(IPADA) Conference Proceedings 2016, 16 Other Quality Papers
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ANNUAL IPADA st INTERNATIONAL 1 CONFERENCE 2016 International Conference on Public Administration and Development IPADA Alternatives CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS “GOVERNANCE IN THE 21st CENTURY ORGANISATION” ISBN: 978-0-620- 69682-1 06-08 July 2016 The Park Hotel,Limpopo Province, South Aca Conference Proceedings Published by the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA) The 1st Annual International Conference on the Governance in the 21st Century Organisation ISBN: 978-0-620- 69682-1 Editors Chief Editor: Prof. M.P Sebola, University of Limpopo Deputy-Editor: Prof J.P Tsheola, University of Limpopo Copyright 2016, International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa Copyright of this conference Proceedings as a whole and in part is vested in the Interna- tional Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives(IPADA); and, no part may be reproduced in whole or in part without Editors expressed permission in writing. All material used and presented in papers are the sole responsibility of author(s); and, the editors take no responsibility for author(s) transgressions on copyrights. The Park Hotel, Limpopo Province, South Africa 06-08 July 2016 Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 2016 EDITORS Editor: Prof MP Sebola Deputy Editor: Prof JP Tsheola EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Prof. MP Sebola, University of Limpopo Prof. JP Tsheola , University of Limpopo Dr. R Mkhonza, Tshwane University of Technology Dr. KB Dipholo, University of Botswana Prof. MJ Mafunisa, University of Venda Mr. RK Manyaka, Tshwane University of Technology Mr. SD Ndou, University of Limpopo Ms. MA Mamabolo, University of Limpopo EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. SR Malefane, University of South Africa Dr. B Mothusi, University of Botswana Prof. CC Ngwakwe, University of Limpopo Prof. O Mtapuri, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Dr. S Olivier , University of Zululand Prof. S Balkaran , Walter Sisulu University Prof. K Dipholo, University of Botswana Prof. KA Mothibi, University of Venda Dr. G Kareija, Uganda Management Institute Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 2016 Prof. DM Mello, North West University Prof. NW Nkuna, University of Limpopo Prof. LB Mzini, North West University Prof. L de W Fourie, Unitech of New Zealand Prof. M Marobela, University of Botswana Prof BC Basheka, Uganda Technology and Management University Dr. RB Namara, Uganda Management Institute Prof. KO Odeku, University of Limpopo Dr. N Matsiliza, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Prof. RS Masango, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Prof. O Fatoki, University of Limpopo Dr. S Kyohairwe, Uganda Management Institute Dr. A Asha, University of Limpopo Dr. J Coetzee, Polytechnic of Namibia Prof. KJ Maphunye, University of South Africa Dr. MM Makhura , South African Reserve Bank Dr. MT Makhura, Land Bank of South Africa Dr. R Molebatsi, University of Botswana Prof. S Madue, Independent Institute of Higher Education Dr. IS Malila, University of Botswana Prof. OO Othata, University of Botswana Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 2016 Editorial Note The International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IP- ADA) was first hosted at the Park Hotel, Mokopane on the 6th July to 8th July 2016. This con- ference aimed to bring together academics from a multi-disciplinary context to engage on one of the significant issue of debate today which is governance. Governance has be- come a buzz word for administration and development in modern academic discourse. In its 1stt Annual Conference the Scientific Committee deliberately crafted the theme Gov“ - ernance in the 21st Century Organisations:” as a way of provoking debates that would ultimately bring about solutions to the conflicting relationships in which twenty first century organisations find themselves in with the many different stakeholders in organisations. Indeed papers received for publication in these Conference proceedings addressed the theme from a variety of perspectives. A number of papers in this publication argue for the concept of governance from a multiplicity of perspectives. In general many papers in this collection addressed the concept of governance from its practice in government, Busi- ness, higher education, Economy and in the Regional African blocks. All papers that are published in this Conference Proceedings went through a quality schol- arship verification of Triple Blind Review process by specialists in the subject of Public Admin- istration, Development and Public Governance. Papers which were accepted with sug- gested revisions were sent back to the authors for corrections before a final decision could be made by the Editorial Committee to publish them. The review process which determined the publishability of each paper contained herein was compiled in accordance with the editorial policy and guidelines approved by the Scientific Committee of the membership of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA). The International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPA- DA) it’s in its first year of existence but has successfully managed to draw together experts from the subjects’ fields of Public Administration, Development Management, Human Re- sources and Local Government among others to engage and attempt to find solutions for governance problems in the 21st century organisations through dialogue and peer re- viewed publication. This compilation provides only 50 papers out of 147 paper abstracts received and read at the 1st Annual International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alter- natives (IPADA) held at Mokopane, South Africa from July, 06-08, 2016. Indeed only 87 pa- pers were reviewed in which 71 received favourable review reports and 12 were rejected and two papers never submitted for publication. While only 50 papers from this conference were published in the 1st Annual International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA) Conference Proceedings 2016, 16 other quality papers Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 2016 from this conference were selected for publication in the African Journal of Public Affairs, a peer reviewed journal accredited with the International Bibliography of the Social Sci- ences (IBSS). This Conference proceeding is published online (ISBN no. 978-0-620-69683-8) and print (ISBN no. 978-0-620- 69682-1) in order to be accessible to as many academics, researchers and practitioners as possible. This publication consists of 50 scientific papers contributed by authors from 15 South African Universities, 2 African Universities and 4 public and semi-public institutions. The Volume con- sists of 65% of papers published from varying institutions as per the requirements of the South African Department of Higher Education and Training Research Output Policy guidelines published in March 2015. Papers published in this Conference Proceedings may be reproduced for Pedagogic and Non-Commercial purposes. For republication of the paper in a journal, the authors have to secure a written permission from the publisher. In this case, the Editor and Deputy Editor of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives (IPADA). Conference Proceedings of the International Conference on Public Administration and Development Alternatives 2016 Foreword In 1955 the views and aspirations of the people of this country, were consolidated into a document called Freedom Charter which is the main policy framework that guides the democratic government. At the top of its pronouncement is the call that the PEOPLE SHALL GOVERN. And this gave a clear policy direction that, once a democratic government is put in place, it would have to ensure creation and establishment of structures and systems that would enable the process towards creation of a democratic society characterised by non- racialism, non-sexism, democracy and prosperity. Understandably, the 1994 democratic breakthrough brought in a new order based on the new constitution that replaced the apartheid government. And introduced governance systems and created institutions of democracy, and put at the centre the people as the primary clients of government. And profoundly gave them a responsibility to ensure partic- ipatory development, in fact legislated their involvement in the decision making processes of government, implementation and evaluation thereof. Therefore the engagement we are having tonight, is part of an on-going process of academic imperative and political significance, so that intellectual framework could be provided to meaningfully respond , to the complex issues of policy , governance , management and legislative realities facing government and public institutions. Indeed exploratory discussions took the community of academics to Ottawa, Singapore, Rio de- Janeiro and London. Throughout that intellectual journey, the pertinent area of governance in the 21st century has been at the centre of discussion as countries of the world implement different models of governance. And therefore comparative analysis and continuous assessment is of essence to benchmark and advice accordingly.