ICARDA DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS OF THE AGROPASTORAL COMMUNITIES OF WANA- M&M PHASE III
CASE OF MOROCCO
October 2006 CONTENT 1. Executive summary ______4 2. Introduction ______6 3. Background ______6 3.1 General description of the project area ______6 3.2 General description of the community ______7 3.3 General description of Rural Development Project of Taourirt Taforalt ______9 4 Development of the CDP: Concepts and methodology ______9 4.1 General description of methodology ______9 4.2 Detail of methodology ______10 4.2.1 Step I: Community characterization ______10 4.2.1.1 Secondary data collecting ______10 4.2.1.2 Introductory meeting with the community ______10 4.2.1.3 Transect and typology of the toponymic districts ______10 4.2.1.4 Drawing the mental map______10 4.2.1.5 Adapting and testing the questionnaire ______11 4.2.1.6 Implementation of the survey ______12 4.2.1.7 Development of the community map using GPS ______12 4.2.1.8 Data Analysis ______13 4.2.1.9 Restitution and validation of the community knowledge book ______13 4.2.2 Step II: Participatory Diagnosis ______14 4.2.2.1 Problems analysis ______14 4.2.2.2 Analysis of causes and identification of solutions ______14 4.2.3 Step III: Participatory Planning and programming ______15 4.2.4 Step IV: Organising the community and promotion of the local institution ______15 4.2.5 Step V: Implementation of the CDP ______15 5. Results of CDP ______16 5.1 Characterization of the Ouled Slimane community ______16 5.1.1 Highlight of the survey results ______16 5.1.1 1 Community map ______16 5.1.1.2 Thematic maps ______17 5.1.1.3 Typology of the toponymic districts ______17 5.1.1.4 Demographic and socio-economic survey ______19 5.1.1. 5 Land use and agricultural activities ______24 5.1.1.6 Rangelands ______25 5.1.1. 8 Livestock consensus and feeding ______25 5.1.1. 9 livestock marketing ______27 5.1.2 External synthesis of diagnosis ______28 5.1.2.1 Demography ______28 5.1.2.2 Climatic characteristics ______28 5.1.2.3 Agricultural activity ______30 5.1.2.4 Livestock and rangeland ______32 5.1.3 Potentialities, constraints and orientations for the strategic development ______33 5.2 Participative diagnosis ______34 5.2.1 Analyze problems ______34 5.2.2 Analysis by focus group ______35
2 5.2.3 Identifications of the constraints, causes and the solutions ______36 5.3 Participatory planning and programming ______38 5.3.1 The multi-annual development plan ______38 5.3.2 Long-term development map ______39 5.3.3 The program of annual budget ______39 5.4 Local institution ______39 5.5 Implementation of CDP ______42 5.5.1. Collaborative agreements ______42 5.5.2. Formalizing the local institution ______42 5.5.3. Implementation of development technical options ______43 5.5.4. Development of the research work plan ______44 Appendices ______45 Appendix 1: Tables of output analysis ______45 Appendix 2: Components of the PDRTT ______50 Appendix 3: Methodological sequences ______52 Appendix 4: Base data under Access ______55 Appendix 5: Thematic maps ______56 Appendix 6: Synthesis of the problems, causes and solutions ______60 Appendix 7: Tables of Participative Programming ______64 Appendix 8: Table of programming of research development ______71 Appendix 9: Medium-term development map ______72 Appendix 10: Annual budget program ______73 Appendix 11: Human and material resources ______79
3 1. Executive summary
The Mashreq and Maghreb project phase III (M&MIII) is carried out in the North East of Morocco. Its goal is the formulation of technical, political and institutional options which allow (i) reinforcing the local communities, (ii) promoting the production systems sustainability and (iii) preserving the natural resources. Its finality is to generate a Community Development Plan (CDP) capable of mobilizing the local actors around common development problems. The active participation of the population in this process is the key of the project success. It must be present during all the steps of the CDP. The multidisciplinary and inter-institutional research team defined Ouled Slimane as a socio-territorial unit. This unit represents the study area. It is located in the Gouttitir rural district (Province of Taourirt). The choice of this community is based on tow criteria: Agro-pastoral aspect of the area and the presence of the Taourirt-Tafoghalt Rural Development Project (TTRDP). The TTRDP constitutes a strategic partner of the M&MIII, especially for the CDP realization. It is an integrated project with similar objectives: (i) The improvement of the poor families livelihood and (ii) the protection of the natural resources. In this region, the rainfall records do not exceed 250 mm/year. Water resources are low and limited to the Moulouya and Za Rivers, as well as to the Taourirt tablecloth. Soils are deep in the irrigated perimeter, thin and stony in the rangelands. The production system is based on the Integration between agriculture and livestock (mainly on rangeland). To achieve the study purposes, we used a participative approach which is an iterative and dynamic process. This approach contains various interdependent stages and sequences. The first stage consists in characterizing the community. So we have: Collected and analyzed the secondary data; Presented and explained the project to the community; Elaborated the transect and carried out the production systems typology; Established the resources and the toponymic districts maps by using the GPS; Prepared, tested and adapted the survey tools; Conducted the investigation with 155 families and analyzed the data; Brought back and validated the investigation results with the population. At the second phase, we diagnosed and analyzed the problems with the community using the visualization technique. Three target groups (adults, women and young person) identified the constraints. In the third phase, some workshops were conducted to study the Feasibility of solutions proposed and to program the future actions with the community. At the last stage, the research team and the community analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the local institutions. The finality is that these organizations can themselves take care of their CDP. The achieved results are very significant. We summarize them as follows: Elaboration of the general community map and the thematic maps. Detailed description of the toponymic districts. Production systems typology: irrigated system (olive-tree, leguminous and fodder crops), cereal system and rangelands (15.500 ha). Socio-economic characterization:
4 o The population is relatively young (63% have less than 26 years). Its increase rate is 1.6%, and its density is 15.6 inhabitants / km². o The sex ratio is balanced (52% masculine, 48% female). o The agricultural equipment is relatively significant: 176 wells, 96 motor-pumps, 33 tractors and 10 trucks. o The public electricity network does not cover the UST yet. People use solar energy, gas or candles. In addition, the UST does not profit from the potable water network. o The professional organization remains weak (1 pastoral cooperative and 1 association of irrigation). The small ruminants dominate the animal flock (7370 sheep and 794 goats). They graze the rangeland and are supplemented with concentrated feed. The cattle benefit from irrigated perimeter. Because of the collective statute, people overexploit and cultivate the rangelands. The participative diagnosis allowed us to organize the problems in six blocks: 1. Basic infrastructures: Electricity, Health, potable water, Schooling, Insulation, etc; 2. Agricultural production: Water lack in summer, high production cost, production transformation problem, Absence of funding, etc; 3. Degradation of the rangelands and livestock: funding lack, Rangelands decreasing, etc; 4. Income generating activities: The absence of a collective vision, Absence of funding institutions, No valorisation of the local knowledge, etc. 5. Unemployment of young people; 6. High rate of illiteracy. After the cause analysis, the participants gathered these problems in only four categories: 1. Basic infrastructures; 2. Agriculture, rangelands and livestock; 3. Social and associative activities ; 4. Income sources diversification. For each category, the participants formulated solutions for which specialists matters examined technical and financial feasibility. To make these solutions concrete, we organized a participative planning and programming workshop which helped to make out: 1. The multi-annual development plan, 2. The long-term development map, 3. And the annual budget program. Mister the Governor of Taourirt Province will set up a monitoring-evaluation cell to carry out the CDP. This cell will specify the obligations and the contributions of each partner.
5 2. Introduction
After the completion of two phases in the Settat area (Middle Morocco), the third phase Mashreq and Maghreb project (M&MIII) cover the Eastern Morocco. The M&M III aims to develop technical, political and institutional options (TPIO) in order to reinforce local communities, promote the production systems durability, contribute to conserve the agro pastoral resources and increase well being. M&M-III adopts a participative approach in order to elaborate a Community Plan of Development (CDP). The CDP is a continuous process based on the assumption of the communities’ responsibility for their development and the mobilization of the population. The CDP determines the orientations that the community wishes to privilege in the future. It also allows the community to specify a collective vision of the future. The community development is a universal phenomenon which is used more and more and which has achieved a great success. Some communities which experienced difficult years transformed their situation thanks to process of an economic and community development where the local actors were mobilized around an approach centered on the participation of the population. This starts from the design of the development plan until its realization and implementation. The choice of the study area is based on the existence of the Rural Development Taourirt Tafoghalt Project (PDRTT). The PDRTT is considered by the M&M III as a strategic partner for the achievement of the main objective which is the development and the implementation of the CDP. The rural community concerned by this work is Gouttitir witch depends on the Regional Office of Agricultural Development of Moulouya (ORMVAM). In this community, the interdisciplinary research team defined and selected Ouled Slimane as a socio territorial unit (Community). It should be noted that this work engaged a great collaboration of various actors (Appendix 11) and stakeholders. In this report, we present the knowledge book and the problems/solutions diagnosis as well as the methodological details. 3. Background
3.1 General description of the project area
The Eastern region (ER) of Morocco extends on 82.820 Km². It represents 11.6% of the national territory. It is limited in the North by the Mediterranean Sea, in the East and South-east by the Morocco-Algerian border, in the West by the provinces of Alhoceima, TAZA and Boulmane, and in South-west by the province of Errachidia. The area includes the Prefecture of Oujda-Angad and the provinces of Nador, Berkane, Taourirt, Jerrada and Figuig. The population is about 1.918.094 inhabitants (RGPH, 2004). The ER is made of three great geomorphologic units: plains of Low Moulouya, high plateaus steppe and mountains. The climate is Mediterranean, semi-arid in the North, sub humid in altitude, arid in the Oujda-Taourirt corridor and High plateaus, and pre desert in the South. The corridor Taourirt Taforalt is limited in the West by the provinces of Nador and Taza, in the East by the provinces of Oujda and Jerada, in North by the province of Berkane and in the South by the province of Jerada. This area extends on 646.000 ha and relates to thirteen rural communes: Taforalt,
6 Sidi Bouhria, Rislane, Machraâ Hammadi, Aïn Lahjar, Tancherfi, Sidi Lahcen, Melg El Ouidane, Ahl Wad Za, Gouittitir, Mestegmeur, Sidi Ali Belkacem and Sidi Moussa. The land statute is as follows: Private (Melk): 23 % of the total surface; Collective: 40 % of the total surface; Forest field (Domanial): 37 % of the total surface. This area includes two distinct topographic units: Mountainous chains of Beni-Snassen and Horsts with sylvo-pastoral vocation and goat breeding dominating; The plains of Bouhria and Taourirt, located between the two chains, are dominated by a cultivation of cereals in dryness and an extensive ovine breeding. In these plains, small and average hydraulics are scattered allowing fodder crops associated to the bovine breeding. The climate is characterized by: Low and variable rainfall in space and time. The annual average is 250 mm in El Aioun and 190 mm in Taourirt; A very high evapotranspiration (1500 mm per year), reducing the period of crops growth to 70 days (November to February); The average annual temperature vary between 9°C in the mountainous area and 19°C in Taourirt; A hot and dry wind (Chergui or sirocco) is frequent especially in summer which affects the agricultural productions. The total agricultural surface is approximately 647 000 ha. The useful agricultural surface is 121 000 ha. Rainfall agriculture is practiced on 114 000 ha. Irrigated area is about 7 500 ha. The rangelands and the forests extend on 525 000 ha. The livestock production constitutes a significant component of the local economy. It is estimated to 244 000 sheep, 174 000 goats, 8000 bovines and 15 000 equines. The bee-keeping is quite present with approximately 1100 modern hives and 7.000 traditional ones. The livestock technique remains, generally traditional, based on the pasture of the extensive rangelands with complementation in dry period. The animal races are relatively heterogeneous. The sheep gather many races, but Beni Guil and Ouled Djellal breeding are well represented. The bovine is in 60% local race. The pure and mixed races represent respectively 19 and 21%. The population of the project area is estimated to 100 776 inhabitants (0, 4 % of the total population of Morocco). It is distributed on 14 000 households (7.2 person by household) and has a density of 15, 6 habitants/Km².
3.2 General description of the community The selection of the communities is based on the principal concept of a unit with strong social cohesion and homogeneity of space management. Moreover, the choice took into account the pastoral aspect of the community. The preparation logic of the CDP supposes working with agro-pastorals communities localized in areas with low rainfall (less than 250 mm per year). Indeed, the choice related to a cmmunity pertaining to the rural district of Ouled Slimane of CR Gouttitir classified among the areas with tribal heterogeneity and belonging to the ORMAM’s action area.
7
The historical analysis of Ouled Slimane community seems very complex because of many political and economic events which took place in this region. Various movements of people and tradesmen crossed the area. Thus, the people used this area as a passage ("road assoultan") between the cities of Fès (Morocco) and Tlemsan (Algeria). That gave a population of various origins. It is reported in literature that the area in XII century, knew the installation of two large Arabic tribes: "Bni Maakil" and "Bni Hillal". During this period, the pastors visited the southern areas (Sahra) passing through Tafilalt and Figuig. Bni Mansour (Ben Mohamed Ben Maâkil) constituted the most significant tribe of Bni Maâkil and was composed of Bni Houssain, Bni Abi El Hassan, Menbat and Leâmarna. These two last tribes resided around Taourirt and Moulouya River. They were called ‘Ahlaf' (because of alliances with Bni Abdeloued in Tlemsan and with Mérinides). At the 19th century, Ahlaf had good relations with Alaouites (Charif Ben Mohammed) and exploited grounds of Houara in Oukil on Moulouya River. They built the tents and practised agriculture by exploiting the close plains (particularly the plain of Tafrata). For political reasons, Ahlaf migrated to Kabdana for the Ben Bouziane governance period. They passed after to Houara (Guerssif), and finally they returned to Taourirt. The Isly war weakened Ahlaf and moved them back after the defeat by the Tribe of Houara. The internal conflicts increased and each part (or Farqa) imposed its own opinions. The colonization (into 1910) affected Ahlaf because their political position (sometimes with State and at other times with rebels), and imposed them an administrative delimitation. Since then, the people fixed beside Moulouya River. They profited of the small irrigated perimeter and exploited the rangelands. Currently various fractions compose the Ahlaf tribe: Ouled Slimane, Ouled Mehdi and Ghaffoula in Gouttitir, Lakrarma in Ahl Oued Za and Larba in Melg El Ouidane.
8 Ouled Slimane, case of our study, gathers two villages: Ouled Lamrini (from Merinides) and Dâanine (from Ouled El Hadj).
3.3 General description of Rural Development Project of Taourirt Taforalt The objectives of the Project (RDPTT-Appendix 2) are: The improvement of the well being of the poor families and women in the rural areas by the help of the increasing of the agro pastoral production; The protection of the environment and natural resources.
The Project takes place in a difficult area as well on natural, economic and social plans. The principal constraints are: Insufficiency of the basic infrastructures and aridity of climate which involve a significant rural migration. This rural depopulation constitutes, in addition to the dispersion of the douars (villages) and the habitat, a major obstacle for the development; Heterogeneity and multitude of social entities (tribe, CR, fraction, douar, etc.) that induce the multiplicity of the interlocutors; The disintegration of pastoral space intensifies degradation and limit interventions of development; Low agricultural productivity due to: i) an irrational use of the hydrous resources; (ii) an insufficient use of suitable technologies; and iii) a high stony load limiting the agricultural land utilization.
The components of the RDPTT are: The agro-sylvo-pastoral and hydro agricultural development ; The intensification of the agricultural and animal production; The socio economic development. 4 Development of the CDP: Concepts and methodology
4.1 General description of methodology The participative methods are founded on an iterative and dynamic approach. They are often articulated in stages interdependent and organized in sequences of logical progression of negotiation and decision making resting on the basis of established consensus. The expected products of this process reside in the emergence of a local organization, representative of all the fringes of the community, and a concerted program of development and local resources management. This program is materialized by a Plan of Participative Development (PPD). This requires the conduct of a work of facilitation and animation structured with the local communities and coordination with the various partners. The contribution of a multi-field staff is very important in developing and implementing the PPD and the contractual programs of intervention established with the representatives of the populations. Usual technical dimensions are in parallel with socio-economic and institutional dimensions. The principal stages of the participative process are presented in a practical logic of application knowing that the various stages are closely interdependent. We count practically five principal stages of the participative process:
9 O Stage I: Recognition of the medium O Stage II: Participative planning O Stage III: Organization of the population O Stage IV: Participative programming O Stage V: Implementation and follow-up-evaluation
The progression from one stage to another follows a logical advance. The importance and the duration of each methodological sequence and consequently of each stage are variable according to conditions of realization and the field experience.
4.2 Detail of methodology (appendix 3)
4.2.1 Step I: Community characterization 4.2.1.1 Secondary data collecting All the secondary data were collected in various technical departments (ORMVAM) and also in the rural community. 4.2.1.2 Introductory meeting with the community Preparatory meetings took place in order to inform and sensitize the local population and to initiate them to various steps of work and take care of the full appropriation of the project by the community, so that there is a true engagement to be ready to take part in the process. The expected result of this meeting is that the leaders and the members of the community are perfectly informed, motivated and prepared to invest in the process, and so that the local key people are identified and trained to support this process. 4.2.1.3 Transect and typology of the toponymic districts The transect supplements the map of resources bringing additional details on the environmental, economic and social resources existing in the Community. Transect gives us a horizontal profile of the various areas. It is thus about a one-dimensional map on which a line is traced which crosses the locality and which we follow to raise there all kinds of elements. The transect helps to organize and enrich space information and show the local conditions in the area. Information is collected on the basis of the direct observation. In addition to the maps and models, transect permits to describe and characterize the current situation of existing production systems. The knowledge of the latter is an indispensable condition to work out scenarios of future improvement. At the time of the exploratory visit and basing on the map of resources and on the indications of certain key people (local experts), we have chosen right lines which cross the territory of the studied communities. The route was selected in order to cross the greatest possible number of agro ecological areas, of vegetation types and modes of land use. From each significant stop, we request information on the place and its history, its use and its major characteristics. 4.2.1.4 Drawing the mental map The map of the toponymic districts is a mental map of the space of the Community according to the perception of the population. This map is of great importance in the participative process. It allows a common comprehension of space and constitutes an interface of communication and information and projection carrier of future installations. The objective of this operation is the validation of the external limits of the Community and the development of the toponymic districts map.
10
After the introduction of the project, the elaboration of the toponymic districts map is done in limited group selected among the best experts (key persons) of the space of the community.
For this, we use a topographic map with a scale in link with the size of the Community. The key people identify their space thanks to points of reference such as agglomerations, water points, relief, tracks… The facilitator has to help the key people to recall on this map the limits of the Community. After the validation of the external limits of the Community, we move to the space analysis inside the Community. The facilitator starts a semi-structured interview relating to the mode of exploitation and a brief characterization of space (the rangelands, agricultural and areas of arboriculture. This led the key people to quote local names of the micro-areas recognized by the population that we call the toponymic districts. It is preferable to gather small toponyms presenting similar characteristics in only one toponymic district. Once the exhaustive list of the toponymic districts is drawn up, we recall them on the map funds of the Community.
The delimitation of the toponymic districts is based on geo- morphological reference marks such as the rivers, the hills, the mountains, the watersheds. For a good comprehension, the facilitator must have a clear idea of the space of the Community before approaching this exercise.
At last, we carry out the handing-over clean of tracing of the toponymic districts on funds of map with a progressive validation. 4.2.1.5 Adapting and testing the questionnaire The test of the survey aims at bringing the necessary adjustments in order to correspond to the maximum of field reality and to improve the investigators performances. The socio territorial investigation is an integral part of the participative process. It will enrich the knowledge book and will be used for the population during the phase of planning programming. For the development of questionnaire, we took as a starting point the one designed for the development of the CDP of Tataouine (Tunisia, 2001). Several modifications and amendments were made at the time of the workshops in which took part the researchers of project M&M III (Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia), the executives of the PDRTT (ORMVAM and CDF, DPA Oujda and CT) and of NGO (Association MAAK). These modifications relate mainly to the shape, the organization of the headings and necessary coding. The final survey is composed of the following headings: Identification of the questionnaire: It is about the number of the questionnaire, the code, and name of the administrative and geographical localization of the Community (Name of the province, the Rural District and the douar); Identification of the Head spares: It is about the name of the head of the household, his sex, age, fraction and its principal and secondary activity; Professional organizations (co-operative, association, etc.);
11 Habitats and Buildings: This heading relates to a characterization of the habitat and farm buildings in relation to number of parts, of the nature of building materials and the source of energy and drinking water; Agricultural equipment: It is a about the principal equipment available to the household to ensure its agricultural activities (means of transport, materials of agricultural work, irrigation…); Size and composition of the herd: Food of cattle: Principal food of cattle bought and produced by the household and we consider their quantities respective; Sales of animals: Quantifying the number of heads sold per year and per category of animals; Employees: This heading relates to the number of paid labour used annually by the household (shepherds, the occasional ones and the permanent ones); Family structure: It is a question of counting all the members of the household by category of age, their situation of schooling and elimination of illiteracy; Fields of cultures: This part gathers the data relating to the lands of cultures of the household. Irrigated and not irrigated surfaces, the statute and localization of the pieces by toponymic district; in addition to their occupation (principal culture and the number of fruit trees per species); Rangeland: It is a question of enumerating the principal rangelands used, their statute, geographical localization, period and period utilization in the year and numbers animals grazing the site; Sources of watering: Types of sources of watering, their localization and the period of their use; Principal sources of income: In this heading we enumerate the various sources of income from the household; Emigration: Measuring the importance of the phenomenon of emigration within the household and the type of emigration and its importance. 4.2.1.6 Implementation of the survey The field investigation concerned 155 households of the Community. Before final working of the data base in Access form (Appendix 4), the work of seizure was carried out at the beginning with the help of software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Thereafter the seized data were exported towards the Access software. 4.2.1.7 Development of the community map using GPS This operation consists in tracing the limits of the Community by using Global Position System (GPS) tool and collecting necessary information for the characterization of space in order to specify and validate geographically the limits of the community and the toponymic districts traced with the population help. This work is done with a limited number of key people and requires tools such as: GPS, compass, mental map and map of State Major (on a scale in connection with the size of the Community). The GPS work relies on the basis of mental map which makes it easy to trace the trajectories of displacements on the field. And for a better effectiveness of work it is recommended to start with the recording of the simplest points to identify according to an accessible transect. Then, using the functions of navigation provided by the GPS (distance and orientation compared to a point recorded before) we can easily continue the statements of the other points. The minimal number of points necessary to trace the circumference of a district is according to its geometrical form but generally it is necessary to mark a point during any change of direction. The marking of a point rests upon the indications provided by the key person. And each point marked by
12 the GPS must be recorded paper with a sequence number and the metric co-ordinates (X, Y) as well as the indications relating to the land, spontaneous vegetation met and very other notices useful for the characterization of the toponymic district. 4.2.1.8 Data Analysis For the design and the development of the data base (DB), three criteria have been considered: 1. The automation and the acceleration of the data acquisition 2. The simplicity and speed of access to the data 3. Statistical analysis synthetic and varied (by Community, douar and toponymic district).
Four principal windows compose the DB: The start-up window as a Web page, describing the objective of the development of the DB, its contents and its structure; The window of the principal menu which gives access to the various functions of the DB: new data acquisition, consultations of the DB, data analysis; The input window which makes it possible to add new acquisition (households) and to make improvements for the information already gathered. The headings are organized in a way identical to the survey to avoid any confusion during the acquisition. Drop-down lists contain the choices of the possible answers witch were built-in so that the acquisition is carried out by simple click on the concerned element. The window of Consultation allows the visualization of all the data of households. In this window, the user has the possibility of preferably classifying the households according to his criterion (by douar, Community, a number of ewes, age of the heads of household, etc.) The window of Analysis allows to the user to make analysis by Community or douar or by toponymic district.
The analyses of the Community or douar relate to the following aspects: Population (by category of age and sex) Elimination of illiteracy, schooling and absenteeism (by sex) The employees (permanent, occasional Workmen and shepherds) and the emigration Agricultural Equipment Source of income Common action (membership of associations, co-operatives…) Without land and herd Land occupation Herd composition Food of cattle (bought and produced) Sources of watering Sale of animals Attended courses (a Number of heads, utilization period) The analyses on the toponymic districts relate to two principal themes: the occupation of the agricultural land and the rangelands used. 4.2.1.9 Restitution and validation of the community knowledge book The aim of this stage is to restore and validate the results of the investigation to the population and have the community feedback. For this, workshops were organized at the Community.
13 The various categories of the population were astonished by these results that show the main potentialities and constraints of their Community. In addition, we evoked undervaluation of animal manpower and incomes and also over-estimates of the household expenses.
4.2.2 Step II: Participatory Diagnosis 4.2.2.1 Problems analysis The analysis of the problems of the community was carried out by means of a "Brainstorming" with the population and by using very precise questions. The technique adopted is based primarily on visualization. The various ideas and proposals are written on paperboards and stuck on display boards. The participative identification of the constraints was made with and by three groups of the target population: heads of households (adult), women and young people. The three categories worked simultaneously. Thus before starting the identification of the problems itself, the organizers reviewed two essential aspects: I. A recall of the objectives and progress report of the study with a short presentation of the results of the preceding sequences; II. A presentation of the objective of the workshop which consists in defining clearly and really the various problems forcing the good development of the Community. In this connection, we specified a certain number of simple and fundamental rules to be used for well formulating a problem. Its aim in particular is how: a. To express the problem in a negative form; b. To present only one problem by paperboard; c. To arise real problems while drawing aside those imaginary, hypothetical and/or constituting causes or claims. That is done in order to examine and locate the good exits (solutions). The methodological process of identification of the problems passed by four phases: 1. Phase 1: enumeration of the problems giving place to a cloud of very varied problems, not ordered and concerning practically with various aspects and axes of development; 2. Phase 2: work of organization and structuring of these problems identified in blocs/categories/axes and prioritization of the latter by respecting the principle of causes and effects; 3. Phase 3: prioritization of the problems inside the blocks; 4. Phase 4: restitution and validation into plenary of the results according to the three working groups. All the products and the results of the participatory diagnosis, validated at a plenary sitting, are posted on panels. The implied participants are divided again in themes groups according to released axes of the problems. 4.2.2.2 Analysis of causes and identification of solutions In each group the problems and the causes identified and expressed as a constraining and unfavourable situation will be formulated. Resolution of problem permits to reach a situation of more favourable and positive balance. A favourable solution of the problem is the awaited result. The answers brought to the causes constitute the activities and under activities to consider (which contribute really to raise the constraints and which are in harmony with the socio-economic conditions of the community without negative impact on the environment). The researchers’ team takes care that the solutions/actions suggested give answer to certain requirements for technical feasibility. They contribute in particular by the proposal for alternatives of interventions thus creating a space of exchange and communication with the participants.
14 4.2.3 Step III: Participatory Planning and programming The results of the participatory diagnosis made it possible to release the solutions with the constraints of development. It is obvious that on this level the proposals of solutions/actions do not always constitute a realistic and feasible program especially on the financial level. In order to study the feasibility of the solutions suggested before carrying out the programming of those selected or of the new alternatives to the solutions/actions proposed by the community, several workshops and meetings were carried out: - Scientific workshop with the researchers of INRA Oujda and Settat was organized to achieve two goals: to study the solutions proposed (to retain, eliminate or reformulate) and to release the research program for the future years. - Workshop with the actors of development took place at the province of Taourirt with the participation of the Governor of the province and the DAR (Direction of the rural businesses) for the feasibility study and programming; - Workshops of restitution and validation with the population with the presence of the basic organizations of the community; - These workshops were supplemented by other meetings with the actors concerned and the population to treat the aspects studied such as agriculture, breeding and rangelands. The objective is to arrive at a consensus taking account of the local concern and the available means. After discussing the feasibility of the solutions, we have developed a multi-annual development plan with a developed vision map. Some actions needed a research programme to be solved.
4.2.4 Step IV: Organising the community and promotion of the local institution Workshops were organized with the population to sensitize it to engage in a process of fast auto- organization. The objective is that the population adopts the CDP. For that, the community was carried out to deeply discuss this important aspect. The meetings organised in this direction treated the operating modes of the existing structures to release the constraints progressively met. The awaited goal is to release strong and the weak points of these basic organizations to define the possible needs for improvement and, in the long term, to develop the spirit of initiative and autonomy of the population.
4.2.5 Step V: Implementation of the CDP
4.2.5.1 Elaboration and adoption of collaborative agreements In the objective to realize engagements of the various actors to deal with some actions, several agreements are designed to make official collaborations. The implication of the local authorities will guarantee the concretization of these agreements.
4.2.5.2 Formalizing the local institution This aspect was considered along the participative process. Because of the existence of several organization structures, our strategy was based on the optimization of the efforts around only one basic organization able to deal with and to achieve the programmed actions. The principal methodological sequences are summarized as follows: Invent the basic organization structures; Analyze attributions and operation of the inventoried organization structures Peg for improvement of the current bodies of decision-making
15
4.2.5.3 Implementation of development technical options The monitoring of the technical operations execution retained and validated by the population will be entrusted to various scales at the following committees: At the provincial level: A committee of monitoring coordinated by the Businesses Rural Division of the Taourirt Province is made up and represents the various operators intervening in the CDP implementation. This committee will take care of the following activities: o Organizing meetings of actions implementation o Monitoring agreements o Monitoring the basic organization operations o Appreciating the impact indicators o Adjusting the PCDPA and preparing for the next PBA
At the local level, the project set up an execution and monitoring committee.
4.2.5.4 Development of the research work plan The research work plan will be developed on the basis of the solutions expressing a real research need. The work plan will try to provide an answer to all the constraints which can be eliminated or at least limited by research operations. 5. Results of CDP
5.1 Characterization of the Ouled Slimane community
5.1.1 Highlight of the survey results 5.1.1 1 Community map The mental map geo-referenced by GPS in the various toponymic districts gave the following Ouled Slimane map:
Figure 1: mental map of Ouled Slimane TSU
16 5.1.1.2 Thematic maps The thematic maps are (see appendix 5): Area of the toponymic districts Production system in Community Rangeland use by toponymic district Sheep importance by toponymic district Carrying capacity by toponymic district Distribution of the cultivated area Importance of rangeland and crops
5.1.1.3 Typology of the toponymic districts A transect was realized according to variability North / West – South / Eastern. It allowed an important agro-ecological diversity. This diversity is due to the conditions of the region (geomorphology, pedology, water, stranding, and vegetation) and to the exploitation systems of the resources (farming systems, systems of livestock, systems of irrigation, and pasture systems).
Olivier en irrigué Olivier en irrigué avec cultures associées avec cultures associées Habitation en cas de jeunes plantations en cas de jeunes plantations (Daanine)(Dâanine)
Od.Telagh Mara î chage N.O Parcours S.E.
Céréales en sec Melon, fêve, (blé tendre) Fourrage (avoine, Luzerne) Figure 2: Transect Gaadat El Hamra, Chaabat El Kharouba
Three systems of production in the landscape: 1. Irrigated system characterizes the toponymic districts 1, 2, 3 and 7; 2. System based on rain cultures (cereals) met in the toponymic districts 4, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13; 3. System based on the pastorals resources marks the toponymic districts 5, 6, 9 and 14. The principal characteristics of the toponymic districts are synthesized in table:
17
Table 1: Characteristics of the toponymic districts of UST1 Toponymic district Irrigation Cereals Rangeland State of Use by not having (TC, FC) degradation right 1.Chaabat El Kharouba *** ** 0 ** 2.Gaadat Al Hamra **** ** * CF ** 3.Sahb Zrari *** **** *** CF ** 4.Sahb Echar * ** ** CF ** 5.Mabrak El Bil 0 * **** CT * 6.Gaadat El Agrab 0 0 **** CT **** 7.Jlila *** *** ** CF ** **** 8.Sahb El Ghzal ** *** * ** **** 9.Gaadat Al Gattar 0 * **** CT **** * 10.Al Fidha ** *** *** CF ** *** 11.Dkhisa ** *** *** CF ** *** 12.Sghaouin 0 *** ** CF *** 13.Timaadart * *** ** CF *** *** 14.Gleib Talgh 0 0 **** CF *** CT: Tribal Common CF: Family Common
Table 2: Description of the toponymic districts (TD) of the STU1 TD Number Characteristics Observations
System of production to dominant irrigated. Chaabat El Extension of arboriculture and 1 Significant presence of the irrigation, Kharouba The irrigation is done by from the channel or from the wells regression of the pastures. which are 25, 2, 5, and 7, respectively for Gaadat Al Hamra, Use of the cover crop in the areas of Chaabat Al Kharouba, Sahb Zrari and Jlila. cultures. The houses in the village are built out of compost; there is also Reduction in the ground water and the presence of a school in the village of Dâanine. This last is risk of salinity and loss of the soil occupied by Dâanine and Lamrinyine. fertility (precariousness of the The practised irrigated cultures are the olive-tree, the truck system) Gaadat Al farming (broad bean, melon), forage (alfalfa, oats). The irrigation 2 Hamra is made by the system of drop by drop. Obviously, the olive-tree is in full rise with a great number of pieces of young olive-trees where the culture in stage is practised (alfalfa, oats). The soil is of clay-limestone type. Signs of salinisation (semi-baccata Atriplex). While moving away from the irrigated area, one meets the zniga in the rangeland in a state of advanced degradation (presence of Sahb Zirari 3 Anabis aphylla and Peganum harmala). These pastures are exploited by both villages. The quality of the soil improves while going towards the south. There is presence of young plantation of olive-trees has side of the dispersed house. These young plantations are irrigated starting from the wells of surface of which the depth increases (> 50m). On the land level, in the irrigated area, it is the property and in Jlila 7 the others it is the exploitation in the family collective and tribal.
18 Practical extended from the cultivation of cereals on not very Sahb Echar 4 deep, silt-argillaceous soil with small slope. The use of the cover crop with passages frequent causes the System of production to dominant Sahb El Ghzal 8 impoverishment of the soil. cereal in dryness. The pastures are in very advanced degradation. Risk irreversible degradation of the natural resources (vegetation, Al Fidha 10 The cereals are practised on the best pasture, pushing back spaces of pasture in the least favourable rangeland. ground) The most degraded district is Sghaouin and Timaadart. The cultivation of cereals would be Sghaouin 11 Emergence of cultures irrigated in Shab Echar, Sahb Al Ghzal, the factor dominating of this Al Fidha and Dkhisa. degradation. Timaadart 12 Very degraded rangeland Mabrek el Bil 5 Skeletal, stony and poor soil System of production to dominant Weak vegetable cover and presence of indicating species of Gaadat Al pastoral. 6 marked degradation. Agrab Alarming State of degradation what Generally, they are plates and inclined land. will generate a very significant Gaadat Al The land statute is tribal collective type. 9 complementation and a more Gatatara Absence of irrigated cultures sedentary livestock. Gleib Talgh 13 Presence of the rain cultivation of cereals primarily with Mabrek el Bil and Gaadat Al Gatara.
5.1.1.4 Demographic and socio-economic survey (appendix 1) - Population The Ouled Slimane population is almost 1200 persons. It is made up of two Villages: Lamrinyine and Dâanine. Lamrinyine dominate the community. Figure 3: population and households in Community
Population Ouled Slimane 1198 1200 Population Ménages 849 800
349 400 155 52 103 0 Total Daânine Lamriniyine
The population is relatively young: 63% do not exceed 26 years; whereas the population of more than 60 years account for only 6% (figure below).
Figure 4: the population per classes of age
19 Classes d'âges de la population 50%
40% 33% 31% 30%
18% 20% 13%
10% 6%
0% 0 - 5 ans 6 - 18 ans 19 - 25 ans 26 - 60 ans 61 et +
The sex ratio is against 52% male (622 persons) 48% female (576 persons). It is the same for the age groups (figure below).
Figure 5: Repartition of population per sexe and age
20% 17% 17% 16% 15%
10% 10% 8% 7% 6% 4% 2%
0% Masculin Féminin
0 à 5 ans 6 à 18 19 à 25 26 à 60 Plus de 60
The average age of the heads of households is 53 years. The great majority of them (81%) exceed the 40 years (figure below). Figure 6: age of household’s chiefs
Classes d'âge des chefs de ménages
17%
23 à 39 40 à 60 38% plus de 60
45%
20
- Schooling and elimination of illiteracy The rate of schooling for population in age of schooling (6-18 years) is 39%. Schooling is higher among boys.
Figure 7: rate of schooling
Taux de scolarisation
50% 39% 40%
30% 24%
20% 15%
10%
0% Total scolarisé Masculin Feminin
In addition, the rate of illiteracy in Ouled Slimane is very high (64% of the total population). It exceeds the national average in rural world (60%). This rate is more significant among women (71%). Figure 8: rate of illiteracy
Taux d'analphabétisation
80% 71% 63,50% 56,40% 60%
40%
20%
0% Total analpha Masculin Feminin
- Habitat The houses are especially out of compost (70%) and little into hard (26%). They are made up on average of four parts with an average size of 7 persons by household. In addition, the heads of households remain during all the year on the place. Economic activities
21 Six essential activities characterize Ouled Slimane: agriculture associated with the livestock, agriculture alone, the livestock alone, occasional work (masonry or agriculture) or permanent (civil servant) and trade. Agriculture livestock remains the principal occupation of the heads of households (73%). It is followed by agriculture (8.4%) and livestock (7.7%) considered separately (figure below).
100
80 72,9
60
40
20 8,4 7,7 3,2 2,6 2,6 2,6 0 Agri-élevage Agriculture Elevage Commerce Ouvrier Fonctinnaire Autre
Figure 9: principals activities of household's chiefs
Apart from the agricultural sector, the sources of income of the households remain weak and little diversified (figure below). Indeed, secondary work is limited to occasional activities such as daily work and the trade of cattle.
100 76,8 80
60
40
7,1 20 5,8 5,8 3,9 0,6 0 Néant Ouvrier Agri-élevage Commerce Elevage Autre Figure 10: secondary activities of household's chiefs
- Labour and immigration The labour paid in Ouled Slimane is especially constituted of shepherds and permanent workmen with respectively 28 and 25 population. That occasional remains significant (5 persons by household for one duration from 7 to 10 days per year) and is used in particular in agriculture and the livestock. National and foreign immigration is weak. Only 28 population of Ouled Slimane are in Europe. It seems, moreover, that the immigrants do not return any more to their villages after the retirement. Table 3: Labour and immigration Manpower Labour - Shepherd 28
22 - permanent Workmen 25 Immigration - Main road 30 - Foreign 28 - Immigrants in retirement 0 - Infrastructures a. Agricultural equipment and buildings Ouled Slimane has relatively significant agricultural equipment: 176 wells, 96 motor pumps, 33 tractors and 10 trucks. Moreover, the majority of the households have cowshed and zribas1. Table 4: Equipment and buildings Agricultural equipment and buildings Number Average by household Car 28 0,18 Truck 10 0.06 Tractor 33 0,21 Fixed cistern 9 0,06 Mobile cistern 10 0,06 Well 176 1,13 Motor pump 96 0,62 Plough 49 0,31 Cart 27 0,17 cowshed 126 0,81 Zriba 124 0,8
b. Electricity The Community of Ouled Slimane is not covered yet by the public network of electricity. Solar energy, the gas butane or the candles constitute the principal sources of lighting (94%). The remainder of the population (5,8%) uses the electricity-generating. Figure 11: lighting sources
Sources d'éclairage
5,80% 0%
47,1%
47,1%
ONE Solaire Autre éclair Groupe Eléc
1 Left traditional sheep-fold in the open air (a space enclosed by barbed wire or braches of shrubs)
23
c. Drinking water As for electricity, the population of Ouled Slimane is not served by the public network of drinking water. The satisfaction of the households is assured mainly by the wells (95,5%) and the irrigation canals (2,6%). - Collective action Half of the heads of households adheres to the pastoral Cooperative "Mabrak El Ibil" and 28% are members of the Association of the Users of Agricultural Water "kharouba dar slimane". The professional organization is slightly presents in this Community. Figure 12: Household chief in collective organization
Appartenace du chef de ménage
50% 42% 40% 28% 30%
20% 17% 10% 10% 3% 0% Coop AUEA Assoc Conseil muni Néant
Coop: cooperative, AUEA: association for irrigation, Assoc: other association, Conseil muni: municipal council, Néant: no adhesion
5.1.1. 5 Land use and agricultural activities The Ouled Slimane farmers cultivate approximately 3100 ha in pluvial area and 700 ha in irrigated area. The cereals (barley and wheat) are in the pluvial area whereas the olive-tree, forage (alfalfa, oats) and the leguminous plants (broad beans, pea) in irrigated area.
24 4000 3074 3000
2000 703 1000
0 S1 Irrigué Bour Figure 13: cultivated area with or without irrigation (ha)
It should be noted that 41 households do not have cultivated land (13 in Dâanine and 28 in Lamrinyine). In addition, fruit trees contain mainly the olive-tree (30252 feet), the fig tree (212 feet) and the almond tree (64 feet). . Table 5: Importance of fruit trees Arboriculture plantations Trees number Olive tree 30252 Almond 64 Fig tree 212 Others Arboriculture 8174
5.1.1.6 Rangelands The pasture of the Community is estimated at approximately 15.500 ha. They produce approximately 775550 UF annually and thus allow a satisfaction of 26% of the needs for the animals. The degradation of these rangeland is a very advanced because in particular of cultivation. The pastures in their The rest of “Mabrek Al Ibil” rang majority are private, which contributes more to their degradation and their cultivation. Moreover, the only site which still keeps its pastoral identity is Mabrek El Ibil. Its collective statute is the principal reason which there remains still saved by the plough. The (PDRTT) project carried out an operation of pastoral improvement (Put in rest and plantation of Atriplex nummularia) on approximately 1400 ha. The pasture contains the species pastorals indicating of degradation: Noaea mucronata, Atractylis sp, Piganum harmal, except Mabrek Al Ibil where meets facies based on Artemisia herba alba. 5.1.1. 8 Livestock consensus and feeding The animal livestock of Ouled Slimane consists of 7370 sheep (including 3934 ewe), 794 caprine (including 596 goats) and 179 cows. The small ruminants prevail with average number by household of 25 ewes and 5 goats. The bovines are not less significant considering the existence of the irrigated perimeter. It is to be announced that 21ménages does not have animals (7 in Dâanine and 14 in Lamrinyine). Table 6: Structure of the livestock
25 Livestock Number Average by household Sheep 7370 47,55 Total 3934 25,38 Ewe Caprine Total 794 5,12 Goats 596 3,84 Cows 179 1,15* Equines 124 0,8 Rabbits 84 0,55 Poultry 1176 7,58 * Data calculated on 92 households having of the bovines The majority of the households (87%) have a small herd mother not exceeding 50 heads. On the other hand, only 4% of the hearths have a herd of more than 100 heads.
Figure 14: classes of breeders by importance of flocks (number of animal)
Répartition du troupeau mère par classes
4% 9% 22,50%
64,50%
0 têtes 1 à 50 51 à 100 plus de 100
The principal bought food of cattle is the barley, the straw and the alfalfa with respectively 6428, 3475 and 1820 quintals. The bran and the oats come in fourth and fifth places with respectively 1136 and 671 quintals. Table 7: Bought livestock food Food Bought quantities (quintal) Oats 671.76 Broad bean 240.8 Barley 6428.25 Composite food 4347.5 bran 1136.1 pulp dries of beet 499.2 Straw 3475.4 Alfalfa 1820.06 Total 18619,07
The household animal food expense exceeds 2.540.000 dirhams/year. The barley exceeds half of this expenses (55%), followed alfalfa (17%) and straw (10%). Their production on exploitation is
26 respectively 16590 and 15253 balls. The bought quantities are 17377 of straw and 8273 balls of alfalfa. By excluding the 21 households which do not have herds, the average of the expenditure by household for the purchase of food of cattle is about 18969 dirhams/year. By considering the total number of the Community animals (1622 UGB all confused species), the livestock generates an average annual expense of 1567 dh/UGB. In other term, a medium stockbreeder spends 1567 dirhams/year/bovine, 627 dh/year/equine and 266 dh/year/small ruminants. Figure 15: expenses for animal feeding (% per aliment)
Dépenses pour l'achat des aliments de bétail (en %) 3 3 7 3 10
17
55 1
Avoine Paille Luzerne Feve Orge Koudissa Son PSB
Thus, the needs in alfalfa are satisfied in majority (67%) by the local production. The purchases of the straw contribute to height of 53%. Thus, the Community is very dependent on the market, it generates 1.099.770 dh/year straw and alfalfa on the total expense estimated at 2.541.910 dh/year. The food deficit of the livestock is 27%. Needs (2960041 UF) are covered to 83% by various foods available to the Community: Pasture of the Community, estimated at approximately 15.500 ha, provide approximately 775550 UF and allow a satisfaction of 26% of the animal needs; Additional contributions (1694085 UF resulting from the purchases and the local production), contribute to 57%. 5.1.1. 9 livestock marketing During last season, the farmers sold 3255 sheep (2878 lambs and 377 ewes), 288 caprine (277 kids and 11 goats) and 63 calves. The average sale by household is of 21 sheep and almost 2 caprine.
Table 8: Sale of the livestock in the Community Livestock Number Sale into % of mother Average of sale per staff household Ewe 377 10% 2,81 Lambs 2878 21,48 Goats 11 2% 0,08 Kids 277 2,07 Cows 7 4% 0,07*
27 Calves 63 0,68*
* Data calculated on 92 households having cattle
An estimate of the prices on the market shows that the total value generated by the sale of cattle of the Community rises with 4.304.400 DH/ year, that is to say 32122dh/ year for the households having herds (134 households). In addition, it is noted that the herd mother is rather stable on the level of the STU1 since the sale of cattle does not exceed 10% compared to the initial herd mother.
5.1.2 External synthesis of diagnosis In addition to information presented above, complementary data collected on documents available can clarify more the situation of the Taourirt area (cf. map) because information on the Community is missing. 5.1.2.1 Demography The population of the region increased by 1.6% per year during ten last years, with a density of 15.6 inhabitants per km², informing about a clear immigration in the area primarily towards the urban area: Table 9: Evolution of the population in the area
1994 2004 Rate of growth
Rural district of Gouttitir 5.800 6.732 1,6%
Rural areas 29 039 35 004 2%
Taourirt Region 89875 114924 2.8%
The number of household in the district increased by 744 households in 1994 to 946 households in 2004 (2.7% per year) with 5.7 population by household. The
Pluviométrie (mm) number of hearths of the UST (150 hearths belonging to Lamrinyine and 90 171 - 200 200 - 250 250 - 300 hearths with Dâanine) decreased because of immigration at other areas in 300 - 350 350 - 400 particular the Taourirt city. These hearths are grouped around of chaâba MESTEGMER kharouba perimeter. MELG EL OUIDANE
The UST belongs administratively to the Gouttitir Rural District. The governance AHL OUAD ZA belongs to the “Ahlaf caïdat” with a Sheikh and two Moqadems. GTETER 5.1.2.2 Climatic characteristics
The rainfall in the area (92%) is low. It does not exceed 300 mm (cf. table10): 1 centimeter equals 4,716607 kilometers .
Carte de la pluviométrie annuelle moyenne The rainfall is of winter spring type for this area except for Tafrata where de l'espace projet de Taourirt
28 the rainfall is of autumn spring type. Rainfall shows a variability inter annual very significant. The coefficients of variation bordering the 40%. A tendency of rainfall decrease during the last decades is observed. Table 10: Importance of rainfall classes Annual rainfall Surface (ha) Percentage <200 12994 5% 200-250 138051 57% 250-300 72528 30% 300-350 13502 6% 350-450 5330 2%
The hydrous balance is characterized by a prolonged deficit particularly in summer. The violent winds are in April and December. The average is 5 to 6 violent winds per month. These winds exceed 16 m/s and cause significant damage in particular when they coincide with the trees flowering. The storms are observed during 20 days per year. Their frequency increases between March and October. The length growth period of Taourirt is 70 days. It is located between the end of November and the beginning of February. This area knows low precipitations and a high evapo-transpiration during the agricultural season. Thus the period of growth is too short and may allow practice cultures under optimal conditions.
100 26 90
80 19,5
70 Température moyenne 13 60
50 6,5 SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG P/ETP (%) 40 Humidité limite pour la croissance 30 0
20 (°C) moyenne Température -6,5 10 Température limite pour la croissance
0 -13 Mois
Figure 17: growth period in the region
The length growth period LGP) was also estimated from hypothetical hydrous reserve of 25 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm and 110 mm. the results show (table below) that LGP depends on annual rainfall and the hydrous reserves in the soil and that under the best conditions (decile 8) the LGP in Taourirt hardly exceeds 93 days.
29 Table 11: Length growth period in function to the hypothetical reserves LGP/ decile Levels of the hydrous reserves 110 mm 100 mm 75 mm 60 mm 50 mm 25 mm LGP-d2 (year dries) 0 0 0 0 0 0 LGP-d5 (middle year) 37 37 37 37 37 37 LGP-d8 (wet year ) 93 93 81 79 79 77
The area drought, approached by the Precipitation Standardized Index (SPI), 2 becomes more frequent in the area. Indeed, the Taourirt SPI over 68 years is around -0.03 with 46 % of the years have negative values. From 1990, the dry years became more frequent. The most severe drought was met during these ten last years (cf. graph below).
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 1931/32 1941/42 1951/52 1961/62 1971/72 1981/82 1994/95
Figure 18: Standardized Precipitation Indice in Taourirt
The frequency of the negative SPI borders the 50%, which testifies to the persistence of dryness especially during the two last decades. 5.1.2.3 Agricultural activity The water Resources are limited in the area. They are represented by: Surface resources, Moulouya and Za rivers. These two rivers supply the 3 dam with water; Mohamed V with a reserve of 411 million m3 (silt up to 50%), Hassan II with a reserve of 275 million m3 (silt up to 8%) and Machraâ Hammadi with a reserve of 10 million m3 (silt up to 88%); Ground waters of which in particular ground water of the large oasis of Taourirt.
The irrigation of the favourable areas is made by the small and medium hydraulics (PMH) on a total surface of 1.080 ha. The soil of Taourirt is of four types (cf. table22):
2 SPI represents the variation of precipitations of the average for a given period divided by the standard deviation (There is dryness when the SPI presents negative values and the intensity of the dryness is larger with the weakness of the IPS (moderate Drought from 0 to 0.99, Drought from -1 to -1.49, severe Drought from -1.5 to -1.99 and extreme Drought less than -2)
30 - The Calico- magnesia soil is penalized by their low depth and their rather high stony load. The improvement of this soil relate especially to the fight against erosion, the stones removal and a choice of cultures tolerating of the high percentages of active limestone. They are generally indicated for the cultivation of cereals; - The not very advanced soil of contribution is formed of the Co-alluvia occupying the small projecting ledges. They are often stony deposits. These soils are penalized by their stone and require consequently a stones removal for their valorisation. The intensification of the cultures is possible by the realization of suitable agricultural work. This type of soil has pastoral and cereal aptitudes. - The mountain area is characterized by the predominance of a less advanced soil of erosion on slopes and tops and contribution on piedmont and valleys; - The less advanced soils of erosion are of a poor quality and are not suited to an agricultural production. By their low depth and the presence of rock exposure, they are not very able to retain water necessary to an agricultural production. The vocation of this soil is pastoral or forest.
Table 22: Distribution and aptitudes of Taourirt soils Type of soil Surface (ha) Aptitude % Calico- magnesia soil 33403 cereal 14 Not very advanced soil of erosion 27419 pastoral or forest 11 Area of mountain 61610 pastoral or forest 25 Not very advanced soil of 121726 pastoral or cereal 50 contribution
These surfaces are occupied by pastures (140807 ha, 57,7%), forest (28301 ha, 11,6%) and a useful agricultural surface of 75010 ha (30,7%). The latter (12 ha/exploitation) is to 92% rainfall area and 71% of collective statute: Figure 19: Importance of different land statutes
The cultivation of cereals accounts for 80% of the useful Agricultural Surface (SAU), followed by arboriculture (5%) and forage (2%). The fallow is very significant in this area with 12% of the total SAU. The cereals occupy 28% and the cultivation of pasture area became a much noticed practice (often in the best soil).This phenomenon is practiced in the various pasture areas. The Gouttitir district remains the most touched (41%). The forage production is 16.330 tons whereas the cultivation of cereals is 36.075 qx. The industrial crop practised is the sweet pepper "niora" with a total production of 900 qx (following table).
31 Table 23: Productions of the principal cultures
Cereals Leguminous Forage Arboriculture Vegetable Industrial crop
Sup. Prod. Sup Prod. Sup. Prod. Sup. Prod. Sup. Prod. Sup. Prod. (ha) (qx) (ha) (qx) (ha) (qx) (ha) (qx) (ha) (qx) (ha) (qx)
32595 360752 407 32582 2767 1632841 5628 419839 439 111508 45 900
Cér. Lég. Cul. Fou. Arbo. Cul. Mar. Cul. Ind.
4% 0% 14% 16% 1%
65% Figure 20: Importance of crops productions (%)
5.1.2.4 Livestock and rangeland The tribe of Ouled Slimane related to the Gouttitir district (32.129 ha of collective grounds), has a collective territory. This area is administratively delimitated (D239-29.600 ha). The collective statute allows the tribe a collective ownership and guarantees the limits of the tribe. The area is dominated by a degraded rangeland. These grounds cover a little more half of the area and are located especially in the areas difficult and unsuitable at the cultures. More than 2/3 of the rangeland is degraded or much degraded. It represents a little more than 40% of the total surface of the area. Figure 21: Occupation of the grounds of Taourirt area
17% 6% Stipa tenacissima
3% parcours très 34% dégradés Grandes 12% cultures/Jachère Domaine forestier très dégradé Cult. 28% Irriguées/Plantations Parcours dégradé
The cultivation of pasture is very widespread in the various rangeland of the area. Gouttitir is the most touched (41%). The area of Taourirt is recognized by the pastoral livestock dominated by the small ruminants. Over the ten last years, the livestock decreased by 20 % (number passed from 11394 to 9078 total UGB). Indeed, the livestock decreased of 25 and 12 % respectively for the sheep (approximately 6836 UGB) and caprine (1482 UGB). The bovines, on the other hand, increased slightly in area (760 UGB). Equines 185 UGB moreover represents (23 horses, 65 mules and 570 asses).
32 The available food is very fluctuating according to the climatic year, practised cultures', the fallow importance and according to the pasture contribution. This availability can be estimated at approximately 15,8 million UF distributed between the principal food resources as follows: Table 24: Principal food resources of animals GTETER Forage fallow Straw pasture Forest Surface (ha) 426000 483500 9041100 5500000 375000 % 2,7 3,1 57,1 34,8 2,4
The confrontation of the fodder contributions (15825600 UF) to the total needs for the animals (21132861 UF including 98% relating to the Ruminants) shows a deficit of 5307261, (25%). This situation is corrected by the animal’s supplementation realising the frequent purchase of the barley and the bran. The animal productions found in Taourirt area are relatively diversified: Table 25: Animals productions in the region Quantity Average price Output (dh) milk 4000 tonnes 3.75 dh/l 15000000 meat 3700 tonnes 29.5 dh/kg 109150000 honey 15 tonnes 70 dh/kg 1050000 eggs 4100 000 units 0.75 dh/kg 3075000 Tease 107 tonnes 24 dh/kg 2568000 Skins: ovine 44500 units 33 dh/u 1468500 bovine 2900 units 300 dh/u 870000 caprine 9200 units 17 dh/u 156400 Total 133.337.900
5.1.3 Potentialities, constraints and orientations for the strategic development The young population of the area is in increase. The number of household follows the same pattern. Consequently the needs are increasing and the sources of income are increasingly rare. The rate of schooling for population old from 6 to 18 years is modest (the girls are favoured). The rate of illiteracy is high (more accentuated for women). Poverty is well noticed (cf chart), it is accentuated by the low potentialities of the area and the problems of the resources. Indeed, the area knows frequent drought where generating water resources are limited. The area is occupied mainly by the much degraded rangeland and forest. The collective statue is dominated by individual use and without collective obligation. The malnutrition of the livestock is frequently obliging the stockbreeders to practice supplementation along the year. The sources of income rest primarily on the livestock and agriculture. The Taourirt manpower looks for agricultural activities to provide their needs. The immigration Region and other sources of income except agriculture weak and are diversified little. The agricultural potential is interesting with the presence of the surface water resources (Moulouya and Za rivers). But one records the predominance of the cultivation of cereals as principal speculation. Arboriculture expanding continuous
33 is followed of the fodder crops. The systems of production most met are the irrigated System, the rainfall cereal System and agro pastorals System.
5.2 Participative diagnosis
5.2.1 Analyze problems The analysis of the problems was made with three groups: heads of households (adult), women and young population. For the group of the adults, several problems were mentioned by the heads of households. Considering the high rate of illiteracy in the farmers present, it was sometimes necessary that the technicians intervene to stimulate debates and discussions to point out other problems which the community saw. In a second stage, the participants gathered the problems into five blocs/categories/axes which are treated on a hierarchical basis. In a third stage, the problems are classified in a set of priorities inside each block. The results of such classification are presented hereafter: I. Infrastructures I.1. Electricity I.2. Health I.3. Drinking water I.4. Schooling I.5. Insulation II. Agricultural production II.1. Weakness of irrigation water especially in summer II.2. High cost of the agricultural production II.3. Production cost in the non- irrigated areas II.4. Problem of transformation of the agricultural production in particular the olive-tree II.5. Absence of financing II.6. Salinity of the irrigation water II.7. Marketing II.8. Weak income margin II.9. low soil fertility III. Pasture Degradation and livestock III.1. financing absence III.2. Reduction of pastoral space III.3. absence of regrouping place for the Veterinary treatment III.4. high cost of livestock alimentation III.5. Not valorisation of milk III.6. Weak margin of livestock benefit III.7. pasture Degradation IV. Generating activities of income IV.1. lack collective vision; IV.2. Absence of financing sources; IV.3. Not valorisation of the local knowledge; IV.4. diversification lack of the incomes sources V. Young population V.1. Unemployment of the young population VI. Illiteracy
34 VI.1. High rate of illiteracy
5.2.2 Analysis by focus group - Youth group In the workshop of the young population, a whole series of problems identified then structured in four categories and hierarchical as follows: I. Infrastructures/services/equipments I.1. Absence of the network of public electrification I.1. (A) Insufficiency and not generalization of solar energy I.1. (b) Problem of maintenance of the network solar energy I.2. Absence of dispensary I.2. (A) Absence of the maternity services I.2. (b) Absence of the medical personnel (male nurses) I.3. Insufficiency/absence of the infrastructures or equipment educational and teachers housing I.3. (A) repetitive Absence of the teachers I.3. (b) primary Difficulty of continuation of the post studies I.4. Absence of the daily transport of the population I.4. (A) Insufficiency of the road network between the village and Guerssif city I.5. Insufficiency of drinking water I.6. Not profit of the pastures and meetings of illiteracy elimination I.7. Absence of the cover of the portable telephones network I.7. (A) Absence of the telephony fixed network I.8. Absence of sporting and cultural infrastructures I.9. Absence of the coranic schools I.10. Absence of the leisure’s places II. Agriculture II.1. Weakness of the irrigation water flow particularly in summer II.1. (A) Weakness in the “seguias” use (low level of the “seguias”) II.2. Absence of a milk manifold centre II.2. (A) No respect of engagements in particular in the execution II.3. Absence of the financing agricultural (wells digging) II.4. Weakness of the farmers training II.5. Weakness of the income agricultural II.6. Weakness of the State grants for cattle food II.7. Absence of regrouping place of the cattle vaccination II.8. Absence of covering centre for cows and equine II.9. smallness of the irrigated agricultural surfaces II.10. Absence of alternative cultures (winter varieties) III. Associative action (Category 3) III.1. Problem of communication III.2. Absence of development associations III.3. Exclusion of the young population in the decision-making III.4. not political representation within the communal council IV. Unemployment (Category 4) IV.1. Opportunities absence of permanent work
- Women Group
35 The diagnosis of the women group problems was realized with two sub-groups of women: sub-group 1 pertaining to the village Dâanine and made of 25 women including 10 girls; the second sub-group of the village Lamrinyine with 20 women including 4 girls. The problems raised by the two groups are identified then treated on a hierarchical basis on three axes: 1. Basic infrastructure with 7 identified constraints: I.1. Electricity I.2. absence of dispensary I.4. Insufficiency of drinking water I.5. Absence of transport common I.3. Insufficiency of road infrastructure I.9. Absence of popular bath (Hammam) I.6. low cover of the mobile telephone network I.7. absence of School 2. Agriculture, pasture and livestock with two principal constraints: II.1. Absence of a milk collection centre II.2.high cost of livestock alimentation 3. Socio-economy with four paramount constraints: III.1. Unemployment III.2. Illiteracy III.3. No Professional training III.4. Absence of small projects generating of incomes
5.2.3 Identifications of the constraints, causes and the solutions After diagnosis, restitution and validation workshops, others workshops were organized to determine the problems, causes and the proposal of the solutions for the four problems blocks. The discussion proceeded in two groups: one treated axes I (basic Infrastructure) and II (Agriculture, pasture and livestock) and other discussed axes III (Social activities and associative) and VI (Diversification of the sources of income). The participation of the various regional departments (ORMVAM, Arranges Social Development Oujda, DPA Oujda, National office Drinking water Taourirt, Division Rural Businesses Taourirt, Delegation Taourirt Health, National office Taourirt Electricity, Local Authority) enriched the debates considerably. The results obtained are presented in appendix 6. We report below the solutions by component suggested by the population: Component I - Basic infrastructure Connection with the electricity public network Spreading out of the installation costs Proposal for a dispensary construction (study realized and work soon) Search for additional funds for construction residences of the doctor and male nurse Acquisition of an ambulance qualification local obstetrician Water technical study under achievement (expiry 2007) Activation of association for the follow-up of the drinking water project digging of bore hole and construction of a small dam Predisposition of the ADS to support the pupils parents association ( 50%) Permanent presence of the Director and teachers
36 Construction residences for teachers Transport for the teachers Asphalting of the road enters the Community and Guerssif (via El Agreb) Ask authorisation for common transport Predisposition of the population required the ground for the installation of the network cover of the Community by the telephony network fixed investors Search for the construction of a bath in TSU Component II - Agriculture, pasture and livestock Creation of bore hole or dam; installations of pump on Amssoun river ; To proceed to sales collectives ( association of the producers) in points of significant sales; search possibilities of early productions (alternative cultures); Search for alternative cultures and winter adapted; Collective provisioning via association or the cooperative; Creation of olive oil unit in the community (to make a request via a cooperative) and search more beneficial working levels of “Niora”; Diagnosis, distribution of the brochure specific to the cultures diseases and the possibilities offered by the service of Vegetable Protection ; To develop a program popularization adapted to specificities of the Community; Search for culture adapted and tolerant also to limestone (in the cultivated areas); To study the output in the Community and the points of possible sale and transformation; Collective provisioning via the cooperative or association; To indicate a committee of both villages to carry out the construction of the fence under the supervision of the cooperative in a place of agreement; To list the suppliers who can give to facilitate to the farmer; make the list of the possible sources; Association studies the specific projects with the supervision of M&M-PDRTT ; Elimination of the virtual limits; To limit the rate of the cultivation; Application of the law as for the collective grounds sales; Creation of the settings in rest and forage plantation; To reduce carrying capacity on the pastures by collective purchases of livestock alimentation; Rotation pastures. Component III - Social activities and associative ORMAM to carry out a program of sensitizing and formation on associative and cooperative work Integration of the young population to the associative activities and in the decision-making Experience exchange with other areas by the organization of the voyages to successful associations Effective participation and election of the qualified population regards of the bill books of AG, the promises and transparency To take the guarantees necessary for a more serious adhesion of the members of the offices and members To multiply the activities and the meetings with the members Creation of specialized clubs (culture, sport, distraction, activities female, nursery, etc.) within the association and with the assistance of the services concerned by financing and supervising
37 To envisage sessions specific to Ouled Slimane Construction of a college equipped with boarding school
Component IV - Diversification of the sources of income Supply of the basic infrastructures (electricity, drinking water…) Organization of days of sensitizing and formation Search for small credits for diversified projects Development and presentation of incomes generating projects (carpenter, rabbit livestock, caprine livestock…) with the ADS Development of contracts of partnership with investors Creation of a formation centre of dressmaking and traditional industry Activation of the role of associations and the ORMVAM in the improvement of the communication instruments To carry out a complete study of the local knowledge Creation of horses breeding centre Organization of festivities or fair for the promotion of the local activities
5.3 Participatory planning and programming The study and the checking of the feasibility of the proposals for a development are made in dialogue with the specialists exerting in different sector from regional development. The knowledge to make the latter capitalized during the former experiments largely contributed in the technical checking and to approach the costs of the operations selected. Several workshops required (see 4.2.3).The approach consists in reviewing by axis the proposals for the population solutions and the improvements reported by the specialists carried out to the initial development outline.
5.3.1 The multi-annual development plan At the end of this sequence, the results obtained after validation are: - Tables of Participative Programming presented by component (appendix 7); - Tables of programming of research development (appendix 8).
The CDP total cost is about 8025000 Dh. It is distributed among the four Technical options as follow:
Technical options Cost (Dh) 1. Basic Infrastructure 6485000 2. Agriculture, Rangeland and livestock 1125000 3. Social and associative activities 385000 4. Diversification of the income sources 30000 Total cost 8025000
The figure below shows that the basic infrastructure cost represents more than 80% of the total cost of the CDP. The main action in this option is the coverage of the Community by the public electricity network which represents 62% of the basic infrastructure total cost (appendix 7). This action will be funded by the National Office of Electricity (ONE). The agriculture, rangeland and livestock option stand for 14% of the total cost of the CDP. The action related to the pumping on Amssoun River represents 80% of the option total cost (appendix 7). This action will be funded by the ORMVAM.
38 Figure 21 bis: The total CDP cost distribution
4,8 0,37 14,02
80,81
1. Basic Infrastructure 2. Agriculture, Rangeland and livestock 3. Social and associative activities 4. Diversification of the income sources
During the meeting of Taourirt with the actors of development, association MAAK also began to contribute in the technical supervising and popularization. The reinforcement of the population participation, for the appropriation of the project actions, was well announced by the participants. After having to show the utility of this project for the area, the Governor of the Taourirt province, notes the importance of the collective responsibility as regards rural development and the collective engagement of all the actors concerned in the action plan to work out starting from the results of project M&M III This will be guaranteed by the creation of a follow-up and evaluation unit in the province by a provincial decree which will specify legal engagements and the contributions or obligations of the various partners.
5.3.2 Long-term development map The multi-annual Plan deferred on map concretizes the development vision map. This map presents the medium-term vision of the community development program (see appendix 9).
5.3.3 The program of annual budget This stage constitutes the first step towards the concretization of the actions awaited by the population. The success of the program of annual budget inspired by the multi-annual development plan will make it possible to make the implementation plan for 2006/2007 period (cf appendix 21) and will deepen the confidence established with the community. For that, precise details are required as for the exact site, the importance, the implementation calendar and the population contribution to the actions / operations selected. The presence of the development actors is determining to take account of the remarks of the population and possible problems blocking the actions realization
5.4 Local institution A workshop relating to the existing professional organizations was organized to study their operating modes and the existing constraints. The forces and the weaknesses of these basic organizations are identified. That will make it possible to define the improvement ways, to develop the initiative spirit and population autonomy.
39 The workshop realized with two professional organizations: the Pastoral Cooperative Mabrik El Ibil and Association Ouled Lamrini and Dâanine for the Agricultural and Social Development (Association ODDAS). The results show that there are four interesting organizations: Pastoral Cooperative of “Mabrik El Ibil”, Association ODDAS, Association of the Agricultural Water Users Kharouba dar slimane and Association of Horses breeders Ouled Slimane. The two first remain unanimously most representative of the population. The two others have very limited and specific roles (horsemanship for example). 1. Cooperative Mabrik El Ibil (cf. table of the weaknesses and assets below) The cooperative is created in 1997 at the request of the ORMAVM in the pastoral installation and the professional organization of the users. The contract between the two parts stipulates that the ORMAVM realize the installation and the pastoral fitting of 1400 ha (pasture rest and Atriplex plantations) in toponymic district Mabrik El Ibil. It was necessary to wait the year 2002 so that the general assembly (AG) constitutive (more than 200 participants) takes place and that the office is elected. Currently, this last account 9 members with a new president (19/11/2005). The members are 134 individuals and the cost of adhesion is 200 dh/year. In term of income source, the cooperative has a capital of 40.000 dh consisted adhesions and the costs of the pasture rest (estimated at 15.000 dh/year at a rate of 5dh/tête animal) opened with approximately 3000 heads /year throughout one 90 day. The principal constraints are: o The cultivation inside the pasture rest which results in sales of the collective ground and conflicts; o the activities of the cooperative are limited to the pasture rest use o the difficulty in assembly the population, standardizing the visions and respecting the decisions taken; o The support of the authorities and the ORMVAM is weak as regards respect of the pasture rest and prohibition of the cultivation. However, the co-operative has two great assets: o homogeneity and the rigour of the office members; o Conservation of the resources (pasture rest) against the sales and overexploitation.
40 Points of force and weakness of the Cooperative Mabrik El Ibil Presence of civil servant in the office (illegal situation) Weaknesses External initiative of creation (ORMVAM) Provisional authorization during the first 3 years of constitution Single receipts: cost of the pasture rest Dynamism of the office members exclusively in the event of dispute Conflicts between members and the latter and the office: problem of cultivation of the pasture rest The intervention of the office for the resolution of the conflicts causes tried with the members Negative appreciated role of the local authority: encourage the infringements Absence of support of the local authority towards the office for the respect of its decisions Lassitude of the members of the office Extension of the pasture cultivation: from 40 to 95 ha Confusion at the population between cooperative and political action Negative appreciation of Atriplex: cause livestock disease Some members ask for the recovery of their social shares Incomprehension of the objectives of the cooperative action Absence clear vision at the intervening in the pasture Absence of diversification of the income sources Emergence of conflicts / tried at the time of the general assemblies Regularity of the annual general assemblies Assets Democratic election of the president Election of the members of the office by universal vote Exploitation of the pasture rest by the members at the time of his opening Homogeneity and rigour of the office members Reinforcement of the communication between members Conservation of the pasture rest: 1404 ha Not valorisation of the existing collective spirit Decision-making concerted with the members and the notable ones
2. Association Ouled Lamrini and Dâanine for the agricultural and social Development. It is a recent association created in 06/12/2005 with the appearance of the National Initiative of Human Development (INDH) following the request of the authorities to benefit from the donation and actions programmed. Currently, it has a provisional authorization and counts 7 members at the office elected in constitutive assembly general to which 25 people assisted. The weaknesses and assets specific to this association are presented in the following table: Points of force and weakness specific to Association ODDAS use of association to fine policies (disturbing external people) ) Weaknesses External initiative of creation (proposal of the governor to benefit from the projects of the INDH) Relative representation of the population (1 representative by home) Absence of the final approval of creation
41 Constitution of association Assets Possibility of new office election more representative and resignation of old
Encouragement of the members to be office adhered The discussion on the process of decision-making elucidated the following points: . The statute and the rules of procedure exist and apply with respect; . Respect of the rules and the law by the office . The decision-making is done in dialogue between the office and the members and/or the notable ones; . the office which has execute the Annual meeting decisions, is often make decisions without dialogue; . The existence of ORMVAM tutelage. As for the improvement of the current situation, the participants in the workshop recommend: Organization of training sessions on the associative action and the advantages of basic organizations ( moral, financial and environmental aspect); . Elaboration of programmes and local activities of development including the female activities; . Creation of activities diversifying the income sources; . Improvement of the communication within the community; . The implementation and the follow-up of the CDP; . Integration of the woman in the associative work of the Community.
5.5 Implementation of CDP
5.5.1. Collaborative agreements In the beginning of project M&M, the team of the INRA in charge of the project invited all the regional partners with a workshop of starting. Thus, during this workshop the choice of the various TSU was jointly adopted agreement with all the partners. This Workshop was crowned by the signature of a protocol of agreement between the Project of Rural Development Taourirt – Taforalt (PDRTT) and Project M&MIII. This partnership allowed the conjugation of the means and competences for the elaboration and the implementation of the CDP in the two selected TSU. It is about the TSU concerning Ouled slimane Rural District of Guettitir (zone of action of the ORMVA of Moulouya) and the TSU concerning Skouma-Irzaine Rural District of Tancherfi (zone of action of DPA of Oujda). Taking into account the multiplicity of the actors in the development, we established some relationship with several external services and NGO to bring their technical and institutional support to us. Their presence in the workshops with the population was well appreciated by this one.
5.5.2. Formalizing the local institution In order to sensitize the community of Ouled Slimane on the importance and the role of the basic organizations and to promote the organization of the population, the meetings of sensitizing and a specific workshop for this aspect were organized. Indeed, This workshop relating to the existing professional organizations in order to study their operating modes and the existing constraints. The forces and the weaknesses of these basic organizations are identified. That will make it possible to define the improvement ways , to develop the initiative spirit and population autonomy. The workshop realized with two professional organizations: the Pastoral Cooperative Mabrik El Ibil and Association Ouled Lamrini and Dâanine for the Agricultural and Social Development (Association ODDAS). The results show that there are four interesting organizations:
42 - Pastoral Cooperative of “Mabrik El Ibil”, - Association ODDAS, - Association of the Agricultural Water Users Kharouba dar slimane, - Association of Horses breeders Ouled Slimane. The two first remain unanimously most representative of the population. The two others have very limited and specific roles (horsemanship for example). To improvement of the current situation, the workshop participants recommend: . To organize a training sessions on the associative action and the advantages of basic organizations ( moral, financial and environmental aspects); . To elaborate of programmes and local activities of development including the women activities; . To create a activities diversifying the income sources; . To improve a communication within the community; . The implementation and the follow-up of the CDP; . To integrate the woman in the associative work of the Community.
Thus, two basic structures: Pastoral Cooperative of "Mabrik El IbiL" and Association ODDAS was selected like privileged interlocutor and support of the execution of the CDP. This choice was jointly carried out agreement between the team of the project, the leaders of the community and the members of the offices of the basic organizations.
5.5.3. Implementation of development technical options The follow-up of the execution of the technical operations of development retained and validated by the population within the framework of the CDP will be entrusted to various scales at the following committees: At the provincial level: A committee of follow-up coordinated by the Division of the Rural Businesses of the Province of Taourirt, is made up and where is represented the various operators intervening in the implementation of the actions of the CDP. This committee will be in charge of the following activities: Organization of meetings in order to programming of the implementation of the actions; Follow-up of conventions of operations Follow-up of the operation of the two structures of basic organizations of the TSU Appreciation of the indicators of effect and impact Adjustment of the ACDPP and preparation of the following ABP. At the local level: A committee of execution and follow-up of the planned operations is set up. Indeed, this committee is composed of the following members:
Name Function Glibi Abdelkader President Association OLDASD* Jamri Driss Treasurer Association OLDASD Allali Mohamed Vice President Association OLDASD Fadili Mustapha Secretary Association OLDASD Karoudi Ghwaji Counselor Glibi Rachid Vice Secretary Lamin Rahal Vice Treasurer Kihl Sadouk Member Makhloufi Al Miloud President cooperative Mabrak Al Ibil Jamri M’Hamed Secretary cooperative Mabrak Al Ibil * Association Ouled Lamrini and Daânine for the agricultural and social development.
43
5.5.4. Development of the research work plan One meeting with the researchers of the Regional Centre of the Agronomic Research of Settat was organized to amend and validate the sets of themes of research identified during the participative diagnosis. The various research topics are as follows:
Set of themes Objectives Prospecting of the components of the To identify the local practices for the local product local knowledge and valorization beneficiation Aptitude of the grounds To identify spaces of adaptation of the various cultures in the 2 Community Durable management of the agro- 1. Evaluation of degradation pastoral resources 2.To evaluate the factors of degradation 3.To propose solutions of rehabilitation Development of social, environmental 1. To identify the indicators for a durable management of and economic indicators for the the RN evaluation of the impact of TIPOs on 2.Measure impact of research on the management of NR the community Study of the poverty and ways to Description of causes of poverty, typology of population improvement the economic situation and voices of improvement of incomes of population Tests of demonstration Alternative and adapted cultures Tests of demonstration Animal feeds and other aspects of control
44 Appendices
Appendix 1: Tables of output analysis
Population Name of Masculine < Masculine 1 Masculine 6 Masculine 19 Masculine Masculine > Feminine < Feminine 1 to Feminine 6 to Feminine 19 Feminine Feminine Total of total of village 1year to 5 years to 18 years to 25 years 26 to 60 61ans 1year 5 years 18 years to 25 years 26 to 60 > feminine population years years 61years Daanine 5 23 63 28 51 11 7 20 50 28 57 6 168 349 Lamrinyine 9 41 137 95 127 32 14 40 149 64 129 12 408 849
Manpower - emigration Name of village Households salaried shepherd Permanent worker Immigrate Emigrant Pensioner emigrant Occasional worker Daanine 52 8 15% 10 19% 9 17% 4 8% 0 0% 151 290% Lamrinyine 103 35 34% 29 28% 21 20% 24 23% 0 0% 592 575% total 155 43 39 30 28 0 743
Source of income Name Douar Number households Source Income Man Number Woman Number Daanine 4 Agriculture-livestock 5 1 Daanine 29 livestock 84 33 Daanine 2 Emigration 2 0 Daanine 1 Civil servant 2 0 Daanine 65 Nothing 0 0 Daanine 17 Worker 16 2 Daanine 35 Agriculture 101 7 Lamrinyine 70 livestock 179 70 Lamrinyine 11 Agriculture-livestock 23 15 Lamrinyine 81 Agriculture 237 4 Lamrinyine 2 Other 6 0 Lamrinyine 19 Worker 21 2 Lamrinyine 110 Nothing 0 0 Lamrinyine 2 Civil servant 2 0 Lamrinyine 5 Emigration 10 0 Lamrinyine 9 Trade 12 1
Commune action Name Douar Nb households Cooperative ConseilC AUEA Association Other Daanine 52,00 24,00 46% 1,00 2% 14,00 27% 2,00 4% 0,00 0% Lamrinyine 103,00 42,00 41% 3,00 3% 29,00 28% 14,00 14% 4,00 4% 155,00 66,00 4,00 43,00 16,00 4,00
45
Equipments Douar name Number households Truck Tractor Well Motor-pump Plow NB Piece stall NB Piece zriba Pickup Fixes citern Mobile Charette Texte63 citern Daanine 52 0 8 59 31 8 52 41 6 1 2 9 38
Lamrinyine 103 10 25 117 65 41 134 83 22 8 8 18 87
Households without herd and without land Douar name Without herd Without earth Daanine 7 6 Lamrinyine 14 14 21 104
Agricultural data Douar Name Irrigated Surface Rainy Surface Total Nb Olives Nb Amendiers Nb Fig-trees Nb Other trees Total
Daanine 171,00 17% 859,00 83% 1030 13337,00 99% 60,00 0% 102,00 1% 14,00 0% 13513
Lamrinyine 512,00 19% 2197,00 81% 2709 16655,00 67% 4,00 0% 110,00 0% 8160,00 33% 24929
683,00 3056,00 29992,00 64,00 212,00 8174,00
Livestock composition Douar Name Number Sheep Goat Cows Ewes Female Horses Total UB Rabbits Poultries households Goat Daanine 52 1574 13% 137 5% 50 23% 992 126 39 246,7 13% 20 344
Lamrinyine 103 5796 47% 657 25% 129 60% 2942 470 85 700 37% 64 832
155 7370
Livestock feeds Name Nb Bought Produced Total
Douar househo Bean Oat Barley Koudissa Son PSB Straw Alfalfa Straw Alfalfa Bought Produces lds Daanine 52,00 34,00 802,00 2095,00 362,00 824,0 254,0 4757,00 1468,00 4690,00 3854,00 8544 45% 10596 55% 0 0 Lamrinyine 103,00 267,00 2930,00 6476,00 507,00 2963, 994,0 12620,0 6805,00 10563,0 12736,0 23299 41% 33562 59% 00 0 0 0 0 155,00 301,00 3732,00 8571,00 869,00 3787, 1248, 17377,0 8273,00 15253,0 16590,0 00 00 0 0 0
46
Drink water sources Name Douar Periode of Collinear Dam Channels of Fixes Citern Ghdir Oued Well Poll Source utilization irrigation Daanine Summer 1 4 1 1 Daanine Winter 1 2 1 Daanine noting 52 11 12 52 10 6 11 12 Daanine Spring 2 2 Daanine All the year 39 40 34 41 40 40 Lamrinyine Autumn 1 3 Lamrinyine Summer 7 1 16 8 1 Lamrinyine Winter 12 3 3 Lamrinyine noting 103 24 32 103 21 18 31 32 Lamrinyine Spring 1 1 2 Lamrinyine All the year 59 70 61 69 71 71 Daanine Autumn 1
Livestock marketing Douar Name Number Ewes Lambs Goats Kids Cows Veals households Daanine 52 83 678 11 62 1 17 Lamrinyine 103 294 2200 0 215 6 46 Total 155 377 2878 11 277 7 63
Rangeland use by toponymic district in different villages Douar Name Toponyme Head/rang Month winter Month spring Month summer Month autumn Daanine Alfida 307 2 8 12 2 Lamrinyine Asghaouine 750 3 5 13 6 Lamrinyine Alfida 710 10 29 35 7 Lamrinyine Adkhissa 240 0 12 12 0 Lamrinyine Blad Al Aagrab 110 0 9 9 3 Daanine Bark Alibile (Mahmia) 451 16 3 0 2 Daanine Blad Al Aagrab 230 10 12 10 10 Lamrinyine Bark Alibile (Mahmia) 1660 12 10 7 8 Lamrinyine Chaabate alkharouba 2509 87 87 73 51
47 Daanine Chaabate alkharouba 727 22 36 36 22 Lamrinyine Gaadate Algattara 648 12 30 27 9 Lamrinyine Galb Atlagh 280 0 1 3 3 Lamrinyine Gaadate al Hamra 580 5 11 14 5 Daanine Gaadate Algattara 310 3 0 3 0 Daanine Galb Atlagh 20 3 3 3 3 Lamrinyine Out 340 5 11 9 8 Daanine Out 7 0 3 0 6 Lamrinyine Jlila 796 6 36 38 15 Daanine Jlila 516 11 16 21 15 Lamrinyine noting 0 0 6 0 3 Daanine noting 0 0 0 0 0 Daanine Sahb Azirari 360 3 13 21 16 Lamrinyine Sahb Azirari 1138 17 71 79 23 Lamrinyine Sahb Laghzal 180 3 4 7 3 Lamrinyine Sahb Achchare 1240 9 46 52 27 Lamrinyine Tamaadirte 410 0 1 6 3
Land occupation Toponyme Irrigated surface Rainy surface Olives Amendiers Fig-trees Other trees Adkhissa 0,00 0 9,00 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alfida 15,00 3,43 422,80 96,57 200 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 Asghaouine 0,00 0 252,00 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bark Alibile 0,00 0 41,00 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Mahmia) Blad Al Aagrab 23,00 10,31 200,00 89,69 1900 97 0 0 50 3 0 0 Chaabate 205,4 42,45 278,50 57,55 9092 100 0 0 8 0 6 0 alkharouba 0 Gaadate al 80,00 50,31 79,00 49,69 2420 69 0 0 58 2 1040 30 Hamra Gaadate 3,00 3 97,00 97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Algattara Galb Atlagh 9,00 47,37 10,00 52,63 900 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hors UST 31,45 47,33 35,00 52,67 629 9 0 0 0 0 6100 91 Jlila 84,30 21,43 309,00 78,57 3306 97 64 2 18 1 17 0 Néant 25,50 40,8 37,00 59,2 3025 100 0 0 15 0 0 0 Sahb 13,45 3,31 393,50 96,69 250 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 Achchare Sahb Azirari 151,5 22,87 511,00 77,13 3890 100 0 0 4 0 11 0 0 Sahb Laghzal 38,50 14,18 233,00 85,82 4380 81 0 0 59 1 1000 18 Tamaadirte 3,00 1,99 148,00 98,01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
48 Rangeland use by toponymic district Toponyme Head rang Average Total and average per month Winter Spring Summer autumn Adkhissa 240,00 60,00 0,00 0,00 12,00 3,00 12,00 3,00 0,00 0,00 Alfida 1017,00 53,53 12,00 0,63 37,00 1,95 47,00 2,47 9,00 0,47 Asghaouine 750,00 150,00 3,00 0,60 5,00 1,00 13,00 2,60 6,00 1,20 Bark Alibile 2111,00 111,11 28,00 1,47 13,00 0,68 7,00 0,37 10,00 0,53 (Mahmia) Blad Al Aagrab 340,00 42,50 10,00 1,25 21,00 2,63 19,00 2,38 13,00 1,63 Chaabate 3236,00 44,33 109,00 1,49 123,00 1,68 109,00 1,49 73,00 1,00 alkharouba Gaadate al Hamra 580,00 116,00 5,00 1,00 11,00 2,20 14,00 2,80 5,00 1,00 Gaadate Algattara 958,00 79,83 15,00 1,25 30,00 2,50 30,00 2,50 9,00 0,75 Galb Atlagh 300,00 150,00 3,00 1,50 4,00 2,00 6,00 3,00 6,00 3,00 Hors UST 347,00 31,55 5,00 0,45 14,00 1,27 9,00 0,82 14,00 1,27 Jlila 1312,00 48,59 17,00 0,63 52,00 1,93 59,00 2,19 30,00 1,11 Néant 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 3,00 0,00 Sahb Achchare 1240,00 53,91 9,00 0,39 46,00 2,00 52,00 2,26 27,00 1,17 Sahb Azirari 1498,00 37,45 20,00 0,50 84,00 2,10 100,00 2,50 39,00 0,98 Sahb Laghzal 180,00 60,00 3,00 1,00 4,00 1,33 7,00 2,33 3,00 1,00 Tamaadirte 410,00 102,50 0,00 0,00 1,00 0,25 6,00 1,50 3,00 0,75
49 Appendix 2: Components of the PDRTT 1. Actions 1.1 agro-pastoral actions: The protection and the conservation of an environment weakened by the succession of the dry years and accentuated by the very strong pressure of anarchistic use by the overgrazing and the clearings of the natural resources. The initiation and the development of a dynamics of effective participation of the users. To achieve these goals, the PDRTT recommends the following actions: The setting in rest of 58000 ha during two years; The plantation of 17.500 ha fodder shrubs including 8.500 ha in the collective lands and 9.000 ha at the private lands; The reseeding of 4.700 ha of rangelands; The fallow improvement on 23.000 ha; Soil and water conservation by the installation of 1.100 m3 dry stone walls; Creation, installation and equipment of 25 tanks underground to program according to the needs for the population. 1.2. Sylvo-pastoral actions: the project envisages the actions as: The setting in rest of 70 000 ha for two years; The realization of a prospective program of plantation; Thinning out on a surface of 12.000 ha; The opening of 109 km forest tracks and the construction of 3 post offices watchtowers. 1.3. Hydro-agricultural action: will have a significant role in the intensification of the agricultural development and the fixing of the rural populations by the generating activities of employment and the incomes improvement. The actions selected relate to: The setting in state of the irrigated perimeter of Za River on 2.895 ha; The setting in state of the small networks of irrigation based on the seasonal Rivers and the perennial water sources on 630 ha; The setting of the principal installations on a network existing of irrigation by spreading on 2.273 ha; 1.4. Land improvement and fruit-bearing plantation: aim to break the flagstone and to extirpate the stony blocks and consequently to improve structural quality and productivity of the soil witch has high agricultural and fruit trees potential. In this way, the project envisages a program of breaking up of 3700 ha in partnership with the recipients who deal with the collecting and the evacuation of the stone and the intensification of the fruit-bearing plantations by the retrocession of 748.000 seedlings of olive-tree and almond tree to the farmers. 2. Intensification of the production 2.1 Development of the breeding: The following actions improve the productivity: construction of 5 stud farms cattle, rehabilitation of 3 others and purchase of 3 bulls; construction of a chevrery and purchase of 320 goats and 14 rams; construction and equipment of 4 manifold centers of milk; rehabilitation and equipment of the farm of sheep selection of Gouttitir; construction of 3 fattening units: 2 sheep and 1 goat; Development of the bee-keeping through the retrocession of 500 full hives and 2.000 empty hives. maintenance of a medical state satisfying of the livestock and protection against any epidemic by the following actions: - rehabilitation of 7 pest-destroying baths, construction of 2 others and purchase of 3 mobile pest- destroying baths; - realization of a prophylactic program which must annually touch a manpower of 460.000 heads of small ruminants and treatment of the bees; - Reinforcement and equipment of the Regional Laboratory of Analyses and Research Veterinary surgeons d' Oujda.
50
2.2 Research and development, sensitizing and communication: a. Being given the insufficiency of the studies and the complexity of the ecosystem, the project proposes a new step of research - flexible and effective development. It consists of experimentation in the field in order to induce technique and social changes. This passes by the following actions: The project envisages basic studies as agro ecology, phytoecology and socio economy, and tests of technology transfer; Training of the technicians in Morocco and out Morocco. b. The support of the extension in term of information, formation and sensitizing presents a big importance in the success of the various actions especially that the project envisages innovations as agro pastoralism; protection of the natural resources and improvement of the livestock and vegetable productions. In this way, the project envisages: 288 sessions of farmers sensitizing and 72 competitions; 96 training courses inter zone, 48 out zone and 240 training courses; The installation of 3 CT and their equipment in audio-visual material; Training of the technicians in communication and 6 study trips. 3. Socio - economy 3-1- the promotion of the woman through: Training and the sensitizing of the woman for her integration in the development; The retrocession of material and equipment for the diversification of the activities and the improvement of the woman income:12 sewing machines, 6 knitting looms, 3 stitchers, 3 on throwing, 10 sets of weaving looms, 12 collective furnaces, 120 furnaces with gas, 60 solar lamps, 30.000 chicks and rabbits and 350 dairy goats. 3-2- the promotion of employment for the rural young people via: reception training of 655 young promoters; assistance for the constitution of the projects financing files for 610 candidates; Formation of support for 530 candidates and the administrative support for 430 candidates. 3-3 - the component drinking water relates to creation, equipment and rehabilitation of the water points (entrusted to the regional direction of hydraulics of Eastern, with a loan agreement binding the Equipment Ministry and OPEC): The creation of 25 wells and 21 drillings, work of AEP on 18 km and civil engineering of 62 tanks and 76 terminals fountains; The equipment of thermal pumps of 47 water points and 27 water points of manual pumps; The rehabilitation of 5 wells and 46 sources. 4. Administration and management of the project The Ministry for Agriculture is responsible for the execution of the project. The Livestock Department ensures this responsibility. The management structure of the project includes: The Directing National Committee of the Project which meets once per year with in the chair Mister the Secretary-general of the Ministry for Agriculture. This committee directs the project and defines the strategic axes of execution. The Committee Inter Provincial which meets with in the chair Mister Wali of the Region of the Eastern. This committee ensures the follow-up of the project and solves problems. The Provincial Director of the Agriculture of Oujda ensures coordination between the various actors of the project. A Project Management Unit brings assistance to him.
51 Appendix 3: Methodological sequences Recognition of the environment (step I) Precondition /Input Methodological sequences Output - general-purpose mobile Team Preliminary works - Soil maps - List stockbreeders - (EMP) - Literature available - basic Identification of the investigators survey - Maps - EMP - local resources People - Exploratory visit - significant Reference marks of local Technicians - Map of major the soil - local Nomenclatures state, compass, GPS - EMP - Person in charge for the Sensitizing of the population - Agreement in principle of work project - People resources - local and introduction of the with the community - Organization Authorities - Population project of the following sessions - Population, - EMP - Map Development of the soil - Soil map with limits and mapping by the population toponymic districts - Visit of ground - People resources - Statement GPS of the soil and - Limits of the soil and the QT EMP the toponymic districts - Visit of ground - EMP - Population Characterization of the soil - Description and typology of the and maintenance semi- QT; Results analyzes "Gender" structured "Gender" - Form of investigation - Investigators Socio-Layer Survey - a Number of surveyed - EMP households - Access, MapInfo - Keyboarders - Codified seizure of the socio- - Data base socio-layers - EMP - People resources layers surveys Seized raised cartographic Data base GPS - structured Data bases - EMP - Treatment and analyzes data - Tables of results - Thematic People resources maps - identity Card of the community - All results harmonized - EMP Development of the - Knowledge book "Knowledge book" of the community - Thematic maps and tables - Restitution of the "knowledge - "knowledge book" validated Population - EMP book" to the population
52
Participative planning (step II) Input Methodological sequences Output - Maps and tables of themes - Piloting Validation of the "Knowledge - "Book of knowledge" validated Unit of project (UPP) - Population - book" EMP - Synthesis of the secondary data - Spontaneous diagnosis - problems analysis tables UPP - Population - EMP - UPP - Population - EMP Classification of the problems - hierarchical problems - UPP - Population - EMP Restitution/Validation of the - validated problems problems - UPP and other people resources - Identification of the solutions - Tables of identification of the homogeneous Lobbies - Population - solutions EMP - UPP and other people resources - Priorization - Tables of the hierarchical homogeneous Lobbies - Population - solutions EMP - UPP /, SM and other people Development of the initial - initial development plan of resources - Population - EMP development plan medium-term - UPP and other people resources - Establishment of the - development vision soil map Population - EMP development vision map
Population organization (step III) Input Methodological sequences Output - EMP, UPP - Community - Legal Structures inventory of the - List of the basic organizations texts - Persons in charge for the basic organizations socio-professional structures - EMP, UPP - Community - Legal Discussion and analyzes - List of the basic organizations Texts - Persons in charge for the attributions and operation of with their current mandates socio-professional structures each institution - EMP, UPP - Community and leader Modalities analyze of - Description of the interest people decision-making common subjects and the decision-making methods - EMP, UPP - Community Needs for improvement of the - Comparison between of the current elements of decision- basic organizations operating and making the decision-makings - EMP, UPP - Community - Legal Developing of an - Type of organization projected Texts institutionalization approach and methods of installation of an organizational structure at the base.
53 Implementation and Monitoring-evaluation (step V) Input Methodological sequences Output - PCDPA - PBA - CO Meeting of programming of the - Dashboard - Intervention Program of implementation the EMP and the implied technicians. - Copies of CO - Cards of the technical Conventions monitoring of - Monitoring Report and qualitative routes - Monitoring sheets operations appreciation of the achievements - Monitoring evaluation sheet - basic Operation monitoring of the - Report/ratio of follow-up specifying Organization, people resources and population organization of the practical recommendations recipients - EMP structure - Logical Framework - EMP, project team Indicators appreciation of effect - Indicators appreciation of the and the community representatives and impact program performance - PCDPA - Structure (model of the PBA) - Adjustment of the PCDPA and - Adjusted and approved PCDPA - Monitoring-evaluation results of the the following PBA preparation PBA of the following year preceding exercise - EMP, - Basic organization and population
54 Appendix 4: Base data under Access
55 Appendix 5: Thematic maps
56 57 58
59 Appendix 6: Synthesis of the problems, causes and solutions Component I - Basic infrastructure Problems Causes Solutions Priorities 1.1.Absence of electricity 1.1.1. Weakness of the budget of 1.1.1.1. Connection to the public 1 (public network) the Rural District of Gtettir network 1.1.2. Dearness of the installation 1.1.1.2. Spreading out of the expenses 2 expenses of installation 1.2.Weakness of the 1.2.1. Absence of the dispensary 1.2.1.1. Proposal for a construction of 1 medical cover the dispensary (study carried out and work soon) 1.2.2. unsatisfactory Funds for 1.2.2.1. Search for additional funds for 2 construction residences of the construction residences of the doctor doctor and male nurse and male nurse 1.2.3. Absence of the medical 1.2.3.1. Acquisition of an ambulance 3 personnel 1.2.3.2. Qualification for the midwife 2 local ones 1.3.Absence of the network 1.3.1. Absence of local Community 1.3.1.1. technical study is making (end 1 of drinkable water organization 2007) conveyance 1.3.1.2. Activation of association for 2 the follow-up of the drinking water project 1.3.2. Abuse of the tablecloth 1.3.2.1. Digging of wells and 1 construction of a small stopping 1.4.Weakness of schooling 1.4.1. Weakness of the funds for the 1.4.1.1. Predisposition of the ADS for 1 satisfaction of the needs for 142 the support to the association of the students student’s parents (to 50%) 1.4.2. Weakness in teaching and 1.4.2.1. permanent Presence of the 1 2 3 education Director and teachers 1.4.2.2.Construction of residences for teachers 1.4.2.3.Transport for the teachers 1.5.Cut of the road between 1.5.1. Absence of asphalt roads 1.5.1.1. Asphalting of the road 1 the Community and (because the rains) between the Community and Guerssif Guerssif (via El Agreb) 1.6.Absence of means of 1.6.1. Absence of initiatives to ask 1.6.1.1. Request for authorization for 1 public transport for the authorization of public common transport transport 1.7.Weakness in the cover 1.7.1. Absence of the mobile 1.7.1.1. Predisposition of the 1 of the mobile network of network of telephony population to give the ground for the telephony network installation 1.8.Absence of the fixed 1.8.1. Absence of the network of 1.8.1.1. Request of the cover of the 1 network of telephony lines of fixed telephony Community by the fixed network of telephony 1.9.Absence of public baths 1.9.1 No electricity 1.9.1.1 to see 1.1.1.1 1 1.9.3 Absence of financing sources 1.9.3.1. Search for investors for the 2 construction of a bath 1.9.2 Insufficiency of water 1.9.2.1 To see 1.3.2.1 3 1.10. Absence of mill 1.10.1. Problem of electricity 1.10.1.1. To see 1.1.1.1 1
60
Component II - Agriculture, rangeland and livestock Problems Causes Solutions Priorities 2.1 Poor yield of the 2.1.1 Dryness and insufficiency of 2.1.1.1 Creation of wells or stopping 1 vegetable productions water 2.1.2 Insufficiency of irrigation 2.1.2.1 Construction and installations 1 water the Moulouya River in of pump on Amssoun River summer 2.1.3 Weak selling prices 2.1.3.1 To proceed to collective sales 1 (especially in high production period (within the framework of the producer’s ) and high charge of transport to the association ) in the significant sales market points 2.1.3.2 Looking for the possibilities of 2 early productions (alternative cultures) 2.1.4 Low used area the availability 2.1.4.1 Search of alternative and 1 irrigation water period adapted crops to the winter 2.1.5 Dearness of the inputs 2.1.5.1 Collective provisioning via 1 (fertilizers, seeds, fuels) association or cooperative 2.1.6 No transformation of olives 2.1.6.1 Creation of triturating units in 1 and hot red pepper the commune (to make a request via cooperative) and Search of more beneficial seeks for Niora 2.1.7 Plants diseases 2.1.7.1 Diagnosis, distribution of the 1 (bouhamroune, spiders and birds) informative booklets specific to the crops diseases and to see possibilities offered by the service of Vegetable Protection 2.1.7.2 To develop a extension 2 program adapted to Community's specificities Low content of organic matter in the Search for adapted and tolerant plants 1 dry area and water salinity problem 2.2 Poor yield of the animal 2.2.1 Absence of milk collecting 2.2.1.1 To study the output in the 1 productions centre to facilitate marketing Community and the possible sale and transformation points 2.2.2 Dearness of animal feeds 2.2.2.1 Collective provisioning via the 1 (barley, and alfalfa) cooperative or association 2.2.3 Absence of a centre for 2.2.3.1 To constitute a committee of 1 vaccination (no fence) both douars to make the fence in a place of agreement under the supervision of the cooperative 2.3 weak financing of 2.3.1 Access to the credits requires 2.3.1.1 To list the suppliers who can 1 agriculture in the dry area guarantees that the farmers do not give facilities to the farmers (for the irrigation) have 2.3.2 Ignorance of the financing 2.3.2.1 To list the possible sources 1 sources 2.3.2.2 Give the association the 2 responsibility to study the specific projects with the M&M-PDRTT supervision 2.4 Range land degradation 2.4.1 Rangelands use by cultivation, 2.4.1.1 Elimination of the virtual limits 1 sales and individual delimitation (Znigua) 2.4.1.2 To limit the cultivation degree 2 2.4.1.3 Application of the law as for the 3 sales of the collective grounds 2.4.2 Dryness and effect on 2.4.2.1 Creation of the rests fodder 1 vegetable cover shrubs plantations
61 2.4.2.2 To relieve the rangeland via the 2 collective purchases of animal feeds 2.4.2.3 Organization of rotary grazing 3
Component III - Social and associative activities Problems Causes Solutions Priorities 3.1 weakness of the 3.1.1 No comprehension of the 3.1.1.1 Give ORMAM responsibility to 1 associative activities associations role carry out a program of sensitizing and formation on associative and co- operative work 3.1.2 Existence of conflicts (social 3.1.2.1 Integration of the young people 1 and political) to the associative activities and in the decision-making 3.1.3 Associative work is new in 3.1.3.1 Experiences sharing with other 1 Ouled Slimane regions for successful associations 3.1.4 Problem of confidence 3.1.4.1 Effective participation and 1 election of the qualified people 3.1.4.2 Respecting of the bill books of 2 AG, the promises and transparency 3.1.4.3 To take the necessary 3 guarantees for a more serious adhesion of the members 3.1.5 Weak communication 3.1.5.1 To multiply the activities and 1 meetings with the members 3.1.6 Absence of office of 3.1.6.1 And 3.2.1.1 Creation of 1 association) specialized clubs (culture, sport, 3.2 Absence of sporting, 3.2.1 No valorization of the local distraction, female activities, nursery, cultural and distractive potentialities (in football, in etc.) in the association frame and with infrastructures… horsemanship…) the assistance of services concerned with the supervising and financing 3.3 Illiteracy 3.3.1 Not profit of the campaign 3.3.1.1 To envisage sessions specific 1 against illiteracy to Ouled Slimane 3.4 Abandonment of the 3.4.1 Absence of college and 3.4.1.1 Construction of a college 1 studies by the young people distance of the boarding school for equipped with boarding school the girls (in Taourirt)
62 Component IV - Diversification of the income sources Problems Causes Solutions Priorities 4.1.Unemployment and 4.1.1. Absence of basic 4.1.1.1. Supply of the basic 1 absence of diversified infrastructures infrastructures (electricity, drinking economic activities water…) 4.1.2. Absence of ideas of projects 4.1.2.1. Organization of workshops of 1 sensitizing and formation 4.1.3. Absence of financing and 4.1.3.1. Search for micro-credits to 1 investment sources diversify projects 4.1.3.2. Development and presentation 2 of incomes generating projects (carpenter, rabbit breeding, goat breeding…) to the ADS 4.1.3.3. Development of partnership 3 contracts with investors 4.1.4 Absence of professional 4.1.4.1 Creation of a centre of training and work centers formation in seam and craft industry 4.2.Absence of professional 4.2.1. Ignorance of the existence of 4.2.1.1. Activation of the role of 1 training training schemes of farmer’s associations and the ORMVAM in the improvement of the communication instruments 4.3.No exploitation of the 4.3.1. Absence of studies on the 4.3.1.1. To carry out a complete study 1 local knowledge Community local knowledge of the local knowledge 4.3.2. Absence of promotion or 4.3.2.1. Creation of horses breeding 1 & 2 valorization of the local knowledge centre 4.3.2.2.Organization of festivities or fair to promote the local activities
63 Appendix 7: Tables of Participative Programming 1. Basic Infrastructure Actions Loc Priorit Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Year Participation Observation y 1 2 3 Other Observation 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 9 1.1.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Hearth 27000 150 4.000.00 ONE X The The technical Community by the public munit 0 100% contribution by study carried out network of electricity y hearth for the and works in connection progress 1.1.2.1.Spreading out of the Com 2 Cancelled proposal installation expenses (solar munit plates) y 1.2.1.1.Construction of the Com 1 1 400.000 1 400.000 250 Seek of 150000 X Ground - Construction dispensary munit Dh Dh 000 Dh for according to the y Dh extension budget available - availab Search for le remainder (150000 (Funds Dh): ADS, CP, CR, of the C Area. - ethnic Convention Health Comm (equipment and unities personnel)-CR- ) Community (Funds for construction) 1.2.2.1.Search for additional Com 2 2 210000 1 375000 X Ground Search for funds: funds for construction munit Dh Dh CP, CR, Region residences of the doctor and y 165000 Council and others male nurse Dh 1.2.3.1.Acquisition of an Com 3 1 200000 1 200000 CR and NGO X - CR: charge of ambulance munit DH Dh transport and the y operation - ASS : Follow-up - See possibility of an inter-commune collaboration 1.2.3.2. Initiation of “midwife” Com 2 woman 5000 2 10000 Health X - Convention with local to the problems involved munit health - training in in the childbirth and hygiene. y 2 weeks (Taourirt, Aioun) 1.3.1.1.Realization of the Com 1 1 ONEP National X - End of study Sep technical study (drinking water) munit Program of 2006 - Beginning y Drinking Water work 2007 -
64 (100%) Duration work 1 year 1.3.1.2.Creation of an Com 1 person 2 Training - Obligation to association for follow-up and munit ensured by create a ass assumption of responsibility of y ONEP (100%) drinking water the drinking water project 1.3.1.3.Digging of collective QT1 1 Well 50000 ONEP ONEP 100% X Depends on the wells results of the study 1.4.1.1.Asphalting of the road - 1 km 100 000 15 1.500 Potential X - No study - between the Community and Dh 000 Dh Financers Request by CR to Guerssif via El Agreb (provincial C, the ministry of Region Council, Equipment (not INDH, ADS…) classified road) - Convention (Equipment, Province and CR) - Equipment (technical aid, Contribution to 30%) 1.5.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Operation not X Ground Request by CR or Community by the mobile munit very convincing Ass to IAM after network telephony y - private the establishment investment of a subscribed list. 1.6.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Operation not X Ground Request by CR or Community by the fixed munit very convincing Ass to IAM after network telephony y - private the establishment investment of a subscribed potential list.
2. Agriculture, Rangeland and livestock Actions Loc Priorit Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Year Participation Observation y 1 2 3 Other Observation 20 2 2 07 0 0 0 0 8 9
2.1.1.1 Creation of Well or QT1 1 - To see feasibility dam with the Hydraulic Basin Agency of Moulouya - to see relation with 1313 2.1.1.1 (bis) Pumping on QT1 1 UP 1 900 900000 ORMV - - - MCA X - - AUEA 10% To inform the Amssoun River 000 AM AUEA 2.1.1.2 Efficient techniques QT1 2 Use FDA Accompanimen Fil X X 60% recipients Producers visits
65 introduction of water use 40% t of the es organized by producers via for ORMVAM on of the irrigation m the pilot management ul exploitations cell (ORMVAM) ati on 2.1.2.1 To proceed to 1 X X X ORMVAM collective sales (within the accompanies the frame of co-operative) population to be 2.1.4.1 Collective provisioning organized in die via co-operative co-operative and to 2.4.2.2 Rangelands put them in direct improvement contact with the customers with insisting on the pastoral resources conservation 2.1.3.1 Search for alternative Com 1 M&M INRA X INRA will study this and adapted crops (vocation munit III aspect (2006) maps) y 2.1.5.1 Creation of triturating CR 1 UT 2 PDRT MCA x Creation of co- The granting of the unit in the commune (to make T operatives two units to the co- the request to ORMVAM) operatives will be carried out by the Local Committee with certain criteria (olive-growing surface, office, electricity…) 2151 (a) Finding ways of ORMV X ORMVAM engage “Niora” valorization AM putting the niora producers in direct liaison with the Inter Oil Company in Berkane 2.1.6.1 Diagnosis and Com 1 PDRT M&M X X X Development of development of a sensitizing munit T III partnership program (rational technical y convention route) between ORMVAM, INRA and farmers organization 2.1.7.1 Search for adapted and 1 Study M&M INRA X X To include in the tolerant plants to salinity and III Research- Limestone (in the cultivated development zones) program 2.2.1.1 To explore the Com 1 exploita ORMV Co- X Use of the milk
66 marketing possibility, munit tion AM operati manifold centre of production and the milk y (centre ve Ouled Mehdi producers organization equip wadi (either in joining ment) Za the Ouled Mehdi (acqui co-operative or to sition create a co- of the operative of Ouled vat) Slimane by reserving them a collecting vat) 2.2.2.2 To introduce fodder Com 1 TT X Constitution of a crops (barley, oats, bersim, munit committee INRA, triticale, alfalfa, mixed fodders, y ORMVAM and shrubs, cactus, etc.) MAAK association to identify the technology transfer experiments 2.2.2.3 Valorization of the by- 2 X products (straw treatment, feed block) 2.2.3.1 Construction of the 3 See X With the load fence (committee of both contribution of of the douars of Community) ADS population 2.3.1.1 To show the subsidy 1 Commu ORMV CRCA X ORMVAM with opportunities (State, Region, nity AM CRCA organize Agencies, etc.) produc symposium for the ers producers on offered opportunities 2.4.1.1 Sensitizing of the Com 1 Stockbr 25 500 125000 ORMV INRA M&MIII CR X X X 9 meetings of population on the natural munit eeders 0 AM sensitizing and a resources conservation and on y visit sharing experience visits 2.4.1.3 Proposal for a diagram Past 2 Study 100000 M&MIII X To considerate the to improve the natural oral socio-economic, resources current QT environmental and management with the legal aspects population implementing in the rangeland management 2.4.2.1 Rangelands Past 3 4000 200? 800 PDRT CR X X X Management/ Committee rehabilitation (rest, fodder oral 000 T maintenance ORMVA and INRA plantations, rotary pastures, QT by the co- to fix the alley-cropping…) operative management operations
3. Social and associative activities
67 Actions Loc Priorit Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Year Participation Observation y 1 2 3 Other Observation 20 2 2 07 0 0 0 0 8 9
3.1.1.1.Construction of the Com 1 m 500 100 50.000 ME ADS X - ADS after study school fence munit 50% of the file - y Remainder to be sought (Ass parents pupils, Foundation Med V, C Region, Provincial Council …) 3.1.1.2.School supplies Com 1 Kit 200 50 10.000 to ME See with the X Privilege the munit to 30.000 beneficial ones children of the 1st y 100 and other year if the amount givers (Ass is weak parent’s pupils, Foundation Med V, C Region, C Provincial…) 3.1.2.1.To solve the teachers Com 1 Housin 100 000 1 100 000 ME Possibility of X Alternative instability problem (residences munit g 100% programming of solution: use of in-situ) y this action in school transport the nearest programmed soon education (study in progress) budget 3.1.2.2.Sensitizing and make Com 2 Parents ME X Partner of responsible the population on munit of 100% sensitizing the role of schooling y pupils (Education, Local Authority, CR) 3.2.1.1. Authorization for public Com 1 line 1 X -Transport line transport munit intra communal in y progress. - CR: make request to the ministry. - Provincial commission opinion. 3.3.1.1 To make a sensitizing Com 1 Person 500 30 15.000 ORMV INRA- ODEC Suppor X By treating the and formation program munit AM trainin O- t of technical, especially for the association y 100% g trainin ADS administrative,
68 and the co-operative offices g countable and members legal sides 3.3.1.2 Experience sharing Com 2 Person 1000 30 30.000 ORMV X with other successful munit AM100 associations (visits/travels) y % 3.3.2.1 Integration of the Com 1 X X X Role of the Permanent young people to the munit local sensitizing on associative activities and in the y organizations these subjects and decision-making the local 3.3.3.1 effective Participation authorities and and election of the qualified ODECO roles. people 3.3.3.2 Respect of the bill books of AG, promise and transparency 3.3.4.1 To multiply the activities and meetings with the members 3.3.5.1 And 3.4.1.1 QT1 1 Centre 160000 1 160000 ORMV X - Room intended Construction of office for the Dh Dh AM for female activities association with various rooms 100% with possibility of (culture, sport, female extension towards activities, distraction, nursery, other activities etc.) 3.5.1.1 To envisage specific Com 1 Person Educat E Support: National sessions of fight against the munit ion nd help and other illiteracy y 100% of partners 06 3.6.1.1 Construction of a Com 1 1 No feasible college equipped with boarding munit according to the school y standards, but school transport remains the alternative 3.7.1.1.Search for investors to Com 1 Bath 1 To estimate the X Requirement in build a bath in the middle of munit cost for electricity network the village y possible private investments 3.7.2.1.Search for investors for Com 2 Mill 1 To estimate the X Requirement in a mill construction munit cost for electricity network y possible private investments
4. Diversification of the income sources Actions Loc Priorit Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Year Participation Observation
69 y 1 2 3 Other Observation 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 9 4.1.1.1.To make available Com 1 ONE ONEP X Requiring electricity and drinking water to munit electricity and create economic activities y drinking water (see actions 1111 and 1313) 4.1.2.1.Organization of days of Com 1 Person 1000 30 30.000 ORMV OFPT Suppor X Request formulated sensitizing and specific training munit AM T t ADS by association and 4.1.4.1 Make contact with y organization OFPTT for in-situ training (seam and craft industry) 4.1.2.2. Presentation of Com 2 Person requests for X Preparation of the income generating projects munit financing to: proposals (joinery, rabbit breeding, and y ORMVAM, goat breeding…) ADS, ANAPEC, KARAMA, AMANA 4.1.3.1. Search for micro- Com 1 2 Person X X X Formulating of credits for diversified projects munit projects 4.1.3.2.Identification of y investors and development of partnership contracts 4.2.1.1.Identification of Com 1 Study 1 M&M X Receptivity Valorization of the knowledge and specific munit III local knowledge practices (local knowledge y 100% towards incomes study ) activities generating 4.2.1.2.Creation of stud farm Com 2 Station 1 See possibility with (horses) munit REGIONAL STUD y FARM 4.2.1.3.Participation in the Com 3 Person ORMV Stud Travel after the regional festivities and fairs munit AM farm local knowledge y study ABREVIATIONS ADO: Eastern Development Agency ADS: Social Development Agency ANAPEC: National Promotion Agency of Employment and Competences ASS: Association ANOC: National Association of Sheep and Goats AG: Genetic improvement CP: Provincial Council CR: Council of the Area CRCA: Regional Case of Agricultural Credit C: Council CT: Work Centre CR: Rural District DPA: Provincial Direction of Agriculture FDA: Agricultural Development Funds IAM: Itissalat Al Maghreb (Morocco Telecom) INRA: National Institute of the Agronomic Research INDH: National Initiative of Human Development Laboratory: Regional Laboratory of Veterinary Analysis MCA: "Millennium Account Challenge" ONEP: Drinking Water National Office ONE: National Office of Electricity OFFPT: Office of professional Training and Promotion of Employment ODECO: Co-operation Development Office NGO: Non Governmental Organization PDRTT: Taourirt Tafoghalt Rural Development Project PNRR: National Program of Rural Roads Community: Socio-Territorial Unit ORMVAM: Regional Office Agricultural Development of Moulouya
70 Appendix 8: Table of programming of research development Field Set of themes Objectives Equip with conditions of period Observations responsible research realization Sociology / rangeland Prospecting of the 1. To identify the local NASSIF, ACHERKOUK, Survey with categories 1 year More detail will be use components of the local practices for the local SNAÎBI of population and discussed after knowledge and valorization product beneficiation BOUAYAD organization / Marketing of local productions Agro-ecology Aptitude of the land To identify spaces of BENAOUDA MAHYOU 1. Method FAO 2.Data 1 year More detail will be adaptation of the MIMOUNI grounds 3.Data climate. discussed after various cultures MOUSSADEK EL MZOURI Environment Durable management of the 1. Evaluation of MAHYOU Vehicle VTT and tools 2 years More detail will be agro-pastoral resources degradation 2.To ACHERKOUK of vegetal measures discussed after evaluate the factors of MAATOUGUI BEDRI and maps- organization degradation 3.To MIMOUNI EL MZOURI of use implication of propose solutions of authority rehabilitation Socio-economy and Development of social, 1. To identify the BOUGHLALA LAAMARI Relationships with all 2 years More detail will be Environment environmental and indicators for a durable BECHCHARI development actors and discussed after economic indicators for the management of the RN EL KOUDRIM researchers evaluation of the impact of 2.Measure impact of implementing TIPOs TIPOs on the community research on the management of NR Socio-economy Study of the poverty and Description of causes of Analysis of different 2 years More detail will be ways to improvement the poverty, typology of BECHCHARI situations of population discussed after economic situation of population and voices of BOUAYAD incomes and resources population improvement of SNAIBI use with local authority incomes BENHAFOUN and population Agriculture Tests of demonstration - Alternative and ACHERKOUK Tools and exploitation 2 years More detail will be adapted cultures BOUAYAD to do experimentation discussed after - Anti-erosion techniques Animal production Tests of demonstration - Animal feeding ACHERKOUK Tools and exploitation 2 years More detail will be - Diagnosis of goats BECHCHARI to do experimentation discussed after mortality reasons
71
Appendix 9: Medium-term development map
72
Appendix 10: Annual budget program 1. Basic Infrastructure Actions Loc Priorit Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Participation Observation y 1 2 3 Other Observation 1.1.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Hearth 27000 150 4.000.00 ONE The The technical Community by the public munit 0 100% contribution by study carried out network of electricity y hearth for the and works in connection progress 1.1.2.1.Spreading out of the Com 2 Cancelled proposal installation expenses (solar munit plates) y 1.2.1.1.Construction of the Com 1 1 400.000 1 400.000 250 Seek of 150000 Ground - Construction dispensary munit Dh Dh 000 Dh for according to the y Dh extension budget available - availab Search for le remainder (150000 (Funds Dh): ADS, CP, CR, of the C Area. - ethnic Convention Health Comm (equipment and unities personnel)-CR- ) Community (Funds for construction) 1.2.2.1.Search for additional Com 2 2 210000 11 375000 Ground Search for funds: funds for construction munit Dh Dh CP, CR, Region residences of the doctor and y 165000 Council and others male nurse Dh 1.2.3.2. Initiation of “midwife” Com 2 woman 5000 2 10000 Health - Convention with local to the problems involved munit health - training in in the childbirth and hygiene. y 2 weeks (Taourirt, Aioun) 1.3.1.1.Realization of the Com 1 1 ONEP National - End of study Sep technical study (drinking water) munit Program of 2006 - Beginning y Drinking Water work 2007 - (100%) Duration work 1 year 1.3.1.2.Creation of an Com 1 person 2 Training - Obligation to association for follow-up and munit ensured by create a ass assumption of responsibility of y ONEP (100%) drinking water the drinking water project 1.3.1.3.Digging of collective QT1 1 Well 50000 ONEP ONEP 100% Depends on the wells results of the study 1.5.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Operation not Ground Request by CR or Community by the mobile munit very convincing Ass to IAM after
73 network telephony y - private the establishment investment of a subscribed list. 1.6.1.1.Cover of the Com 1 Operation not Ground Request by CR or Community by the fixed munit very convincing Ass to IAM after network telephony y - private the establishment investment of a subscribed potential list. 2. Agriculture, Rangeland and livestock Actions Loc Prio Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Participation Observation 1 2 3 Other Observation 2.1.1.1 Pumping on Amssoun QT1 1 UP 1 900 900000 ORMV - - - MCA AUEA 10% To inform the River 000 AM AUEA 2.1.1.2 Efficient techniques QT1 2 Use FDA Accompanimen 60% recipients Producers visits introduction of water use 40% t of the organized by producers via ORMVAM on of the irrigation the pilot management exploitations cell (ORMVAM) 2.1.2.1 To proceed to 1 ORMVAM collective sales (within the accompanies the frame of co-operative) population to be 2.1.4.1 Collective provisioning organized in die via co-operative co-operative and to 2.4.2.2 improvement of put them in direct rangelands state contact with the customers with insisting on the pastorals resources conservation 2.1.3.1 Search for alternative Com 1 M&M INRA INRA will study this and adapted crops (vocation munit III aspect (2006) maps) y 2.1.5.1 Creation of triturating CR 1 UT 2 PDRT MCA Creation of co- The granting of the unit in the commune (to make T operatives two units to the co- the request to ORMVAM) operatives will be carried out by the Local Committee with certain criteria (olive-growing surface, office, electricity…) 2.1.5.1 (a) Finding ways of ORMV ORMVAM engage Niora valorization AM putting theniora producers in direct liaison with the Inter Oil Company 74
in Berkane 2.1.6.1 Diagnosis and Com 1 PDRT M&M Development of development of a sensitizing munit T III partnership program (rational technical y convention route) between ORMVAM, INRA and farmers organization 2.1.7.1 Search for adapted and 1 Study M&M INRA To include in the tolerant plants to salinity and III Research- Limestone (in the cultivated development zones) program 2.2.1.1 To explore the Com 1 exploita ORMV Co- Use of the milk marketing possibility, munit tion AM operati manifold centre of production and the milk y (centre ve Ouled Mehdi producers organization equip wadi (either in joining ment) Za the Ouled Mehdi (acqui co-operative or to sition create a co- of the operative of Ouled vat) Slimane by reserving them a collecting vat) 2.2.2.2 To introduce fodder Com 1 TT Constitution of a crops (barley, oats, bersim, munit committee INRA, triticale, alfalfa, mixed fodders, y ORMVAM and shrubs, cactus, etc.) MAAK association to identify the technology transfer experiments 2.2.2.3 Valorization of the by- 2 products (straw treatment, feed block) 2.2.3.1 Construction of the 3 See With the load fence (committee of both contribution of of the douars of Community) ADS population 2.3.1.1 To show the subsidy 1 Commu ORMV CRCA ORMVAM with opportunities (State, Region, nity AM CRCA organize Agencies, etc.) produc symposium for the ers producers on offered opportunities 2.4.1.1 Sensitizing of the Com 1 Stockbr 25 500 125000 ORMV INRA M&MIII CR 9 meetings of population on the natural munit eeders 0 AM sensitizing and a resources conservation and on y visit sharing experience visits 2.4.1.3 Proposal for a diagram Past 2 Study 100000 M&MIII To considerate the
75 to improve the natural oral socio-economic, resources current DT environmental and management with the legal aspects population implementing in the rangeland management 2.4.2.1 Rangelands Past 3 4000 200? 800 PDRT CR Management/ Committee rehabilitation (rest, fodder oral 000 T maintenance ORMVA and INRA plantations, rotary pastures, DT by the co- to fix the alley-cropping…) operative management operations
3. Social and associative activities Actions Loc Prio Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Participation Observation 1 2 3 Other Observation 3.1.1.1.Construction of the school 1 m 500 100 50.000 ME ADS ADS after study of fence Com 50% the file - muni Remainder to be ty sought (Ass parents pupils, Foundation Med V, C Region, Provincial Council) 3.1.1.2.School supplies Com 1 Kit 200 50 10.000 to ME See with the Privilege the muni to 30.000 beneficial ones children of the 1st ty 100 and other year if the amount givers (Ass is weak parent’s pupils, Foundation Med V, C Region, C Provincial…) 3.1.2.1.To solve the teachers Com 1 Hous 100 000 1 100 000 ME Possibility of Alternative instability problem (residences in- muni ing 100% programming of solution: use of situ) ty this action in school transport the nearest programmed soon education (study in progress) budget 3.1.2.2.Sensitizing and make Com 2 Pare ME Partner of responsible the population on the muni nts of 100% sensitizing schooling ty pupil (Education, Local s Authority, CR) 3.2.1.1. Authorization for public Com 1 line 1 -Transport line transport muni intra communal in ty progress. - CR: make request to the
76
ministry. - Provincial commission opinion. 3.3.1.1 To make a sensitizing and Com 1 perso 500 30 15.000 ORMV INRA- ODEC Suppor By treating the formation program especially for muni n AM trainin O- t of technical, the association and the co- ty 100% g trainin ADS administrative, operative offices members g countable and legal sides 3.3.1.2 Experience sharing with Com 2 Pers 1000 30 30.000 ORMV other successful associations muni on AM (visits/travels) ty 100% 3.3.2.1 Integration of the young Com 1 Role of the Permanent people to the associative activities muni local sensitizing on and in the decision-making ty organizations these subjects and 3.3.3.1 effective Participation and the local election of the qualified people authorities and 3.3.3.2 Respect of the bill books of ODECO roles. AG, promise and transparency 3.3.4.1 To multiply the activities and meetings with the members 3.3.5.1 And 3.4.1.1 Construction of DT1 1 Centr 160000 1 160000 ORMV - Room intended office for the association with e Dh Dh AM for female activities various rooms (culture, sport, 100% with possibility of female activities, distraction, extension towards nursery, etc.) other activities 3.5.1.1 To envisage specific Com 1 Pers Educat Support: National sessions of fight against the muni on ion help and other illiteracy ty 100% partners 4. Diversification of the income sources Actions Loc Prio Unit C.U. Qty C.T. Financing Participation Observation 1 2 3 Other Observation 4.1.1.1.To make available Com 1 ONE ONEP Requiring electricity and drinking water to munit electricity and create economic activities y drinking water (see actions 1111 and 1313) 4.1.2.1.Organization of Com 1 Person 1000 30 30.000 ORMV OFPT Suppor Request sensitizing days and specific munit AM T t ADS formulated by training y association 4.1.4.1 Make contact with and OFPTT for in-situ training organization (seam and craft industry) 4.1.2.2. Presentation of Com 2 Person requests for Preparation of income generating projects munit financing to: the proposals (joinery, rabbit breeding, and y ORMVAM,
77 goat breeding…) ADS, ANAPEC, KARAMA, 4.1.3.1. Search for micro- Com 1 2 Person Formulating of credits for diversified projects munit projects 4.1.3.2.Identification of y investors and development of partnership contracts 4.2.1.1.Identification of Com 1 Study 1 M&M Receptivity Valorization of the knowledge and specific munit III local knowledge practices (local knowledge y 100% towards incomes study ) activities generating
78
Appendix 11: Human and material resources The constitution of a multi-field and pluri-institutional team amply contributed to the success of this project. The members of this team belong to the CRRA Oujda and to the PDRTT. Collaboration with this last especially remains priority for the future actions. The PDRTT includes the following structures: ORMVA of Moulouya and the subdivision of Taourirt with four rural communes (Mestegmer, Melg El Ouidane, Ahl Za Wadi and Goutitir); DPA Oujda with three CT (Taforalt, Aioun and Taourirt) and nine CR (Machraâ Hammadi, Aîn Lahjar, Tancherfi, Sidi Ali Belkacem, Sidi Lahcen, Sidi Foamed, Taforalt, Sidi Bouhria and Rislane). The application of the participative step required a main effort of organization, programming and coordination. The realization of the various stages required a planning and collaboration work with the communities and the other actors. The various restitutions workshops allowed future corrections and improvements of organizing, animation, dialogue, negotiation and division of responsibility and decision-making. Women presence in the staff (2 women engineers, a woman veterinary, 3 women stimulating - technicians and a student 3rd cycle in Geography) improved the gender workshops in particular animation, restitution and coordination. The massive and unexpected participation of the women and girls of the two communities in the workshops facilitated work. Success is also due to the materials resources availability such as: the cartographic support: topographic map, satellite images, territory map of the community, sketch; tools of audio-visual: display boards, numerical photographs, video cameras, Bag ZOPP; measuring instruments: Compass, GPS transport means: vehicles; Informatics and data-processing tools: PC with suitable software (Excel, SPSS, Access, SIG, MapInfo, etc.) Various tools: Pens felts colors, Paper different formats, paperboards various colors, pins, Memo pads.
79
List of M&M III team members in Morocco Name Contribution domain Organization Abghour Samira Veterinary Veterinary Laboratory - Oujda Acherkouk Mohamed Extension, Technology Transfer CRRA Oujda Attar Nour-eddine Organization ORMVAM Moulouya Bechchari Abdelmajid Animal production CRRA Oujda Belguenani Jamila Technician - Survey - Animation CT El Aioun Benhafoune Mohammed Economy- survey DPA Oujda Bouayad Abdallah Agro-economist CRRA Oujda Boughlala Mohamed Production System INRA Settat Bounouh Noureddine Animal production ORMVAM Moulouya Bouyaddide Abdellah Value Added Crops ORMVAM Moulouya Cherkaoui Mohamed Director of CT 34.06 El Aioun CT 34.06 El Aioun Chriyaa Abdelouahid Animal Feeding INRA Settat El Athmani Khalid Cell of animation DPA Oujda El Koudrim Mohamed Pastoralist CRRA Oujda El Moussaoui Nadia Geography Faculty of Arts and Hum. Sci. Elallame Hafida ORMVAM Berkane ORMVAM Moulouya Hammoudi Mohamed Private consultant Private consultant Harkousse Mohamed Organization DPA Oujda Jaber Abdelaziz Ecology-Head of Center CRRA Oujda Jabri Mohamed ORMVAM Berkane ORMVAM Moulouya Kelai Mohamed ORMVAM Berkane ORMVAM Moulouya Khalloufi Med Technician - Survey CT El Aioun Laamari Abdelali Modelling-Economy INRA Settat Maatougui Abdessalam Rangeland management CRRA Oujda Mahyou Hamid GIS - RS CRRA Oujda Mezdi Ahmed Technician - Survey - Animation CT El Aioun Mimouni Jamal Agro-climatology CRRA Oujda Mouhib Amr Technician - Survey - GPS CT El Aioun Nassif Fatima Community Approaches INRA Settat Rahmani Mohamed Audio-visual DPA Oujda Rahmi Mohamed Association MAAK Association MAAK Serrar Kamal Water Harvesting ORMVAM Moulouya Settouti Anissa Facilitator DPA Oujda Snaibi Wadii Sociology CRRA Oujda Soufia Facilitator CT of Taforalt Soussi Mohamed Survey and Animation DPA Oujda
80
81