Feline Dermatology Updates
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Generalized Edema Resulting from Mixed Intestinal Infection by Entamoebia Histolytica and E
Case Report JOJ Case Stud Volume 12 Issue 2 -April 2021 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ajite Adebukola DOI: 10.19080/JOJCS.2021.12.555833 Generalized Edema Resulting from Mixed Intestinal Infection by Entamoebia Histolytica and E. Coli in a Nigerian Female Adolescent: A Case Report Ajite Adebukola1,2*, Oluwayemi Oludare1,2 and Fatunla Odunayo2 1Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Nigeria 2Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Submission: March 15, 2021; Published: April 08, 2021 *Corresponding author: Ajite Adebukola, Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria Abstract Amoebiasis, a clinical condition caused by Entamoeba histolytica does not usually present with generalized oedema known as anarsarca. We present a case of an adolescent female Nigerian who was admitted on account of chronic diarrhea and anarsarca in a tertiary hospital, Southwest Nigeria. There was no proteinuria. She however had cyst of E. histolytica and growth of E. coli in her stool; she also had E. coli isolated in her urine. She had hypoproteinaemia (35.2g/L) and hypoalbuminaemia (21.3g/L) as well as hypokalemia (2.97mmol/L). Symptoms resolved Entamoeba histolytica and Escherichia coli bacteria may be responsible for the worse clinical manifestations of Amoebiasis and biochemical parameters normalized following treatment with Nitrofurantoin, Tinidazole and Ciprofloxacin. A mixed infection of Keywords: Amoebiasis; Chronic diarrhea; Hypoproteinaemia; Anasarca Introduction Amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica of amenorrhoea. is an infection that frequently manifests clinically with symptoms recurrent generalized body swelling, and a seven-month history of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysentery and weight loss [1,2]. -
Plasma Pharmacokinetic Profile of Fluralaner (Bravecto™) and Ivermectin Following Concurrent Administration to Dogs Feli M
Walther et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015) 8:508 DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-1123-8 SHORT REPORT Open Access Plasma pharmacokinetic profile of fluralaner (Bravecto™) and ivermectin following concurrent administration to dogs Feli M. Walther1*, Mark J. Allan2 and Rainer KA Roepke2 Abstract Background: Fluralaner is a novel systemic ectoparasiticide for dogs providing immediate and persistent flea, tick and mite control after a single oral dose. Ivermectin has been used in dogs for heartworm prevention and at off label doses for mite and worm infestations. Ivermectin pharmacokinetics can be influenced by substances affecting the p-glycoprotein transporter, potentially increasing the risk of ivermectin neurotoxicity. This study investigated ivermectin blood plasma pharmacokinetics following concurrent administration with fluralaner. Findings: Ten Beagle dogs each received a single oral administration of either 56 mg fluralaner (Bravecto™), 0.3 mg ivermectin or 56 mg fluralaner plus 0.3 mg ivermectin/kg body weight. Blood plasma samples were collected at multiple post-treatment time points over a 12-week period for fluralaner and ivermectin plasma concentration analysis. Ivermectin blood plasma concentration profile and pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax,tmax,AUC∞ and t½ were similar in dogs administered ivermectin only and in dogs administered ivermectin concurrently with fluralaner, and the same was true for fluralaner pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusions: Concurrent administration of fluralaner and ivermectin does not alter the pharmacokinetics -
Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Are Tick-Borne Diseases Caused by Obligate Anaplasmosis: Intracellular Bacteria in the Genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
Ehrlichiosis and Importance Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne diseases caused by obligate Anaplasmosis: intracellular bacteria in the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These organisms are widespread in nature; the reservoir hosts include numerous wild animals, as well as Zoonotic Species some domesticated species. For many years, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species have been known to cause illness in pets and livestock. The consequences of exposure vary Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, from asymptomatic infections to severe, potentially fatal illness. Some organisms Canine Hemorrhagic Fever, have also been recognized as human pathogens since the 1980s and 1990s. Tropical Canine Pancytopenia, Etiology Tracker Dog Disease, Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are caused by members of the genera Ehrlichia Canine Tick Typhus, and Anaplasma, respectively. Both genera contain small, pleomorphic, Gram negative, Nairobi Bleeding Disorder, obligate intracellular organisms, and belong to the family Anaplasmataceae, order Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, Rickettsiales. They are classified as α-proteobacteria. A number of Ehrlichia and Canine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Anaplasma species affect animals. A limited number of these organisms have also Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, been identified in people. Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, Recent changes in taxonomy can make the nomenclature of the Anaplasmataceae Tick-borne Fever, and their diseases somewhat confusing. At one time, ehrlichiosis was a group of Pasture Fever, diseases caused by organisms that mostly replicated in membrane-bound cytoplasmic Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, vacuoles of leukocytes, and belonged to the genus Ehrlichia, tribe Ehrlichieae and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, family Rickettsiaceae. The names of the diseases were often based on the host Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, species, together with type of leukocyte most often infected. -
Arthropod Parasites in Domestic Animals
ARTHROPOD PARASITES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS Abbreviations KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER CODE Metazoa Arthropoda Insecta Siphonaptera INS:Sip Mallophaga INS:Mal Anoplura INS:Ano Diptera INS:Dip Arachnida Ixodida ARA:Ixo Mesostigmata ARA:Mes Prostigmata ARA:Pro Astigmata ARA:Ast Crustacea Pentastomata CRU:Pen References Ashford, R.W. & Crewe, W. 2003. The parasites of Homo sapiens: an annotated checklist of the protozoa, helminths and arthropods for which we are home. Taylor & Francis. Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L. & Wall, R.L. 2007. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edition, Blackwell Pub. HOST-PARASITE CHECKLIST Class: MAMMALIA [mammals] Subclass: EUTHERIA [placental mammals] Order: PRIMATES [prosimians and simians] Suborder: SIMIAE [monkeys, apes, man] Family: HOMINIDAE [man] Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [man] ARA:Ast Sarcoptes bovis, ectoparasite (‘milker’s itch’)(mange mite) ARA:Ast Sarcoptes equi, ectoparasite (‘cavalryman’s itch’)(mange mite) ARA:Ast Sarcoptes scabiei, skin (mange mite) ARA:Ixo Ixodes cornuatus, ectoparasite (scrub tick) ARA:Ixo Ixodes holocyclus, ectoparasite (scrub tick, paralysis tick) ARA:Ixo Ornithodoros gurneyi, ectoparasite (kangaroo tick) ARA:Pro Cheyletiella blakei, ectoparasite (mite) ARA:Pro Cheyletiella parasitivorax, ectoparasite (rabbit fur mite) ARA:Pro Demodex brevis, sebacceous glands (mange mite) ARA:Pro Demodex folliculorum, hair follicles (mange mite) ARA:Pro Trombicula sarcina, ectoparasite (black soil itch mite) INS:Ano Pediculus capitis, ectoparasite (head louse) INS:Ano Pediculus humanus, ectoparasite (body -
Medical Parasitology
MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY Anna B. Semerjyan Marina G. Susanyan Yerevan State Medical University Yerevan 2020 1 Chapter 15 Medical Parasitology. General understandings Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. Medical Parasitology focuses on parasites which cause diseases in humans. Awareness and understanding about medically important parasites is necessary for proper diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases. The most important element in diagnosing a parasitic infection is the knowledge of the biology, or life cycle, of the parasites. Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: 1. Parasitic protozoa (protists). 2. Parasitic worms (helminthes). 3. Arthropods that directly cause disease or act as transmitters of various pathogens. Parasitism is a form of association between organisms of different species known as symbiosis. Symbiosis means literally “living together”. Symbiosis can be between any plant, animal, or protist that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species. The most common types of symbiosis are commensalism, mutualism and parasitism. 1. Commensalism involves one-way benefit, but no harm is exerted in either direction. For example, mouth amoeba Entamoeba gingivalis, uses human for habitat (mouth cavity) and for food source without harming the host organism. 2. Mutualism is a highly interdependent association, in which both partners benefit from the relationship: two-way (mutual) benefit and no harm. Each member depends upon the other. For example, in humans’ large intestine the bacterium Escherichia coli produces the complex of vitamin B and suppresses pathogenic fungi, bacteria, while sheltering and getting nutrients in the intestine. 3. -
How to Recognize a Suspected Cardiac Defect in the Neonate
Neonatal Nursing Education Brief: How to Recognize a Suspected Cardiac Defect in the Neonate https://www.seattlechildrens.org/healthcare- professionals/education/continuing-medical-nursing-education/neonatal- nursing-education-briefs/ Cardiac defects are commonly seen and are the leading cause of death in the neonate. Prompt suspicion and recognition of congenital heart defects can improve outcomes. An ECHO is not needed to make a diagnosis. Cardiac defects, congenital heart defects, NICU, cardiac assessment How to Recognize a Suspected Cardiac Defect in the Neonate Purpose and Goal: CNEP # 2092 • Understand the signs of congenital heart defects in the neonate. • Learn to recognize and detect heart defects in the neonate. None of the planners, faculty or content specialists has any conflict of interest or will be presenting any off-label product use. This presentation has no commercial support or sponsorship, nor is it co-sponsored. Requirements for successful completion: • Successfully complete the post-test • Complete the evaluation form Date • December 2018 – December 2020 Learning Objectives • Describe the risk factors for congenital heart defects. • Describe the clinical features of suspected heart defects. • Identify 2 approaches for recognizing congenital heart defects. Introduction • Congenital heart defects may be seen at birth • They are the most common congenital defect • They are the leading cause of neonatal death • Many neonates present with symptoms at birth • Some may present after discharge • Early recognition of CHD -
Cutaneous Manifestations of Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistulas
Cutaneous Manifestations of Abdominal Arteriovenous Fistulas Jessica Scruggs, MD; Daniel D. Bennett, MD Abdominal arteriovenous (A-V) fistulas may be edema.1-3 We report a case of abdominal aortocaval spontaneous or secondary to trauma. The clini- fistula presenting with lower extremity edema, ery- cal manifestations of abdominal A-V fistulas are thema, and cyanosis that had been previously diag- variable, but cutaneous findings are common and nosed as venous stasis dermatitis. may be suggestive of the diagnosis. Cutaneous physical examination findings consistent with Case Report abdominal A-V fistula include lower extremity A 51-year-old woman presented to the emergency edema with cyanosis, pulsatile varicose veins, department with worsening lower extremity swelling, and scrotal edema. redness, and pain. Her medical history included a We present a patient admitted to the hospital diagnosis of congestive heart failure, chronic obstruc- with lower extremity swelling, discoloration, and tive pulmonary disease, hepatitis C virus, tobacco pain, as well as renal insufficiency. During a prior abuse, and polysubstance dependence. Swelling, red- hospitalization she was diagnosed with venous ness, and pain of her legs developed several years stasis dermatitis; however, CUTISher physical examina- prior, and during a prior hospitalization she had been tion findings were not consistent with that diagno- diagnosed with chronic venous stasis dermatitis as sis. Imaging studies identified and characterized well as neurodermatitis. an abdominal aortocaval fistula. We propose that On admission, the patient had cool lower extremi- dermatologists add abdominal A-V fistula to the ties associated with discoloration and many crusted differential diagnosis of patients presenting with ulcerations. Aside from obesity, her abdominal exam- lower extremity edema with cyanosis, and we ination was unremarkable and no bruits were noted. -
ESCCAP Guidelines Final
ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ First Published by ESCCAP 2012 © ESCCAP 2012 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-40-1 ESCCAP Guideline 3 Control of Ectoparasites in Dogs and Cats Published: December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................4 SCOPE..............................................................................................................................................................5 PRESENT SITUATION AND EMERGING THREATS ......................................................................................5 BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES ...................................................................6 1. Fleas.............................................................................................................................................................6 2. Ticks ...........................................................................................................................................................10 -
Cryptic Arthropod Infestations Affecting Humans BENJAMIN KEH, MS, and ROBERT S
192 Clinical Mledicline Cheyletiella blakei, an Ectoparasite of Cats, as Cause of Cryptic Arthropod Infestations Affecting Humans BENJAMIN KEH, MS, and ROBERT S. LANE, PhD, Berkeley, and SHERRY P. SHACHTER, DVM, Alameda, California Cheyletiella blakei, an ectoparasitic mite of domestic cats, can cause an extremely annoying, persis- tent and pruritic dermatosis of obscure origin (cryptic infestation) in susceptible persons having close contact with infested cats. Although the prevalence ofcheyletiellosis in humans andcats appears to be low, evidence of its occurrence in California is increasing. Cheyletiellosis is often underdiagnosed in both its natural host and in humans. The small size of the mite, lack of publicity about the disease, frequentabsence ofsymptoms in infested cats andfailure to recover the mite from humans contribute to its delayedrecognition. When C blakei or other mites are suspectedofbeing the cause ofa dermatosis, medical entomologists may help to hasten the diagnosis by examining the patient's physical surround- ings, potential vertebrate hosts and other sources for the presence of mites. After C blakei has been eliminatedfrom cats with an appropriate pesticide, the disease in humans is self-limiting. (Keh B, Lane RS, Shachter SP: Cheyletiella blakei, an ectoparasite of cats, as cause of cryptic arthropod infestations affecting humans. West J Med 1987 Feb; 146:192-194) Several mites including Cheyletiella blakei, * a widely dis- be aware of its existence. The frequent lack of obvious symp- tributed ectoparasite of domestic cats, are capable of toms in the natural host, the domestic cat, also contributes to causing cryptic infestations in humans. 1-3 This mite and the the failure of patients to recognize the specific cause of their related Cheyletiella yasguri on dogs produce a skin condition dermatitis. -
Deconstructing Canine Demodicosis”
TESIS DOCTORAL TITULO: “Deconstructing canine demodicosis” AUTOR: Ivan Ravera DIRECTORES: Lluís Ferrer, Mar Bardagí, Laia Solano Gallego. PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO: Medicina i Sanitat Animals DEPARTAMENTO: Medicina i Cirurgia Animals UNIVERSIDAD: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2015 Dr. Lluis Ferrer i Caubet, Dra. Mar Bardagí i Ametlla y Dra. Laia María Solano Gallego, docentes del Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animales de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, HACEN CONSTAR: Que la memoria titulada “Deconstructing canine demodicosis” presentada por el licenciado Ivan Ravera para optar al título de Doctor por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, se ha realizado bajo nuestra dirección, y considerada terminada, autorizo su presentación para que pueda ser juzgada por el tribunal correspondiente. Y por tanto, para que conste firmo el presente escrito. Bellaterra, el 23 de Septiembre de 2015. Dr. Lluis Ferrer, Dra. Mar Bardagi, Ivan Ravera Dra. Laia Solano Gallego Directores de la tesis doctoral Doctorando AGRADECIMIENTOS A los alquimistas de guantes azules A los otros luchadores - Ester Blasco - Diana Ferreira - Lola Pérez - Isabel Casanova - Aida Neira - Gina Doria - Blanca Pérez - Marc Isidoro - Mercedes Márquez - Llorenç Grau - Anna Domènech - los internos del HCV-UAB - Elena García - los residentes del HCV-UAB - Neus Ferrer - Manuela Costa A los veterinarios - Sergio Villanueva - del HCV-UAB - Marta Carbonell - dermatólogos españoles - Mónica Roldán - Centre d’Atenció d’Animals de Companyia del Maresme A los sensacionales genetistas -
Allergies & Your
Allergies & Your Cat Allergies in cats generally take on one or more of three Most people choose a canned food that is made from forms; respiratory, itching (often facial, ears and sometimes only one meat to see which meat source is the offending feet) and digestive. Allergies can be environmental and/or one and then offer foods without that meat source. Each food related. Sometimes reactions like itching or a runny food item should be tested for two weeks, based on the nose only show up at specific times of the year. If a cat recommendation of your veterinarian. If a single meat has itchy ears or a runny nose only in the spring, it may source in a canned food is offered, make sure that the be a seasonal allergy to some type of pollen or mold that new diet does not contain any plant material. It is also occurs only at that time of year. There is little to be done likely that more than one type of protein will be involved for mild seaonal cases, the allergy usually dissipates with in the allergy. the change of season. However, if the reaction is severe enough, your veterinarian may recommend medication to Mild food allergies usually produce skin and ear irritation help control your cat’s symptoms. and can have many levels of severity. However, severe food allergies usually cause vomiting and sometimes Food allergies can also show up as itching, sores or diarrhea. Vomiting is usually the first symptom observed. scabbing from the itching. Food allergies may also present Almost always the cat will vomit more than an hour after as vomiting and/or stool issues. -
Fur, Skin, and Ear Mites (Acariasis)
technical sheet Fur, Skin, and Ear Mites (Acariasis) Classification flank. Animals with mite infestations have varying clinical External parasites signs ranging from none to mild alopecia to severe pruritus and ulcerative dermatitis. Signs tend to worsen Family as the animals age, but individual animals or strains may be more or less sensitive to clinical signs related Arachnida to infestation. Mite infestations are often asymptomatic, but may be pruritic, and animals may damage their skin Affected species by scratching. Damaged skin may become secondarily There are many species of mites that may affect the infected, leading to or worsening ulcerative dermatitis. species listed below. The list below illustrates the most Nude or hairless animals are not susceptible to fur mite commonly found mites, although other mites may be infestations. found. Humans are not subject to more than transient • Mice: Myocoptes musculinus, Myobia musculi, infestations with any of the above organisms, except Radfordia affinis for O. bacoti. Transient infestations by rodent mites may • Rats: Ornithonyssus bacoti*, Radfordia ensifera cause the formation of itchy, red, raised skin nodules. Since O. bacoti is indiscriminate in its feeding, it will • Guinea pigs: Chirodiscoides caviae, Trixacarus caviae* infest humans and may carry several blood-borne • Hamsters: Demodex aurati, Demodex criceti diseases from infected rats. Animals with O. bacoti • Gerbils: (very rare) infestations should be treated with caution. • Rabbits: Cheyletiella parasitivorax*, Psoroptes cuniculi Diagnosis * Zoonotic agents Fur mites are visible on the fur using stereomicroscopy and are commonly diagnosed by direct examination of Frequency the pelt or, with much less sensitivity, by examination Rare in laboratory guinea pigs and gerbils.