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DONOSTIAKO ITSASPEKO Fauna Eta Flora DONOSTIAKODONOSTIAKO ITSASPEKOITSASPEKO Fauna Eta Flora ADEVE Asociación para la Defensa de las Especies en Vías de Extinción DONOSTIAKO ITSASPEKO Fauna eta Flora DONOSTIAKODONOSTIAKO ITSASPEKOITSASPEKO Fauna eta Flora A.D.E.V.E. Egilea: Fernando Pedro Pérez IRAUNGITZEKO ZORIAN DAUDEN ESPEZIEAK DEFENDATZEKO ELKARGOA Argitaratzailea: ADEVE Argazkiak: Fernando Pedro Pérez, Maite Legarra, Xabi Agirre, Jon Uria, Kepa Zalakain. Diseiñua: Cristina Urionabarrenetxea. Lehen argitaldia: 2008ko abendua ISBN: 978-84-92401-41-3. Legezko gordailua: BI-3817-08. 2 a ULVA LACTUCA r o ALGA BERDEAK - KLOROFITOAK l F a t ALGAK e txura batean hauskorrak ematen gordeletan. a n duten aren, nahiko ondo eusten Marearteko eremuan ugari dira Ulva u I a diote lehorketari eta ur gezak eragin- (fronde laminarrak dituena), F dako diluzioari; hori dela eta marear- Enteromorpha (hodi moduko frondedu- o k tekoaren goialdean agertzen dira na) eta Codium (fronde lodiak eta zilin- e p sarri. Portuetako kutsadura ere era- drikoak ditu, eta ukitzean belusaren s a s mateko gai direnez, horma bertikale- antzekoa dirudi). Ez da erraza asma- t tan, eskaileretan eta arroketan hazten tzea zein espezietakoa den bakoitza; I o dira. Estuarioetan, barruragoko lekue- beharrezkoa izaten da frondearen k a i tara sartzen dira, eta haietan ohikoa zelula-geruzak zenbatzea eta bestela- t s den lorratz berdea osatzen dute. ko xehetasunak mikroskopioaren bitar- o n Gehienbat haitzen azalean hazten tez aztertzea. Beste genero garrantzi- o badira ere, bere egitura malguari tsu batzuk dira Blidingia, harizpi motz D esker sedimentu bigunen ere sor dai- eta finekoa, eta Cladophora, adar tezke, badia eta estuarioetako leku askoko harizpiak dituena. DONOSTIAKO KOSTALDEKO ULBALAK ORDENA DESKRIBAPENA: mintz itxurako (4.600 espezietik gora) zein itsasoan espeziea, berde argiaren eta berde (500en bat espezie). Tamaina askota- ilunaren arteko kolorea duena, garde- koak dira, badira alga zelulabakarrak na, zerra antzeko ertza duena. “Ulva” eta hari nahikoa luzez osatutako alga generoak morfologian berdintsuak handiak. diren hainbat espezie biltzen ditu. NEURRIAK: tamaina espeziearen Ulva psudocurrata eta Ulva rigida dira arabera aldatzen da: 40 cm luze eta ugarienak Bizkaiko itsasertzean. Izen 10-40 cm zabal edo are handiagoak arruntaz itsas letxuga deitzen zaie eta izan daitezke. Europako eta ekialdeko zenbait herri- HABITAT: hondo harritsuen gainean tan jan egiten dituzte (Ulva lactuca). bizi da, gehienez 10 metro sakon Disko itxaskor txiki baten bidez finka- diren hondoetan; udaberrian eta udan tzen da substratuan. ugaltzen da, marearteko aldea baino Ulva genenerokoak alga berdeak edo beherago, eta inoiz kolore berde bizi- klorofizeoak dira, alga motarik ugarie- ko geruza zabal-zabalak osatzen na; berdin aurkitzen dira ur gezatan ditu. 3 4 a CODIUM DECORTICATUM CODIUM DIFORME r o Hala eta guztiz ere, posi- l F blea da bereizketa egitea a t ALGAK adarkadura zonei begira- e tuz, espezie honetan a n delako zona horiek lan- u dura eta zabaldura a F nabarmenak pairatzen o k baitituzte, Codium e p tomentosum-ean iger- s a s tzen ez direnak. t NEURRIAK: 40-60 cm. I o HABITATA: ugaria da k a i gure kostaldean eta arro- t s ka gainetan edo behe mailako kubete- o n DESKRIBAPENA: maiz aurreko espe- tan, batez ere olatuetatik babestutako o ziearekin nahasten da, kolorea edo tex- lekuetan, ere aurkitzen da. D tura bezalako ezaugarriei buruzko itxu- Euskal kostaldeko alga berden artean ra orokorrak ez baititu ezberdintasunak zabalkuntza haundieneko espezietzat erakusten. kontsidera daiteke. DONOSTIAKO KOSTALDEKO ULBALAK ORDENA ETA KODIALAK ORDENA KODIALAK ORDENA CODIUM ADHERENS DESKRIBAPENA: DESKRIBAPENA: Codium diforme eta NEURRIAK: 5-15 cm. espezie honetako espe- Codium bursa izena duten hurbileko HABITATA: oso naharoa da gure kos- zimenak kolore berde beste bi espezie badaude. Biek aresti- taldetan. Litoralean bizi da lokatzezko iluneko plaka batzu osa- koaren tinkotasun berdinekoak dira. edo harezko eremualdetan eta sarritan tzen dituztenez aisa Halaz ere lehendabizikoak esfera erdi- kubetetan agertzen da. ezagutzeko modukoak ko itxurako masa txikiz osatutako dira. Delako plaka talo bat aurkezten duen bezala, horiek tinkotasun arol- Codium bursa-ren taloa bereiz- tsukoak dira eta soslai garria da diametroan 30 zm.tarai- irregularrekoak. no hel daitekeen esfera baten Bere agerpena naharoa forma duenez. Codium diforme-a da eta zaila izaten da arraroa da gure kostaldetan plaka hauek estalitako baina Codium bursa erlatiboki arroketatik ibiltzea oso sarritakoa da. Biak lehendabizi- irristakorrak direnez. koaren gisan litoralen behe lerro- NEURRIAK: 25-50 cm. tan bizi dira eta olatuetatik tokirik babestuenak nahiago dituzte. 5 6 a CODIUM TORMENTOSUM r o l F a t ALGAK e a n u a F o k e p s a s t I o k a i t s o n o D DONOSTIAKO KOSTALDEKO KODIALAK ORDENA CODIUM TORMENTOSUM DESKRIBAPENA: alga hauek mordoka Multzook ebakidura biribileko talo adar- hazten dira, multzo handiago edo txikia- katuak dira, sokaren itxurakoak, eta rnamuinak sortzen ditu eta hauek alga harrizko eta lokatzeko substratuen gai- goak osatuz. belakiaren antzeko ukitu biguna dute. sortzailetik banandu eta garatu egiten nean. Alga mota hau erraz dira). ezagutzen da bere Bere textura fieltroaren koloreagatik eta antzekoa da eta sus- soka itxuragatik. tratura gurutzaturik Alga berdeak hain- harizpi errizoidal sorta bat eratara ugatzen batez tinkotzen da. dira, ugalketa NEURRIAK: berde ilu- sexualaz edo ase- nak dira; 130 cm luze xualaz; badira izan arte hazi daitezke, gemazio txandaka- baina gure kostaldeko- tuen bidez ugaltzen ak normalean 40 cm- diren espezieak. koak izaten dira. (Gemazioa ugaltze HABITATA: urte osoan eta zatiketa prozesu aurkitzen dira sakone- sexuala da; algak ra txikiko uretan, 7 8 a CHAETOMORPA LINUM CLADOPHORA RUPESTRIS r o l DESKRIBA- F a PENA: t ALGAK gene- e ro berdinekoa a n denak, ez du u errizoiderik a F erakusten eta o k kolorea iluna- e p goa da (ia bel- s a s tza). t NEURRIAK: I o 7-12 cm. k a HABITATA: i t s behe ertlitora- o n lean banatzen o da non kasu D gehienetan epifitoa den. DONOSTIAKO KOSTALDEKO KLADOFORALAK ORDENA KODIALAK ORDENA KLADOFORALAK ORDENA BRYOPSIS PLUMOSA DESKRIBAPENA: espezie honen taloa Eskuko lupa batez argiro ikusten da adarkadurarik gabeko harizpi zurrun harizpi bakoitza zelula haundi ilada sorta batez gorpuztutako muluak osa- batez osatuta dagoela. Oinarriko zelula, tzen agertzen da. Delako harizpiek zeinaz harizpia sustratura lotzen den, kolore berde ilunekoak dira eta luzeran gainerako zelulak baino askozaz ere 30 cm.ak har ditzakete. Harizpi zurru- luzeagoa da. Jarraitzen diotenak luze- nak eta erlatiboki lodiak ran haundiagoak dira zabalean baino eta ezberdintasun hau puntara heltzen diren heinean ematzen da. NEURRIAK: HABITATA: oso arrunta da. Litoralaren goi eta erdi lerroetan bizi da, maiz hare- ak estalitako arroken gainean. Aurkitu DESKRIBAPENA: kolore berde iluna NEURRIAK: 10-11 cm. ahal da libre uretan haizebera. du eta hamar zentimetro neur ditzake. Espezie hau Ulothrix eta Rhyzoclonium Oinarri alderdian ez du adarkadurarik HABITATA: behe ertlitoralean eta generoenak diren espezietatik hauetan aurkezten, baina altura jakin batez gero behelitoraleko eremu goienetan bana- harizpiak bigunak eta oso finak direlako adar pinatu bereizgarri sorta bat ager- tzen da, normalean olatuen baitara dau- bereizten da. tzen da ardatz nagusira loturik. den tokietan. 9 10 a BLIDINGIA MINIMA ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESA r o DESKRIBAPE- l NA: F kolore berde a t ALGAK argiko eta neurri e txikiki (1-4 cm. a n Luzera) espezie u bat da. Bere a F taloa tubularra o k da eta apenas e p duen adarkadu- s a s rarik. Zimurdura t sorta bat heste- I o forme itxura k a i ematen diotela- t s rik. o n NEURRIAK: 1-4 o cm. D HABITATA: uga- ria goilitoraleko arroketan. DONOSTIAKO KOSTALDEKO ULBALAK ORDENA ULBALAK ORDENA ENTEROMORPHA LIZA DESKRIBAPENA: kolore DESKRIBAPENA: alga honen frondea bizi da eta oso arrunta da. berde argiko espezie ere tubularra da eta luzeran hogeitama- Herrialde batzutan janaritzat erabilia honen taloa tubularra eta rren bat zentimetro har ditzake. Kolore izan da hau ere. puztua da. Bere izenak berde ilun nahiz argikoa aipatzen duen hesteforme da eta Blidingia minima itxura ematen dioten hes- bezain besteko biguna eta tura edo zimurdura sorta delikatua ez. Aldamenetan bat du. Luzeran metrotik adarkadura aurkezten du, gora har dezake, Euskal batez ere oinarrialdean eta kostaldean bizi diren puntak kamutsak ditu. espezimenen ertaina azpi- Autore batzuntzat tik dagoen arren. Enteromorpha intestinalis NEURRIAK: 10-50 cm. espeziean sartua dago. HABITATA: arrunta arro- NEURRIAK: 20-30 cm. ka gainetan eta goilitorale- HABITATA: honen gisan ko zonetako kubetetan, nahiz eta zona ere agertzen den, Europako herrialde litoraleko goi zonako arro- babestuetan litoral eremuko goi zorroan batzutan janaritzat hartzen da. ka gainetan eta kubetetan 11 12 a ALGA ARREAK - FEOFITOAK r o l F a t ALGAK e lga hauek handi samarrak izaten dira Cystoseira tamariscifolia; irisatua; Taonia a batzuetan. Kelp izeneko feofito han- atomaria (adar anitzeko frondesak ditu); n A u diek 60 m baino gehiago izan dezakete. Dyctiota dichotoma, fronde dikotomikoe- a Bestalde, batzuk oso luze bizi dira: kin; Sargassum muticum, marearteko F o k Ascophyllum nodosum, esate baterako, sargazorik ohikoenetako bat, eta e p 15 urtera irits daiteke (gure kostaldean Leathesia eta Colpomenia, puxika itxura- s a nekez hazten da), baina sarritan urak koak. Laminatuak itsasertzeko behealde- s t honaino ekartzen du Bizkaiko golgotik). an ugariagoak diren arren, urak ekarrita- I o ko multzoetan eta
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