Le Tourisme Dans L'outre-Mer Français

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Le Tourisme Dans L'outre-Mer Français LE TOURISME DDAANNSS LL’’OOUUTTRREE--MMEERR FFRRAANNÇÇAAIISS DIRECTION DU TOURISME Département de la Stratégie, de la Prospective, de l’Evaluation et des Statistiques Octobre 2007 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français « Le développement touristique doit reposer sur des critères de durabilité, il doit être supportable à long terme sur le plan écologique, viable sur le plan économique et équitable sur le plan éthique et social pour les populations locales. » Conférence mondiale du tourisme durable à Lanzarote (28 avril 1995) 2 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français Table des matières Avant propos ................................................................................................................................. 4 Plan type pour chaque entité territoriale d'outre-mer .................................................................... 5 Rappel géographique..................................................................................................................... 6 Rappel institutionnel ..................................................................................................................... 7 L’application des lois et décrets dans l’outre-mer français......................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11 LA MARTINIQUE ..................................................................................................................... 12 GUADELOUPE.......................................................................................................................... 25 Indicateurs économiques ............................................................................................................. 26 LA GUYANE.............................................................................................................................. 38 LA REUNION............................................................................................................................. 49 SAINT-MARTIN ....................................................................................................................... 61 SAINT-BARTHÉLEMY............................................................................................................. 65 LA NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE ................................................................................................. 69 LA POLYNESIE FRANÇAISE ................................................................................................. 83 MAYOTTE ............................................................................................................................... 102 SAINT-PIERRE-ET-MIQUELON ........................................................................................... 112 WALLIS ET FUTUNA............................................................................................................. 120 TERRES AUSTRALES ET ANTARCTIQUES FRANCAISES ............................................. 126 Fiches thématiques .................................................................................................................... 129 Le contexte fiscal de l’outre-mer français : les investissements touristiques............................ 130 Les contrats de projet 2007-2013 .............................................................................................. 136 Contribution de l’État au plan d’action en faveur du tourisme d’Outre-Mer............................ 138 Changement climatique et outre-mer ........................................................................................ 140 Conclusion et perspectives........................................................................................................ 143 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................ 148 Tableaux récapitulatifs .............................................................................................................. 149 Le tourisme de croisière dans l’outre-mer français ................................................................... 150 METHODOLOGIES................................................................................................................. 153 GLOSSAIRE............................................................................................................................. 156 LEXIQUE DES SIGLES MENTIONNES DANS CETTE ETUDE ........................................ 157 Remerciements 3 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français Avant propos Ce tableau de bord de l’économie touristique dans l’Outre-Mer français, qui présente les principaux indicateurs de l’activité touristique, est une réactualisation de l’ouvrage « Le tourisme dans l’outre-mer français » paru en avril 2000, en mars 2001, en juillet 2003 et en septembre 2005. Les principaux résultats touristiques accompagnés de commentaires explicatifs y sont présentés pour les années 2005 et 2006. Ce document, de par sa présentation synthétique et analytique, constitue un outil de travail et d’information, qui devra être de nouveau actualisé. Il contient toutes les données disponibles liées à l’activité touristique de chacune des entités ultra-marines. Les principales caractéristiques de l’activité touristique de ces destinations seront abordées selon un plan type, présenté en page suivante, commun à chaque entité. Il convient toutefois de préciser que pour certaines destinations, tels Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, où le tourisme n’est encore que faiblement développé, la présentation est synthétique. Le manque de structures d’observation dans chaque entité territoriale ne permet pas de disposer de données chiffrées homogènes. Figurent, en outre, annexés en fin de document : - une série de tableaux regroupant les principales données sur l’activité touristique des collectivités d’outre-mer pour les années 2005 et 2006 ; - un recensement des principales méthodologies utilisées par les divers organismes d’observation du tourisme outre-mer ; - enfin, un glossaire des principaux termes techniques utilisés. 4 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français -Plan type pour chaque entité territoriale d'outre-mer Introduction - Présentation touristique générale - Principaux indicateurs économiques - Données climatologiques Fréquentation touristique - Arrivées - Typologies de clientèles - Durée moyenne de séjour - Pays de résidence de la clientèle touristique - Motifs du séjour Hébergements - Capacité totale d’hébergement - Fréquentation hôtelière - Taux d’occupation Activités portuaires et aéroportuaires - Trafic maritime - Trafic aérien Activité des entreprises touristiques - Dépenses des touristes et recettes liées au tourisme - Entreprises touristiques - Emplois touristiques 5 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français RAPPEL GEOGRAPHIQUE L’outre-mer français est constitué de neuf entités territoriales ultramarines, auxquelles il convient d’ajouter d’une part, les terres australes et antarctiques françaises (territoire d’outre-mer depuis la loi du 6 août 1955), constituées de l’île de Saint-Paul, l’île d’Amsterdam, l’archipel Crozet, l’archipel Kerguelen et la Terre Adélie. Elles sont situées dans la zone sud de l’océan Indien sur le continent antarctique, soit à plus de 12 000 kilomètres de la métropole. L’île de Clipperton, située dans l’océan Pacifique, est un atoll isolé de 6 km² dont environ 2 km² de terres émergées. Les neuf entités se répartissent dans trois zones géographiques distinctes : -L’océan Atlantique avec la Martinique, la Guadeloupe, la Guyane française et Saint-Pierre-et- Miquelon ; -L’océan Indien avec la Réunion et Mayotte, situées près de la grande île de Madagascar, au sud- est du continent africain ; -Le Pacifique sud avec la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la Polynésie française, Wallis et Futuna. -Situation géographique des collectivités d’outre-mer © Maison de la France 6 Le tourisme dans l'Outre-Mer français RAPPEL INSTITUTIONNEL Les entités françaises d’outre-mer sont caractérisées par des statuts bien distincts : Les Départements d’Outre-Mer (DOM) La Guadeloupe , la Martinique , la Guyane et la Réunion sont quatre départements d’outre-mer qui ont été créés par la loi du 19 mars 1946. Ils ont le même statut que les départements métropolitains, mais l'article 73 de la Constitution prévoit la possibilité d'adapter les textes législatifs et leur organisation administrative en raison de leur situation particulière. A la différence des régions métropolitaines, les Régions d’Outre-Mer (ROM) sont mono- départementales depuis la loi du 31 décembre 1982. Deux collectivités se trouvent ainsi superposées (département et région) avec un seul préfet mais chacune possédant son assemblée délibérante : le Conseil Général pour le DOM et le Conseil Régional pour la ROM. La révision constitutionnelle de mars 2003 et la loi organique du 21 février 2007 1 n’ont pas eu de conséquences directes et indirectes sur le statut des DOM à l’exception de deux points : − La substitution de la notion de « caractéristiques et contraintes » à celle de « situation particulière », − Le renforcement des possibilités d’adaptation des textes législatifs et réglementaires. Les Collectivités d’outre-mer (COM) Les Collectivités d’outre-mer ont été créées par la révision constitutionnelle du 28 mars 2003. Ce sont des anciens Territoires d'Outre Mer (TOM) ou des anciennes collectivités à statut particulier. Afin de « tenir compte des intérêts propres de
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