeter, who shared my interest in the Island steamers. I also met Bill Ewen, Jr., the chapter chairman, and chapter secretary Doris Whitman Green, who was the Society’s first female member back in 1940. All of Finding an Obscure Society the people mentioned became lifelong good friends. I later served on the national y interest in lengthened. I finally met that schoolboy, board of directors with six of them. began in childhood. Greg Abbott, in September of 1972 In conclusion, I want to emphasize that I began to haunt the on the dock at Woods Hole; he was the our best source of new members has al- steamer wharf in Woods first SSHSA member I actually met. ways been through personal contact with MHole by about age 10. Already my idea Greg told me about the Southern New a present member and being introduced of a good time was spending a summer England Chapter of the Society, and in to the magazine PowerShips, formerly morning watching the steamers Martha’s the summer of 1973 he introduced me Steamboat Bill. I urge everyone to speak of Vineyard a) Islander and Nantucket a) Nobska to George King, then the postmaster of the Society and the magazine to friends c) Nobska and the motor ferry Islander Vineyard Haven. George was running who may have an interest in ships or arrive and depart on their runs to the a September meeting of the Society at steamboats. islands. By age 12, I became interested in Oak Bluffs and sent me a copy of the the Cunard Queens, United States and other meeting notice. That meeting was the liners. first that I attended. John Boardman was I first heard of the Steamship the evening speaker on the subject of the Historical Society of America in 1968 in Island steamers. Don Ringwald was then a news report of the Society’s meeting on the Society’s president. I was immediately Nantucket that summer. Unfortunately, it impressed with his devotion to maritime was after the fact and included no contact history, as well as his dry wit. information. There was no internet Meanwhile, that same summer I had then to provide instant answers to my discovered that the American Antiquarian n Nobska’s passenger gangway at Woods Hole, questions. Meanwhile I was ramping Society in Worcester, Massachusetts, September 10, 1972. Young Greg Abbott is up my interest in the Island boats as an had a nearly complete file of Steamboat seated to the left of the gangplank wearing a blue adult, taking subscriptions to two island Bill. I read there a number of times, engineer’s cap. – Barry Eager photo. newspapers to add to my scrapbooks. looking for items of interest. That gave If you have a special memory of a Bill Quinn, a Cape Cod photographer me the address of 414 Pelton Avenue on particular vessel, Society member or who provided aerial news film for Boston Staten Island, the home of Jim and Alice event, send it to me for possible inclusion TV stations, did a feature piece in the Wilson, which was the Society’s business in a future column.  winter of 1971–72 on a schoolboy from address from 1960 until 1978. Years later Woods Hole who loved the steamer I learned that I could have found the n Write Barry Eager at Nobska. The old steamer ran that winter address in the World Almanac. Box 87, Berlin, MA 01503 because the newer diesel ferry Uncatena Later that fall I attended the or [email protected] was in an East Boston shipyard being Southern New England Chapter in

PowerShips Summer 2019 • 85 From the Collection by Don Leavitt

n A rare pre-maiden voyage concept model of the SS United States. – Tilden Collection, SSHSA Archives.

Two Models from Far-Flung Places

wo beautiful models of United coworker who later turned it over to me to States Lines vessels arrived at the find a good home for it.” TShip History Center this spring. The America is probably an agency The first is of the America, the queen of display model that was touched up in the the American fleet when she took her early 1980s with the new United States maiden voyage in 1940. The second is of Lines logo. But the United States has clues the United States, the fastest passenger liner to a more fascinating past. ever built. Explains Doug: “The Big U model is They come from longtime SSHSA interesting since it has enclosed bridge member Doug Tilden of San Francisco. wings. . . . The original Gibbs and Cox Doug joined United States Lines in 1969 design for the United States had closed n An updated travel agency model of the and worked his way up to Vice President bridge wings, which were changed to America. – Tilden Collection, SSHSA Archives. in charge of South American operations. open wings during construction. The “It has been important to me that these He was working out of USL’s office in Rio model therefore appears to be from the models find a home where they will be well de Janeiro when the line went bankrupt in period between conception and actual cared for and where they can contribute to 1987. Doug picks up the story: construction.” the understanding of our maritime heritage. “At the time of the bankruptcy I was in Another clue is just behind the rear I am so pleased the SSHSA has agreed to South America as VP. Our South Amer- stack. Originally, a rear mast was planned steward these models,” says Doug. ica operations were as a result of the U.S. and even shows up in the famous agency And thank you, Doug, for saving and Lines’ purchase of Moore-McCormick portrait by William Aylward. But it was passing on these wonderful models from Lines in 1982. I have no idea how the SS eliminated when the ship was built. our past.  United States model came to be in the Rio Sure enough, on the model there’s a hole office when I arrived in 1986. I rescued behind the funnel where a mast was once n Write Don Leavitt at Nautiques, the model before the office was seized by fitted. So what’s on display at the Ship 255 Pleasant St., South Ryegate, VT 05069 creditors. Similarly, the America model was History Center is a very rare, pre-maiden- or [email protected] rescued from the Hong Kong office by a voyage concept model of the United States.

86 • Summer 2019 PowerShips Captains’ Circle Members as of June 14, 2019

Commodore CAPT Dick Palmer Mr. Charles T. Andrews CAPT & Mrs. Roland R. Parent Mr. Douglas E. Bryan Ms. Mary L. Payne Dr. Patrick T. Conley CAPT Dave Pickering Mr. Alexander D. Crary Mr. David L. Powers, Jr. Mr. William W. Donnell Mr. Richard Rabbett Mr. Barry W. Eager Mr. Thomas C. Ragan Mr. and Mrs. William Edwards Mr. Thomas Reed Mr. and Mrs. Arthur J. Ferguson Mr. David Schulz Mr. Robert J. Golden Mr. and Mrs. James W. Shuttleworth Mr. John B. Henry Mr. Howard Smart Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Hughes Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Smith Mr. Scott G. Huston CAPT Cesare Sorio Mr. Neil E. Jones Mr. Kent Strobel CAPT Philip C. Kantz CAPT Eric Takakjian Mr. Murray Kilgour Mr. Douglas A. Tilden Mr. Don Leavitt CAPT and Mrs. Terry Tilton, USN (Ret.) Mr. William M. McLin & Mr. Samuel J. McKeon Mr. Terence Turner CAPT and Mrs. James J. McNamara CAPT Robert F. Wasson Jr. Dr. Laurence Miller Mr. Peregrine White Mr. Charles W. Moorman Mr. Eric Wiberg Mr. Richard Muller

Commander CDR Michael Greene, USN (Ret.) Mr. Joseph Bains Mr. and Mrs. Glenn P. Hayes An Exclusive Member Mr. Preston B. Baker Ms. June Sherry Ingram The Rev. James Brandmueller Ross and Ellen Langill Category from SSHSA Mr. Odd A. Brevik CAPT Leif Lindstrom Mr. Gabriel Caprio Mr. Jeff Macklin Mr. John J. Crowley, Jr. Mr. John Mahoney s a aptains ircle member C ’ C Mr. Patrick Dacey CAPT Warren McDonald, USCGR (Ret.) you’ll join with peers who CAPT Robertson Dinsmore Mr. Carl R. Nold share your interest in the Mr. Steven Draper Mr. Roy C. Rose Mr. and Mrs. Donald W. Eberle Mr. William M. Rosen history and culture of fine Mr. Andrew Edmonds Mr. Richard Scarano vessels, enjoy significant benefits and Mr. Francis Galasso Mr. Shapleigh Smith Mr. Daniel Gallagher Mr. Donn R. Spear recognition, and be part of our impor- Mr. Mark Gathings tant mission: recording, preserving and sharing maritime heritage. Mariner Mr. Roger Gill Mr. Patrick D. Ortego Mr. Jim Antonisse Mr. Gary Gmoser Mr. Ronald L. Oswald Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Bellafiore Mr. Paul S. Gravenhorst Mr. Hollis S. Paige Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Bieser Mr. Robert A. Haslun Mr. Art Peabody Mr. Ted Blank Mr. Han Helders Mr. Richard G. Pelley Among the Many Benefits... Dr. Jason B. Boudjouk Mr. Albert R. Hinckley, Jr. Mr. W. Bruce Redpath Mr. Gus Bourneuf Mr. John C. Hover II Mr. William S. Reid • Council of American Maritime Museums Mr. J. O. Busto Mr. Tom Jordens Mr. Bruce Rowe Cards for complimentary admission to 80 Mr. David B. Butler Mr. Timothy J. Kelly Dr. Victor H. Rubino Mr. and Mrs. Donald Caldera Mr. Nicholas Langhart Mr. Robert H. Savarese maritime museums Dr. George Callard Mr. Stephen Lash Mr. John L. Schiavone Mr. John Cameron, Jr. Mr. Thomas Lavin Mr. and Mrs. Matthew S. Schulte CAPT Gerard P. Carroll Mr. Matthew Lawrence Mr. John W. Schumann • Recognition as a member of Captains’ Circle Mr. Charles W. Clarke CAPT David Leech Mr. Howard Schutter CDR Andrew O. Coggins, Jr., Mrs. H. F. Lenfest Mr. Daniel J. Sentilles in SSHSA’s e-newsletter, The Telegraph, USN (Ret.) Mr. Reginald Lewington Mrs. Walter A. Shields (Beth) and in PowerShips magazine Mr. William D. Comings, Jr. Ms. Susan E. Linda Mr. George Shuster CAPT John M. Cox CAPT Adrian M. Loughborough Mr. John Sleeter CAPT Roger Crossland Dr. Mark P. Macina Mr. Mark Snider • Invitations to Captains’ Circle events Mr. Robert Ian Danic Reverend Armand Mantia Mr. John S.W. Spofford Mr. Donald Deckebach Mr. David L. McColloch Mr. Roy L. Spring Mr. Andrew W. Edmonds Mr. Daniel L. McCoy Mr. Alan Stover • Specially selected archival quality maritime CAPT J.A. Ellis Mr. Laurence P. MacDonald Mr. Alexander Swavy prints from SSHSA’s Image Porthole Mr. Jonathan Ely Mr. Walter Lynn McLaughlin Mrs. Merle Thomsen (Dian) Mr. Elmer Engman CAPT Ronald J. Meiczinger Mr. Sandy Thomson Mr. Bruce J. Estell Mrs. Harry Morgan Mr. G. Thomas Tranter Mr. Joseph J. Farcus Mr. William G. Muller Mr. Richard Vanaria Mr. Michael Fisher Dr. and Mrs. William P. Murphy Mr. Stephen Weaver CDR Dennis R. Flynn, USN (Ret.) CAPT Alfred Murray Mr. Chase Welles Mr. Brian J. Fournier Mr. Brian L. Norden Mr. Jack Wendler Mr. Albert Gilder Mr. Michael J. O'Callaghan Call SSHSA for more information at (401) 463-3570 or visit www.sshsa.org float! ar II A orld W on of W e the Acti erienc Exp Aboard the Liberty Shipw n Joh n W. Bro

Cruise from Baltimore on the ChesapeakeH H H H H H H H H H H H Saturday, The SS JOHN W. BROWN is one of the last operating September 7 survivors from the great fleet of over 2,700 war-built Liberty Ships and the last operational troopship of World War II. The ship is a 2019 maritime museum and a memorial to the shipyard workers who built, merchant mariners who sailed, and the U.S. Navy Armed Guard who defended the Liberty ships during World War II. The John W. Brown is fully restored and maintained as close as possible to her World War II configuration. Visitors must be able to walk up steps to board the ship.

This exciting 6 hour day cruise includes lunch, music of the 40’s, period entertainment and flybys (conditions permitting) of wartime aircraft. Tour on-board museums, crew quarters, bridge and much more. See the magnificent 140-ton triple-expansion steam engine as it powers the ship through the water.

H Order your tickets online at: www.ssjohnwbrown.org H For information call: 410-558-0164 Visit www.ssjohnwbrown.org for special pricing, group rates, gift certificates and more.

Last day to order tickets is 14 days before the cruise. Conditions and penalties apply to cancellations. Project is a Baltimore based, all volunteer, nonprofit organization.