BEDWELL RIVER AREA Vancouver Island British Columbia

BRITISH COIAJMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES Hon. W. J. ASSELSTINE, Minister JOHN F. WALKER, Deputy Minister - BULLETIN No. 8 __ Preliminary Report on BEDWELL RIVER AREA Vancouver Island British Columbia

H. SARGENT

1940

VICTORIA. B.C.: Photmffset by CHARLEESF. BANFIELD,Printer to the Kins’s Most Excellent Majesty. 1940. By courtesy of Department of Lands. By courtesy of Department of Lands.

Taylor left of center. By courtesy of Department of Lands. By courtesy of Department of Lands.

(3) Bedwell Valley from Cotter Mountain (4) Big Interior Mountain viewed from - Big Interior Mountain inoenter. south-west. CONTENTS. BEDWELL RIVER AREA

INTRODOCTION.

Location

TheBedwell River rises in the south-western part of StrathconaPark, andempties into the head of Bedvrell Sound on thewest coast of Vancouver Island. The name "Bear River" was frequently used in old reports and is still 5.n common use. The head of Bedwell Sound is about 16 milesnorth of Tofino andClayoquot which are ports of call about 35 mi1.e~north of theentrance to Barkley Sound. Most of thearea tributary to the river is in the ClayoquotMining Division.but the eastern part lies within the Alberni Mining Division.

History

Reports of theMinister of Mines, British Columbia, for 1898 and 1899, containbrief references to placer-.mining in the 'sixties and to Chineseplacer-miners abandoning the area in thelate 'eighties, but give no information abcsut the extent of the operations and the quantity of goldrecovered. The Annual Reports for 1898 :and followingyears refer to developmentwork on gold-bearing veins and copper-bearingr,e- placementdeposits. Underground workwas done on several properties. The claimsforming the Seattle group were recordedin the years 1896,1897 and 1899, and were brought to Crown-grant in 1907. The Amex. and Belvidereclaims were recorded in 1898and 1903; after beingCrown-granted in 1911, theywere allowed to lapsebut were again Crown-granted in 1929. Among otherearly locations on the lowerBedwell Riv- er,the Galena has been re-located underthe same name, the present group includesground covered by the ,Castle group forty years ago,and thepresent Prosper group is believed to include ground known in 1903 as the Pakehamineral claim.

The discovery of copper-bearing mineralization on Big Interior Mountain, on thedivide between the Bedwell River and DrinkwaterCreek (which flows into Great Central Lake), was mentioned in the Annual ReportMinister of Mines, British Columbia, for 1903,but a laterreport indicates t%at the Big Interiorgroup was locatedin 1899.Although situated at a highelevation in rugged country, about 1.2 miles from tidewater and partly covered by a glacier,this oc,-urrence was considered to have attractive possibilities of developing intoan important copper prod.ucer. Ptarmigan Mine.5 Ltd., a

-1- company withhead office in London, England,acquired the claimsBig I Nos. 5 and 6 and GreatCentral Nos. 5 and 6, known asthe Ptarmigan group, .lying north-west of the four claims of theBigInterior group. It was proposed to con- struct a road for about13 miles from tidewater to a uoint whichwas to be connected, by an aerial tramway, with work- ingsnear the summit of the mountain.Road-construction had progressed to a pointabout 7 milesfrom tidewater, and equip- ment for the tramwaywas on the ground at the head of the Sound when operations were suspended .on the outbreak of the war in 1914. The Annual Report,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, 1916, refers to a diamond-drilling program on the Big Interior group.Since that time there has been no re- portedactivity at eitherproperty. The eight Crown-granted claimsforming the two groupsare still in good standing. The oldreports, while referring to large exposures of low- gradecopper-bearing material and tosmaller occurrences of highergrade, do notindicate that development and testing had gone far enough to make dependableestimates of tonnage and grade possible.

The claims of the -You group, covering a vein on the south- western slopes of Big Interior Mountain,were recordedin 1912. The property is mentioned for the first time in the Annual ReportMinister of Mines, British Columbia, for 1913.Subse- quentreports record development work at the property and the construction of a small mill. There was activityperiodically at this property from 1912 untilabout 1933 or 1934 during whichtime there was but little activity elsewhere in the area. The group,connected by trailwith the road and trail designed to serve the Ptarmigan group, was reachedalso by trail fromGreat Central Lake viaDrinkwater Creek, Della Lake, Bear Pass, and You Creek.

Although scme claimswere recorded from time to time there was but little interest in the BedwellRiver area for some yearspreceding 1938. In thatyear prospectors visiting thearea discovered gold-bearing veins, north-west of the river, onNoble (Clarke)Creek. This was followedby a discovery,south of theriver, on Sam CraigCreek. Other discoveries were made in the autumn of the same year. A 70 percent. interest in the gusketeer andShamrock groups, on Sam Craig Creek, was optioned to Pioneer Gold Mines of B. C., Ltd.,and Anglo-Huronian Ltd. Undergroundwork was started on this property anddevelopment has been carried on continuously since 1938. In 1939prospecting was carriedout actively in thearea and furtherdiscoveries were made. Substantial development was undertaken on the Musketeer-Shamrock,Buccaneer and e.By the end of theyear about 550 claims had been

-2- recorded covering discoveries as far inland as the north- westernslopes of Big Interior Mountain, the head of You Creek,and upper Ursus Creek:.

The surface showings and the initial developmentwork indicated veins, of which the widths were usually measured in inches,containing sections which carry attractive if not spectacularvalues in gold. Practically all recentinterest hasbeen directed toward gold-bearing veins. Some of there- centstakings cover ground which had been staked previously and allowed to lapse, and on some of theseproperties former operators had done underground work without developing sub- stantialbodies of ore.

Field Work and Acknowledgments-

The writerspent from July28th to September 15th,1939, inthe area, assisted by E. P. Williams and Lo E. Rowebottom, mapping thegeology of thearea andexamining profpects. A base camp situated about three miles from the head. of Bedwell Sound was used for abouthalf the season. For about twoweeks the party stayed at the camp of Musketeer Mines, I,imited, on Sam CraigCreek. During the remainder of theperiod short visits werepaid to the upper BedwellRiver where the Casino and yoU groupswere examined, and to upper Ursus Creekwhere theThunderbird and Trophy groups were examined. The current activity had its beginning so recently that prospecting and developmentwere still in theirearly stages, and trails and living accommodationwere quitelimited. Prospectors, and operatingcompanies were generous in supplyinginformation and assistance. The writer is particularly grateful to J. IN. Rarvey and Carl Xoel, whose cabin andcooking facilities were usedwhile the party was camped at 3-Mile and to P. A. Joubin, Manager of Musketeer'Mines, through whose kindnessthe party was accommodated at-the mine camp. The writer is also in- debted to C. N. Sharp,Mining Recorder at Tofino, who kindly supplied information concerning the recording andownership of claims. GeneralCharacter of the Area- In the lower 11 miles of its coursethe BedwellRiver hasan average gradient of about 80 feet per mile, the valley is of fair width though inseveral sections the ri-ver flows throughrock-canyons. The sides of the main valleyare steep and many of the tributary streams occupy hanging-valleys. Ursus Creek, thelargest tributary, has an easy gradient from the Forks to the mouth. Many of the tributary creeks rise in deepcirques and flow through. steep-walled canyons. The sum-

-3- mit ofBig InteriorNountain has an elevation of 6,107 feet, the bottom of the BedwellValley, a little more than two miles tothe west, has an elevation of 1,200feet, the average slope is thus more than2,000 feet per mile. Such slopesare cormnon and locallythere are numerous precipitoussections. A number ofthe mountains of volcanicrocks have jagged peaks, and many ofthe mountains and ridges of graniticrocks have rounded sum- mits. On theother hand, many ofthe steepest escarpments, and the conspicuous jagged ridge on the top of'Mount Tom Tay- lor, appearto be entirely of granitic rock. The areahas a heavy annual rainfall with a comparativelyshort dry season in the summer. Augustof 1939 was favourable for field work, butwet weather set in on August 27th,and from then until field workwas stoppedthere were few dry days. Rainfall sub- sequently raised the river level sufficiently to take out the 3-Mile pack-bridgewhich was more than 20 feet abovethe low- waterlevel.

From elevationsof 3,000 feet upward there is but little overburden or vegetation. The tops of the rounded ridges make easytravelling, and thereare numerous smalllakes in settings which arevery pleasant in fine weather. Below 3,000feet elevation,except on precipitous slopes of barerock, there is generally a heavygrowth of brush and conifers, with dense second-growth in burnedsections. The lower flats havestands of timber consisting principally of hemlock and red cedar with s0m.e balsam. lit higherelevati.ons there is yellowcedar. Shakesof redcedar have i'urnished useful material for build- ingcabins. The heavy vegetation makes travellingdifficult, though on some of thesteeper slopes it is only by hangingon tothe brush that it is possibleto climb up or down.The bottomsof the canyons are frequently filled with immense blocks of rockaround or overwhich it is necessaryto climb if the canyon is followed.

Access "

During the summer months the CanadianPacific Steamship Co.'s steamers maintain a service every fifth day on the west coast ofVancouver Island, and duringthe rest of the year a service v every tenthday. The north-boundsteamers call at PortAlberni ab0u.t 24 hoursafter leaving Victoria, and leav- ingPort Alberni at night call at Tofinoand Clayoquot about noon of thefollowing day. South-bound the steamers reach PortAlberni from five or six to ten hours after leaving To- fino andClayoquot, and reachVictoria about a day after leav- ingPort Alberni. Buses and trains from Victoria and Nanaimo make connectionswith.the steamers at Port Alberni.

-4- CanadianAirways Ltd., and Ginger Coote Airw,ays Ltd., operate airplanes betweenVancouver and Zeballos, which will call at Tofino when businessoffers, and' also at the head of Bedwell Sound for anadditional charge. Thehead of Bedwell Sound is about20 miles by water-routefrom Clayoquot and To- fino.Since the current activity began, frequent service has beenmaintained between these points by gas-boatshandling passengers and freight; smal.1scows areavailable for handling heavierfreight. The landing atthe head of Bedwell Sound is on a slough,and cannot be used at low tide.

The old roads and trails were in a state of disrepair when thecurrent activity began. The numerous bridgeswhich had been built in 1913and 1914 had been destroyed or were unsafe, and thecorduroy in boggy sections of theroad had deteriorated to the point where it would not stand upunder pack-horsetraffic. In 1939 a stringer-bridge for pack-horses was built at the 3-Mile crossing, and a suspension-bridge was built at the secondcrossing, a little less than 5 milesfrom tidewater.Construction of a truck-road was commenced inthe autumnand the road was finished to a point approximately 2.9 milesfrom the head of the Sound. Sincethat time a truckhas been inuse over the completed part of theroad. The route fromGreat Central Lake viaDrinhvater Creek and Llella Falls, to the yoU and to the Big Interior groups, has been used at various times. This route is now being used in ccnnection with a prospect near Della Falls, but beyond that point has beenused very little of late. It involvestravelling to the headof Great Central Lake by gas-boat,thence by logging railroad for some miles and :from that point by pack-trail to the foot of Della Falls.

References

Publishedinformation on the area consists chiefly of references in the Annual Reports,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, from 1898 to 1933,dealing with the mineral possibilities of the area and withparticular properties. In Mem- oir 204, of theGeological Survey, "nada, publishedin 1937, M. F. Bancroft summarized informationconcerning some proper- tiesin the area, his source being principally the Annual Re- ports of theMinister of Mines, British Columbia.These publications,accordingly, contain no reference to more recentdis- coveries of greatcurrent interest. In 1928 theG,sological Surveypublished "The Vancouver Sheet" on a scale of 8 miles to the inch, which shows thegeology of Vancouver:Island as then mapped. The follow%ng is anincomplete bibliography of reportsdealing with Vancouver Island,and of some interest in interpreting the geology of the BedwellRiver area.

-5- 1. Bancroft, M. F. - Gold-bearingDepQsits gn the 'Nest Coast of Vancouver Island - Geol.Surv., Canada, Memoir 204, 1937.

2. Clapp,Charles H. - Southern Vancouver Island - Geol. Surv., Canada, Memo'ir 13, 1912.

3. Clapp,Charles H. - Geology of theVictoria andSaanioh Map-areas,Vancouver Island - Geol. Survey,Canada, Memoir 36,1913.

4.Clam. Charles H. - Sookeand Duncan Mao-areas. Vancouver andLCooke,'H.C. Island - Geol. Surv., Canada., Memoir 96, 1917.

5. Dolmage, V. - Quatsino Sound and CertainMineral De- posits on the West Coast of Vancouver Island - Geol.Surv., Canada, Summary Report,1918 part B.

6. Dolmage, V. - Barkley Sound,Vancouver Island - Geol. Surv., Canada, Summary Report,1919 part B.

7. Dolmage, V. West Coast of Vancouver Island Between Barkley Sound and Quatsino Sound - Geol. Surv., Canada, Summary Report, 1920 part A.

8. Gunning, H. C. - Geology and MineralDeposits of Quat- sino-NimpkishArea, Vancouver Island - Gecl. Surv., Canada, Summary Report, 1929 part X.

9. Gunning, H. C. - Buttle LakeMap-area, Vancouver Island, Geol.Surv., Canada, Summary Report, 1930 part A.

10.Gunning, H. C. - Preliminary Report on the YimpkishLake Quadrangle,Vancouver Island - Geol. Surv.,Canada, Summary Report,1931 part A.

11. Gunning, H. C. - ZeballosRiver Area, Vancouver Island - Geol.Surv., Canada, Summary Report, 1932 part A-2.

-6- 12. MacXenzie, J. D.-AlberniArea, Vancouver I.sland, Geol. Surv., Canada, Summary Report, 1922 part A.

13. Stevenson,John S. - Lode G.old Deposits c,f theZeballos Area, B. C. Department of Mines,1938.

14. Young, G. A. and Uglow, T. L. - The Iron Ores of Canada, Vol. I, B. C: and Yukon, Geol. Surv., Canada, Economic Geology Series No. 3, 1926.

In thefollowing pages specific references to these publications are indicated by the numbers oorrespo.ndingwith the publications in the foregoing list. Mapping

Figure 1 accompanying this bulletin gives the geology of the area as far as mapped. in 1939and indicates the posi- tion of a number of miningpr.operties. So far as thewriter knows no map showing thegeology of' the Bedwell Riverarea hasbeen published previously. Rock-exposures in the area, particularlyat higher elevations, are good and there is suf- ficient contrast between thevolcanic and graniticrocks, whichunderlie most of the area, for their distribution to be recognizedreadily, even from a distance in most cases. In general the distribution of these types has been recog- nized by engineersand keen prospectors, some of whom have prepared their own maps.

Geolosical mapping undertaken in the Bedwell River area in 1939 is incompleteand does not extend asfar as the boundary of anypreviously mapped area. The south-western limit of mapping,however, is not far from the mapping of thecoast represented on the VancouverSheet (Geological Survey, 1928); and thesouthern limit of the Buttle Lake area (9) lies about 2 miles north of the eastern end of mapping in the Bedwell area. A writtendescription by M. i?. Bancroft (1) gives informationconcerning the rocks lying north of the western part of the area and, combined withGunning's Buttle Lake map and notes, makes it possible to placewithin narrow limits the main contact on Moyeha River,nor-th of the'Bedwell Riverarea.

A toographical sheet, BedwellSheet (north half), Map Xo. 92 F 5, to a scale of 2 inchesto the mile, released by the'BritishP ColumbiaDepartment of Lands in 1939,includes a largepart of the BedwellRiver Area. The topography:is indicated by 100-footcontours. The southernboundary,of.the map is an irregular line from a quarter of a mile to about a milesouth of the southern boundary of StrathconaPark. r'or thepurpose of thepresent preliminary report the geology is indicated onFig. 1 which shows thed~rainage-pattern, location of the roadand trails andof a number of prospects. The positions and elevations of triangulation stations used by the topographic survey are shown, and the elevations of sumits or the highest contours of mountainpeaks are also indicated. The topographicfeatures were copied so far as possiblefrom Map No. 92 F/5, South of the limits of this sheet the writer mapped the drainage-pattern with the aid of airplane photographs borrowedfrom theDepartment of Lands. Control for extension to the south was ratherloose and there will doubtless be inaccuracies at higher elevations arising from the fact that the scales of thephotographs change with elevation.Locations of miningproperties, with the exception ofCrown-granted claims shown on Map No. 92 F/5 are by the writer.

GENERAL GEOLOGY.

Distribution of Rock-Type!

The parts of the area mapped in 1939 are underlain by volcanicrocks of the Vancouver group, some lenses of recrystallized limestone associated with the Vancouver group,and by granitic rocks associated with the Coast Raqse Intrusion. The limestonelenses are too small to be represented on the accompanying'map(Pig. 1). The writer believesthat except for a graniticintrusive extending north-west f:rom the basin of PennyCreek the whole western part of the map-area is underlain by members of the Vancouver group, and that the rocks of the Vancouvergroup also underlie most of'the southern part of the area.

Granitic intrusives in the map-area are represented by two largemasses, the smaller, possibly a tongue,extends from the Penny Creek.Basin to the unmapped area to the north- westand will bereferred to asthe.Penny Creek intrusive. The larger mass will be referred to as the BedwellRiver batholith. Its westernmargin trends southerly to south- easterly on the eastern sides of Mariner and Ursus Mountains, and then turns to a more easterly direction cros'sing 3rsus Creeknear theforks. This mas.s extends to the north and is doubtless continuous with the mass mapped by Gunning in the south-western part of the 13uttle Lake Area. The south-;ves- tern part of Big Interior Mountain is at least partly of hornblende-quartz-diorite, which is conspicuous1,y darker than tha normal rock of the BedwellRiver batholith, and from the distance might be mistaken for volcanic rock.'

The southern and eastern boundaries of the nap were not reached in 1939. It seems probablethat the graniticrocks extend tothe south-east beyond theboundaries of Fig. 1. Gunning'sButtle Lake map coupled with the fact that the limestone is known to outcrop on the summit of Big'lnterior Mountainsuggests that the north-eastern part of the area on Fig. 1 is occupiedby non-granitic rocks. The BedwellRiver batholith thus has a width of more than six mile:; in this area. Gunning saysthat in thesouthern part of theButtle Lake area it is at leastten miles wide. Insufficient work: was done in the eastern part of the Be&rellRiver area to det.erminewheth- er or not there are same roof-pendants within the area occupied by thebatholith, but ,some evidenceobtained in the field points to the existence of one or more roof-pendants or to a change in the character of the intrusive..

Vancouver Group

The rocks of thisseries were not studied in detail by thewriter. They havebeen described in considerabledetail intheir occurrence in southern Vancouver Island by Clapp (2, 3 and 4), and in less detail in their 0ccurrenc.e in northern Vancouver Islandby Gunning (8, 9 and ll), andby other writers.This group consists of anassemblage of volcanic rockswith interbedded tuffaceous, argillaceous and quartz- iticsediments and limestone, and hasbeen assigned to the Triassic 'and Jurassic (?) periods.Bancroft (1) referredto fossil beds on the Moyeha River(north of BedwellWver Area) approximately 20 miles from the west coast of r'lores Island. West of' these bedshe described, -- "a greatthickness of amygdaloidalbasalt forming high, ragged summitson both sides of the valley."--This would be north-west of Mariner Mountainand probably continuous with the thick series of volcanicrocks exposed on Mariner and Ursus Wountains in the BedwellRiver area. Bancroft also refers (1 page 11) to limestone beds outcropping at the head of CotterCreek, whichwould be west of triangulation station "Cotter 3" near thewestern boundary of Fig. 1 accompanying this bulletin. Dolmage (7 page 15 A) .refers to thin beds of limestone on Bedwell Sound and Herbert Arm.

The volcanicrocks, observed by the writer in the Bed- wellRiver area, consist chiefly of ratherfine-grained andesites, and black or dark-greenbasalts including amygdaloidal varieties with light-green amygdules standingout on theweathered surfaces. Float of volcanicbreccia wasfound in theBedwell River, but this rock was notobserved in place. With the volcanics are included andesitic and basalticdykes, resembling the normal volcanics, often difficult to distinguish from themand believed to be closely associated in ori- ginwith the volcanics. Some rocksobserved on Mariner Moun- tainare probably greatly altered tgffs. Ingeneral the rocks of the Vancouvergroup aremassive, fine-grained and so al- teredthat the structure is obscured.Seen from a distance these rocks are of a verydark-brown colour, in markedcon- trast with the light colour which characterizes the surface exposures of theCoast Range intrusives. Near contactswith Coast Range intrusives,the volcanics arecut by andesite, aplite,dacite and basaltdykes, and by some dykesbelieved to be andesites but now so altered that the primary minerals cannotbe determined. These dykes are undoubtedly related to thelarger intrusives.

- 10 - LEGEND Drift covered /__..(..._)

Coast Range Intrusives .. Vancouver Group--(principally.volcanicrock with some lenses of limestone) Triangulation stationswith-elevations in feet Kighest contours with-eievations in Feet

~~ ~~~~ I~~ ~~~ Spot elevations in.~feet...... Road Trails Geological boundaries defined -

Fig. 1. Bedwell River Area.

.. Intercalated with the Vancouver volcanics, in southern Vancouver Island,Clapp \2) found lenses of limestone and marble to whichhe gave the name Suttonseries. :Be ljelieved thatthe limestone lenses in general were conformable wi,th thevolcanics. Gunning (8, 10and 11) mapped extensiveareas of Triassiclimestone, as Quatsino formation, in severalareas in the northern half of' Vancouver Island andsubdivided the Vancouver group into threeparts, thelimestone' a:nd the parts lying belowand above it.' I:n theButtle Lake are;%(9), mapped byGunning on a scale of eightmiles to theinch, Palaeozoic limestone was Pound underlyi.ngthe Vancouver group. Gunning suggeststhat limestone &own to occurnear the summit of Big Interior Mountain may be the continuation of the Palaeozoic limestonerecognized in the Buttle Lake area.

Smalllimestone lenses on the Seattle and &%, near Penny Creek on thewest side of lowerBedwell Biver,are doubtlessproperly included in the Vancouver group. On the ___Avon the limestone was seen in contact with granitic rock only,but volcanic rocks outcrop nearby. On theSeattle the limestone was seen'in contact with volcanic rocks-only. All theoccurrences are near the Penny Creek intrusive and the limestone is more or less metamorphosed. It is, apparently, quitepure andwhere least changed consists of wh5.te recrys- tallizedmaterial containing small stringers or lenses of greensilicate minerals. Some of thelimestone is; partly replaced by iron, copper and zincsulphides and magnetite, and some is almostcompletely replaced by magnetite,pyrite and chalcopyrite. At some points,east of Penny Creek:, on the Seattle,rock composed of garnet,epidote, and magnetite.with a minor quantity of sulphides,probably represents completely- replacedlimestone. fit one.point such rock lies ketweenre- crystallizedlimestone part1;y replaced by magnetite,pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite on the one side and on the other, fine-grainedvolcanic rock, which contains a greenfibrous mineral,probably actinolite, along joints. The metamorphic rock appears to grade into the Pine-grained volcanic and. may replace it in part.

On the Seattle group about 200 feet west of Penny Creek, there is one of thewider exposures of limestone,the full width of which is not exposed. A littlepyrrhotite replaces thelimestone at one point. At a pointon the western bank of thecreek, limestone is expo8ed containing a little magne- . titealong the sheared contact with andesitic volcanics. k three-rootaplite dyke outcropping nearby in the c:reek also contains a littlemagnetite. On a smallridge east of Penny Creek, also on theSeattle zroup, there are other ,sxposures " OF limestone of which theobserved widths did not (exceed 7 or

- 13 - 8 feet. On thegroup, northerly from these occurrences,' limestonehas a maximum observedwidth of 80 feet:Further references to mineralized limestone appear later in this bulletin under"Replacement Deposits."

Coast Range Intrusives

In southern Vancouver Island,Clapp (2,. 3 and 4) mapped variousbodies of intrusiveigneous rock which he regarded as all belonging to onegeneral period of intrusion. He says -- "which is correlated with the irruption of the Upper Jurassic CoastRange batholith"-- (3 page14). Minor intrusiveslater than the main batholiths were regarded as possibly extending into the Lower Cretaceous period. The Beale diorite and Sagnich granodiorite and quartz-diorite,the most widespread types in the northern and western parts of southern Vancouver Island,were regarded as closely related to eachother and also to the gneissic intrusives near the south end of the Island.In Northern Vancouver Island Gunning (8, 9, 10 and 11.)mapped rocks of the same generaltypes, as "Coast Range Intrusives," and assigned them to the Jurrassic and/orCre- taceousperiods. The graniticintrusives in the Bedwell River area are doubtless of the same ageand related to the Coast Bange Intrusion.

In the Bedwell River area the most widespread varieties of granitic rock are light-coloured and often weather to a chalky-white. They show considerabledifferences in texture, butin general have feldspar grains not more than 2 or 3 millimetersacross. The quartzranges from small intersti- tial grains to phenocrysts which may be 7 or 8 mill-imeters across. The averagerock of the BedwellRiver batholith is quartz-dioritewith quartz forming from 15 per cent. to 30 percent. of the whole. The feldsparsconsist chiefly of oligoclase-andesine,the principal constituent of therock; alkali-feldspar,orthoclase and microcline,rarely forms as much as one-third of thetotal feldspar. The proportion of alkali-feldspar is higher in the PennyCreek intrusive than inthe BedwellRiver batholith to the east. The PennyCreek intrusive is richer in orthoclase and approaches the composition of granodiorite in which,according to the classifica- tion used, the ratio of alkali-feldspar to soda-lime-feldspar is notless than three to five. The femicminerals are usual-lyaltered, hornblende is recognizedin elongated laths and thereis'some biotite. Chlorite is found,apparently re- placingbiotite and hornblende, and withepidote and sericite ' replacingfeldspar. Tiny grains of apatiteare found usually asinclusions in thequartz grains, but in sections from some parts of the area apatite crystals are present as inclusions

- 14 - infeldspar. Normally, therock has a pale-greencast, due to thealtered femic minerals, but in some sectionsthe surfaces are brown with iron oxide.

The rock is jointed and at severalpoints is cutby shears which to a degreeare reflected in the topography., Wear the shearsthe rock is usually much altered;sericite: kaolin, carbonate minerals and chlorite replace the primary minerals, sometimes with the almost complete destruction of the original rock-texture;the oolour too may become a darkergreen with the increase in the chlorite.

Rather fine-grained diorite whichoutcrops at. some points on the margin may be older than the quartz-diorite whichforms the mainmass of the PennyCreek intrusive.Thin sections from two points consist essentially of oligoclase with abun- danthornblende and some orthoclase. One sectioncontained a little quartz and theother some titanite;both werealtered, the feldspars and the hornblendes being attacked by a carbonate mineral.

As indicated earlier in this bulletin little time was available for study of the rock distribution in the eastern half of thearea. Intrusive rock, darker than the prevailing typesto the west, occurs east of You Creek, tolnrard thesouth- westernpart of Big Interior Mountain.Pine-grained diorite, similar to that occurring near the eastern contact of the PennyCreek intrusive, was found in You Creek, just south of the -You group, and for some distance on the western side of thecreek. This suggests the possibility of roof-pendants existing in thatlocality. Extending easterly fro:n a small lake,north of the north fork of Ursus Creek, just south of thepark Boundary, therock, from a distance, appe.%reddarker than the normal quartz-diorite, and may be related to the darkintrusive of Big Interior Mountain.

The dark intrusive, exposed at the head of You Creek and on the east side, forming in partthe south-western end of Big Interior Mountain, is a medium-grained graniticrock con- tainingabout 15 per cent.of dark minerals. A sectionstudied microscopicallycontains about 10 percent. quartz,, and roughly 75 percent. oligoclase partly replaced by serioite. The darkminerals are hornblende, epidote, chlorite and magnetite. blagn'etiteoccurs as smallisolated grains usually tiurrounded by rims of chlorite. It als'ooccurs wi,th epidote, in partly- alteredhornblende grains, or surrounded by areas of chlorite. To distinguish it from the Light-coloured intrusive this rock my becalled hornblende-quartz-diorite. The contactbetween this rock and the underlying light quartz-rich quartz-diorite

- 15 - is readily visible on the slopes of Big Interior Mountain above YOU Creek.This contact is inclinedsteeply to the south on the side of themountain and appears to strike a little east of north.' The hornblende-quartz-diorite is cutby numerous steeply-dipping andesite dykes,~ similar to dykes found in the normalphase of the batholith west of You Creek and elsewhere.

The margins of the BedwellRiver batholith and the Penny Creekintrusive are irregular in detail; dykesand irregular massesextend into theinvaded volcanic rocks. The southern end of the PennyCreek intrusive probably consists of several finger-liketongues and dykes..There is a good deal ofover- burden here, which with the complex relationship between the intrusive and theinvaded rock made it impossible to delimit the boundaries in the time devoted to that part of the area: The western contact of the BedTNell River batholith, exposed in Dry Creek north of the BedwellRiver, is also irregular. Several large masses of granitic rock invade the voloanics close to the maincontact, andnumerous light-coloureddykes extendfor half a milefromthe contact. These dykes stand out conspicuously against the darker voloanics on the spur of MarinerMountain vJhich forms the eastern wall of the basin of Noble (Clarke)Creek. The presenceof some.isolated masses of volcanicrock, within theboundaries.of..the batholith, suggeststhat erosion.has not proceeded deeply into it. Changes in texture of the granitic rock are probably features developed .near the margins while the intrusive was still in the viscousstage and, if so, supportthe notion that erosion has notcompletely removed theouter shell of theintrusive., The mostobvious change in the,primary nature of the intrusives is from a rock of medium, uniform-.sized,grains toa.porphyritic phase with quartzphenocrysts, about 1/4 of an inch across, which are particularly 'noticeable on weathered surfaces. In general,the texture of the mainintrusives and of the most closely related dykes which also have granitic texture,does not change markedly as thecontacts are approached. The granitic.textur.e is preserved and contacts,where exposed, aresharp even if they are irregular in detail..

On the northern side of DryCreek a sill-like mass of porphyritic,fine-grained, quartz-diorite about 175 feetthick has a sharp contact with the underlying amygdaloidal.basalt. The usualmedium-grained light-coloured quartz-diorite .of the batholith overlies the sill; the contact .was. covered 'with overburden.This contact also must besharp as thetextur.e of the sill is essentially uniform from its lowercontact to the highestpoint where it was observed,and the batholith, 5 feet higher,.has a much coarsernormal texture than the sill.' The

- 16 - similarity of the sill, to widedykes Pound well within the main batholith, suggests that the sill may beyounger than thebatholith. The volcaniosbelow, and the lower part of the sill, are cut by narrowquartz veins and impregnated with finedisseminated grains of pyrrhotite andchalco;?yrite. In bluffs on the eastern side of thecreek, north-westerly from the point where the sill'is exposed, thelowest exposure consists of graniticgneiss, cut by feldspar-porphyr:rdykes, abovewhich the normalquartz-diori-te of the batholith is exposed. The gneissand feldspar-porphyry dykes arc? cut by a stock-work of narrowquartz veins, and disseminatedpyrrho- tite-chalcopyrite mineralimtion occurs in the veins and wall-rock. Some molybdeniteoccurs in narrow fractures.

Dykes of andesite,dacite, feldspar-porphyry andhorn- blende-feldspar-porphyryare found both in the BedwellRiver batholith and in the PennyCreek intrusives, and &~lsoin the volcanicrocks. Dykes,which rangefrom granite-aplite to, diorite, are found in the invaded rocks near the contacts with thebatholith and theintrusive rocks. Massesof fine-grained quartz-diorite and feldspar-porphyryare found at the margins of thebatholith and wellwithin the .batholith. A peridotite dyke about 75 feetwide, in the batholith, outcrops on Sam CraigCreek about 1 2/3 miles south of its confluence with Bedwell River.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.

Introduction

In the follo-tJingpages of thisbulletin general observa- tlonsare offered concerning veins, replacement deposits, and placer-mining,in the RedwellRiver area. These general notes are followed by descriptions of mineral deposits occurring on thevarious properties. The approximateposition of each property is indicated by a reference number on Fig.1, and this number is givenafter the property name in these notes. In most cases the writer was guided to particular deposits by registered owners or agents of owners,and depended on the guides for informationconcerning the ownership of theground. The names of claims and of their recorded owners and the dates of recording were verified from information supplied by the Mining Recorder. The country is ruggedand much of it is covered with heavygrowth of trees or brush. . Veryfew of the recently-stakedclaims had been surveyed even roughly, and no attempt hadbeen made to mark theboundaries on the ground. For thesereasons it was impracticablein most cases to check the relationship of depositswith the bounda:ries of the claimson -flhich theywere reported to occur.Therefore, it

- 17 - shouldbe borne in mind thatstatements, that deposits occur on certain claims, are subjec% to revision when accuratesur- veys have been made.

Currentinterest in the area is principally in gold- bearingveins. Many sampleswere taken toobtain information of the range of values and on the association of values with differenttypes of mineralization, The sampleswere not closely enoughspaced to permit accurate estimates of average values ~

In the BedwellRiver area numerous fracturesoccupied by veins occur in the areas of granitic rocks in the volcanic rocks, and in dykes ineither. The vein-miceralization,usual- lyless than 1 foot wide,. consists of quartzwith some carbon- ' ate gangue, and more or lesssulphide mineralization, Some or' the veins carry values in gold often accompanied by silver which is relativelyunimportant. The base-metalsulphides whichinclude chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite, cannot be expected to contribute appreciably to thevalue of theveins. The economic value of thesedeposits accordinglydepends on the gold which they contain.

Vein-mineralization occurs filling fissures and as lenses and stringers in shears and sheetedzones. In filled- fissures there is usually some gouge at the walls but introducedvein-matter is themajor part of thevein-filling. The shears are up to 2 or 3 feet wide and containcrushed and alteredwall-rock: sheeted zones, consisting of closely-spaced fractures separated by alteredwall-rock, may be several feet wide.In the shears and sheeted zones, lenses of vein-matter up to a footwide occur locally; elsewhere narrow stringers may occur. h section of the Musketeervein consists of a shear, reaching a maximum width of about 30 inches, with narrow stringersnear the walls. At bothends of thissection the vein consists of a fissure, with some gougealong the walls, containing vein-matter which has a maximum width of about 8 inches.

So far as is known at present the gold values are essentially limited to the introduced vein-matter and are not found inthe altered wall-rock. Some veinscontaining very small percentages of sulphidesgive good assays in gold,and in other veins the gold values in moderately well-mineralized parts may becomparable with values in heavily-mineralized parts;but in general it appearsthat vein-matter moderately well-mineralized with sulphides is more apt to carry gold

- 1% - valuesthan is vein-matterwhich is poor insulph,ides.

Quartz is the most abu.ndantgangue-mineral. It often consists of a rather loose aggregate ofcrystals, some of which are an inch long. 'Vhite ca:rbonate gangue, chiefly calcite, occursin small quantity and there is some iron-bearingcarbon- ate.Veins developed in the shears in the volcar.ic rocks con- tainchloritic remnants of wall-rock, some chloritealso occurs in the veins in thegranitic rocks. Parts of mary veinsare banded or ribbonedby fractures, in the vein-matter, parallel withthe vein-walls. Some of thefractures conts.in thin partings of gouge, others havebeen healed by later mineralization. Other parts of the same veins mayshow no banding;.

Sulphideminerals in varying quantity are present in most ofthe veins. They rarelyaverage more than a smallpart of the vein-matter, but locally they may formas much as 50 per cent. of it. They occur gro-an aroundquartz crystals, and fill- ingfractures in the gangueand inearlier sulphi.des. Pre- quently some sulphide mineralization is developec! along the banding of ribbonedveins. Pyrite is oftenin well-formed crystals some of which are 1/2 aninch long. It is the most widespreadand usually the most abundantsulphide!. Chalccpy- rite is found insmall quantity in most of theveins; it seems to bemore abundantin veins in tine volcanicsthan in veins inthe granitic rocks. Sphalerite, with which sclme chxilcopy- rite is oftenclosely associated, and galena,occur in many of the veins, and locally may form animportant part of the vein-filling. They appear to be more abundant in veinsin thegranitic rocks than in veins in the volcanics. Pyrrhotite and marcasite,derived from it, werefound in veins in the Noble and Noble B groups.Arsenopyrite was found. in a vein inquartz-diorite on the Casinogroup. Covellite seen in several veins was probablyderived from chalcopyrite.

Polishedsections of specimensfrom the veins in granitic and volcanicrocks, from variousparts of the area, were studiedmicroscopically. Most of thesections cEme fromveins in the BedwellRiver batholith near Sam CraigCreek. The sections studied are of vein-matter well-mineralize2 with sulphides.Pyrrhotite surrounded by chalcopyrite WE& found in a section from the -You vein which also contains pyrite; but elsewherepyrite and pyrrhotitewere not found in the same vein. The microscopicstudy indicated that chalc:opyrite, sphalerite andgalena are later than the pyrite, and that galenaand probably some chalcopyrite are later t,han the sphalerite. Gold, found in most of thesections, appeared to beabout as lateas the latest sulphides. The relationships of gold and of thevarious sulphides are discussed in more de-

- 19 - tail in notes on properties,particularly in thereport on the Musketeerand Shamrock groups.

Veins in the area have a large range inattitude. Those within the BedwellRiver batholith, near Sam CraigCreek,'may bedivided into two groups with attitudes noted:-

I. Strike,from 10 to 30 degreeseast of north; Dip,from 85 degreeswestward to 80 degreeseastward.

11. Strike, fromnorth-east to about due east; Dip,from 45 to 75 degreesnorth-westward or northward.

Outside the limited area mentioned the veins are found in more diverse attitudes.

ReplacementDeposits

Limestonelenses more or lessreplaced by silicates and metallicminerals, near the PennyCreek intrusivehave already beenmentioned. kt onepoint on thegroup,limestone, found in contact with granitic rocks, is partlyreplaced by disseminatedgrains of pyrite,chalcopyrite and magnetite. At anotherpoint the metallic minerals have almost completely replacedthe limestone. Elsewhere on this property green silicates with some magnetite are found in the limestone at and near the contacts; the mainmass of thelimestone, however,contains but little introduced material. On theSeattle group,andradite garnet, epidote and magnetitewith more or less pyrite and chalcopyritecompletely replace limestone and possibly some volcanicrock, and at one pointdisseminated mineralizationconsisting of magnetite,pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite was observedin the limestone. On the Galena groupmagnetite, pyrite and chalcopyritereplace fine-grained volcanicrock. On the trail, a little more than a milenorth- easterlyfrom the bridge at 3-mile, there is anexposure of chalcopyrite filling joints and to some extent replacing the volcanicsin the walls of thejoints. This occurrence was described.under "Empress" in the Annual Reports,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, 1917 and 1918, at whichtime thesurface was stripped. The informationavailable indicates that thegold content at these occurrences'is low. The copper content is variable; some of thematerial is richin copper. The work done on the occurrences referred to, has not de- velopedcommercial ore-bodies. The copper-bearingdeposits on Big Interior Mountain were not visited by the writer, From descriptionsin several Annual Reports,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, it appearsthat they are replacement

- 20 - deposits and that at least some of themineralization.may carry moderate values in gold.

Bancroft (l), refers to a magnetitedeposit reported to havebeen found on the divide between the first important tributary of the Moyeha Riverand the Bedwell River. This seems tobe near the head of PennyCreek. Magnetite occurs in deposits on lower Penny Creekbut the grade wc,uld notmeet commercial specifications. However, there may bemagnetite deposits, of commercial interest,replacing limee,tone in the area.

Earlier in this bulletin reference was made to a stock- work of quartz veins close to the contact in Dry Creek north of the BedwellRiver. Disseminated pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite mineralization occurs in the veins and partly replaces the wall-rocks. The Crown-grantedclaims Belvidere and Annex (not shown on Fig. 1) are und,erstood to cover this 0cc:urrence. It is reportedthat sampling ofsome of the veins indicated moderate values in gold. The boundaries of the claj.mswere un- known to the writer. As no guide was available,the deposit was n0.t examined in detail and is not described in this bulletin.

Placer-Mining

Ear1.y reports on the BedwellRiver area refer to placer- mining. The scenes of prin.cipalactivity are bel-ieved to have been on the north-western side of the river about five miles from the mouth,and just above a canyon-section ofwhich the up-stream end is about 6 1/'2 miles from the mouth. In the spring of1939 an effort was made to recover gold from the rivergravel below thelowest canyon-section approximately 3 milesfrom the mouth of theriver. From thispoint to the mouth, theriver-bed is wid.e, bed-rockexposures are known to the writer at onepoint only, and there are extensive flats principally on thenorth-western side of the river. The placeroperation attempted in the spring of 1939 was on ground understood to be included in the Agnes placer-claim registered in the name of J. W. Lamb. Two wing-4ams wereconstructed and it is reported that some gold was recoveredbefore'high water made it necessaryto cease operations. Some tes.: pits were sunk a few feet on the flat westof the river, near the wing- dams. It is reportedthat gold was recovered at the wing-dams, in the test pits, and from testing and panninga:long the river. So faras the writer knows, testinghas :lot been sufficiently extensive to determine the nature of thegravel, depthto bed-rock, or average values. Gold recoxeredin testing is reported 'to be ratherfine, but not flour gold. Large boulderssuch as might be expected in a country ,of suchrugged

- 21 - topographywere not seen in the river-channel by the writer. Four placer-leases,extending down-strean for a total distance of'approximately 2 miles from the &es claim,were granted on January23rd, 1940, to Frank A. Gel (Lease143), W. A. Noel (Lease 144), H. Noel (Lease 145) andCarl Noel (Lease 146).

NOTES ON PROPERTIES AND MINERAL DEPOSITS.

The claimsProsper Nos. 1 to 8 covering PROSPERGROUP. -rround between Bedwell River and Ursus (No.1 - Fig.1)Creek were recorded in December 1938,Feb- ruary1939 and March 1933. The registered owners are, C. A. Elkington, K. Elkington, R. Erickson, An- thony Guppy, Ethel W. Guppy, Walter Guppy, Snton.Hillebrand andAnton Knes. Shallowcuts and strippinghave been made ex- posing a vein extending easterly from the portal of an old adit and north-easterly from the adit there are some old cuts on another vein. It is reported that the old workings were made about 1903 when the ground was held under the name Pakeha.

North-easterly fromthe confluence of Ursus Creekwith BedwellRiver the ground is relatively flat.for about half a mile,then it begins to rise steeply at the end or" a rocky spur whichextends south-westerly from Ursus Mountain,between the two streams. h smallcabin has been built at the south- easternside of aedwellRiver near a sharpbend. The cabin is reached by a rough trail, about half a milelong, which leaves the main trail at the eastern side of PennyCreek. The BedwellRiver, a widestream near the cabin, is crossed on a Foot-log. The portal of theold adit, at approximately 325 feetelevation, is roughly a tenth of a mileeasterly from the cabin and approximately 260 feet higher than the river-levelat the cabin.

The rocksexposed near the workings are fine-grained volcanios of the Vancouvergroup. It is probablethat the voloanicsare intruded by dykes associated with the Penny Creek intrusive which lies to the north-west across Bed7well River. The adit and surfaceworkings extending easterly from it exposefracturing which strikes about north 70 degreeseast and dips 65 to 70 degreesnorthward. Some branch-fractures, striking north-easterly anddipping north-westward, run into thehanging-wall. There has been shearing along the main fracture and chloriticremnants of wall-rockappear in lenti- cularmasses of quartzdeveloped inthe shear. At some points quartzstringers and disseminatedgrains of pyriteare de- velopedin sheared altered wall-rock. Usually the shearing

- 22 - is confined to Tfidths notexceeding 18inc'hes, but at some points this width is greater. Some of the quartz is moderatelywell mineralized with pyrite and chalcopyrite. A little free gold was seen in honey-combed vein-matterfrom the outcrop.

In the'adit,quartz from 1 inchto 5 inches wide oontain- ing a littlesulphide mineralization occurs along shearing at thefoot-wall, branch-fractnres extend north-easterly to a slip parallel with the footwall-slip and 2 or 3 feet from it. In a line easterly from the adit-portal, surface cuts, pits or strippings havebeen made at 12 points, the farthest is 420 feeteasterly from, and about 200 feethigher than, the adit. The first two cutsabove the portal expose poorly-mineralized vein-matter.Pits 1 foot to 4 feetdeep, 115 feet and135 feet from theportal, do no-t exposebed-rock. The nextcut exposes 6 inches of quartz with some chlorite butlittle sulphidemineralization. In thenext cut, about 200 feet from theportal, quartz 16 inches wide is fairlyxell mineralized for 3 or 4 inchesfrom the hanging-wall. The next two cuts exposeirregular masses of quartz from 3 to 12 incheswide. The next,about 300 feet from theadit-portal, exposes well- mineralizedquartz 7 to 9 incheswide at thehanging-wall separated by a narrowhorse from 7 inches of quartz at the foot-wall. At about 345 feet from theportal, quartz 6 to lC incheswide is exposed in a verticalface, and is narrow- estat the top. The quartz is ribbonedand contains some chalcopyrite.Sheared wall.-rock is replaced irregularly by quartzand white carbonate .for 8 t'o 14. inches to thehanging- walland for 20 to 24 inches tothe foot-wall. Mineraliza- tion,consisting principally of thereplacement-material, is exposed to a pointabout 375 feetI'romthe portal, narrow- ingas it is followedeasterly. At 380 feet from. theportal a fault with shearing 20 incheswide, strike north 60 degrees east and dip80 degrees north-westward, crosses the continuation of thereplacement-material. ii cutextending 0 or10 feet easterly from the fault exposes replacement-material with some vein-quartzover ;a totalwidth of 10 to 15inches. The lastcut, 25 feetnorth-easterly, exposes a lens of quartzand carbonate with some chlorite. The lens,up to 7 incheswide, is in 6 fracturewhich strikes north 40 degrees east and dips 85 degreesnorth-westward.

The following samples were taken from this series of cuts, between200 and 390 feet from the adit-portal.

- 23 - i Distance As .I Xidth Sample from adit Description Gold Silver portal. Number inches oz. per ton oz. per ton feet

1 2 00 16 Quartz, well-mineralized with sulphides for 3 or 4 inches from hanging-wall. 0.66 1.6

2 2 75 5 Quartz, little sulphide mineralization. 0.14 Trace

9 Quartz, well-mineralized for 3 1/2 inches from hanging- wall. kt hangingwall-side of horse. 0.44 1.8 4;I5 300 6 Horse of wall-rock. 0.02 Trace 7 Foot-wall-quartz, some sulphides. 0.84 0.8

6 11 Replacement-material in hanging-wall. Trace Trace

345 7 Central. quartz, some chalcopyrite. 0.80 0.2

8 20 Replacement-material in 7l foot-wall. Trace Trace Distance Assay Sample from adit Width Description Gold Silver Number portal Inches 0%. perton feet oz. per ton I

14 Principally replacement- material, 8 feeteasterly from fault. Trace Trace

NOTE: Sample No. 1 contained 1 percent. copper and sample No. 3 contained 0.7 percent, the coppercontent of theother samples was f negligible.

N cn I About250 feet north 50 degrees east from the adit-portal there is an oldcut..at approximately 440 feetelevation. It exposesquartz with some carbonate,chlorite and a little chalcopyrite in a fracture which strikes .about north 60 degrees east and dips 65 degreesnorth-westwwd. A sample acrossthe 20-inchwidth assayed: Gold, 0.26 02. perton; silver, 0:8 02. perton. Approximately 40 feetwesterly and the same distance lower inelevation, another cut exposes the vein which here consists of 8 inches of quartzseparated by a "horse" 8 inches.widefrom quartz 3 to 5 incheswide. The quartzcon- tains a little chalcopyrite.

Thisproperty consists of 7 Crown-granted SEATTLEGROUP. claims,Seattle, Lot 700;Brooklyn, Lot (No.2 - Fig.lj 701; Omaha, Lot702; New York,Lot 703; Tacoma, Lot 704; GreyMule, Lot705; and Rebecca,Lot 706; situated on PenuyCreek on thenorth-western side of the Bedwell River. The claimswere staked in 1896 and 1898and are therefore among the oldest locations in the area. They were Crown-granted in 1907 butlater reverted to the Crown, and wereagain Crown-granted in 1928. The registered owners are Yfilliam Lyon McIntosh and Douglas G. W. Aimer of Victoria.

Early work on the property was directed principally toward the discovery and exploration of copper-bearing replacement deposits,but some interest was also shown in quartz veins.References to theearlier work on theproperty appear in the Annual Reports,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, for 1898,1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1919 and 1928. In the summer of 1939 a small crew wasemployed on theproperty. Some attention was paid to replacement-mineralization on whichone cut was made. The principal effort was directed toward the discovery of quartz veins whichmight be expected to be gold- bearing, and a surfacecut was made on onesuch vein. A cabin was built on the flat between the road and the river, about half a mile north-easterly from the Penny Craek crossing.

The groundcovered by theclaims includes low benches whichextend some distance.from the Bedwell River, and slopes which risesteeply fromthe benches. The creeksouth-west ofPenny Creek is essentially at grade, but the basin of PennyCreek is hanging with respect to the river-valley. North-east of the creek a ridge, rising to about 1,500 feet elevation, separates the PennyCreek basin from the river- valley. The oldworkings are situated near the southern end of this ridge at approximateelevations from 625 to 825 feet. They arereached by a rough trail aboutseven-eighths of a

- 26 - milelong, which leaves the main trail at a poini; west of PennyCreek. The new surface-cut on a gold-bearingquartz vein is situated on the steep eastern slope of the ridge at approximately 725 feet elevation androughly a quarter of a milenorth-easterly fromth.e old workings. A rough trail about a third of a milelong runs north-westerly to this work- ingfrom a point at the mainroad about half a mile north- easterly from the PennyCreek crossing.

The rocksunderlying the Seattle are principally volcanics and recrystallized limestone of the Vancouver group, lying southerly fromthe projecting tongue of the Penny Creek intrusive.Aplite and quartz-dioritedykes, associated with the main intrusive are f0un.d in the rocks of the Vancouver group,and are mora abundan.t at the creek and south-west of it thannorth-east of thecreek near the old workings. The oldworkings consist of two adits, a shaft, and some surface cuts,all designed to explore replacement-mineral-ization. Garnet,epidote, magnetite, pyrite and chalcopyrlte, in vary- ingproportions, have replaced limestone and prohably some volcanicrock. Some of thismaterial is almostfkee of sul- phidesbut one surfaceexposure, about 8 feetwide, appears to be rich in chalcopyrite. The old workingsdid not .prove substantial tonnage of such mineralization and they will not bedescribed here. Further reference to this type of mineral- izationappears under the headings "VancouverGroup" and "Re- placementDeposits" earlier in this bulletin. In 1939 a surfacecut was made in recrystallizedlimestone, about 5 feet wide,lying just west of rock composed almostentirely of garnet,epidote, magnetite and sulphides.Magnetiite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and some sphaleriteare disseminatec: through the limestone at the eastern side but the mineralization dies out about mi.dway in thelimestone. Selected well-mineralized material from theeastern side assayed: Gold, 0.1CI oz.per ton;silver, 0.1 02. perton.

On the newly-discovered vein a surface cut runs for about30 feet east of northalong the root of a ?!luff of fine-grainedvolcanic rock. It exposes a fracture of low dipnorthward, and other fractures branching downward from it which strike about due east and dipsouthward at moderate angles. In thefractures, vein-mineralization, consisting of quartzwith some pyrite and a little galena, cccurs with gouge of crushedwall-rock. Branching fractures near the southern end of theexposure swell to widths of e inches,but average much less. The main fracture is tight at thesouthern end of theexposure but widens to 3 or 4 inchesin the central part andnarrows again to about 1/2 an inch at the north- ernend. The followingsamples were taken from thiscut.

" 27 - AS Y Description Gold Silver oz. perton oz. perton

Main Fracture

(1) Width 3 1/2 inches,15 feet fromsouthern end of cut. 0.32 Trace

(2) Width 4 inches, 22 to 24 feet fromsouthern end of cut. 0.04 Trace

Branchbelow Main Fracture at southern end of*

(3) Average width 2 1/2 inches, 0 to 9 inchesfrom main fracture. 0.14 Trace

j4j Average width 5 inches, 9 to 22 inchesfrom main fracture. 1.22 Trace

The claims, Jessie, ”Alice and Bunty, record- AVON GROUP. ed in December 1938,and the Avon Exten- (No.3 - Fig.1) .__No. 1 and Avon Extension No. 2 recordedin February1939, are known as the e group. The recorded owners are,Messrs. Mackenzie, Matterson and the firm ofTowler and Alitchell,all of Torino. It is reported that the claims were optionedto Messrs. Marchant, Tait and Bruggy in 1939. G. W. Bruggy hasbeen in charge of work on the property since midsummer of 1939.

The claims lie west of the Be&well Riverabout 3 miles fromtidewater. A shortbranch-trail leads from the main Bed- well River trail to two cabins on the property at about 325 feetelevation, near the foot of a steepslope to theeast. The workings are situated ox the steep slope at elev a t’Ions from 500 to 1,250 feet.

In the Annual Reports,Mini.ster of Mines, British Colum- bia,for 1898,1899 and 1900, thereare brief references to the Castle whichapparently covered ground now included in the -Avon. Old workings, consisting of two shafts, an adit, and

- 28 -

, some surfacecuts, were designed to prospect magr..etite-chalcopyrite-pyrite mineralization in recrystallized limestone,' and fractures coataining quartz-sulphide mineralization carry- ingvalues in gold.Recent workings consist of surfacecuts and strippingalong the course of a newly-discoveredvein, and an adit which is reported to have been driven on this vein since the writer examined the property in September1939.

The rocksunderlying the property, consisting of quartz- diorite of the PennyCreek intrusives,diorite, limestone, andesitic and fine-grainedamygdaloidal volcanics and granitic dykes,are well exposed on the bluffs and on thesteep upper slopes. The PennyCreek intrusiveunderlies the .western part of theproperty. At theeastern margin of the main intrusive thereare small masses of diorite in intimate rel.s.ticnship withthe quartz-diorite. The limestone is recryataliized and appearsto be in discontinuousmasses between the intrusive to thewest and the volcanics to the east. The maximum width of limestoneobserved wasabout, 80 feet. Numerous irregular granitic dykes were seen in the volcanics, east o:P the lime- stoneand not far from the contact with the intrusive.

The principalrocks exposed and the relative positions of theworkings, as of September 1939, areindicated on Fig. 2 accompanying thisreport. The three veins on which work hasbeen done are designated for convenienceas "A" Vein, "B" Vein and "GI' Vein. The approximatepositions from which sampleswere taken have been indicated by arrowsconnected with reference numbersenclosed in circles.Descriptions of samples and assays of the samples aregiven in the followj.ng notes.

""A". Vein, reported to bea recent discovery, is a fracture with varying widths of vein-mineralization and gouge. The strike changes at a number of points but is generally north of east and thedip ranges from 35 degreesto 60 degreesnorthward. The wallsare of fine-grainedvolcanics, amygdaloidal at some points, andtowards the western end are intruded by irregular masses of graniticrock. The vein was exposed in two sections by cuts and etripping, at the north side of, or in, a rockygully. The easternsection, about 100 feetlong, was separated from the60-foot western section by a distance of approximately 650 feet. A shortdistance from the eastern section the topography suggests that a fault may cross thestrike of thevein. West of thispoint both walls of thegully are steep., About 250 feet from theeast- ernsection a smallcut exposes 6 inches of gouge, thence to the western section the vein was not exposed.

The wall-rock along the fracture has been cru,jhed and

- 29 - e LEGEND

I W 0 I

Fig. 2. Plan of workings, Avon group,

, sheared for widths ranging from 1 inch to about 3 feet. Splits or strandsdiverge from the main fracture. Vein- mineralization consisting of quartz with some calcite, with or withoutsulphides, occurs as lenses in the m:2in fracture and as the filling of thejoints in the walls. The sulphides, which are generally sparingly distributed in ths gangue- minerals,consist of pyrit,e,chalcopyrite and occasionally a little galena.

In the first 40 feet of the eastern section the fracture is verynarrow, but west of the intersection with a joint there is from 6 inches to 30 inches of gougeand usually from 1 1/2 inchesto 15 inches of quartzwith some c:dcite and usually some sulphidemineralization. Sample No. 1 listed later in this report came from a point about 60 feet from the end of thissection.

In the western section cuts exposed the >vein for a length of about 60 feet at the eastern end of which the ground was faced up for anadit. The strike of thefracture changes markedly at two points. h few feetfrom the ea:;tern end of thissection sample No. 2 was takenacross quar-tz 6 1/'2 incheswide lying above a foot of gouge. To thewest the vein narrowsbut widens again to about14 inches. Sample No. 3 across gouge 8 inches wide at foot-wall, andsample No. 4 across 6 inches of quartzlying above the gouge,,were taken about 25 feetwest of No: 2. The quartz of sample No: 4 contained some pyrite and some galena. From a few feet beyond this point to the end of this section a cut follows rusty gouge,10 inches to.15 inches wide, containing crushed quartz. Sample No. 5 was taken from the end of thecut. In thissection a number of quartz stringers run into the walls from the main fracture. The fine-grainedvolcanics are invaded by small irregular masses of granitic rock. Epido7;e and some magnetiteare developed in. the altered volcanic::.

- 31 - Samples from "A" Vein

Width T As 5 1 Sample No. Description Inches Gold Silver oz.per ton oz. perton

Quartz with some sulphide. 8 0.26 1.9

Crushed wall-rock with some quartz. 6 l/2 Trace Trace

Foot-wall-section,bouge with some quartz. 8 0.02 Trace

I w Hangingwall-section, N quartz with some pyrite andgalena. 6 2.50 1.1

Channel .across vein, rusty gouge and crushedquartz. 15 0.12 Trace

-Note: Samples 3 and 4 give section across vein approximately 25 feetwest of sample 2. Rest of the western section there is a shallow basin in which diorite,recrystallized limestone and alteredvolcanics outcrop at variouspoints. sour cuts in 1 1/'2 to 3 feet of overburdenexpose chiorite, magnetite and quartzas irregular contact-mineralization. About 275 feet west of thewestern section, a veincontaining 2 to 7 inches of quartzwith some sulphides in a 5-footdacite dyke, is exposed in a bluff of quartz-dioriteat the head of thebasin. Both veinand dyke strike about north 40 degreeswest and dip 65 degreesnorth- eastward.

"B" Vein. From a poj.ntabout 350 feet sou-;h-westerly fromthe western cuts on "A" Vein,old cuts and stripping fol- OW "B" Veinnortherly for 125 feet. The averagestrike is eastof north and the dip is about45 degrees westward. At the southern end dacite andquartz-porphyry dykes follow the contactbetween limestone on the east and the quartz-diorite masson thewest. Eere the vein cuts the dacite; farther north it divergeswesterly from the contact into thequartz- diorite.There is fracturingfor widths from a re7# inches to about two feet,the width being greatest towards the southern end.Quartz containing some pyrite,chalcopyrite and galena occurs as veins or lenses from 1 inch to 5 incheswide in the fractures. Sample No. 6 taken 40 feet from thesouthern end, across 2 .l/2 inches of quartzcontaining some pyrite,assayed: Gold, Z,44 oz.per ton; silver, 1.2 oz.per ton. Selected well-mineralizedmaterial assayed: Gold, 5,44 oz. perton; silver,2*5 oz. per ton. Thence northerlyto a cutat the end of the exposure the vein is inquartz-diorit,e and contains vuggy quartz 1 1/2'to 3 inches wide.

Vein,which lies well to thenorth-west theother ""C" of showings,outcrops along quartz-diorite bluffs. It strikes about north-west and dips about 45 degreessouth-westward. h shaftnear the north-western end of theexposure is pre- sumed to havebeen sunk in 1898 or 1899. From this point for about110 feet to the south-east there is evidence of thevein; but it was covered by debrisexcept at a few points. The quartz-diorite is cut by shears and joints parallel with the fracture along which there is deoomposed and rusty material from 7 or 8 inches to about 2 feetin width. The following samples were taken from the rusty oxidized material exposed atthe surface. The widthsare measured normal to the dip of the vein.

- 33 - ~ ~ ~~ ~~ Sample No. Description Width Silver Inches 02. perton 02. perton

~~ I 7 Rusty gouge at foot-wall. 5 2.44 1 Trace

8 Adjoiningrusty quartz containing some pyrite and galena. , 10 0.44. Trace 9 Crushed rusty wall-rock in hanging-wall of No. 8. 10 0.10 0.3

10 Crushed rusty vein fill- ingjust south-east of shaft. 12

.-Note: Samples 7, 8 and 9 give a section across the vein in a shallowcut about 70 feet south of the shaft. -Mineralized Limestone_

The oldworkings on theproperty include a cutnear the southern end of "B" Vein. This cut runs west exposingre- crystallizedlimestone containing magnetite, with well-crystallizedpyrite, and some chalcopyrite. The metallicminerals form a relatively small part of the whole.Othar workings ly- ingabout 900 feet to the north consist of a shaft sunk from thesurface and, an adit-crosscut. At the shaf-5 there is a good deal of mineralized material consisting of magnetite withchalcopyrite, pyrite and some calcite. The mineralization -ms notexposed in place at the surface, and the shaft was notopen. The adit wa.s drivenwest for about 265 feet, from a pointabout 125 feet east of, and 120feet lowerthan, the collar of theshaft. It passedthrough about 50 feet of limestone andended at thecontact betweenlimestone and quartz- diorite, which lieswest of thelimestone. There is some chlorite and possibly some amphibole in the limestone near thecontact, but little or no sulphide or magnetitemineral- ization. At theother contact, 50 feet from theface, there is an open fracture striking north 30 degrees west and dipping 70 degreesnorth-eastward. quartz-diorite dyke lies on thenorth-eas-tern side of the fracture, and ?or 2 or 3 feet on thesouth-western side chlorite, magnetite and garnetre- placethe limestone. Away from thecontacts the limestone is comparativelyunaltered and unmineralized. The other rocksexposed in the adit consist of volcanics out by irregular masses of quartz-diorite and by a dacite dyk:e. The claimsGalena Naand -G-alena No. 2 GALENA GROUP. wererecorded in December 192'8, inthe (No.4 - Fig.1) names of 3. Matterson and J. Von Brendel. They co'verground referred to underthe same name inthe Annual Reports,Minister of Mines,British Columbia, for 1899,1900 and 1916.These reportsrefer to a 9-footshaft and to an ope:?-cutapproach. Samples referred toin the 1916report assayed: Gold, trace;silver, trace and0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 21.4'per cent and 3.1 per cent. It appears that these represented selected material.

The property is reached by a branch-trail about half a mile long which leaves'the main BedwellRiver trail near the 3-Milepoint. Accommodation consists of a well-built,artis- tic, shake-cabin. The oldworkings, at about300 feet elevation,are situated near the foot of a steep slope to the Bed- wellRiver. Timberand brush-growth are heavyexcept on the rock-bluffs.

The property is under]-ain by volcanic rocks of the Van-

- 35 - couvergroup intruded by graniticdykes. The oldworkings consist of a 40-foot cut in rock, at the northern end of which there is a shaft -ahich was full of water when the property was examined. A fairlystrong joint, striking about north 25 degrees east and dipping 75 degreesweshard, runs the length of the cut andforms the foot-wall of magnetite- chalcopyritemineralization, which is exposed in the northern 25 feet of thecut. A set of jointsstriking about due north and dippingsteeply, intersects the footwall-joint and the mineralizationextends a short distance to the north along them.The westernboundary of mineralization is irregular; thewidth is from 2 or 3 to about15 inches. The mineralized materialconsists of alteredvolcanic rock more or less replaced by magnetiteand chalcopyrite. h sectionstudied microscopically consisted largely of diopside with masses of magnetite and chalcopyritecontaining residual grains of diopside.Chlorite veinlets out the diopside and themetallic minerals. The wall-rock is bleached and altered.

The 14claims included in the two NOBLE AND NOBLE B. groupswere recorded in August andSep- GROUPS.. tember1938. The registered Owners are, (No.5 - Fig.1) Noble Cornelius,Clarke Gibson, Earson Gibson,Gordon Gibson, John L. Gibson, and Julia E. Gibson. A cabinbuilt on thesouth-western s'ide of Noble (Clarke)Creek, at approximately 850 feetelevation, is reachedby a branch-trail about a quarter of a milelong whichleaves the Bedwell River trail a short distance easterly from the 5-Milepost. The claimscover ground on both sides of thecreek, north of theriver. Steep slopes cut'by narrow dralrrs flankboth sides ofNoble Creek. This part of the area has beenburned over and densesecond-gro;vth now rises between thecedar snags.

The underlying rocks include andesitic and basaltic volcanics with some thin members which may be alteredtuffs, intruded by dykes of quartz-diorite. The westerncontact of the Bedwell Riyer batholith crosses the hesd of Dry Creek just east of NobleCreek. Numerous dykesextending westerly into the volcanics, and the pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite mineralization foundnear the contact, have been mentioned earlier in this bulletin.

Xhen the property was visited early in August 1939, a number of veinshad been discovered and open-cuts hadbeen made on some of them, butdevelopment workwas r.ot extensive. Several of the reported discoveries were not examined by the writer. The veinswhich were examined wereexposed near the creekbetween 675 feet and 875 feet elevation, and north-

- 36 - east of the creek from approximately 1,200 feet to 1,725 feet elevation. Most of them arein the volcanics, apparently oc- cupying joints alongwhich there has been some shea.ring. The joints seem to have controlled the attitudes of some dykes, andone veinoccurs in a 17-footdyke of quartz-diorite. The veinsexposed near the creek,.the walls of thedyke, and a wider vein north-east of the creek, strike from25 degrees to 40 degreeseast of north. Most of theveins and the dykesdip from 65 degrees to 75 degreessouth-eastward, one vein dips 80 degrees north-westward, and the wider vein stands vertically. The veins exposed at 'higherelevations nort,h-east of the creek strike from due north to 20 degreeseast of north and dipeastward from 60 degreesto 70degrees. Pcr part of its lowercourse the creek follows joints which strike about north 55 degreeswest and dip 80 degreessouth-westward. They arenot mineralized where seen by the writer. One joint, striking north 70 degrees we&and dipping 55 degreessouth- ward,appears to offset slightly a vein-filled joir!t which strikesnorth 40 degrees east and dips 75 degreessouth-eabt- ward.

Most of the fissures occupied by veins pinch and .swell locally and rarely exceed 8 or 9 inchesin width, k:ut north- east of the creek mineralization ocours in several shears whichreach widths of 2 feet or more.Quartz, carbonate and sulphidesoccur as lenses or veinsin the partly-replaced shearedwall-rock. The sulphidesrarely form more than a moderatepercentage of thevein-filling. Along some of the widerfractures, the wall-roc:k has been bleached an.d in some casessilicified for a fewinches fromthe veins. The sulphidesinclude pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, galena, some sphalerite and probably some pyrite.Pyrrhotite and chalcopyriteare the most common. Lfarcasite is probablyde- rivedfrom pyrrhotite. Galena with some sphaleriteoccurs as narrowlenses or streaks i.n theveins. Pree gold was re- portedfrom several of theveins. The writertook several samples, most of which were of vein-material carrying an ap- preciable quantity of sulphides and represent the better- mineralizedveins or parts of veins. The assaysand other dataconcerning these samples are listed in the following table.

- 37 - As E 1 Description Gold Silver oz. perton oz. perton Veins atcreek, belowcabin ..

(1) South-westernside of creek Average 3 incheswide, quartz with sulphides. 1.54 0.6 (2) Worth-westernside of creek 50 yardsbelow No.1, 2 1/2 inches,quartz with sulphides. 0.12 0.1 kt south-westernside of creek, ibovecabin

(3) 1 1/2 inches,vein with sul phides, at foot-wall of dyk 2.04 1.2 (4)Vein in dyke 2 feet from foot-wall.Best mineralize materialnear floor or^ cut, quartz and sulphides. 0.58 0.2 reinsnorth-east of creek

:5)"Sulphide Vein," sample across19 inches, at bottom or" exposure. 0.30 0.2

:6j "HighGrade Lead" innarrow draw at 1,725 feet eleva- ti.on, 9 1,'2 inchesvein- matter,not much sulphide. 0.60 0.1 :7j 50 feet down slope on same vein, 7 inchesvein-matter, well-mineralized at hanging. wall. 0.80 0.1 4) Probablyparallel vein a shortdistance east of "Higl GradeVein" and 175 feet down slope from No. 7.

4 1/2 inchesquartz and sulphides 0.90 0.7 Selectedsulphides 4.00 0.8

- 38 -

\ Therugged nature of the country and the heavygrowth made it difficult to determine closely the relative positions of the showings,and with the closely-spaced parallel veins, made it impossiblein some cases to besure whether or not nearby exposures are on the same vein.

One of thelonger exposures is on the"sulphide lead," on the steep bluffs north-east of the creek between1,200 feet and 1,300feet elevation. It consistsof shearing from 1 footto 3 feet wide, infine-grained volcanic rock. The shearstrikes about north 35 degreeseast and dipsalmost vertically.In the shear there is quartzconfined principally to a width of 6 or 8 inches and the rest of the shear consists of altered wall-rock with which there is some actinolite.Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and marcasite are found in the quartz anddisseminated through the sheared wall-rock. A branch-fracture to the west of the mainbreak contains 8 or 9 inches of quartz. Sample No. 5 inthe preceding table was takenacross 19 inches, the full width of the shear at the bottomof theexposure. This exposure is welltoward the eastern part of the property, not far from the Belvidere. "

On thesteep slope north-east of thecreek, about one half mile north-westerly from the "sulphidelead," there are several fractures whichcontain lenses and veins of quartz and carbonate and partly-replacedsheared fine-grained volcanicrock. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and occasionallygalena and sphalerite,occur in the Trein-matterand disseminated through the altered rock within the fractures andsometimes in the walls. The wall-rock is shearedfor widths up to 2 feet. At one point a width of '18 inchesconsists largely of quartzpractically without sulphides. At another,narrow quartzstringers occur for 2 or 3 feetin the foot-wall of a 3-inch vein of quartz and carbonate. The 3-inchvein contains some sulphides,but the foot-wall stringers are essentially free from sulphides. The better-mineralizedparts of the veins that were seen, are from 3 to 9 incheswide.

On September9th 1939 the writer 'was guided 0. K. GROUP by N. W. McIvor to showings,north of the (No.6 - Pig.1) BedwellRiver and east of Dry Creek.These showingsappeared to beon groundcovered by the claims -0. K. No. 3 and 0. K. Eo. 4 of which the number one postswere found. According tothe inscription on the posts, theclaims were staked on April 27th, 1939, the 0. K. NO. 3 by D. Shepherdand the 0. K. No. 4 by Shepherd " asagent for McIvor; theywere recordedin April 1939.

The showings areabout half a milenorth of ths river,

- 39 - from 1,500 to 1,650 feet elevation, .on the steep slope rising from a flat which extends for some distance north of the river. The underlyingrock is quartz-diorite. A fracture, exposed alow the bluffs, strikes from 70 degrees to 30 degrees west of north 'and dips from 45 degrees to 55degrees northward. About 75 feetfrom the western end of theexposure, at approx- imately1,600 feet elevation, a cuthas been made underan overhangingbluff. For a length of 15 feetthe cut exposes a fracture, 2 1/2 to 5 incheswide, containing ribboned quartz 2 to 3 inchesin width, and shearedwall-rock. There is a little fine-grained pyrite in the sheared and altered wall- rock within the fracture, but the quartz contains very little sulphidemineralization. The face of theoverhanging bluff extending for about175 feet easterly from the cut probably representsthe hanging-wall of thevein. About 200 feeteasterly from the cut a smallopen-cut has been made on the west side of a drawwhich cuts into the bluffs to the north. In theopen-cut the fracture is from 3 to 10 incheswide, and containsfrom 1 inch to 2 inches of gouge alongthe sides of 5 1,"Z to 6 1/2 inches of sulphide-bearingqu.artz.~ The vein is exposed for about 3 feet along..-the strike over a vertical range of 2 1/2 feet.There is but littlesulphide mineralization at the top or bottom of the exposure, but in themiddle there is heavysulphide mineralization consisting of sphalerite,pyrite and some galena. A sampleacross 6 inches of well-mineralizedvein assayed: Gold, 0.1 02. per ton; silver, 6.3 02. perton. On theeast side of the draw, 30 to 40 feet away, atabout 1,500 feet elevation, the vein is exposed striking north 30 degrees west and dipping 45 degrees to 50 degreesnorthward. In the first 5 feetthe quartz widens from 6 to10 inches, it is exposedagain 5 feetfarther east, 2 1/2 incheswide, and 2 feet to the south s quartz vein 6 incheswide is exposed. The 6-inchvein may be a split from theother fracture. The vein had notbeen followed east of thispoint. In the 5-foot section in which thevein widens from 6 to 10 inchesthere is gouge 1 inchto 2 inchesthick alongthe walls. In theeasterly 2 feet of thissection, alongthe footwall-side, there is heavysulphide mineralization which at the eastern end is 2 1/2 incheswide. The rest of thequartz contains but little sulphide mineralization.

The two followingsamples were taken giving a complete cross-section of the vein mineralization at the widest point.

- 40 - Description

2 1/2 inchesheavy sulphides at f oot-wall

7 1/2 inchesquartz with little sulphide mineralization,from previous sample to hanging-wall. 0.60 1 2.6

The eightclaims of theMusketeer group MUSKETEW AND and five claims of the Shamrock,groupwere SHAMROCK GROUPS. recorded in September1938. A registered (No.8 - Pig.1)agreement covers the sale of theclaims by Patrick McCrory to MusketeerMines, Limited, (X. P. L.), a company with head officein Vancouver.

The property is situatedsouth of Bedwell River on lower Sam CraigCreek. It is reached by a branch-trail which runs southerlyfrom the main trail at a pointabout 7 l/’4 milesfrom the head of BedwellSound. The branch-trailcrosses the river at a little less than 600 feet elevation, at a point easterly from Sam CraigCreek. The river-channelat the crossing is wide, it canbe forded by horsesexcept during high-water. Foot-logsacross the river art: apt to b,e carried away by high water. The branch-trailreaches a lower camp on theeastern side of Sam CraigCreek at approximately 625 feet elevation, about a third of a mile from the river. The trail .thencrosses to the western side or‘ the creek and climbs to an upper camp at approximately 950 feetelevation, about three qu.srters of a milefrom the river. Both camps were of a temporar:y nature in 1939.

On bothsides of lower Sam CraigCreek the surEace is irregular. Rocky knolls and ridges areseparated b;y svsampy depressions and narrow draws. The averageslope is steep northward to a small flat alongthe river. Overburden is deep in the flatter areas, surface c.uts havegone down as much as 10 feetwithout reachj.ng bed-rock. Tree-growth is fairly heavy on the flat and on the lowerslopes whcsre the rock is covered by drift.

The discovery in 1938 of the Musketeer vein on the eastern side of Sam Craig Creek did much to stimulate the pres- entactivity in the BedwellRiver Area. The propertyconsist-

- 41 - ing of the Musketeerand Shamrock groups was optioned in the autumn of 1938 to a group includingPioneer GoldMines of B. C., Limited, of Vancouver,and Anglo Huronian Limited, of Toronto. The option was later transferred to MusketeerMines Limited, (N. P. L.)? incorporated on June 21st, 1939.

Development work was started at the property in the autumn of 1938and sincethen has ceen carried on continuously. Pros- pecting has revealed several veins on whichsurface work has beendone. Because thedepth of overburden makes exploration by surfaceworkings difficult, four veinshave been explored by aditsdriven at shalloivdepth. The early workwas done by hand;but in the autumn of 1939arrangements were made to de- velopwater-power on the property, with a view to using rock- drills for a low-level adit, and toprovide power for possible millingoperations in the future.

Fig. 3 accompanying this report shows therelative positions of most of the workings on the property of Musketeer Mines,Limited, in August1939. The approximatepositions from which the writer took samples have been indicated on Fig. 3 by arrowsconnected with reference numbers in circles. Descriptions of most of the veins and workings on the proper- tyare included in this report, but one or two showirgsin- dicated on Fig. 3 arenot described.

When the writer examined theproperty, underground- workhad been suspended, and a campaign of diamond-drilling was inprogress. Various development-faces of thattime have sincebeen advanced, and an adit-crosscut has been started from a point near the' eastern side of Sam CraigCreek conveni- ent to the lower camp, north of thearea covered by Fig.3. Thisadit, about 300 feet lower than the "Main Drift" on the Musketeervein, is beingdriven southerly to intersect the downward projection of the __-Musketeervein at a distance esti- matedroughly at 900 feet.

The writer wishes to.express his thanks to F. Joubin, engineer for MusketeerMines, Limited, and to J. Merritt, thenforeman, who generouslysupplied information concerning theproperty and the Bedwell RiverArea, of greatassistance in the field and in the preparation of this report.

The property, situated about a mile from the western margin of the BedwellRiver batholith, is underlain by granitic rockswhich showsome rangein texture and composition butconsist principally of quartz-diorite. Some finer-grained graniticrock, outcropping along the trail between the camps, is probablyintrusive into thequartz-diorite. Several dykes

- 42 - LEGEND w ith dip Vein with -2 Shear or faultwithdip "L Sketchedcontour with elevatron---iraa Surface'working C7II Positton of sample 0"-

Fig. 3. Plan of workings, Musketeer and Shamrock groups on theproperty are andesite and some others, too altered for definitedetermination, are probably andesitic. The granitic rocks and the dykeshave been altered hyrlrother- mallynear the shears and fractures.

The veins so far discoveredare in fractures along which therehas been more or less shearing and which on their attitudes may be divided into two groups. The onegroup consists of fractures which strike from10 to 30 degrees east of north and range in dip from85 degrees westward to perhaps80 degreeseastward. Some of thesefractures follow the walls of andesiticdykes of the same generalattitude. The othergroup consists of fractures striking from aboutnorth-east to almost due eastand dipping north-westward or northward at angles from 45degrees to 75 degrees. The Musketeervein, belonging to thesecond group, cuts and slightly offsets the Trail vein, belongingto the first group. The veinsare cut by shears which strike from 30 to 80 degrees west of north and dip northward or north-eastward at anglesfrom 45 degrees to 85 degrees. There is some faultingof veins by the shears, the horizontal displacementsobserved are of the order of a few feet or less.

Most of theveins have sections which are ribboned by fracturingin the vein-filling parallel with the walls. In the easterly-striking veins the ribbon fracture-surfaces and the walls of the veins are marked by finegrooving which is essentiallyhorizontal. The wallsof a shearwhich faults the Musketeer vein are also marked by grooving which pitches about55 degrees north-westward.

The vein-fractures usually contain gouge along the walls. Introducedvein-matter consists of quartzwith more or less whitecarbonate gangue and varying proportions of sulphides. The width of thevein.-matte:r observed ranged front a fraction of an inch.to about a foot ;and probablyav'erages less than 6 inches. The quartz, in general, is anaggregate of crystals recognizablewith the unaided eye. The sulphidesconsist of pyrite,sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. The pyrite is frequentlyincoarse crystals. Some good crystals of sphalerite werefound in one vein. The sulphidesoccur following the ribbon-planesin some ribbo.ned-parts of theveins and as irregularmasses which may form a large part of some unbanded parts of the veins. Free gold,generally quite fine, has been found in several of the veins.

The sulphidesare distributed quite irregularly in the veinsand thesulphide content varies greatly frcmmpoint to point in theveins. In a general way it hasbeer. observed that the gold tends to occur in the parts of the veins car- ryingappreciable percentages of sulphides. As a measure of the sulphide content the writer had the total sulphur contents determinedin the samples from this property. In the samples from the Musketeervein the sulphur ranged from a fraction of 1 percent to 7 percent. The higherfigure is probablyequi- valent to more than 15 percent combined sulphides. Samples fromthe o'cher veinsranged as high as 24 percent. sulphur, equivalentto more than 47 percent. combined sulphides. Samples taken by the writer assayed fromstomore than 10 ounces ingold per ton. Samples containing much sulphide mineralization gavehigh assays in gold; and generallyvein- matter moderately well-mineralized with sulphides gave better valuesthan material poor in sulphides. The ratio of goldto totalsulphides is notconstant and in the samples of medium and low sulphide content the gold does not follow the total sulphidecontent corsistently. It is possible that quanti- tative determination of the individual 'sulphidespresent would indicate a more constantrelationship between the gold and one or more of them than is apparentbetween the gold and the totalsulphide content.

Some further light was thrownon the relationship of the goldand sulphides by microscopicstudy of pol.ishedsections of theore. The sectionsstudied consisted of well-mineralizedvein-matter. It was apparentthat the sulphides were developed infractures in the quartz, and thatpyrite is the oldestsulphide. Galena and possiblychalcopyrite are later than sphalerite and thethree are later than pyrite. Grains of freegold were observed, at the margins of the pyrite grains, at contactsbetween pyrite and galena grains, at the marginsof t'ne galena grains, with galena in the veins which cut sphalerite, and in the gangue away from thesulphides.

The coincidence of the gold and sulphides may beex- plained by the theory that the parts of the vein most subject to successive re-opening by fracturing received the sulphides in their order, and receivedgold with or subsequent to the latersulphides. The laterfracturing may have failed to open channels in some parts of the vein moderately well-mineralized withearly sulphides, and may haveopened channels to some poorly-mineralizedparts. Thus moderatelywell-mineralized vein-matter may be low in gold and some poorly-mineralized vein-matter may assay well in gold, although generally the well-mineralizedvein-matter is richer in goldthan is that which carrieslittle sulphide mineralization. Since the gold occurslargely as grains of freemetal it is notto be expected that the ratio with the total sulphide content or withan in- dividualsulphide would beconstant. The microscopicstudy suggests that as an indicator of gold values galena would be better than pyrite. - 46 - Musketeers

Surface cuts in deep overburden expose this vein for a shortpart of. its known length.Because of the d.epth of the overburden the vein was explored by an -adit-drift. driven easterly from Sam CraigCreek atrather shallow depth. This adit, at approximately 950.feet elevation and known as the "Main Drift," had followed the vein easterly from Sam Craig Creek for about 407 feet when theproperty 'was examined in August: 1939. About 125 feet from the Sam CraigCreek portal a branch-drift had beendriven 35 feetsoutherly, following the Trai.1 vein: and " about 317 feet fromthe Sam CraigCreek portal a crosscut entry,driven from .a pointabout 60 feetnorth-westerly, makes connectionwith the drift. The portal of thisentry is on the eastern side of a low ridge on theeastern si.de of Sam CraigCreek.

The strike of thevein changes markedly at two points in thedrift. In thewestern section the strike is aboutnorth 73 degreeseast. At 85 feetfrom the western portal the vein is cut by a shearwhich strikes west of north; in the middle section,easterly from this shear, the vein strikes about north 85 degreeseast. About 255 feet from thewestern portal the vein swings to the left and continuesthence on a strike of north 68 degreeseast. For most of the exposedlength the veindips from 45 to 55 degreesnorthward but it steepens toward the eastern end of the "Main Drift," and 90 feet fromth,e crosscut-entrydips 75 degreesnorthward. Approximately 50 feet from the western portal the vein is cut by a north-westerly-strikingshear. At theshear the eastern' segment of the vein is displacedabout a foot to the south, relative to thewestern segment. At theintersection of theMusketeer and Trail veins the segment of the latter, north of the Musketeervein, is displaced about 2 feet to the west relative to the segment south of the Musketeer vein.

For most of the exposedlength the Musketeer- vein is a fracture with gouge along the walls and contains vein-matter from 1 1/'2 to 7 incheswide. The vein-matterconsists of quartz, a little calcite and irregularly-distributedsulph*.de minerals. Much of thevein. is ribboned or bandedby fractures parallel to the walls and, in parts of theribboned vein,sulphides are developed along the ribbon-fractures. Some parts of the vein show no banding and may contain but little sulphide mineralization or may be well-mineralized withsulphides in irregular masses. The sulphidesinclude pyrite,sphalerite, galena and a minor amount of chalcopyrite. It is reported that fine free gold has been found at a number of points in the vein.

- 47 - At the western portal of the "Main Drift" theMusketeer vein is from 3 to 5 incheswide. About 15feet north-easterly it haswidened to 7 incheswhere for 2 feet the vein, consisting of white quartz with a little sulphide mineralization, is completelycrushed. This narrows to solidwell-mineralized quartz 4 1/2 incheswide, thence to the shear, at 50 feet, the vein is from 3 to 4 1/2 incheswide. Thence easterly to the nextshear, a distance of about 35 feet,the vein-matter consists of ribbonedquite well-mineralized quartz, 3 to 5 1/2 incheswide. Thence easterly for about 70 feetto a point past the branch-drift the vein-matter is from 1, 1/2 to 4 1/2 incheswide. In part it consists of rustygouge, but for most of this section it consistsprincipally or' ribboned quartz. From theintersection with the Trail veineasterly for about 30 feet, to the end of thissection, the Musketeer vein is from 1 112 to 4 1/2 incheswide and consists of ribboned quartzquite well-mineralized with sulphides. High as- saysin gold are reported from sampling of this section of the vein.

About 30 feet easterly from the branch-drift the e- -teervein passes into a shearfrom l 1/2 to 2 1/'2 feetwide whichcontinues for about 70 feet, striking north 85 degrees east anddipping about 45 degreesnorthward. At several points strands which make smailangles with the main shear run offinto the walls. Narrow stringers or lenses of quartz with some sulphides are found along the sides of the main shear. It is reportedthat regular sampling across the width of the shear yielded assays of a fewhundredths of anounce of gold per ton.

At the eastern end of this section the usual type of vein,filling a narrowfracture, comes inagain. It is 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 incheswide and quite well-mineralized with sulphides for 30 feeteasterly, continuing on the strike of the shear.In the next 20 feetthe strike changes toabout north 68 degreeseast, the dip steepens to 55 degreesnorthward, and the vein-matter widens to a maximum of about 7 inches near the middleof the section, diminishing to 3 inchesat the eastern end.Approximately at this point the drift hasbeen widened at the southern side where a narrow fracture runsoff in a southerlydirection. The fracturestrikes about north 30 degreeseast and dips 85 degreessouth-eastward. It contains quartz 1/4 to l/Z-inchwide mineralized with sulphides. It is reported that fine free gold was found in the mainvein near thispoint.

The crosscut-entry is about 42 feet easterly from this point and in August1939 the face of the drift was about90

- 4e - feet beyond thecrosscut. For the first 15 feetthe width is less than 3 inchesbut in the next 107 feet t'3 about 80 feet, past the cros~scut-entry the vein-matter, ranging from 2 1/2 to 8 inches,averages between 5 and 6 inchesin width. In this section sulphides probably form less than 3 percent of the vein-matter except where there are local concentra- tions; onesuch concentration occurs at a point 10 feet westerly from thecrosscut-entry. The last part of .the drift was driven through badly-shattered groundand in the last 13 feetthe vein ranges from I. 1/2 to 3 incheswide. The dip here is 70 degreesnorthward. The face of thed:rift has been advanced since the property was examined.

Ten samples taken from the Musketeer vein i:n the "Main Drift," atpositions indicated on Fig. 3, werep:rincipally from the parts of the vein regarded as most apt to contain substantialvalues in gold. This excludesthe part of the driPtfollowing the wide shear. The samplesgive an indica- tiorl of the range of widths and valuesbut were -not closely enoughspaced to permitestimates of averagewid.ths and values. The data from this sampling are shown in the following table.

- 49 - 'Nidth ,Y Sample No. Description Gold Silver Inches oz.per ton oz.per ton

7 Whitecrumbly vein-matter, little. sulphide mineralization. 0.14 Trace

4 11'2 Qwrtz with sulphides. 4.95 4.1

4 1,/2 Banded vein with some sul- phidesand gouge. 2.34 1.6

I 3 Banded vein-matter with 01 sulphides. 2.64 .2 0 I 4 hsty quartz, some sulphides. 1.54 0.6

5 1/2 Banded quartz,well-mineralized with sulphides. 3.00 2.8 5 3/4 Banded quartz with sulphides. 1.56 3 . 2 6 1/2 Quartzwith some sulphides. 0.56 0.6

6 1/2 Crushed vein-matter,quartz with some sulphides. 0.96 1.0 6 Quartzwith some pyrite. 0.30 0. I The __.Trail vein is exposed in an adit: in the surface cutsextending southerly from the adit: and in a branch-drift running southerly from the "Main Drift" on the Musketeervein. The averagestrike of the vein is 15 to 20 de&=; east of north,the dip is nearlyvertical. The width of thevein ranges from a fraction of an inchto 12 inches.In the branch- drift southerly from the "Ma.in Drift," as far as shown on Fig. 3, the vein consists of verynarrow fracturing containing quartz and some sulphides. On thenorthern side of the "Main Drift" the Trail vein is displaced about 2 feet to the west of the segment on the southern side of the "Main Drift." It is reported that since the property was examined the branch-drift on the Trail veinhas been extended southerly for about350 feet in which distance the width increases to as much as one foot; and that for a length of about 70 feet,values,regarded ascomercial, wereobtained. The portal of the 'Trail vein " adit is about 122 feethigher than, and400 feetsoutherly from the western portal of the "Main Drift" on ths Musketeer vein. The ,Trail veinadit, in about 33 feet when thelm'iter examined it, was timbered for about20 feet from .theportal. It is reportedthat this working was alsoextende3 southerly. Where notconcealed by timber,the vein ranges from 1 1/2 to 12 inchesin width, it hasvery irregular walls and in part is'frozento one wall. The wall-rock is greatlyaltered. The vein-matter consists of well-crystallized vuggy quartz, much or' which is heavilymineralized with sulphides. The sulphides,pyrite, sphalerite, galena and a littlechalcopyrite, are arranged in bands parallel to the .xalls of the vein; and form from 2 to 3 to perhap.s40 per cent. of thevein-matter. The pyrite is incoarse well-formed crystals and some of the sphalerite is alsowell-crystallized. The writertook two samplestoward the inner end of theworking.

Ar T" Y Sample Nidth Description Gold Silver No. Inches oz. cler oz.per tor. ton

11 8 l/2 Heavily-mineralizedvein- matter. 9.34 6.4

12 7 Quartz with much less sul. phides,near heavily- - mineralizedsection, 12,04 6.0

A cut exposes the vein for about 80 feet southerly up 8. I theslope fromI a point few feet southerly from the adit- portal. The vein exposed is from 2 li2 to 8 inches wide and

- 51 - contains much sulphidemineralization. About 65 feet from the lowerend of thetrench, quartz striking about south 10 degrees west, diverges from the vein uhen followed southerly. It is 2 to 8 incheswide and contains little or no sulphide mineralization,but oontains sericite and some ankeritic carbonate. It is.white in contrastwith the rusty main Trail vein.Southerly from this trench, cuts in deep overburden expose vein-mineralization at two points.

Rob Vein

Some surfaceworkings and a 45-foot adit on the western side of RobillardCreek, indicated near the right hand side of pig. 3, exposevein-mineralization in a narrow fracture which strikesabout north 15 degreeseast and dipsabout 85 degreessouth-eastward. The vein-mineralization from 2 1/2 inches to 8 inches wide, consists of quartz with more or less sulphides.Parallel shears, striking north 70 degreeswest and dipping 65 to 70 degreessouth-westward, cut thevein. In the adit the shears were encountered betwe.en 2% and 33 feet from theportal, The vein on thesouthern side of theshears is offset 3 1/2 feet toward the east, relative to the segment on thenorthern side. The vein,from 3 to 0 incheswide for 25 feet from the portal, is heavily mineralized withsulphides at the portal and well mineralized for the rest of the distance. Beyond 25 feet from theportal it narrows,and at the

southernside of the shears it consists of quartz 3 to 5 inches I widecontaining 2 or 3 percent pyrite and some chlorite. Sampling indicated high values in gold for the heavily-miner- alj.zedmaterial and low values for the poorly-mineralized material on thesouthern side of the fault. A cut on theeastern side of the creek exposed shearing but did not expose vein-mineralization.

Musketeer No. 1 Vein

This vein can be seen under the water for about 50 feet along the western side of Sam CraigCreek at about 1,200 feet elevation. It hasbeen exposed by stripping extending south- erlyup the slope on thewestern side of thecreek. Two cuts, in deepoverburden, short distances southerly from the end of thestripping did not expose the vein. These workings, indicated in the lower left hand corner of Fig. 3, expose a sheeted zone 2 to 3 feet wide in which closelyspaced sub-parallel joints or fracturesstrike about north 15 degrees east and dip about 6'5 degreeseastward. Along the eastern side of the sheeted zone there are some narrowstringers .of quartz.' Along the western side vein-mineralization, consisting of quartz with some calcite irregularly mineralized with sulphides,

- 52 - ranges from 3 to 8 inchesin width, pinching or s-#ellingin shortdistances. The sulphi.des,pyrite, sphaleri-te, galena and chalcopyrite, in smallaggregates irregularly distributed throughthe gangue, form roughly 1 to 15per cent. of the veinmatter. Two -sampleswere taken from thisvein. "----l Silver Sample Vidth Description No. Inches oz.per 1 1 1 p:ton

10 feet abovecreek. '

Quartz,with some pyrite, 14 feet abovecreek.1.28 -

~ Note: Sulphides formed roughly 15. per cent. of sample No- 13, and 3 percent. ofsample No. 14.

Bonus Vein

An adit-drift on this -vein is situatedabout 1,500 feet almostdue west from the Trail vein adit. The Bc'nus adit is " " ai; approximately 1,400 feet elevation on thenort,h-western side of a north-easterly-trending draw. At intervalsin the draw, forabout 800 feet do.wn-streamfrom the adjt, there are exposures of shearingin the quartz-diorite. The shearing trendsnorth-easterly anddips steeply south-eastward. The wall-rock is greatly altered and at some pointsquartz and some pyriteare developed in the shear. South-westerly from theadit-portal, at higherelevations, there are indications of theshear, and at about175 feet ribboned quartz 5 inches wide is exposed. The adit follows theshear south-westerly for about100 feet. At theportal quartz 4 to 6 incheswide containsvery little sulphide mineralization. The wall-rock is greatly altered on bothsides of the shear for a total widthof about 5 feet.This vej.n was notsampled by the writer.

The "Buccaneer group consists of the eight BUCCANEW GROUP. claims,Dictator No. 1 to 2 :inclusive, (No.9 - Fig.1)recorded in November 1938.Buccaneer Mines,Limited, N.P.L., withhead office in Vancouver, is theregistered owner. The claimsare situatedsouth-east of the property of MusketeerEines, Limited, and are reached by a continuation of the trail whichserves

- 53 - thatproperty. The Buccaneer camp, atabout 1,700 feet elevation, is about 1 3/4 miles by trail fromthe upper Xuske- -teer camp. On the Buccaneer, the surl'ace generally slopes steeply. It is cut by draws and by depressions,which cross thegeneral slope leaving swampy areasand isolated rock- hummocks. Quartz-dioriteunderlies the property.

When the property was examined in August1939 the ground hadbeen faced up for an adit-portal, at approximately 1900 feetelevation. From theportal to a pointroughly 500 feet south 30 degreeswest, at 2040 feetelevation, there were cuts atintervals along the course of a vein. Thence about 225 feet,south 55 degreeswest,. across a swamp, a cut, at 2050 feetelevation, exposed similarvein-material. h newcamp was beingconstructed when theproperty was examined. It is understood that after the camp hadbeen constructed underground work was commenced and has continuedsince that time; It is reported that a second adit has been started'and that an ar- rangemen.t hasbeen made with th.e Bralorne Nines, Limited, whereby that company has taken over the property.

The vein consists of a branching quartz-filled fracture in an andesite dyke.. The dyke was notwell exposed in the surfacecuts, but appeared to be 8 or 10 feetwide. Probably the attitude of the dyke doesnot differ greatly from that of thevein, which strikes about north 25 degrees east and dips from 75 degrees to 85 degreessouth eastward.. In detailthe walls appear irregular and thewidth ranges from 1 l/Z to 10 inches.Parts of thevein are sheeted or ribbonedparallel withthe walls. Sulphides consisting of scattered grains of chalcopyrite,galena and possibly some pyrite,form a minor percentage of thevein-filling. Some fineparticles of free gold were seen in quartz from the surface cuts.

In the upper hslf of the face at the adit-portal, ribboned quartzaveraged about 3 incheswide between'well-de- fin.ed walls. Midwaydown theface 'the loot-wall cuts across to a parallel slip which from the intersection to the floor formed thefoot-wall of quartz 10 incheswide. A sample acrossthe ribboned quartz, 3 incheswide, assayed: Gold, 1.70 oz.per ton; silver, 0.4 02. perton: and a sample acrossthe 10 inches of quartz,lower in the face, assayed: Gold, 0.62oz. perton; silver, trace. Dyke-rock was exposed for 2 1/2 feet in thehanging-wall of the vein, and for about 6 feet in the foot-wall.

.In the500-foot section extending south-westerly from theportal there were 15 cuts through overburden', usually not more than 2 feetdeep. In a cutabout 70 feet fromthe portal

-54- ' a sample was takenacross 5 inches of ribbonedquartz which assayed:Gold, 3.30 02. perton; silver, 0.8 oz.per ton. In the cuts between 450 and500 feet from the portal, the vein shows a tendency to split and some of thebranches run intothe quartz-diorite at the west wall of the d:yke. From this point southerly the vein was not exposedon theprojec- tion of thestrike. For some distancethe ground is swampy and theoverburden may be a good dealdeeper .thanelsewhere. About 225 feet to the south-west, acrossthe swamp, a single cutexposes a similarvein, about 125 feet westerly fromthe projection of thevein expo:;ed inthe 500-foot section. This vein is also near the eastern wall of a dykeand its attitude is aboutthe same asthe vein in the 500-foot section. A sample across the vein here averaging 3 3./4 incheswide, assayed:Gold, 2.60 cz. per ton; silver, 0.8 02. perton. This exposure may be on a parallel vein or may be a faulted segment of the vein exposed in the 500-foot section, in whichcase the fault may lie below the SW~P.

The fourCrown-granted claims: i&, Lot YOU GROUP. 1644; Te:n, Lot1645; yoU, Lot1646; and " (80.10 - Fig.1) e,Lot 1647, were recorded. in 1912 andwere Crown-granted in 1921. The registered owner is JohnDavid McLeod ofVancouver. The claims'are situated in the eastern part of the area and extend in a line from the slopes of Big Interior Mountainwesterly- across You

Creek.Approximately 12 milesfrom the head of Eledwell Sound ~ a branchleaves the mainBedwell trail on the north side of You Creekand, in a little less than a mile,climbs. about 1,100feet to the -You camp. The trailpasses through burned territory and is in poorcondition. ~

Work was done on theat intervals from thediscovery in 1912 until about 1934. Referencesappear in.severa1 Annual Reports,Minister of Mines, British Columbia, from 1913 to 1933 inclusive. In thatperiod an adit-drift about 340 feet long and a lowerone about 7 feetlong were driven, several surface cuts were made, and log buildings were constructed for variouspurposes. A sm.all mill builtabout 1.50 feet below the longer adit was connected with the adit by a wire-tramway. The property hadbeen lying ,idle for some years when the writer examined it in 1939. The buildingshave suffered somewhat throughtime and the camp-building is now quite dilapidated. The workings are situated on the north-eastern side of I You Creek. A tributary, wh.ich flowssouth-westerly into You ! Creek in a series of cascades,occupies a narrowgorge to ~ about2,000 feet elevation, where it enters a shallowergully. The upperadit-portal is ir. thegorge at thenor-h-western

- 55 - side of the tributary creek at approximately 2,000 feet elevation. The camp building, at approximately the same elevation, is situated a shortdistance north of the tributary on the main slope to You Creek and a blacksmith'sshop also at aboutthe same elevation is situatedjust south of the tributary. The lower adit,the cuts betweenthe two adits, and the mill, are situated-on the slope to You Creek north of the tributary.

The upper adit is a drift whichfollows a vein for about 340 feet.North-easterly from theportal of theadit the vein is exposed at intervalsin the bed of thecreek. Because of the precipitous nature of the country the creek was not followed above a 30-foot waterfall, the foot of which is about 295 feetnorth-easterly from the portal and 225 feethigher thanthe adit. As exposed inthe creek and in the adit.the main vein-fracturing follows the north-western wall of a light- greenishandesite dyke, from 8 inches to about 4 feet wide, which cutsthrough quartz-diorite. The north-westernwall of the vein is quartz-dioriteexcept for a short distance in the drift about 290 feet from the portal, andapproximately vertically above that point in the creek at the 30-foot waterfall. Here the fracture cuts through a split or branch-dykewhich, followedwesterly, diverges from the main dyke. The fractur- ingalong the wall of the maindyke is somewhat sinuousbut hasan average strike of aboutnorth 60 degreeseast. Steep dipsboth north-westward and south-eastwara were observed, the averagedip is closeto vertical. In thequartz-diorite north- westerly from the main fracture, branch-fractures were observed,which when follcmred easterly converge vdth the main fracture.Their relationship with the'main fracture is thus the same as that betweenthe branch and main dyke.

In the main fracture,along the dyke, vein-matter consists of quartz with some carbonate gangue irregularly miner- alizedwith'sulphides. The veinranges from 3 to 27 inches butusually is lessthan a footwide. There is usually from 1/2 an inch to two inches of gouge along the walls of the fracture. In generalthe gouge consists of crushedwall-rock butat some points it containsquartz and sulphides. The whitecarbonate gangue occurs in irregular masses along the vein.Parts of thevein are ribboned by fracturingparallel withthe walls. Sulphidesocour as bands in parts of the vein, and locally in some unbanded parts formimportant percentages of the total vein-material, but much of the vein consists of white gangue containing very little sulphide mineralization.Pyrite is the most abundantsulphide; chalcopyrite, sphalerite and some galena are also present. Mi- croscopic study of a polished section revealed the presence

- 56 - of blebs of pyrrhotitewithin masses of chalcopyrite.Chal- copyrite and sphalerite occupy Fractureswhich cut the pyrite. Freegold has been reported .From theproperty. Sampling by the writer indicated a rather close association of goldwith thesulphides. The silvercontent while not high, is higher thanin many othersamples taken in thearea. Tet,rahedrite hasbeen reported from this vein, but was notseen by the writer.

The mainvein, exposed inthe creek, is usual.1~from 5 to 9 incheswide. Branch-fractures up to 6 incheswide oon- tainlittle sulphide mineralization. The writer took the two followingsamples fromthe main vein exposed in the creek.

Assay Description Silver

(1) About 100feet from, and 40feethigher than, upper adit-portal. 7 incheswide, quartz with much sulphide mineralization.

(2) 3 feet from No. 1. 8 incheswide, quartz and car bonate,not much sulp'hide mineralization. 0.76 I 0.4

Inthe upper adit vein-matter widens from 4 inches at the portal to 14inches at 15 feet from the portnl, andfrom a width of 14inches at 20 feetpinches out with5.n 2 feet. Thislens consists of quartzwell-mineralized with sulphides. The fracture has a maximum width of 23 incheswhere, at one side of thequartz lens, th.ere is gouge 9 incheswide containing some quartz and sulphides.In the next few feet banded vein-matter,containing less sulphide mineralization, widens to 8 inchesthen narrows to 4 inches. Be-tween 35 feet and105 feet fromthe portal, banded vein-matter, con- tainingcompar,atively little sulphide mineralizxtion, is from 4 to 6 incheswide. Thence to 130 feetthe vein-filling is 5 1/2 to 8 incheswide and contains more sulphides. At 137 feet the vein-matter has widened to 20 inches, it is white and crumblyand contains very little sulphide mineralization. At 145 feet from theportal the vein-matter is 14inches wide and is much more heavily mineralized with sulphides.

- 57 - On thenorth-western side of the drift, 145 feet from theportal, a branch-fracturestrike.s north 70 degreeswest and dipssteeply north-eastward; it converges,withthe vein 155 feetfrom the portal. Quartz, up to 2 1/2 incheswide, in thebranch-vein contains a littlepyrite. In the main fracturevein-matter, 14 incheswide 145 feet from the portal, narrows to10 inches at 155 feet, and thence to 205 feet is 5 to 9 incheswide. It consists of quartzcontaining a fair percentage of sulphides.There is gouge 1/2 aninch to an inchwide along each wall. The vein-matterwidens to 10 inches 212 feet from theportal. From thispoint for about 15 feet north-easterly the vein has been stoped to a height of 20 feet above the floor of theadit. Veinmatter exposed in the ends and the roof of the stope is 8 to 14inches wide. From the stope to 260 feet from the portal, the vein, fairly well mineralized with sulphides, is 6 to 12 inches in width.

From a width or" 9 1/2 inches, 260 feet from the portal, thevein widens to 20 inches at 262 feet, and 27 inches at 270 feet,thence it narrows to 24 inches at 285 feet, and to 1 or 2 inchesof gouge with a little quartz at 291 feet from theportal. This lensconsists largely of quartz with bu.t littlesulphide mineralization. It is crumbly atthe widestpoint. At 262 feetthere is well-crystallizedcalcite at thenorth-western side of thelens. Between 262 feet and 291 feet from the portal the strike of the vein is approxi- matelynorth-east. This is thesection previously mentioned, in which there is dyke-rock along the north-western wall of the drift as well as along the south-western wall of the vein. The north-western wall of thevein is a narrowhorse of quartz-diorite whichpinches out where the dyke to the north-westconverges with the dyke atthe other wall. In the remaining section to the end of the drift, about 340 feet from the portal, the vein strikes about north 60 degrees west. It contains 4 or 5 inches of quartzwith a fairper- centage of sulphides.

The writer took the following samples from the vein in the upper adit.

- 58 - Distance Width -A: Y from portal Description Gold Silver feet Inches oz.per ton 02. perton

80 6 Ribboned quartzwith 1 l/'2 inches gouge, not much sulphide. 0.10 Trace 115 6 1/2 Ribboned vein,not much sulphide. 0.30 0.1 165 5 1/2 Ribboned vein, not much sulphide, (excludes 2 inchesunmineralized calcite at south-eastern wall). 0.20 Nil

185 9 Tell-mineralized quartz. 1.04 1.0

208 8 tf I1 1 4.24 5.2

250 11 1/2 Much sulphide mineralization in two streaks, 1 inchand 2 inches YNide. 1.18 0.9

270 2? Crumbly quartz with a little sulphide minertilization. Trace Nil From a roughsurvey it appeared that the portal of the lower adit is about 210 feet south 70 degreeswest from, and 100 feet lowerthan, the upper adit-portal. The lower adit and three cuts between the adits expose fracturing striking from 60 degrees to 70 degrees east of north and dippingsteeply north-westward. No dyke-rock was exposed. The fracturing is in quartz-diorite and contains ratherrusty, banded quartz, 2 to 6 incheswide. There are probabiy 2 fractures and it is possible 'that they are branches from the main fracture, which may becovered by overburdensouth of these workings.

The claimsCasino Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5.were CASINO GROUP. recordedin December 1938and areunder- (N0.11 - Fig.1)stood to be ownedby a syndicate or part- nershipconsisting of A. Bird, J. Crossan, H. Gordon, A. Morod, V. Murphy, B. Smith and P. Nilliams. The partnershiphas other claims near and adjoining.the Casino group. The claimsare on thenorth-westerly slopes of Big Interior Mountain, anextremely rugged section. The slopes of themountain are steep, often precipitous, and are cut by narrow steep-walleddraws. A temporary camp was situated on the south-eastern side of Bedwell Riverat about1,500.feet elevation.This point is about13 1/2 miles by road and pack-trail fromthe head of Bedwell Sound. Approximately 1 miieeasterly by trail a new camp, at about2,750 feet elevation, was being built in September1939. Barry Smith, one of thepartners, was in charge of work at theproperty. Pione,er'Gold Mines of B. C., Limited, and associatedinterests were 'financing and directing the work.

The rockexposed consists of quartz-diorite cut by many dykes. Much of thequartz-diorite is porphyritic.Discover- ies of fracturing or shearing in which vein-mineralization oocurshad been made at several points Twhen the property was examined.. Surface work on suchoccurrences hadbeen done in four sectionsranging from 3,'200 feet to 4,750 feet in ele,vation and separated by considerabledistances.

At approximately3,200 feet elevation, about a quarter of a mile by trail in an easterly direction from the new ckp; surface cuts and strippinghave been made across a steep narrow draw and extending north-westerly along' the north-eastern side of it. On thenorth-eastern side of the draw, cutsex- pose a vein, from 4 to 0 or 10 incheswide, which strikes aboutnorth 30 degrees west and dips north-eastward.Crossing the draw, for 20 feet from thenorth-eastern side, bedrock is notexposed. From thispoint for about 35 feetsouth-westerly to the other side of the draw,bed-rock has been exposed by removingfrom 3 to 10 feet of overburden.Here the vein is in

- 60 - a roll whichpitches northward at about 15 degrees. The thicknessswells to about 30 inchesnear the north-eastern end of this stripping then diminishes to 16 inches 28 feet from the north-eastern end,thence to the south-western end of the stripping the hanging-wall and part of thevein have been removed by erosion.. At thesouth-western end of the stripping the foot-wall strikes north 40 degrees east and dipsabout 35 degreessouth-eastward.,

For 3 to 5 inches from the foot-wall the vein consists of quartz andsulphides. This is overlain by a horse of wall-rock altered and cut by veinlets of quartz end sulphides. This in turn is overlain by partly-decomposedmaterial con- tainingquartz and some unalteredsulphides. At thethickest pointthe following samples were taken giving a section of 30inches normal to the foot-wall.

T Ass, 1 Description Gold Silver oz.per ton )z. per ton

Width 3 1/2 inches,friable vein-matter,consisting of quartzand sulphides at foot- wall. 3.24 2.0

Width 14 inches,horse contain- ingvein1et.s with sulphides. 0.50 Trace

Width 12 1/2 inches, decomposed upper layer, some quartz and sulphides. 0.60 Trace

As the size of thevein diminishes going south-westerly, the foot-wall-layer of quar,tzand sulphides maintains its thick- ness,but the overlying layer'becomes thinner. T:he quartz at thefoot-wall is looselycrystallized and is rudelybanded, withcoarsely-crystalline pyrite and withsphalerite. The sphalerite is coatedwith covellite doubtless derived from the alteration of chalcopyritewhich is present in m:%l1quantity. In generalthe vein-matter i.s partly decomposed a:nd is very friable.

Approximately150 feet south-westerly from this stripping there is a widetrench which extends to thesouth-west up theslope for about 35 feet. Overburden is deepand bed- rock was notexposed at the north-eastern end of -;he trench. About 5 feet from the north-eastern end, at 3,265feet eleva-

- 61 - tion, 1 inchof rusty vein-matter was exposed.In 10 feet it widens to about 8 inches of quartzwhich splits and a few feet farther 6 inchesof quartz at the foot-wall is separated by a 3-foot horsefrom quartz 4 to 6 inchesthick, at the hanging-wall. Yery littlesulphide mineralization was seen. The foot-wall strikes north 35degrees west and dips35 to 40 degreesnorth-eastward. A cut45 feet farther south-westerly, atapproximately 3,310 feet elevation, exposes 8 inches of vein-matterwhich is quite rusty for 3 inchesfrom the foot- wall. The bedrock inthis section is buriedbelow overburden 4 to 6 feet deep in which there are large boulders.

About a third of a mile southerly from theseexposures a cutexposes a 4-inchquartz vein, and just south of this cut, on a westerly-facingbluff at the head of a draw, a narrow shear-zone is exposed. This zone is markedby rustystain 10 to 30inches wide extending for about 100 feet between 3,800and 3,875 feet approximate elevations. The principal break is a narrow fissurecontaining gouge, some pyrite, sphalerite, and a littlegalena. It strikesabout due east and dipsabout 35 degreesnorthward.

About 1,000 feetsouth-westerly by rough tr'ail'from this exposure there is mineralization on the north-eastern sideof a drawwhich runs west of north. The draw crosses thegeneral slope of the mountain-side obliquely, and on the south-westernside is separated from the lowerslopes by a low ridge. The north-easternside of thedraw rises in low cliffsto join the steep upper slopes of themountain. Ex- posures continue at'intervals for about 400 feet southerly along the steep north-eastern side of the drawbetween 4,150 and 4,250 feet, approximateelevations. Between seotions where the mineralization is covered with talus the steep wall of the draw is very rusty over a vertical range from 3 or 4 feet to 10 fe.et.Shears andbranching fractures cut the quartz-diorite and .in the southern half of the exposure follow and cutthrough aadesitic dyke-rock. The majorshearing appears to strike west of north and to dip 35 degrees to 55 degreesnorth-eastward. Sulphides are developed with quartz in the fissures and to some extent are disseminated in the walls.Branching irregular masses of quartzoccur in some of the fissures and some of these are heavily mineralized with pyrite,sphalerite and chalcopyrite.This type of mineralization is quite similar to that observed at the deposit at 3,200feet elevation, mentioned earlier in this report. It consists of a looseaggregate of quartz crystals some of which arean inch or so in iength.Sphalerite and well- crystallizedpyrite occur with the quartz. Chalcopyrite is recognizable by theunaided eye and microscopically is also

- 62 - seenintimately associated with the sphalerite. The sphaler- itein these outcrops is alsocoated with covelli-te. Micrcs- copicstudy of polishedsections of thismaterial showed veinlets of ganguewith sphaleri.te and chaioopyrite filling the fracturesin the quartz and pyrite. Sphalerite a:nd chalcopyrite were also foundas small irregular rounded m:xsses replac- ingpyrite. Gold was found inthe fractures; at (contacts between pyrite and gangue, and. pyrite and sphalerite; and as tiny grains in thepyrite. Two sampleswere taken from mineralization of this type in the north-western half of theexposure.

Description Gold I oz.per ton 32. perton Quartzlens 10inches wide, with much pyrite and sphalerite. ------t+ Branoh-vein 5 incheswide, lying 8 feetto north, containing 1 Thistype of mineralization is exposed locallyonly, in com- parativelysmall lenses or shortveins. Quartz with pyrite and some chalcopyrite,but little or no sphalerite,occurs in similarbodies in the exposure. The deposit had notbeen openedup and accordingly the exposures are of weathered material.Quartz andsulphide mineralization appear to form a small part of the whole.

Severalhundred feet farther south-easterly, rusty shearing is exposed on steepbluffs from 4,685 feet to 4,750 feet approximateelevations. This shearingstrikes from 70 degrees east of northto about due east and dipsfrom 35 degreesto 55 degreesnorthward. Lenses of quartz,with pyrite, arsenopyrite,chalcopyrite and some sphalerite,are developed in the shearedquartz-diorite. The rustysheared rock, from a few inches to about 3 feetthick, is exposed inthree sections in a distance of about175 feet. Two sampleswere taken from bettermineralized exposures.

.- 63 - Ass Description Gold Silver I oz. perton oz. perton 5 inchesconsisting of 3 inches quartz and 2 inchessilicified shearedquartz-diorite, impregnated with sulphides. Trace 0.2

10-inchlens of quartzwith sulphides. 0.0% Trace

The sixclaims Trophy Nos. 1 to 6, situ- TROPHY GROUP ated on the NorthFork of UrsusCreek, (No.14 - Fig.1)were recorded in June and July 1939. The registered owners are James M. McKay and W. i. D. Davis. The claimscover a discovery on a tributary which flo1Ns north-westerly to the NorthFork. When the writer visited this part of the area there were practically no trails but some routes for travel hadbeen blazed roughly. Since that time a trail has beencut out, from a crossing or" the Bedwell Riverabove Penny Creek to Ursus Creek,and along the northernside of Ursus Creek to the North Fork, a total distance of about 6 miles. The elevationat the forks is about 300 feet. &om this point a rough trail led to the site of a tent-camp on the south-eastern side of the NorthFork, at approximately1,500 feet elevation, about 2 miles from the forks. From thetent-camp a trail hadbeen brushed out for a little more than a mile easterly along the southern side of the valley to a tributarycreek. The tributary was followed south-easterly to the headof a canyonwhere theTrophy vein is exposed atapproximately 3,000 feet elevation. It is reported that since the examination the trail from the forks hasbeen improved, thatseveral cabins havebeen built, and that developmentwork has been done on the vein.

This part of the area is underlain by granitic rock of theCoast Range intrusives. The rock is dominantlyquartz- diorite of medium to coarse texture but locally there are marked changesin texture. On thedivide between the forks, a considerable mass of fine-grained quartz-diorite outcrops, and in the canyon a short distance below the Trophy vein a darkerfine-grained granitic rock, impregnated with sulphides, is exposed. The rocksnear the head of the canyon arevery much altered hydrothermally; they consist principally of the usualquartz-diorite but include some lightfine-grained dykestoo altered for determination. At some pointsin this part of the area small remnants of volcanicrock are exposed.

- 64 - The canyon, 30 or 40 feetwide and about 75 feet deep nearthe head, trends west of north. It cutsinto a grassy basinwhich to the south and south-east rises to the divide betweenUrsus Creek and theNorth Fork. A small streamfrom the. basin enters the canyon by a narrowchute, following a shear,in theprecipitous %mil at the head of the canyon. The shear, which strikes no.rth 35 degrees west and dips 65 to 70degrees north-eastward, contains some quartz. A sample takenacross 14 inches,the width of theshear, assayed: "nil in gold and silver.

The Trophy vein, striking north 70 degreeseast and dipping SO degreessouth-eastward, orcsses the canyon a few feet northerly from thechute. On theeastern side of the canyon thevein is exposed for about 40 feet abovethe floor. On the opposite side 25 feet westerly from the foot of this exposure the vein is again exposed,and westerly from this point is continuously exposed for a horizontaldistance of about 75 feet. The end of thisexposure is about,50 feet abovethe floor of the canyon. Westerlyfrom this point at distances of approximately10, 45 and 50feet, where theside- of the canyon is lessprecipitous, the vein is exposed in shallowcuts. The vein was thusindicated for a length of about175 feet through a vertical range of about 65 feet. The width of vein-matter,seen by the writer, rar.gedfrom 6 to 11 inchesin the highest exposures to about 1B inchesnear the bottom of the canyon. It is reportedthat since the property wasexamined an adit has been driven sou.therly, from the western side of thecanyon, to crosscut the vein, and that some drifting has been doneon the vein.

There is some gougealong the walls of the vein; the rest of the vein-filling consists principally of banded quartz containing a smallpercentage of sulphidesirregularly distributed.Parts of thevein consist of whitequartz which is not banded,,Thin partings of grey gouge between plates of quartzfrom a 1/'4-inch to 2 or 3 inchesthick, g,i.ve thevein its bandedappearance. The partingsare essentie.1ly parallel tothe walls and contain a good deal of sericite. Some of the partings havebeen silicified and consolidated with the quartz.Sulphide minerals in fine grains are foundalong the partings and smallaggregates of coars.ersulphides occur throughthe quartz. The most abundantsulphide j.s pyrite; , galena,sphalerite and chalcopyriteare also present. Free goldin small angulargrains is frequentlyrecognized in the whitequartz. Polished sections from this vein, studied mi- croscopical.ly,indicated that the sulphides occur in fractures in thequartz. Intergrowths of sphalerite and chalcopyrite wereobserved infractures cutting pyrite grains and at

- 65 -

, ! themargins of pyritegrains. Galenaand chalcopyrite were observed infractures whichcut pyrite and sphalerite. Gold was found with galena in pyrite, at themargins of pyrite and ofgalena graj.ns, and in the gangue away fromsulphides.

The writerselected 3 or 4 pounds ofwhite quartz, in piecesaveraging more than an ounce in weight, essentially freefromrust or pyrite.In selecting this material two pieceswhich contained visible gold were rejected. The sample assayed: Gold, 0.02 02. perton; silver, trace. A sample of selectedsulphide-bearing materisl assayed: Gold,2.70 oz. perton; silver, 0.7 oz. perton. The writertook three samplesacross the width of thevein, assays concerning which are as follow: - Width Ass Inches Description Gold Silver )z. perton oz. perton

9 1/2 Prom eastern side of canyon,about 30 feet above the floor. Banded vein,little sulphide mineralization, 0.30 Trace

14 12 feet easterly from bottom of exposure,eastern sideof canyon. Barided vein,little sulphide mineralization. 0.08 Trace

16 On western side of canyon, 5 feet westerly from bottom of exposure. Banded vein, some sulphide mineralization. 0.58 0.6

Sulphide mineralization in the vein i'msmuch more abundant on the western side of the canyon than on the eastern side and reliableindependent sampling indicated that values on the western side of the canyonwere much better than on the easternside. The projectionof the shear exposed at the headof the canyonwould intersect the vein in the floor of the canyon.This point was coveredwith debris and couldnot beexamined. It is possiblethat the shear has a bearing on thedistribution of valuesin the vein. However, it should be observed that free gold was found in quartz from the exposure on the eastern side of the canyon.

- 66 - Smership of claimsThunderbird Nos. 1 THUNDERBIRD GROUP. to 8,recorded in May andJune 1939, is (~0.15- Pig.1)covered by a partnershipagreement between B. €1. Symns, J. !:[. Harvey, H. F. Martin, G. A. Williams and i). V. Evans.Other claims inthe same vicinity were alsolocated by the partners. The claims are situated south of the main fork of UrsusCreek. In going to the property the writer follo%ed a blazed route from the crossing or the BedwellRiver along the northern side of Ur'sus Creek for about 4 1/2 miles. The routethen crossed to the southern side on a log jam and continuedon that :;ide past the forks to theproperty, a total distance estimated at 8 miles. A well-located trail would probably beshorter than therather irregular route followed. In the autumn of 1939 a trail upUrsus Creek on the northern side was cc.tout as far as the forks.

The southern side of the valley rises steeply from Ursus.Creek. Down thissteep slope, from the larg:e basin in which it rises, Thunder Cree'k poursin a series of cascades. From the basin the course of the creek is northerly to the junction with a westerly-flowing branch, from -which junction ThunderCreek flows north-westerly less than a quarter of a mileto its oonfluencewith 1Jrsus Creek.West of Thunder Creek, at about 800 feet elevation a lean-to camp has been built on the steep slope below the basin. Also on the western side of the creek there are several surface cuts and strippings,between 735 feet and825 feetelevation, within a fewhundred feetnorth-easterly from the camp. About 1,000 feet easterly from the camp, atapproximately 700 feetelevation, at the northern edge of the branch creek, there is an- othersurface cut. The work:tngs arein quartz-diorite, within a few hundred feet of the contact with volcanic rocks which lie to the south of the intrusive. The contact probablyruns north of west, crossing Ursus Creeknear the forks.

On this property quartz-diorite is cut bytwo or more zones of parallel slips or joints along which there has been some shearing. They strikewithin 15 degrees or so of due east and standvertically or dipsteeply eithe:r northward or southlnrard. At approximately800 feet elevation, not far north of thecontact, closely-spaced slips in a zcme about 20 feetwide cross ThunderCreek. The quartz-dioritewall- rock is very much altered. The cut on thewesterly flowing tributary is about 600 feet north-easterly from this point at about700 feetelevation. Here the quartz-diorite is cut by sli.ps standing almost vertica.lly and striking approximately due east. Therehas been shearing along the slips and the rockbetween them is cut by secondary joints making various

- 67 - angleswith the shearing. The quartz-diorite is altered and contains numerous quartzstringers and is impregnatedwith fine-grainedpyrite. A width of 12 feet ofsuch material is exposed. In the creek within 200 feet westerly from thecut thereare exposures of similar material. A samplerepresenta- tive of thepyrite-impregnated wall-rock, as free as possible from rust, was selectedfrom the cut. It assayed nil in gold and silver. Quartz 1 1/2 inches wide was found just south of thecut and was probablyin place. A sample of thismaterial containingpyrite and some chalcopyriteassayed: Gold, 0.10 02. perton; silver, trace; copper, 0.1 per cent.

Near the camp, surfaceworkings expose shears which strikenorth-westerly and dipalmost vertically. Quartz up to 12 incheswide, developed in thesheared and altered quartz- diorite,contains some pyrite and occasionally a little galena. On a small bench a little higher than the camp, shallow stripping and trenchingexpose a shear for a length of about150 feet. The shearhas also been crosscut by a rock-cutabout 6' feet deep,driven 25 feetsouth-westerly. It contains.quartz from 2 to 8 incheswide. Sulphide mineralization is veryspar- inglydeveloped. A sampletaken by thewriter in the cut, acrossquartz 8 incheswide, assayed: Gold, 0.05 02. perton; silver,trace. The wall-rock besidethe quartz is mineralized with pyrite, a sample of this materialassayed in gold and silver. From a pointat 775 feetelevation, 70 feet duenorth fromthe vein in the rock-cut, a similarshear has been ex- posedby stripping for 70 feet north-westerly. The rook is sheared for a width of 10 to 18 inches in which there are narrow irregularveinlets of quartz. Some of thequartz contains pyrite and a little galena was seen. The quartz and wall-rock arestained with black manganeseoxide. B sample across12 l/2 inches,consisting largely of quartz,taken near the south- eastern end of thestripping assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz.per ton; silver,trace. About 100 feetwest of north from thispoint, at 735 feetelevation, shearing of the same generalattitude is exposed for a few feet by a surfacecut. Here quartz 4 inches widecontained a little galena. A sample of this material inassayed goldand silver.

- GS -