Digital Transformations of the Autobiographical Impulse
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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
The American Poetry Review
“As soon as we subscribe to a hierarchy, we circumscribe ourselves within a value system. This is perhaps the great conundrum AMERICAN of art—once we define a term, we impose a limit, thereby inviting both orthodoxy and transgression. Our concept of ‘art’ or ‘poem’ or ‘novel’ is, then, always in flux, and I think we’d agree that this is how art renews itself—through those who dare to challenge those terms. The making of art, and the evaluation of it, is always an act POETRY REVIEW of self-definition.” —KITANO, p. 37 MAY/JUNE 2021 VOL. 50/NO. 3 $5 US/$7 CA MEGAN FERNANDES MAGICAL REALISM IN AMERICA & OTHER POEMS FORREST GANDER OWNING YOURSELF: AN INTERVIEW WITH JACK GILBERT SALLY WEN MAO PARIS SYNDROME & OTHER POEMS ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: ALISON C. ROLLINS MAGGIE SMITH NATALIE EILBERT PHOTO: APRWEB.ORG RIVKAH GEVINSON 2 THE AMERICAN POETRY REVIEW The American Poetry Review (issn 0360-3709) is published bimonthly by World Poetry, Inc., a non-profit corporation, and Old City Publishing, Inc. Edi torial offices: 1906 Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, PA 19103-5735. Subscription rates: U.S.: 3 years, $78.00; 2 years, $56.00; 1 year, $32.00. Foreign rates: 3 years, $129.00; 2 years, $92.00; 1 year, $49.00. Single copy, $5.00. Special classroom adoption rate per year per student: MAY/JUNE 2021 VOL. 50/NO. 3 $14.00. Free teacher’s subscription with classroom adoption. Subscription mail should be addressed to The American IN THIS ISSUE Poetry Review, c/o Old City Publishing, 628 N. -
Senate Gives Obama Christmas Present and Then He Gets Hawaiian
E-reader News Edition 24/12/09 - 25/12/09 http://www.LibertyNewsprint.com Senate gives Obama Christmas present and then he gets Hawaiian holiday By Tabassum Zakaria (Front Oahu (even some of the Secret forecast for the entire time we’re Row Washington) Service agents on the ground there … Friday it’s 81 and sunny, Christmas Laser Beam Submitted at 12/24/2009 7:58:48 PM were in Hawaiian shirts) and Saturday it’s 81 and sunny. So I Cats Are the Reason everyone in the first family was think that the weather ought to for the Season [Humor] How much better could it get? greeted with the traditional lei lend itself to some outdoor President Barack Obama won a around their necks. activity,” White House By Adam Frucci (Gizmodo) hard-fought victory on his Then it was off to their Kailua spokesman Bill Burton told Submitted at 12/25/2009 6:33:56 AM signature domestic issue — home, past lush green rolling reporters on Air Force One. healthcare reform — first thing in hills, with gawkers stopping “This is an opportunity for the What happens when a couple of the morning with the Senate vote to take pictures, wave, call president to recharge his engineers decide to make a and then he left the frozen tundra someone, flash the “hang loose” batteries, knowing that as Christmas edition of SNL's of Washington, D.C., (we’re sign and essentially give the president you never really get to Lasercats sketch? Some talking about the weather) for the Obamas a warm welcome. -
Ted Nelson History of Computing
History of Computing Douglas R. Dechow Daniele C. Struppa Editors Intertwingled The Work and Influence of Ted Nelson History of Computing Founding Editor Martin Campbell-Kelly, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Series Editor Gerard Alberts, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Advisory Board Jack Copeland, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Ulf Hashagen, Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany John V. Tucker, Swansea University, Swansea, UK Jeffrey R. Yost, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA The History of Computing series publishes high-quality books which address the history of computing, with an emphasis on the ‘externalist’ view of this history, more accessible to a wider audience. The series examines content and history from four main quadrants: the history of relevant technologies, the history of the core science, the history of relevant business and economic developments, and the history of computing as it pertains to social history and societal developments. Titles can span a variety of product types, including but not exclusively, themed volumes, biographies, ‘profi le’ books (with brief biographies of a number of key people), expansions of workshop proceedings, general readers, scholarly expositions, titles used as ancillary textbooks, revivals and new editions of previous worthy titles. These books will appeal, varyingly, to academics and students in computer science, history, mathematics, business and technology studies. Some titles will also directly appeal to professionals and practitioners -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
Systems, Networks, and Webs: History and Theory of Infrastructure
SI 541/741 Prof. Paul N. Edwards University of Michigan, Winter 2008 Monday, 1-4 PM, 311 West Hall Systems, Networks, and Webs: History and Theory of Infrastructure This course offers historical, comparative, and theoretical perspectives on the evolution of major infrastructures from the 19th century to the present. We will focus especially on information infrastructures: the Internet, the World Wide Web, and scientific cyberinfrastructures. To set the stage, we will compare their historical trajectories with those of older transportation, electric power, and communication infrastructures. For example, transportation infrastructures face their most difficult challenges at the interface between different transport modes, as in ports (where shipping connects with trucking and rail) and airports (where air transit connects with automobile, truck, bus, subway, train, and pedestrian modes). These intermodal problems in transport networks find significant parallels in information infrastructures. For example, data conversion (from analog to digital, or from one digital format to another) creates difficult problems for system designers and users; connecting networks built on different standards motivated early Internet research. The course looks at how infrastructures form, how they change, and how they shape (and are shaped by) social systems. A major focus will be the role of standards (e.g. railroad track gauge, alternating current voltages, TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML) and standard-setting bodies in creating “ground rules” for infrastructure development. Concepts such as “technological momentum” (the tendency of large technical systems to become increasingly resistant to change), “load factor” (maximizing the use of available system capacity), and "interdependence" (among components and between connected infrastructures) will be explored. -
From World Brain to the World Wide Web Transcript
From World Brain to the World Wide Web Transcript Date: Thursday, 9 November 2006 - 12:00AM FROM THE WORLD BRAIN TO THE WORLDWIDE WEB Martin Campbell-Kelly, Warwick University Annual Gresham College BSHM Lecture Introduction There are quite a number of published histories of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Typically these histories portray the Internet as a revolutionary development of the late 20th century—perhaps with distant roots that date back to the early 1960s. In one sense this is an apt characterization. The Internet is absolutely a creation of the computer age. But we should not think of the Internet just as a revolutionary development. It is also an evolutionary development in the dissemination of information. In that sense the Internet is simply the latest chapter of a history that can be traced back to the Library of Alexandria or the printing press of William Caxton. In this lecture I will not be going back to the Library of Alexandria or the printing press of William Caxton. Instead I will focus on the contributions of three individuals who envisioned something very like the Internet and the World Wide Web, long before the Internet became a technical possibility. These three individuals each set an agenda. They put forward a vision of what the dissemination of information might become, when the world had developed the technology and was willing to pay for it. Since the World Wide Web became established in 1991 thousands of inventers and entrepreneurs have changed the way in which many of us conduct our daily lives. -
Das Mundaneum Oder Das Papierne Internet Von Paul Otlet Und Henri La Fontaine 2012
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Lena Christolova Das Mundaneum oder das papierne Internet von Paul Otlet und Henri La Fontaine 2012 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3764 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Sammelbandbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Christolova, Lena: Das Mundaneum oder das papierne Internet von Paul Otlet und Henri La Fontaine. In: Stefan Böhme, Rolf F. Nohr, Serjoscha Wiemer (Hg.): Sortieren, Sammeln, Suchen, Spielen. Die Datenbank als mediale Praxis. Münster: LIT 2012 (Medien'Welten 18), S. 31–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3764. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Weitergabe unter Attribution - Non Commercial - Share Alike 3.0/ License. For more gleichen Bedingungen 3.0/ Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere information see: Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Lena Christolova Das Mundaneum oder das papierne Internet von Paul Otlet und Henri La Fontaine Wissensrepräsentation und World Wide Web Das moderne World Wide Web (WWW) resultiert aus der gelungenen Allianz zwischen dem Hypertextkonzept von Ted Nelson, das 1965 zum ersten Mal öf- fentlich präsentiert wird (vgl. Nelson 1965, 1992), und der Idee der automa- tischen Protokollierung und Steuerung von Verbindungen (Links) zwischen Do- kumenten, die Vannevar Bush 1945 am Beispiel seiner Memex-Maschine (Bush 1945) exemplifiziert. Vollzogen wird diese Allianz in dem Enquire-Within-Upon- Everything-Programm von Tim Berners-Lee, woraus 1980 ein Datenbanksystem (ENQUIRE) auf der Basis des Hypertextprinzips entsteht, was zur Entwicklung des ersten Web-Browsers 1991 führt (Berners-Lee 1999, 7). -
App Quickstart Guide
App Quickstart Guide HOW TO USE THE NAVIGATION Intelligently networked: The Impulse Evo app and a Bluetooth connection between your smartphone and the Impulse Evo Smart Display are all you FUNCTION OF YOUR IMPULSE EVO E-BIKE: need to activate the navigation function that comes with your E-Bike with Impulse Evo drive system. Then you're ready to read navigation directions Quick guide to the Impulse Evo app conveniently from your display. "E-Bike Navigation" The Naviki navigation software has been specially developed for cyclists and will guide you reliably to your destination – whether you're planning a conventional start point to destination trip or a round trip around your location. You can record the routes you have ridden and share them with other Naviki users. And with the aid of the handy POIs (Points of Interest, such as places to stay or eat and drink, plus bicycle repair shops), you will always find everything you need, including for long journeys. The key functions are described in detail below. We wish you lots of enjoyment with the Impulse Evo app and happy cycling on your Impulse Evo E-Bike. 2 Quickstart Guide | Impulse Smart Display: Navigations App CONTENTS Impulse Evo Smart Display » 1. Installing the Impulse Evo app "E-BIKE NAVIGATION" » 2. Pairing your smartphone with the Impulse Evo Smart Display » 3. Route planning with the Impulse Evo app "E-BIKE NAVIGATION" » 4. Showing the navigation on the Impulse Evo Smart Display » 5. Other functions of the Impulse Evo app "E-BIKE NAVIGATION" » 6. Recharging your smartphone at the Impulse Evo Display » 7. -
In the Digital Games Medium
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Communication Theses Department of Communication 7-15-2009 L337 Soccer Moms: Conceptions of "Hardcore" and "Casual" in the Digital Games Medium Steven Andrew Boyer Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses Recommended Citation Boyer, Steven Andrew, "L337 Soccer Moms: Conceptions of "Hardcore" and "Casual" in the Digital Games Medium." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2009. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/communication_theses/53 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Communication at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. L337 SOCCER MOMS CONCEPTIONS OF “HARDCORE” AND “CASUAL” IN THE DIGITAL GAMES MEDIUM by STEVEN BOYER Under the Direction of Ted Friedman ABSTRACT As digital games have become increasingly significant in the entertainment media landscape, the terms “casual” and “hardcore” have become the primary ways to describe gaming audiences, genres, and gameplay. However, these terms are saturated with outdated stereotypes involving gender, age, and class. Focusing on industrial discourse, this thesis examines this dichotomy, emphasizing areas of discontinuity and overlap to question why these terms have become so ubiquitous in gaming discourse and what functions they fulfill for a variety of groups including the industry, advertisers, and audience members. Ultimately, I suggest that these terms need to be replaced in order to move beyond restrictive stereotypes, proposing a new framework for digital games that takes into consideration user motivation, personal investment, and historical specificity. -
Show #1321 --- Week of 5/4/20-5/10/20
Show #1321 --- Week of 5/4/20-5/10/20 HOUR ONE--SEGMENTS 1-3 SONG ARTIST LENGTH ALBUM LABEL________________ SEGMENT ONE: "Million Dollar Intro" - Ani DiFranco :55 in-studio n/a "Can You Get to That"-Funkadelic 2:45 Maggot Brain Westbound "Grew Apart"-Donovan Woods 2:50 single only Meant Well "Stay Away"-Randy Newman 2:00 single only Nonesuch "Cloak Of The Night"-EOB w/Laura Marling 2:30 Earth Capitol "Held Down"-Laura Marling (in-studio) 3:50 in-studio n/a ***MUSIC OUT AND INTO: ***NATIONAL SPONSOR BREAK*** USA Songwriting Competition/"Registration" (:30) Outcue: " Songwriting.net." TOTAL TRACK TIME: 17:30 ***PLAY CUSTOMIZED STATION ID INTO: SEGMENT TWO: "Devil May Care"-Kandace Springs 3:00 The Women Who Raised Me Blue Note ***INTERVIEW & MUSIC: SIERRA HULL (at home in Nashville) ("25 Trips," "Everybody’s Talking") in-studio interview/performance n/a ***MUSIC OUT AND INTO: ***NATIONAL SPONSOR BREAK*** The Ark/"COVID-19 Update" (:30) Outcue: " TheArk.org." TOTAL TRACK TIME: 19:10 SEGMENT THREE: "A Couple Broken Windows"-Aaron Burdett (USASC winner) 4:25 Refuge self-released "I Want You To Love Me"-Fiona Apple 4:00 Fetch The Bolt Cutters Epic "I Contain Multitudes"-Bob Dylan 4:35 single only Columbia "Count On Me"-The Lone Bellow (in-studio) 3:00 in-studio n/a ***MUSIC OUT AND INTO: ***NATIONAL SPONSOR BREAK*** Leon Speakers/"The Leon Loft" (:30) Outcue: " at LeonSpeakers.com." TOTAL TRACK TIME: 18:21 TOTAL TIME FOR HOUR ONE - 55:01 acoustic café · p.o. box 7730 · ann arbor, mi 48107-7730 · 734/761-2043 · fax 734/761-4412 [email protected] -
What Is the Self? No One Can Easily Give a Perfect Answer to This Eternal Question
Introduction In the beginning of Song of Myself, Walt Whitman declares: I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. (1-3) What is the self? No one can easily give a perfect answer to this eternal question. Walt Whitman, in his poem Song of Myself, offers a poetic interpretation of the mysterious human self. To the child‘s question ―What is the grass?‖ the wise poet replied, ―I do not know what it is any more than he. Or I guess the grass is itself a child, the produced babe of the vegetation‖ (99, 105). Here he combines his nature-based (biologically-based) ―guess‖ with the totally open-minded attitude of the philosopher, the attitude of ―not-knowing‖ as something positive and healthy, a childish curiosity, an active ―guessing‖ (rather than as a negative skepticism or agnosticism). Similarly, he (like us) could only guess what a human ―self‖ is. For a human being has an ―identity‖ in several senses of the term, including the biological, psychological and socio-cultural-political. Whitman is interested in all of these, and in other senses as well. But above all he is interested in the question: How does one see oneself? How does one define oneself, the nature of one‘s own existence, within the larger universe and larger culture-society, and within the flux of (natural and socio-cultural) phenomena? Of course, in attempting to identify ourselves we all experience the process of being-a-self, for the self is for Whitman above all a process, a movement-through- time.