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An Examination of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History
SINCE KWATYAT LIVED ON EARTH: AN EXAMINATION OF NUU-CHAH-NULTH CULTURE HISTORY Alan D. McMillan B.A., University of Saskatchewan M.A., University of British Columbia THESIS SUBMI'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Alan D. McMillan SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY January 1996 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Alan D. McMillan Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis Since Kwatyat Lived on Earth: An Examination of Nuu-chah-nulth Culture History Examining Committe: Chair: J. Nance Roy L. Carlson Senior Supervisor Philip M. Hobler David V. Burley Internal External Examiner Madonna L. Moss Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon External Examiner Date Approved: krb,,,) 1s lwb PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. -
Strathcona Park Trails Guide Special
STRATHCONA PARK TRAILS GUIDE SPECIAL Hiking Guide NootkaWILDWILD Island ISLEISLE Canada’sCanada’s WestWest CoastCoast AdventureAdventure MagazineMagazine ININ THETHE WAKEWAKE OFOF CAPTAINCAPTAIN VANCOUVERVANCOUVER A CLIMBER’S LIFELIFE CAVINGCAVING ININ THAILANDTHAILAND 3Chancesto WIN Apairoftickets to FREE ISSUE #12 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 2000 see page 26 for details www.wildislemagazine.bc.ca HIKE NOOTKA ISLAND The Resort at Cape Mudge Quadra Island BEACHFRONT CABIN . Only Getaway .95* September 16 - 30, 2000 $119 * based on quad occupancy 2 Bedroom With Jacuzzi Bathtub Gas Fireplace Kitchenette Us! 1-800-665-7745 [email protected] Tel: (250) 285-2042 Fax: (250) 285-2532 CCONTENTONTENTSS Cover: Curtis Lyon, South Ridge of Victoria Peak. Photo: Philip Stone BC Parks View Point p9 Volunteering in Paradise Gabe Jutras, Kwisatz Haderach 5.11d, Crest Creek Photo: Josie Boulding Linvin’ the Dream p10 Contents: The life of the Surfer at Long Beach. unsponsored climber Photo: Corrie Wright Strathcona Park p13 An overview of the hiking trails in BC’s oldest park Thai Caves p17 Islanders Abroad Underground adventure in Thailand Mt Colonel Foster p19 Guide to Vancouver Island’s alpine climbing mecca Benighted on Mt Klitsa p21 A lesson earned and a lesson learned In the Wake of Vancouver p22 The explorations of Cpt Vancouver on BC’s west coast. Happenings p26 Coming events on the west coast 3Chancesto WIN Apairoftickets to see page 26 for details west coast adventure magazine • www.wildislemagazine.bc.ca • CENTRE PULLOUT - NOOTKA ISLAND - HIKING -
Sailing Directions (Enroute)
PUB. 154 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) ★ BRITISH COLUMBIA ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2007 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2007 TENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Preface 0.0 Pub. 154, Sailing Directions (Enroute) British Columbia, 0.0NGA Maritime Domain Website Tenth Edition, 2007, is issued for use in conjunction with Pub. http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime 120, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean and 0.0 Southeast Asia. Companion volumes are Pubs. 153, 155, 157, 0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same 158, and 159. manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a 0.0 Digital Nautical Chart 26 provides electronic chart coverage course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of for the area covered by this publication. origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the 0.0 This publication has been corrected to 21 July 2007, includ- designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow ing Notice to Mariners No. 29 of 2007. for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track, and navigate so that the designated course is continuously Explanatory Remarks being made good. 0.0 Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward 0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- which currents set. -
You Are in Wolf and Cougar Country
t Keep Predators Wild & Wary ... Stay Safe! Parks Canada needs YOUR help to If you encounter a wolf or cougar: prevent people-predator conflicts and Are People at Risk? • Pick up small children. to keep our predators wild! Cougars very rarely prey on people. Children and crouching adults are more at • Gather the group together. risk of attack as they more closely resemble prey. People on their own are also • Do not run. Wolves and cougars are native to Vancouver Island, more at risk than groups of people. Wolf attacks are even rarer. • Do not crouch down. and as predators, are vital to a healthy coastal In this region, there have been three cougar attacks. In each case children were • Make and maintain eye contact. ecosystem. They may be encountered anywhere in attacked: one on the West Coast Trail in 1985, one fatal attack just outside the • Wave your arms and shout. Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. National parks are park in Clayoquot Sound in 1989 and another at Kennedy Lake in 2011. • Do all you can to appear larger and to scare the great places to view wildlife in their natural habitat. animal away. However, once animals become accustomed to In 2000, a wolf that had obtained food from previous campers, attacked a © Parks Canada / Josh McCulloch 2009 • Avoid scaring the animal into the path of other © Parks Canada / Josh McCulloch 2004 sleeping man by a campfire in Clayoquot Sound. people they are in danger of losing their wildness. Keep kids close. people. The repeated presence of humans that brings no Keep kayak hatches secure. -
Coastal Waterbird Population Trends in the Strait of Georgia 1999–2011: Results from the First 12 Years of the British Columbia Coastal Waterbird Survey
8 Coastal waterbird trends - Crewe et al. Coastal waterbird population trends in the Strait of Georgia 1999–2011: Results from the first 12 years of the British Columbia Coastal Waterbird Survey Tara Crewe1, Karen Barry2, Pete Davidson2,3, Denis Lepage1 1 Bird Studies Canada - National Headquarters, PO Box. 160, Port Rowan, Ont. N0E 1M0 2 Bird Studies Canada – British Columbia Program, 5421 Robertson Road, RR1, Delta, B.C. V4K 3N2; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Corresponding author Abstract: The British Columbia Coastal Waterbird Survey is a citizen science long-term monitoring program implemented by Bird Studies Canada to assess population trends and ecological needs of waterbirds using the province’s coastal and inshore marine habitats. Standard monthly counts from more than 200 defined sites within the Strait of Georgia were analysed using route-regression techniques to estimate population indices and assess trends in 57 waterbird species over a 12-year period spanning the non-breeding periods from 1999–2000 to 2010–11. A power analysis was also conducted to validate the rigor of the survey design. Results indicate that the survey is detecting annual changes of 3% or less for populations of 29 waterbirds of a wide variety of guilds. Thirty-three species showed stable populations or no trend, 22 species showed significantly declining trends, and just three species showed significant increasing trends. We evaluate these results in the context of other long-term monitoring initiatives in the Salish Sea, highlighting specific birds to watch from a conservation perspective. Among those that showed a declining trend were a guild of piscivores, including Western and Horned Grebes, Common, Red-throated and Pacific Loons, and Rhinoceros Auklet; several sea ducks (Black and White-winged Scoters, Long-tailed Duck, Barrow’s Goldeneye, Harlequin Duck); two shorebirds (Dunlin, Surfbird); and Great Blue Heron. -
Vital Signs Report
CLAYOQUOT SOUND BIOSPHERE REGION’S 2018 Welcome to the Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Region’s Vital Signs® 2018 Table of Contents From the Vital Signs Research Team About Vital Signs 2 “We hope the 2018 Vital Signs report ¸ Grounded in the Nuu-chah-nulth (nuucaanuł) ¸ ˇ informs and inspires dialogue and principle of hišukniš cawaak, everything is one, Vital Our Region 3 collaboration to further our collective Signs 2018 can help us to understand the complex Cycle of Poverty efforts to build healthy communities and changing systems in which we live and the necessary pathways we need to navigate in order to in Our Region: and achieve sustainable development.” Inspiring Action support sustainable ecosystems and¸ communities. One of these pathways is nuucaanułˇ language for Change 4 Tammy Dorward and Catherine Thicke revitalization. This year, we’ve worked with a regional Co-chairs, Board of Directors Environment 5-6 committee of elders¸ and language keepers to incor- Clayoquot Biosphere Trust porate nuucaanułˇ throughout the report. Climate Change Impacts 7-8 We’ve collected a range of local data to highlight pri- ority areas for community-wide action and listened People & Work 9 From our Executive Director closely to community concerns. We’ve heard that Income Inequality 10 I am pleased to present our 2018 Vital Signs report. our young people are struggling with mental health Vital Signs is a valuable tool for understanding our issues and that they lack youth programs. Families Housing 11 progress toward achieving all aspects of sustainabili- are challenged with rising housing costs and the ty—cultural, social, economic, and environmental. -
PROVINCI L Li L MUSEUM
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA REPORT OF THE PROVINCI_l_Li_L MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY • FOR THE YEAR 1930 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. VICTORIA, B.C. : Printed by CHARLES F. BANFIELD, Printer to tbe King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1931. \ . To His Honour JAMES ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Administrator of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History for the year 1930. SAMUEL LYNESS HOWE, Pt·ovincial Secretary. Pt·ovincial Secretary's Office, Victoria, B.O., March 26th, 1931. PROVINCIAl. MUSEUM OF NATURAl. HISTORY, VICTORIA, B.C., March 26th, 1931. The Ho1Wm·able S. L. Ho11ie, ProvinciaZ Secreta11}, Victo1·ia, B.a. Sm,-I have the honour, as Director of the Provincial Museum of Natural History, to lay before you the Report for the year ended December 31st, 1930, covering the activities of the Museum. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, FRANCIS KERMODE, Director. TABLE OF CONTENTS . PAGE. Staff of the Museum ............................. ------------ --- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- -------------- 6 Object.. .......... ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------- -- ---------- -- ------------------------ ----- ------------------- 7 Admission .... ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
West Coast Vancouver Island Sockeye
DFO Science Pacific Region Stock Status Report D6-05 (1999) West Coast Vancouver Island Sockeye Background Anadromous sockeye salmon spend portions of their life cycle in freshwater and marine environments (rivers, lakes, ocean habitats) on both sides of the North Pacific. In the eastern Pacific, sockeye range from the Columbia River to the Bering Sea. Sockeye exhibit great life history The Fishery and Resource Status variation but generally spend their first 1 to 3 years in freshwater lakes, after which they migrate seaward to Average WCVI Sockeye Catch spend another 1-3 years rearing in the North Pacific. (in thousands of fish) Adult sockeye enter coastal fisheries and typically return to spawn in their rivers and lakes of origin between Barkley Sound ages 3 and 6. 1911-30 1931-50 1951-70 1971-90 1991-98 27 46 29 418 383 More than 20 distinctive stocks of sockeye originate from the west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI). Clayoquot Sound However, more than 80 % of all WCVI sockeye, taken 1887-1910 1911-30 1951-70 1971-90 1991-98 as catch prior to the end of July, originates from stocks 89 60 36 1 0 returning through Barkley Sound to Great Central, Sproat and Henderson lakes. Barkley Sound sockeye have been the subject of more than a century of From the late 1800s to the mid-1900s, terminal management, research and enhancement activities. net fisheries harvested small quantities of sockeye From 1890 to 1972, average returns were less than from several WCVI stocks to supply canneries 100,000 fish. From 1972 to present, lake fertilization at Nitinat Inlet, Barkley and Clayoquot Sounds. -
Levi Martin, Elder, Tla-O-Qui-Aht First Nation a Profile by Josie Osborne
Volume 1, Issue 3 October 2009 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Levi Martin, Elder, Tla-o-qui-aht First Nation Profile: Levi Martin 2 A profile by Josie Osborne ISE Special 3 Sessions at the “When I was six years “fighter and hunter.” He set up snares, 12th ISE Congress old, on my first day at trapped birds, and spent many hours Pre-Congress 5 Kakawis [the Christie outdoors near Opitsaht. Levi was the Workshops Indian Residential youngest of 16 children, all born to George Update on the 13th school], my older and Martha Martin. Nuu-chah-nulth was his 6 brother spoke to me in first language, since he had no need to speak ISE Congress English and told me to English until he was sent to the Christie Call for proposals 7 do something. I didn’t Indian Residential school for native children to host the 14th do it, because I didn’t run by the Catholic Church from 1898 until ISE Congress understand him. 1983. Some might say Levi was fortunate in Another older boy had to explain it to me in that the Christie School, at Kakawis, was only Sacred seeds field 7 our language. I made up my mind then to a few miles from his home and parents, but report from Peru learn English.” those few miles represented a wide gulf Members’ Space 9 I can imagine Levi then – as a small boy in between place and cultures for young on the ISE Website 1950 – determinedly learning a new language children like Levi. He attended residential so he could communicate with everyone school for about four years (rather than ten Need for Bio- 9 or more like some others) and at age 11 cultural Mapping around him. -
Carnivores in Human Use Areas of Pacific Rim
Noninvasive Approaches to Reduce Human-Cougar Conflict in Protected Areas on the West Coast of Vancouver Island by Danielle M. Thompson B.Sc. (Wildlife Management), University of Northern British Columbia, 2001 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Biology © Danielle M. Thompson, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission by the author ii Supervisory Committee Noninvasive Approaches to Reduce Human-Cougar Conflict in Protected Areas on the West Coast of Vancouver Island By Danielle M. Thompson B.Sc. (Wildlife Management), University of Northern British Columbia, 2001 Supervisory Committee Dr. Don Eastman, (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Patrick Gregory (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Peter Keller (Department of Geography) Outside Member Dr. Alton Harestad (Simon Fraser University) Additional Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Don Eastman, (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Patrick Gregory (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Peter Keller (Department of Geography) Outside Member Dr. Alton Harestad (Simon Fraser University) Additional Member Cougars (Puma concolor) are a growing concern for managers of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve and Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Since the mid-1990s, the frequency and intensity of human-cougar interactions have dramatically increased. Concurrently, these areas have become increasingly popular for human activities. The primary goal of my study was to recommend ways to reduce the potential risk of human-cougar interactions to ensure long-term conservation of cougars while minimizing risks to visitor safety. -
Living with Large Carnivores
Learning to Live with Large Carnivores WildCoast Project Primer & Guidelines WildCoastA collaboration Project Primer between& Guidelines EKOS Communications, Inc. & Pacific Rim National Park ReservPagee 1 Learning to Live with Large Carnivores: WildCoast Project Primer & Guidelines Copyright 2010: EKOS Communications, Inc. & Parks Canada Agency Projet CÙte Sauvage PrÈdateurs, Proies et Personnes WildCoast Project Predators, Prey and People graphic created by Marion Syme A collaboration between: and Pacific Rim National Park Reserve Page 2 Learning to Live with Large Carnivores In Memory of Doug Andrew Doug Andrew imparted the joy of learning through his own joy as an eternal student and gifted teacher. After 25 years as a B.C. Parks interpreter, he came to Parks Canada at Pacific Rim National Park Reserve in 2002, where he continued working as a park interpreter until his premature death in 2006. Doug’s awe of the wild world only increased as his knowledge and understanding of it deepened. While his irrepressible sense of humour ensured that we often laughed while learning, he took his responsibility as an educator very seriously indeed. Our ability to experience the natural world was enhanced when we could see it through Dougie’s eyes. This was his gift; he made us see. And thanks to him, we remember. This project is dedicated to Doug Andrew and his commitment to education. His legacy lives on. WildCoast Project Primer & Guidelines Page 3 Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................page -
Winter Quarters by George Davidson This Work by American George Davidson Is One a Series of Paintings in the Museum Collections at the Oregon Historical Society
Winter Quarters By George Davidson This work by American George Davidson is one a series of paintings in the museum collections at the Oregon Historical Society. Davidson produced the paintings in the mid 1790s upon his return to Boston from a fur trading voyage to the Northwest Coast (1790 - 1793). Davidson was a housepainter and occasional artist when he joined the second fur trade expedition of Captain Robert Gray in late September 1790. Gray’s Columbia Rediviva made the voyage from Boston to the Northwest Coast in eight months, arriving at Clayoquot Sound on Vancouver Island in early June 1791. The expedition passed the summer months trading with the various aboriginal groups up and down the coast. In September 1791, Gray established a “winter quarters” on Clayoquot Sound. He named the wintering site “Adventure Cove” and referred to their encampment as “Fort Defiance.” In the 1970s, historians and archeologists identified the fort’s original location on Meares’ Island. Davidson’s painting depicts the scene at Adventure Cove after the construction of the sloop Adventure, which first mate Robert Haswell would later use for trading along the west coast of Vancouver Island in the spring of 1792. The painting features the Columbia at anchor with her topmasts removed, as well as what appears to be a self-portrait of Davidson showing his illustration of the scene to Captain Gray. In contrast to the illustration Launch of the North West America from John Meares narrative of 1790 in which Native people are prominent, in Davidson’s painting the local indigenous people, the Tla-o-qui-at (Clayoquot), are notable for their absence.