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Poster SLC Family Cards

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THE SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY CARDS Headline SLC1 SLC2 SLC3 SLC4 SLC5 SLC6 SLC7 SLC8 SLC9 High-a nity glutamate and Hexose and sugar alcohol Heavy subunits of heteromeric Bicarbonate transporters Sodium-dependent glucose Sodium and chloride-dependent Cationic amino acid transporters Sodium / calcium exchangers Sodium / proton exchangers neutral amino acid transporters transporters amino acid transporters transporters neurotransmitter transporters / glycoprotein-associated 1A 2A 3A 4A 2C 6A 6B 7A 8A hSLC7A5 hSLC1A5 SubtitlePDB: 6RVX hSLC2A3 PDB: 4ZW9 hSLC3A2 PDB: 6IRT hSLC4A1 PDB: 4YZF hSLC5A10 Swiss-Model: A0PJK1 hSLC6A4 PDB: 6DZZ + SLC3A2 PDB: 6IRT MjNCX PDB: 3V5U EcNhaA PDB: 4AU5 Involved in neurotransmission, Involved in glucose intake and Assist in the plasma membrane Regulation of cell volume, intracellu- Glucose uptake in the small intestine Promotes adipogenic di erentiation Amino acid homeostasis, NO Control mitochondrial and calcium Regulate cellular and vesicular pH metabolism, development and amino glucose metabolism. localization of SLC7 transporters. lar pH, CO uptake by red blood cells and glucose metabolism. Regulate and nervous system phenotypes. synthesis, redox balance. Some form homeostasis. Involved in apoptosis and volume. Control cell prolifera- acid homeostasis. Involved in adaptive immunity. and phagocytosis. electrical activity and cell volume. Involved in neurotransmission. heterodimers with SLC3 members. and signaling pathways. tion, growth, adhesion and migration. rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate st st Sugars: Glucose, fructose, st st st st st st st b Amino acids: Glutamate, anionic b b b b Sugars: Glucose, fatty acids, b Amino acids: Neurotransmitters, b Amino acids: most essential amino b b Ions: Sodium, potassium, lithium, u Author 1, Authoru 2,galact osAuthore, glucosamine, urate, Omega, Authoru No substrate Herbert, Authoru Ions: Bicarbonate and other ions u u u u Ions: Calcium and sodium u S S S S S S S S neutral amino acids S myoinositol, xylose myo-inositol, biotin, iodide, choline basic and neutral amino acids acids protons tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers za za Pl. membrane, za za za za za za m za Pl. membrane SLC9A[1 - 9] li m li m li m li m li m li m li m li li m Pl. membrane e e e e SLC4A[1 - 5] e e SLC6A[1 - 9] Pl. membrane e SLC7A[1 - 11] e e a a a a a Pl. membrane a a a Pl. membrane a SLC1A[1 - 7] M M M M M M M M M c c c c c c c c c ER, Lysosome, SLC2A[1 - 14] Pl. membrane SLC3A[1 - 2] Pl. membrane SLC5A[1 - 12] Pl. membrane SLC8A[1 - 4] Endosomes SLC9B[1 - 2] o o o o o o o o Mitochondria [7 - 11] [11 - 20] o Lysosomes [13-14] L L L L L L L L Keyword7 1, KeywordL Golgi, Vesicles 2,14 Keyword 3, Keyword2 4, Keyword 5, Keyword10 Vesicles 12 19 13 Mitochondria 4 Lysosomes 13 SLC9C[1 - 2] ld ease Neuro ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease Neuro ld ease ld ease ld ease o is o is o is Renal o is Neuro o is Renal o is o is Neuro o is o is Neuro F D Cancer F D Neuro F D F D F D F D F D F D F D No clan MFS No clan APC Neuro APC Respiratory APC No clan Cardio Renal Metabolic Cancer APC Renal Cancer Renal CPA/AT Cancer Immune Cardio Cardio Cancer Renal Cardio Metabolic Metabolic Orphans 0% Orphans 0%14% Orphans 0% Orphans 0% Orphans 0% Orphans 10% Orphans 23% Orphans 0% Orphans 23% Electrogenic 71% Electrogenic 71.4%7% Electrogenic 0% Electrogenic 20% Electrogenic 67% Electrogenic 95% Electrogenic 0% Electrogenic 25% Electrogenic 0% 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PMID: 14530974, 23506861 PMID: 23506862 PMID: 23506863 PMID: 23506864 PMID: 23506865 PMID: 23506866 PMID: 23506863 PMID: 23506867 PMID: 23506868, 31507243 SLC10 SLC11 SLC12 SLC13 SLC14 SLC15 SLC16 SLC17 SLC18 Sodium-bile acid cotransporters Proton-coupled metal ion Electroneutral cation-coupled Human sodium-sulfate / Urea transporters Proton-coupled oligopeptide Monocarboxylate transporters Phosphate and organic anion Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters chloride cotransporters carboxylate cotransporters cotransporters transporters transporters 9A 10A 4B 11A 7B 1D 9C 9D 13B ? NmSLC10A2 PDB: 3ZUX EcoDMT PDB: 5M87 hSLC12A4 PDB: 6KKR VcINDY PDB: 5ULD hSLC14A1 PDB: 6QD5 XcPOT PDB: 6EI3 hSLC16A7 PDB: 7BP3 hSLC17A9 Swiss-Model: Q9BYT1 Involved in cell viability, neuronal Transport of metal ions across Contribute to ion uxes across Regulate levels of citric acid cycle Associated with Kidd (Jk) blood Regulate homeostasis of neuropep- Regulate glycolysis, glucose Involved in neurotransmission, urate Transport neurotransmitters and growth, neurotransmission and cellular membranes. Involved in tissues. Regulate cell volume, Cl- intermediates. group, urea accumulation, NO tides and peptide absorption. homeostasis, insulin secretion, fatty metabolism, development and amino hormones from the cytoplasm into energy homeostasis. antimicrobial action in macrophages. concentration and blood pressure. modulation and cardiac conduction. Associated with antiviral activity. acid and lipid metabolism. acid homeostasis. secretory vesicles. rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate st st st st Mixed: Sulfate, citrate, succinate, st st st Mixed: Ketone bodies, aromatic st Mixed: Purines, drugs, monocar- st b Mixed: Bile acids and steroid b Metals: Iron, manganese, cobalt, b b b b Amino acids: Dipeptides and b b b Mixed: Acetylcholine, amine, u u u Ions: Chloride, sodium, potassium u pyruvate, oxalacetate, selenium, u Ions: Urea and urea analogues u u amino acids, thyroid hormones, u boxylates, nitrate, phosphate, Glu, u S S S S S S S S hormones cadmium, nickel, lead, vanadium chromium S oligopeptides pyruvate, lactate, creatine ATP, urate, sialic acid histamine, spermidine, spermine tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers tion bers za za za za za za za Pl. membrane za za li m li m li m li m li m li m li m li Pl. membrane m li m e Endosomes e e e e e e e e a a a a a a Pl. membrane a a a M M M M M M M M M c c c c c c c c Pl. membrane SLC10A[1 - 7] c Lysosomes SLC11A[1 - 2] Pl. membrane SLC12A[1 - 9] Pl. membrane SLC13A[1 - 5] Pl. membrane SLC14A[1 - 2] SLC15A[1 - 5] ER SLC16A[1 - 14] Lysosomes SLC17A[1 - 9] Vesicles SLC18A[1 - 4] o o o o o o o o o L L L L L L L L L Lysosomes 7 Pl. membrane 2 9 5 2 5 Golgi 14 Vesicles 9 4 ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease ld ease o is o is o is Cancer o is o is o is o is o is o is F F F F Neuro F F F Metabolic F Neuro F CPA/AT D Infectious APC D Infectious APC D Development IT D Development No clan D Renal MFS D Immune MFS D Cancer MFS D Immune MFS D Neuro Cancer Immune Metabolic Metabolic Cardio Metabolic Neuro Orphans 57% Orphans 0% Orphans 22% Orphans 0% Orphans 0% Orphans 20% Orphans 36% Orphans 0% Orphans 0% Electrogenic 29% Electrogenic 100% Electrogenic 0% Electrogenic 100% Electrogenic 0% Electrogenic 80% Electrogenic 0% Electrogenic 11% Electrogenic 0% 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PMID: 23506869 PMID: 23506870, 17109629 PMID: 23506871 PMID: 23506872 PMID: 23506873, 24055006, 11502588 PMID: 23506874 PMID: 23506875 PMID: 23506876, 31083648 PMID: 23506877, 25355561, 30846702 SLC19 SLC20 SLC21 / SLCO SLC22 SLC23 SLC24 SLC25 SLC26 SLC27 Folate / thiamine transporters Type III sodium-phosphate Organic anion transporters Organic cation / anion / Sodium-dependent ascorbic acid Sodium / (calcium-potassium) Mitochondrial carriers Multifunctional anion exchangers Fatty acid transporters cotransporters zwitterion transporters transporters exchangers 14A 7C 13A 13C 14B 7D 9B 4C 16A ? ? hSLC20A1 Uniprot: Q8WUM9 hMFSD10 PDB: 6S4M AnUapA PDB: 5I6C hSLC24A1 Uniprot: O60721 TtADP/ATP carrier PDB: 6GCI hSLC26A9 PDB: 7CH1 hSLC27A2 Swiss-Model: O14975 Involved in vitamin metabolism as Involved in the intestinal absorption Involved in bile acid / salt metabo- Involved in drug uptake and drug Involved in the absorption and Involved in skin / hair / eye pigmen- Play a role in glucose, lipid, amino Involved in cellular pH regulation and Involved in immune system activa- well as in drug uptake. of dietary phosphate. Regulates lism, drug uptake and clearance, interactions. Regulate endocytosis of distribution of ascorbic acid. tation, vision and olfaction. acid and urea metabolism. Involved in sperm maturation. tion, fatty acid uptake and function secretion of parathyroid hormone. toxin elimination and blood pressure. metal-protein complexes. ATP synthesis and translocation. in bile acid metabolism. rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate rate st st st st Mixed: Drugs, neurotransmitters, st st st Mixed: Amino acids, protons, di / tri st Ions: Formate, oxalate, sulphate, st b Vitamins: Folate and thiamine b b Mixed: Bile acids, drugs, prosta- b b b b b b Lipids: Fatty acids, linoleate, oleate, u u Ions: Phosphate and sodium u u nucleosides, steroid hormones, u Vitamins: Ascorbic acid u Ions: Calcium, potassium, sodium u carboxylic ions, Co-A, carnitine, u bicarbonate, chloride, iodide, u S S S S S S S S S glandines, hormones niacin, ions, carnitine metals, nucleotides.
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  • The Genetic Landscape of the Human Solute Carrier (SLC) Transporter Superfamily

    The Genetic Landscape of the Human Solute Carrier (SLC) Transporter Superfamily

    Human Genetics (2019) 138:1359–1377 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-019-02081-x ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION The genetic landscape of the human solute carrier (SLC) transporter superfamily Lena Schaller1 · Volker M. Lauschke1 Received: 4 August 2019 / Accepted: 26 October 2019 / Published online: 2 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The human solute carrier (SLC) superfamily of transporters is comprised of over 400 membrane-bound proteins, and plays essential roles in a multitude of physiological and pharmacological processes. In addition, perturbation of SLC transporter function underlies numerous human diseases, which renders SLC transporters attractive drug targets. Common genetic polymorphisms in SLC genes have been associated with inter-individual diferences in drug efcacy and toxicity. However, despite their tremendous clinical relevance, epidemiological data of these variants are mostly derived from heterogeneous cohorts of small sample size and the genetic SLC landscape beyond these common variants has not been comprehensively assessed. In this study, we analyzed Next-Generation Sequencing data from 141,456 individuals from seven major human populations to evaluate genetic variability, its functional consequences, and ethnogeographic patterns across the entire SLC superfamily of transporters. Importantly, of the 204,287 exonic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) which we identifed, 99.8% were present in less than 1% of analyzed alleles. Comprehensive computational analyses using 13 partially orthogonal algorithms that predict the functional impact of genetic variations based on sequence information, evolutionary conserva- tion, structural considerations, and functional genomics data revealed that each individual genome harbors 29.7 variants with putative functional efects, of which rare variants account for 18%. Inter-ethnic variability was found to be extensive, and 83% of deleterious SLC variants were only identifed in a single population.
  • Supplementary Methods

    Supplementary Methods

    Supplementary methods Human lung tissues and tissue microarray (TMA) All human tissues were obtained from the Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Tissue Bank at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). A collection of 26 lung adenocarcinomas and 24 non-tumoral paired tissues were snap-frozen and preserved in liquid nitrogen for total RNA extraction. For each tissue sample, the percentage of malignant tissue was calculated and the cellular composition of specimens was determined by histological examination (I.I.W.) following Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining. All malignant samples retained contained more than 50% tumor cells. Specimens resected from NSCLC stages I-IV patients who had no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy were used for TMA analysis by immunohistochemistry. Patients who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime were defined as smokers. Samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, stained with H&E, and reviewed by an experienced pathologist (I.I.W.). The 413 tissue specimens collected from 283 patients included 62 normal bronchial epithelia, 61 bronchial hyperplasias (Hyp), 15 squamous metaplasias (SqM), 9 squamous dysplasias (Dys), 26 carcinomas in situ (CIS), as well as 98 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 141 adenocarcinomas. Normal bronchial epithelia, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, CIS, and SCC were considered to represent different steps in the development of SCCs. All tumors and lesions were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 criteria. The TMAs were prepared with a manual tissue arrayer (Advanced Tissue Arrayer ATA100, Chemicon International, Temecula, CA) using 1-mm-diameter cores in triplicate for tumors and 1.5 to 2-mm cores for normal epithelial and premalignant lesions.
  • Role and Regulation of the P53-Homolog P73 in the Transformation of Normal Human Fibroblasts

    Role and Regulation of the P53-Homolog P73 in the Transformation of Normal Human Fibroblasts

    Role and regulation of the p53-homolog p73 in the transformation of normal human fibroblasts Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Lars Hofmann aus Aschaffenburg Würzburg 2007 Eingereicht am Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Dr. Martin J. Müller Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael P. Schön Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Georg Krohne Tag des Promotionskolloquiums: Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig angefertigt und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel und Quellen verwendet habe. Diese Arbeit wurde weder in gleicher noch in ähnlicher Form in einem anderen Prüfungsverfahren vorgelegt. Ich habe früher, außer den mit dem Zulassungsgesuch urkundlichen Graden, keine weiteren akademischen Grade erworben und zu erwerben gesucht. Würzburg, Lars Hofmann Content SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ IV ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................. V 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Molecular basics of cancer .......................................................................................... 1 1.2. Early research on tumorigenesis ................................................................................. 3 1.3. Developing