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UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA FAKULTAS ILMU KOMPUTER Manajemen Informatika MAKALAH PENGANTAR GRAFIK KOMPUTER NVIDIA Corporation Kelas : 2DB02 Di Susun Oleh : Clara Widhani Fauziah (38116138) Erizka Dwi Dewanty (32116368) Faris Naufal Darmawan (32116671) Lutfi Adnan Firdaus (34116139) Prio Saifulloh (35116799) UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA 2018 KATA PENGANTAR Dengan menyebut nama Allah SWT yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Panyayang, Kami panjatkan puja dan puji syukur atas kehadirat-Nya, yang telah melimpahkan rahmat, hidayah, dan inayah-Nya kepada kami, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah ilmiah tentang “NVIDIA”. Makalah ilmiah ini telah kami susun dengan maksimal dan mendapatkan bantuan dari berbagai pihak sehingga dapat memperlancar pembuatan makalah ini. Untuk itu kami menyampaikan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berkontribusi dalam pembuatan makalah ini serta kepada Dosen Pembimbing kami Ibu Karmilasari yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan tugas dalam makalah ini. Terlepas dari semua itu, Kami menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa masih ada kekurangan baik dari segi susunan kalimat maupun tata bahasanya. Oleh karena itu kami menerima segala saran dan kritik dari pembaca agar kami dapat memperbaiki makalah ilmiah ini. Akhir kata kami berharap semoga makalah ilmiah tentang “NVIDIA” Semoga dengan adanya tugas ini kita dapat belajar bersama demi kemajuan bidang Teknologi Informasi dan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan Jakarta, 14 Maret 2018 Kelompok 5 ii Daftar Isi Halaman Judul _______________________________________________ i Kata Pengantar _______________________________________________ ii Daftar Isi____________________________________________________ iii BAB I. Pendahuluan A. Latar Belakang_________________________________________ 1 B. Tujuan Penulisan________________________________________ 1 C. Rumusan Masalah_______________________________________ 2 D. Metode Penelitian_______________________________________ 2 E. Sistematika Penulisan____________________________________ 2 BAB II. Pembahasan A. Sejarah Awal Pembentukan nVidia_________________________ 3 B. Produksi nVidia dari tahun ke tahun_________________________ 4 C. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan________________________________ 23 BAB III. Penutup A. Kesimpulan ___________________________________________ 24 B. Saran________________________________________________ 24 Daftar Pustaka ______________________________________________ 25 iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Saat ini perpaduan antara perkembangan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan sudah banyak dilakukan orang khususnya dalam pengolahan citra. Pengolahan citra merupakan proses memperbaiki kualitas citra agar mudah diinterpretasikan oleh manusia atau komputer, salah satu dari operasi pengolahan citra adalah segmentasi. Segmentasi citra merupakan proses pemecahan suatu berdasarkan perubahan kasar dalam intensitas seperti tepi pada citra. Komputasi paralel merupakan salah satu teknik melakukan komputasi secara bersamaan dengan memanfaatkan beberapa komputer independen secara bersamaan. Dasar komputasi paralel adalah membagi pekerjaan ke banyak unit pemroses, sehingga mempercepat pemrosesan pekerjaan tersebut. Unit pemroses yang digunakan adalah GPU (Graphic Processing Unit). Komputasi paralel diimplementasikan dengan CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). CUDA merupakan arsitektur dan model programming dari NVIDIA yang dapat menjalankan GPU (NVIDIA). Dalam hal ini, diperlukan penelitian untuk mempercepat proses pada metode level set untuk active contour B. Tujuan Penulisan Makalah yang disusun bertujuan untuk memenuhi tugas kelompok mata pelajaran Pengantar Grafik Komputer. Selain itu, makalah ini juga disusun untuk menambah wawasan dan ilmu pengetahuan tentang pemahaman perkembangan Grafik Komputer saat ini salah satunya NVIDIA. 1 2 C. Rumusan Masalah 1. Bagaimana Sejarah Perkembangan Berdirinya NVIDIA? 2. Bagaimana proses produksi grafis NVIDIA dari tahun ke tahun? 3. Apa saja kelebihan dan kekurangan nVidia? D. Metode Penelitian Ada sebuah metode yang dilakukan penulis untuk menunjang penulisan ilmiah ini. 1. Pengumpulan Data Penulis melakukan pengumpulan data mengenai Pengantar Grafik Komputer dengan melakukan pencarian melalui browsing internet. E. Sistematika Penulisan Sistematika penulisan bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai isi dari bab-bab yang terdapat dalam penulisan ilmiah. Isi keseluruhan penulisan ilmiah ini adalah sebagai berikut : BAB I PENDAHULUAN, Bab ini menjabarkan mengenai latar belakang penulisan ilmiah, rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, metode penelitian dan sistematika penulisan yang terkait dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. BAB II PEMBAHASAN, Bab ini menjelaskan tentang pokok bahasan yang kami angkat dengan cara mendetail dan menggunakan bahasa yang komunikatif sehingga dapat mudah diterima bagi para pembaca. BAB III PENUTUP, Bab ini berisi kesimpulan dan saran penulisan ilmiah. BAB II PEMBAHASAN A. Sejarah Awal Pembentukan Nvidia NVIDIA Corporation adalah sebuah perusahaan produsen processor grafis (graphics processing unit), kartu grafis, dan media serta alat-alat komunikasi untuk komputer pribadi, dan konsol permainan Sonny Playstation 3. Produk paling terkenal dari NVIDIA adalah seri GeForce yang digunakan untuk bermain permainan di komputer. Markas utama NVIDIA berada di Jalan Bebas Hambatan San Tomas, Santa Clara, California. Berdirinya nvidia pada tahun 1993 yang di gagas oleh beberapa pendirinya , antara lain adalah Jensen Huang ( CEO nvidia yang sekarang ) , Curtis Priem dan Chris malachowsky, ide nama nvidia sebagai nama perusahaan digagas dari kombinasi antara huruf inisial n sebagai variabel dalam matematika - dan kata video berasal dari bahasa latin yang artinya melihat hingga akhirnya nama tersebut memiliki makna "pengalaman visual terbaik" Namun dalam publikasi dan dokumentasi perusahaan , nama nvidia lebih sering ditulis dalam huruf kapital NVIDIA. 3 4 B. Produksi NVIDIA dari Tahun ke Tahun NVIDIA telah memproduksi dari tahun ke tahun menjadi teknologi yang semakin baik dari mulai spesifikasi bahkan model dan lain-lain. Berikut sejarah produksi grafis NVIDIA dari tahun ke tahun: 1. NVIDIA NV1 NVIDIA NV1 yang dirilis tahun 1995 adalah generasi pertama VGA Card yang dikeluarkan oleh NVIDIA. Di dalam NVIDIA NV1 sudah terdapat 2D card, 3D accelerator, sound card, dan sebuah port untuk Sega Saturn Game Controller. Gambar yang dihasilkan : 5 2. NVIDIA RIFA VGA ini adalah buatan pertama dari Nvidia, vga ini juga dibuat dengan desain teknologi Microsoft's DirectX 5 API. NVIDIA NV3 memiliki spec. 4 MB memory, 100 MHz core clockspeeds, bandwith 1.6 GB/s, 206 MHz RAMDAC dan mendukung AGP 2x. Spesifikasi: 128-bit Board 350nm Fabrication 100MHz Core BMB Memory On Clockspeed Gambar yang dihasilkan : 6 3. NVIDIA NV4 VGA ini merupaka penerus dari NVIDIA NV3, namun NVIDIA NV4 tidak ada penambahan yamh signifikan dalam spec. seperti memory maksimum ditambah menjadi 16 MB dan mempunyai clockspeeds pada 110 MHz, tetapi Nvidia manambahkan beberapa kemampuan pada NVIDIA NV4 seperti teknologi “second pixel pipeline”, 32-bit true colors, dan fitur Trilinear filtering. Spesifikasi : 128-bit Memory On Board 350nm Fabrication 90 MHz Core 8MB & 16 MB Clockspeed Gambar yang dihasilkan : 7 4. NVIDIA RIVA TNT 1 & 2 RIVA merupakan kepanjangan dari Realtime interactive Video and Animation Accelarator dan TNT adalah singkatan dari Twin Texel, TNT pertama kali dirilis pada tahun pada akhir tahun 1998. TNT2 pada awal 1999, keduanya sebenrnya sangat mirip baik dari kecepatan dan fitur yang di tawarkan, namun TNT mempunyai sedikit perbedaan yaitu telah mendukung AGP4x, mendukung memory hingga 32MB, dan proses produksinya sudah 25PM. Persaingan kartu grafis ini adalah dengan 3DFX VooDoo 2 dan 3 , matroxG400 dan Ati rage 128 . TNT RIVA merupakan kartu grafis pertama yang 100% diciptakan oleh nvidia corporation. Gambar yang dihasilkan : 8 5. NVIDIA GEFORCE 256 VGA Nvidia ini memiliki kecepatan performa 2 kali lebih cepat daripada seri-seri sebelumnya, vga ini memiliki spec. DirectX 7, 4-pixel Rendering pipeline dan sebuah fitur bernama “cube environment mapping” yaitu yang gunanya untuk menciptakan efek real time reflection. Spesifikasi : 128-bit Memory On Board 220nm Fabrication 120MHz Core 32 MB & 64 MB Clockspeed Gambar yang dihasilkan : 9 6. NVIDIA GEFORCE SERIES 2 Ini merupakan VGA Nvidia pertama yang menghadirkan fitur baru, yaitu pixel shader dengan sebutan “Nvidia Shading Rasterizer (NZR)”. Spesifikasi : 180nm Fabrication 64 MB Memory On Board 250MHz Core Clockspeed Gambar yang dihasilkan : 10 7. NVIDIA GEFORCE 3 SERIES GeForce 3 muncul pada tahun 2001. Graphic card pertama yang compatible dengan DirectX 8 dan s mendukung pixels shaders. Graphic card ini juga lebih baik dalam memoey management, tetapi arsitekturnya sangat kompleks sehingga membuat NVIDIA tidak melanjutkan pengembangannya. 8. NVIDIA GEFORCE 4 SERIES NVIDIA geforce 4 ini juga merupakan salah satu seri tersukses dari semua Geforce yang ada. Membawa dua varian untuk dua pangsa pasar yang berbeda menjadikan card ini mempunyai pilihan bagi jenis konsumen, kalangan enthusiast mendapatkan versi Ti dan kalangan yang mementingkan budget mendapatkan versi MX, seperti layaknya kartu sukses, Geforce 4 mempunyai jenis kartu yang cukup laris manis di pasaran, MX440 dan Ti 4200 11 Spekfikasi: Vertices per Second: 136 Million Fill Rate: 4.8 Billion AA Samples/Sec. Operations per Second: 1.23 Trillion Memory Bandwidth: 10.4GB/Sec. Maximum Memory: 128MB Gambar yang dihasilkan : 12 9. NVIDIA GEFORCE FX series NVIDIA kembali merilis graphic card terbarunya
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  • GPU Accelerated Approach to Numerical Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis with CFD Applications

    GPU Accelerated Approach to Numerical Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis with CFD Applications

    University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2014 GPU Accelerated Approach to Numerical Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis with CFD Applications Adam Phillips University of Central Florida Part of the Mathematics Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Phillips, Adam, "GPU Accelerated Approach to Numerical Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis with CFD Applications" (2014). HIM 1990-2015. 1613. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1613 GPU ACCELERATED APPROACH TO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA AND MATRIX ANALYSIS WITH CFD APPLICATIONS by ADAM D. PHILLIPS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in Mathematics in the College of Sciences and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2014 Thesis Chair: Dr. Bhimsen Shivamoggi c 2014 Adam D. Phillips All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT A GPU accelerated approach to numerical linear algebra and matrix analysis with CFD applica- tions is presented. The works objectives are to (1) develop stable and efficient algorithms utilizing multiple NVIDIA GPUs with CUDA to accelerate common matrix computations, (2) optimize these algorithms through CPU/GPU memory allocation, GPU kernel development, CPU/GPU communication, data transfer and bandwidth control to (3) develop parallel CFD applications for Navier Stokes and Lattice Boltzmann analysis methods.