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Desarrollo De La Podología En España

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Desarrollo De La Podología En España Desarrollo de la podología en España Virginia Novel Martí ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intelꞏlectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. tD UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA m TESIS DOCTORAL DESARROLLO DE LA PODOLOGÍA EN ESPAÑA Memoria presentada por Virginia Novel Martí para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Barcelona Director de tesis Prof. Dr. Jacint Corbella Corbella Tutora de Tesis Prof. Dra. M" Cristina Manzanares Céspedes ña GH D_�a_rr_ollo_�_w_h_Ml_�í_aen_E_�a__ 8. Análisis sociológico de la Podología en España (111) Análisis socio-cultural 233 Desarrollo de la Podología en España 8. ANÁLISIS SOCIO-CULTURAL Tras el recorrido diacrónico que hemos realizado en tomo al desarrollo y evolución de la podología en España, podemos decir que las dos características más importantes de las profesiones modernas aparecen ya a finales del siglo XIX. La primera de ellas es el monopolio sobre un corpus de conocimiento susceptible de ser aplicado a la práctica y, Por otra parte se constituye un monopolio sobre un mercado de servicios profesionales. Tal y como señala Wilensky (1980) -si bien desde una óptica muy economicista-, el proceso de profesionalización sigue unas pautas concretas mediante las que establece un paradigma de profesión de mercado. Según este mismo autor, tal proceso comienza con el ejercicio de la profesión sin un periodo previo de enseñanza formal. El siguiente paso es la organización de programas de enseñanza que permite controlar la entrada en la profesión y estandarizar su práctica y teoría. Cuando la profesión comienza a contar con un número considerable de miembros para el mercado existente, los profesionales establecidos se asocian para proteger sus "monopolios" presionando para obtener una legislación favorable. Los dos instrumentos usados para este [m son el establecimiento de licencias obligatorias para poder ejercer y la certificación profesional. Por otra parte, la tesis de Wilensky también considera la adopción de un código formal de ética profesional que supone la consolidación definitiva de la profesión como grupo operativo. Tomando como referencia la propuesta teórica de Wilensky sobre la dinámica de profesionalización, a continuación expondremos los elementos constituyentes y los procesos funcionales que, desde nuestra reflexión teórica y experiencia profesional, debe contener el paradigma de profesión de la podología. 235 Desarrollo de la Podología en España 8.1. Valores del profesionalismo VALORES y METAS: MANIFIESTOS: Ocupación técnica a tiempo completo. Ideal de servicio a la sociedad, compromiso vocacional. Contribución al conocimiento científico. Generación de entusiasmo por la profesión. LATENTES: Protección de la autonomía profesional. Reconocimiento social de la profesión y de su práctica. El esfuerzo conjunto de todos los profesionales para contribuir a la mejora del sistema sanitario público. EDUCACIÓN Y FORMACIÓN: Estudios de nivel universitario de larga duración. Cuerpo teórico científico propio. Sistema de educación permanente. CONOCIMIENTO: Control de la evolución y continuidad del corpus teórico científico por los propios profesionales. Experimentación e investigación clínica. Creación y fomento de las especialidades. PACIENTE/CLIENTE: Competencias profesionales. Reconocimiento en el ámbito público (sistema sanitario) y privado. La preocupación por garantizar una buena praxis. La reafirmación de la influencia social. INSTITUCIONES Y PODER: Colegios profesionales que regulan la cantidad y calidad de los miembros de la profesión. Asociaciones científicas. Código formal de ética profesional. Comunicación e interacción con otras profesiones. Comunicación e interacción con otras instituciones sociales. Liderazgo e influencia ante las instancias públicas y estatales. Fuente: Elaboración propia. 236 Desarrollo de la Podología en España 8.1.1. Valores y metas En sentido estricto, una profesión es una ocupación técnica a tiempo completo. Además, al tratarse de una tarea ocupacional altamente especializada tiene carácter vitalicio. En este sentido, podemos decir que cuando alguien es médico, abogado o podólogo es algo que se conserva, aún a pesar de dejar de ejercer la profesión. Del mismo modo, la podología plasma en su práctica profesional, al igual que otras profesiones implicadas directamente con el cuidado y atención de la salud humana, la aprehensión de un compromiso consciente, y extenso, hacia las personas y hacia el grupo profesional de pertenencia; la activación de ese doble compromiso se convierte en un continuum en la vida de un podólogo. Es decir, inherente a esa práctica médica, existe además un compromiso vocacional muy especial y un ideal de servicio a la sociedad y al paciente, lo que conlleva la necesidad de una dedicación y formación completa a la práctica profesional. Esto redundará en beneficio de la sociedad. Éste ha sido el objetivo que se ha conseguido con la inclusión de las enseñanzas de podología como carrera universitaria independiente, lo que ha contribuido a su progreso científico y a su reconocimiento social. Hechos, estos últimos, que junto con el compromiso vocacional de la profesión han contribuido al entusiasmo generacional por la profesión. Tanto el compromiso vocacional, como ese ideal de servicios compartidos por podólogos y podólogas, se sustentan en una fuerte base de valores. Valores que tienen una doble vía de pertenencia: por un lado de la persona-podólogo/a, y por otro lado, de la podología-grupo profesional. "No existe más fimdamento para (nuestras) lealtades y convicciones salvo el hecho de que las creencias, deseos y emociones que las apoyan se solapen con las creencias, deseos y emociones de otros muchos miembros del grupo con lo que nos identificamos en lo que concierte a la deliberación moral y política". Trasladando esta cita de Rorty (1999), a nuestro caso concreto, gracias a ese cúmulo consciente y arbitrario de creencias, deseos y emociones que por un lado son defendidos de forma individual y luego después, se solapan en un segundo plano con las creencias, deseos y emociones de un grupo profesional, nace y se edifica el paradigma de profesión en la Podología. De este modo, podemos afirmar, que en el caso de la Podología en España, los valores son una base consistente y necesaria, a pesar de 237 Desarrollo de la Podología en España pertenecer a un nivel subyacente en un primer momento, hasta que se visibilizan tanto en un código deontológico -los valores manifiestos-, como en el diálogo interprofesional entre los podólogos en un marco institucional, como puede ser hoy en día, los distintos Colegios Oficiales de Podólogos de España, Asociaciones científicas, o en el marco científico de un Congreso o Seminario, en el encuentro de un curso de formación, etc., encuadrándose todos éstos últimos en valores y metas latentes. A continuación abordamos algunos de los retos implícitos en la Podología, planteados por Félix Alonso Royano. Estos retos se corresponden con tres valores, con los que la profesión podológica se compromete, de una forma visible, a partir de la fecha histórica del 29 de marzo de 1962, en que se crea por Decreto la especialidad de Podología para Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios. Retomando las palabras de F. Alonso, "generalmente el progreso de la medicina va en estrecha relación con el progreso general del pueblo. De ahí que los pueblos con un bajo nivel económico tienen asimismo un nivel médico deficiente. Naturalmente la preocupación por elpie y su problemática es mínima o incluso nula. Por el contrario los países más desarrollados, mirémonos en el ejemplo de Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, (.
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