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Die Kausia. Symbolik Und Funktion Der Makedonischen Kleidung

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Die Kausia. Symbolik Und Funktion Der Makedonischen Kleidung DIE KAUSIA Symbolik und Funktion der makedonischen Kleidung Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. Phil.) an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen vorgelegt von Eric Janssen aus Emden Göttingen 2007 D 7 - Göttinger philosophische Dissertationen 1. Gutachterin Prof. Dr. Marianne Bergmann 2. Gutachter Prof. Dr. Hartmut Döhl Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 05.02.2003 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort...........................................................................................................................9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis...............................................................................................10 1. Einleitung.................................................................................................................13 1.1 Forschungsgeschichte und Forschungsstand.........................................................................15 1.2 Kleidungsforschung in Archäologie und Ethnologie.............................................................18 1.3 Fragestellung............................................................................................................................20 1.4 Vorgehensweise........................................................................................................................22 1.5 Die „Makedones“ - eine „ethnische“ Gruppe?......................................................................23 2. Die Kausia................................................................................................................29 2.1 Identifizierung..........................................................................................................................29 2.1.1 Antike Schriftquellen zur Kausia......................................................................................29 2.1.2. Zusammenfassung...........................................................................................................37 2.2 Aussehen der Kausia...............................................................................................................39 2.3 Herstellung, Material, Farbe..................................................................................................40 2.4 Herkunft und Verbreitung......................................................................................................43 3. Die Kausia in den archäologischen Quellen..........................................................46 3.1 Szenische Darstellungen und die Kausia diadematophoros.................................................47 3.1.1 Könige .............................................................................................................................47 3.1.1.1 Die Kausia diadematophoros als Kopfbedeckung der Könige..............................47 3.1.1.2 Die Kausia diadematophoros als Beizeichen auf Münzen.....................................67 3.1.1.3 König und Adel auf der Jagd................................................................................69 3.1.2 Militär...............................................................................................................................75 3.1.2.1 Die Kausia als Kopfbedeckung makedonischer Soldaten.....................................75 3.1.2.2 Thrakisch-illyrische Krieger mit Kausia...............................................................81 3.1.2.3 Unterschiedliche Nutzung der Kausia im militärischen Bereich...........................84 3.1.3 Bürger und Beamte mit Kausia.........................................................................................85 3.1.3.1 Zusammenfassung................................................................................................89 3.1.4 Exkurse: Die Kausia als „nationales“ Symbol?.................................................................89 Exkurs: Die „Kausia“ im illyrisch-thrakischen Bereich....................................................89 Exkurs: Kausia und Rundschild als „nationale Symbole“?...............................................92 Exkurs: Personifikationen mit Kausia...............................................................................94 3.2 Grabbeigaben und Weihungen: Statuetten aus Ton und Stein.............................................97 Exkurs: Thematische und typologische Bindung der Statuetten mit Kausia..............................98 Exkurs: Die Datierung der Statuetten........................................................................................99 3 3.2.1 Ägypten (einschließlich Kyrenaika)...............................................................................100 3.2.1.1 Chlamydephoroi ................................................................................................101 3.2.1.2 Soldaten..............................................................................................................103 3.2.1.3 Reiter..................................................................................................................105 3.2.1.4 Harpokrates und sein Gefolge.............................................................................107 3.2.1.5 Köpfe..................................................................................................................109 3.2.1.6 Zusammenfassung: Kleinformatige Statuetten mit Kausia aus Ägypten.............109 3.2.2 Kleinasien (einschließlich Lesbos)..................................................................................110 3.2.2.1 Chlamydephoroi .................................................................................................110 3.2.2.2 Reiter..................................................................................................................113 3.2.2.3 Ausnahmen.........................................................................................................113 3.2.2.4 Zusammenfassung: Terrakotten mit Kausia aus Kleinasien................................113 3.2.3 Makedonien, Griechenland, Schwarzes Meer.................................................................114 3.2.3.1 Makedonien (in den Grenzen von 359 v. Chr.)....................................................115 3.2.3.2 Nordgriechische Poleis (von Philipp II. zwischen 359 und 340 v.Chr. erobert). 117 3.2.3.3 Griechische Poleis am Schwarzen Meer unter makedonischer Kontrolle...........121 3.2.3.4 Griechische Poleis im „Korinthischen Bund“ ....................................................122 3.2.3.5 Königliche Neugründungen ...............................................................................127 3.2.3.6 Griechische Poleis auf der Krim / Bosporanisches Reich...................................133 3.2.3.7 Zusammenfassung: Terrakotten mit Kausia auf der Balkanhalbinsel..................133 3.2.4 Westliches Mittelmeer....................................................................................................135 3.2.4.1 Chlamydephoroi ................................................................................................135 3.2.4.2 Soldaten..............................................................................................................136 3.2.4.3 Reiter..................................................................................................................137 3.2.4.4 Manteljünglinge mit Syrinx................................................................................137 3.2.4.5 Eros und Eros-und-Psyche..................................................................................138 3.2.4.6 Frauen.................................................................................................................138 3.2.4.7 Köpfe..................................................................................................................139 3.2.4.8 Zusammenfassung..............................................................................................139 3.2.5 Zypern............................................................................................................................140 3.2.5.1 Statuetten aus Ton...............................................................................................141 3.2.5.2 Statuetten aus Kalkstein......................................................................................142 3.2.6 Vorderer Orient ..............................................................................................................143 3.2.6.1 Chlamydephoroi ................................................................................................144 3.2.6.2 Reiter..................................................................................................................145 3.2.6.3 Ausnahmen.........................................................................................................150 3.2.6.4 Köpfe..................................................................................................................151 3.2.6.5 Zusammenfassung .............................................................................................152 3.2.7 Zusammenfassung: Verbreitung von Statuetten mit Kausia............................................152 4 3.2.7.1 Verbreitung von Statuetten ohne Kausia am Beispiel der Chlamydephoren........153 3.2.7.2 Das Gesamtverbreitungsgebiet von Statuetten mit Kausia..................................157 3.3 Fundorte und Fundkontexte von Statuetten........................................................................158 3.3.1 Funde aus Nekropolen....................................................................................................158
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