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Data Collection Survey for Strategy Development of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Sector in the Republic of the Philippines

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Data Collection Survey for Strategy Development of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Sector in the Republic of the Philippines THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES DATA COLLECTION SURVEY FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. 1R PACIFIC CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 17-021 THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES DATA COLLECTION SURVEY FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. PACIFIC CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. Data Collection Survey for Strategy Development of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Sector in the Republic of the Philippines Summary Background and Objectives: The JICA cooperation strategy on DRRM formulated in 2008 included the promotion of non-structural measures such as the support for policy making and community enhancement based on the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) adopted in 2005 into the conventional cooperation projects mainly focusing on the implementation of structural measures. Since then, both Japan and the Philippines have experienced catastrophic disasters such as the Great East Japan Earthquake and Typhoon Yolanda, and both countries undertook efforts to respond and rebuild from unexpected and extraordinary disasters. Other countries have also experienced several catastrophic disasters, and new frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR) were agreed and some targets to achieve their goals are being discussed through recently conducted international dialogues. From those international trends, several well-known keywords arose such as “Mainstreaming DRR” and “Build Back Better: BBB” which were originally used in Japan. Based on the consideration of the Philippines’ situation and international trends, this study was conducted in order to review and renew JICA’s strategy in the DRRM sector of the Philippines through the strengthening of the consistency between JICA’s strategy and Government of the Philippines’ DRRM policy. The major results of the study are shown below. Disaster Risks in the Philippines: The number of natural disasters and the number of affected people have increased recently. The disaster risk in Metro Manila and other highly urbanized areas is increasing and the vulnerability against disaster risk is also high in rural regions of which economic conditions are comparatively poor or low. International Trends on DRRM: In the 1990s, the importance to shift from a post disaster emergency response and recovery into a pre-disaster mitigation and prevention approach was advocated; and in the 2000s, the term “DRR mainstreaming” started to be used by the international community. Even with the adoption of HFA, priorities were still set on disaster response and early warnings, and the reduction of damage (especially economic losses) during recent large scale disasters was limited. Under such circumstances, the fact that DRRM has to be considered as an issue for development was emphasized during the third UNWCDRR and weight was put on pre-disaster DRRM, pre-disaster investment and BBB. Legal Framework on DRRM Sector in the Philippines: Based on the disaster risk in the Philippines and the international trends on DRRM, the Government of the Philippines started to consider the shift from a “post-disaster response and anticipation” into a “pre-disaster Disaster Risk - i - Reduction and Management as an issue to eradicate poverty” in the 1990s. In 2010, the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act (RA10121) replacing PD.1566 was enacted. This new law emphasized the need for a coherent, integrated and proactive approach to DRRM across levels and sectors, governmental agencies and communities. In the Philippines Development Plan (PDP) formulated in 2011, issues on DRRM and Climate Change issues are mentioned to be crucial to reach the goals on sustainable growth and are positioned as issues crossing all of the sectors. During the formulation of the recent Ambisyon Natin 2040, natural disasters were identified as one of the three factors causing instability. In other words, natural disasters were recognized as an issue that has to be prioritized by the Government of the Philippines in order to ensure Filipinos’ safety and prosperity. Major Challenges on DRRM Sector in the Philippines: Interviews and consultation meetings were conducted to understand the gaps and challenges related to DRRM. Major challenges on overall DRRM systems are that implementation of the National DRRM Plan (NDRRMP) and preparation and implementation of Local DRRM Plans (LDRRMPs), risk assessment and structural measures based on risk assessment have not been conducted fully. Capacity of national and local government officers on DRRM is not adequate, and detailed plans and guidelines for rehabilitation and reconstruction have not been formulated yet, etc. In addition, the existing system of DRFI is not functioning fully and it has not promoted the pre-disaster investment for DRRM. Challenges on flood disaster countermeasures are that coordination between flood control/management and river basin management is insufficient, risk assessment, structural measures and early warning systems have not been conducted fully, and manpower and technical capacity of officers of DPWH and LGUs are lacking. No DRRM system for coastal disaster has been established yet and coastal management has not been recognized fully as an academic field. Challenges on earthquake disaster countermeasures are that capacity on monitoring and analysis is not adequate, detailed risk assessment and DRRM planning have not been conducted except for Manila, building administration on seismic diagnosis is weak, and seismic retrofitting of important public structures and small to mid-sized general structures have not been promoted fully etc. Challenges on volcanic disaster countermeasures are that policy has not been formulated, targeted volcanoes have been limited in number, detailed countermeasures have not been fully conducted such as establishment of a wide area coordination mechanism among LGUs, evacuation planning, promotion of land use regulation etc. Necessary Measures for DRRM Sector in the Philippines (draft): Necessary measures (draft) to solve the above challenges were proposed as follows. - ii - Table Proposed Measures for DRRM Sector in the Philippines Overall DRRM Flood/Sediment/Coastal Disaster Earthquake/Volcanic Disaster 1. Promotion of Implementing Risk Assessment Science-based • Collection and analysis of existing result of risk • Earthquake risk assessment of major cities assessment • Risk assessment of priority rivers (considering Disaster Risk the effect by climate change) • Risk assessment of priority volcanos (including • Standardization of risk assessment, and risk assessment of ash fall) Assessment establishment and utilization of promotion system of risk assessment Preparation of National Level Plans (Clarification of Role Allocation / Setting Targets) • Preparation of National Disaster Prevention and • Harmonization between Flood Control and other • Preparation of National Earthquake DRRM Mitigation Plan Related Plans in terms of River Basin Basic Plan 2. • Preparation of National Disaster Recovery and Management • Preparation of National Volcanic DRRM Basic Further Reconstruction Plan • Enhancement of recognition of importance of Plan • Preparation of Emergency Response Plan at each coastal DRRM and protection Strengthening level for each disaster of Disaster Risk Governance Promotion of Implementing DRRM Activities (Policy/Institutional Improvement) • Establishment of system to promote the • Preparation of legal framework and technical • Strengthening of building administration on 2-1 implementation of NDRRMP standard on coastal DRRM and protection seismic diagnosis and retrofitting • Establishment of system to promote the Policy/ preparation and implementation of LDRRMP Institutional • Establishment of system to promote the Improvement operation of DRRM TI • Strengthening of cooperation with industry- government-university • Strengthening of system of Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (DRFI) Administrative Capacity Enhancement Technical Capacity Enhancement • Capacity enhancement to implement DRRMP (NGAs • Technical capacity enhancement of DPWH LGUs • Capacity enhancement for seismic retrofitting 2-2 and LGUs) on countermeasures for flood, sediment and • Strengthening of capacity on seismic • Capacity enhancement for disaster response (human Further coastal disaster. monitoring and analysis resources) (preparation of BCP, preparation of Capacity • Capacity enhancement of PAGASA for • Strengthening of capacity on volcanic evacuation plan, implementation of drill etc.) meteorology and flood forecasting monitoring, analysis and forecasting Enhancement • Capacity enhancement for disaster response • Improvement of monitoring system and its (equipment) (equipment for BFP, special vehicles etc.) standardization (hydro-meteorology and wave • Capacity enhancement to implement DRFI height) Implementation of DRRM Measures • Implementation of flood control measures for • Preparation and implementation of Earthquake 3. priority river basins (promotion of DRRM plan of major cities (including emergency Sustained comprehensive flood control / mitigation response plan) 5 measures) (prioritization, MP, FS • Seismic retrofitting of structures (small-mid DRRM implementation
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