Developing Sustainable Livelihoods of the Agropastoral Communities of Wana- M&M Phase Iii
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ICARDA DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS OF THE AGROPASTORAL COMMUNITIES OF WANA- M&M PHASE III CASE OF MOROCCO October 2006 CONTENT 1. Executive summary _______________________________________________________ 4 2. Introduction _____________________________________________________________ 6 3. Background _____________________________________________________________ 6 3.1 General description of the project area _____________________________________ 6 3.2 General description of the community ______________________________________ 7 3.3 General description of Rural Development Project of Taourirt Taforalt _____________ 9 4 Development of the CDP: Concepts and methodology ____________________________ 9 4.1 General description of methodology _______________________________________ 9 4.2 Detail of methodology _________________________________________________ 10 4.2.1 Step I: Community characterization ___________________________________ 10 4.2.1.1 Secondary data collecting _______________________________________ 10 4.2.1.2 Introductory meeting with the community ____________________________ 10 4.2.1.3 Transect and typology of the toponymic districts ______________________ 10 4.2.1.4 Drawing the mental map_________________________________________ 10 4.2.1.5 Adapting and testing the questionnaire _____________________________ 11 4.2.1.6 Implementation of the survey _____________________________________ 12 4.2.1.7 Development of the community map using GPS ______________________ 12 4.2.1.8 Data Analysis _________________________________________________ 13 4.2.1.9 Restitution and validation of the community knowledge book ____________ 13 4.2.2 Step II: Participatory Diagnosis ______________________________________ 14 4.2.2.1 Problems analysis _____________________________________________ 14 4.2.2.2 Analysis of causes and identification of solutions ______________________ 14 4.2.3 Step III: Participatory Planning and programming _________________________ 15 4.2.4 Step IV: Organising the community and promotion of the local institution ______ 15 4.2.5 Step V: Implementation of the CDP ___________________________________ 15 5. Results of CDP _______________________________________________________ 16 5.1 Characterization of the Ouled Slimane community ___________________________ 16 5.1.1 Highlight of the survey results ________________________________________ 16 5.1.1 1 Community map _______________________________________________ 16 5.1.1.2 Thematic maps ________________________________________________ 17 5.1.1.3 Typology of the toponymic districts ________________________________ 17 5.1.1.4 Demographic and socio-economic survey ___________________________ 19 5.1.1. 5 Land use and agricultural activities ________________________________ 24 5.1.1.6 Rangelands __________________________________________________ 25 5.1.1. 8 Livestock consensus and feeding _________________________________ 25 5.1.1. 9 livestock marketing ____________________________________________ 27 5.1.2 External synthesis of diagnosis _______________________________________ 28 5.1.2.1 Demography __________________________________________________ 28 5.1.2.2 Climatic characteristics __________________________________________ 28 5.1.2.3 Agricultural activity _____________________________________________ 30 5.1.2.4 Livestock and rangeland ________________________________________ 32 5.1.3 Potentialities, constraints and orientations for the strategic development _______ 33 5.2 Participative diagnosis ______________________________________________ 34 5.2.1 Analyze problems _________________________________________________ 34 5.2.2 Analysis by focus group ____________________________________________ 35 2 5.2.3 Identifications of the constraints, causes and the solutions _________________ 36 5.3 Participatory planning and programming ___________________________________ 38 5.3.1 The multi-annual development plan ___________________________________ 38 5.3.2 Long-term development map ________________________________________ 39 5.3.3 The program of annual budget ______________________________________ 39 5.4 Local institution ______________________________________________________ 39 5.5 Implementation of CDP ________________________________________________ 42 5.5.1. Collaborative agreements __________________________________________ 42 5.5.2. Formalizing the local institution ______________________________________ 42 5.5.3. Implementation of development technical options ________________________ 43 5.5.4. Development of the research work plan ________________________________ 44 Appendices ______________________________________________________________ 45 Appendix 1: Tables of output analysis ________________________________________ 45 Appendix 2: Components of the PDRTT ______________________________________ 50 Appendix 3: Methodological sequences ______________________________________ 52 Appendix 4: Base data under Access ________________________________________ 55 Appendix 5: Thematic maps _______________________________________________ 56 Appendix 6: Synthesis of the problems, causes and solutions _____________________ 60 Appendix 7: Tables of Participative Programming _______________________________ 64 Appendix 8: Table of programming of research development ______________________ 71 Appendix 9: Medium-term development map __________________________________ 72 Appendix 10: Annual budget program _______________________________________ 73 Appendix 11: Human and material resources __________________________________ 79 3 1. Executive summary The Mashreq and Maghreb project phase III (M&MIII) is carried out in the North East of Morocco. Its goal is the formulation of technical, political and institutional options which allow (i) reinforcing the local communities, (ii) promoting the production systems sustainability and (iii) preserving the natural resources. Its finality is to generate a Community Development Plan (CDP) capable of mobilizing the local actors around common development problems. The active participation of the population in this process is the key of the project success. It must be present during all the steps of the CDP. The multidisciplinary and inter-institutional research team defined Ouled Slimane as a socio-territorial unit. This unit represents the study area. It is located in the Gouttitir rural district (Province of Taourirt). The choice of this community is based on tow criteria: Agro-pastoral aspect of the area and the presence of the Taourirt-Tafoghalt Rural Development Project (TTRDP). The TTRDP constitutes a strategic partner of the M&MIII, especially for the CDP realization. It is an integrated project with similar objectives: (i) The improvement of the poor families livelihood and (ii) the protection of the natural resources. In this region, the rainfall records do not exceed 250 mm/year. Water resources are low and limited to the Moulouya and Za Rivers, as well as to the Taourirt tablecloth. Soils are deep in the irrigated perimeter, thin and stony in the rangelands. The production system is based on the Integration between agriculture and livestock (mainly on rangeland). To achieve the study purposes, we used a participative approach which is an iterative and dynamic process. This approach contains various interdependent stages and sequences. The first stage consists in characterizing the community. So we have: Collected and analyzed the secondary data; Presented and explained the project to the community; Elaborated the transect and carried out the production systems typology; Established the resources and the toponymic districts maps by using the GPS; Prepared, tested and adapted the survey tools; Conducted the investigation with 155 families and analyzed the data; Brought back and validated the investigation results with the population. At the second phase, we diagnosed and analyzed the problems with the community using the visualization technique. Three target groups (adults, women and young person) identified the constraints. In the third phase, some workshops were conducted to study the Feasibility of solutions proposed and to program the future actions with the community. At the last stage, the research team and the community analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the local institutions. The finality is that these organizations can themselves take care of their CDP. The achieved results are very significant. We summarize them as follows: Elaboration of the general community map and the thematic maps. Detailed description of the toponymic districts. Production systems typology: irrigated system (olive-tree, leguminous and fodder crops), cereal system and rangelands (15.500 ha). Socio-economic characterization: 4 o The population is relatively young (63% have less than 26 years). Its increase rate is 1.6%, and its density is 15.6 inhabitants / km². o The sex ratio is balanced (52% masculine, 48% female). o The agricultural equipment is relatively significant: 176 wells, 96 motor-pumps, 33 tractors and 10 trucks. o The public electricity network does not cover the UST yet. People use solar energy, gas or candles. In addition, the UST does not profit from the potable water network. o The professional organization remains weak (1 pastoral cooperative and 1 association of irrigation). The small ruminants dominate the animal flock (7370 sheep and 794 goats). They graze the rangeland and are supplemented with concentrated feed. The cattle benefit from irrigated perimeter. Because of the collective statute, people overexploit and cultivate