A Main Character Analysis in Hansel and Gretel Written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A MAIN CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN HANSEL AND GRETEL WRITTEN BY JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM

HUSNAYAINI NIM. 103026027626

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA 2011 ABSTRACT

Husnayaini, “A Main Character Analysis in Hansel and Gretel Written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm”. Thesis. Jakarta. English Letters Department, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, February 2011.

This research studies Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm’s entitled Hansel and Gretel published by Grimm’s fairy tales in final edition, 1857. The writer uses the character’s characterization conception as the theoretical framework. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative in analyzing the tale. The objective of this research is to know how the character Hansel and Gretel characterized by the author. The writer collects the characteristics of the main character through the characterization. The collected data are analyzed by using character analysis. In this analysis the writer finds out the main character characteristics. Hansel is a young boy; he is smart, wise, strong, responsible, survivor, never give up, and brave. In addition, his little sister, Gretel is also smart, brave, innocent, submissive, wise, never give up, and survivor. Although they are still children, both of them are brave person. They succeed overcome their problem from suffer and they dare to force the wicked witch that they had met in the wood. Finally, they went home and live happily ever after.

i APPROVEMENT

A MAIN CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN HANSEL AND GRETEL WRITTEN BY JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM

A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Strata 1 Degree (S1)

HUSNAYAINI NIM. 103026027626

Approved by:

Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum Advisor

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA 2011

ii LEGALIZATION

Name : Husnayaini NIM : 103026027626 Title : A Main Character Analysis in Hansel and Gretel Written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

The thesis entitled “A Main Character Analysis in Hansel and Gretel Written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm” has been defended before the Letter and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on February 9th, 2011. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of requirement for Strata One Degree (SI).

Jakarta, February 9th, 2011

The Examining Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Asep Saefudin, M. Pd (Chair Person) NIP. 19640710 1999303 1 006

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Secretary) NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum (Advisor) NIP. 19781003 200112 2 002

4. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Examiner I) NIP. 19650919 200003 1 002

5. Inayatul Chusna, M. Hum (Examiner II) NIP. 19780126 200312 2 002

iii DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission in my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, Februari 2011

Husnayaini

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe and thereafter. I have no doubt that all I have is from Him. Peace and blessing be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, all of his friends and followers.

I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved family: my mother

(Maswarni), my father (Alm. Imran), thank you so much for their love, financial support, prayers, hope, motivation, and all the contribution I need to finish my study in this University. I also want to thank to my husband; Hanafi and my lovely children; Kim Bum Fakhrezi and Kirey Saraca who support me during the preparation of doing my thesis. Thank you for all your kindness, spirit and care.

I would like to thank my advisor, Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum for his great patient, and contributions in finishing this thesis. I thank for all her advises that have been given to me, May God bless her.

I wish to say gratitude to the following persons:

1. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M. Ag as the Dean of Letters and

Humanities Faculty, Syarif Hidyatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta.

2. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M. Pd as the head of English Letters Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum as the secretary of English Letters Department

who has given helpful suggestions and comments.

4. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd as the examiner I of this thesis who has

given helpful suggestions and detailed comments.

v 5. Inayatul Chusna, M. Hum as the examiner II of this thesis and her

suggestions.

6. All lecturers of English Letters Department who have taught and educated

me during my study at Syarif Hidayatullah University, Jakarta.

7. My big family, Delimunthe, thank you for all your kindness, spirit and

care.

8. All of my friends at English Letters Department; Muzdalifah (Ipheh),

Nugraheni Aditya (Uphi), Faisal, thank you for their kindness and care.

For all my friends that I cannot be mentioned one by one for giving their

friendship, thanks a lot.

May Allah SWT, the Almighty and the Merciful blesses us, Amin. Finally,

I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Accordingly, I hope any suggestion and criticism for this thesis.

Jakarta, February 2011

The Writer

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i

APPROVEMENT ...... ii

LEGALIZATION ...... iii

DECLARATION ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Focus of the Study ...... 3 C. Research Question ...... 3 D. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………….. 3 E. Research Methodology...... 4 1. The Objective of the Research ...... 4 2. Method of the Research ...... 4 3. Technique of Data Analysis ...... 4 4. Unit of Analysis ...... 4 5. Instrument ...... 4

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...... 5 A. Character and Characterization ...... 5 B. Kinds of Character ...... 6 C. Identifying Character ...... 10

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS ...... 12 A. Data Description...... 12 B. The Characteristics of Hansel and Gretel...... 14 B.1. The Characteristics of Hansel.………………………………… 14 B.2. The Characteristics of Gretel ..…...……………………………. 17

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 22 A. Conclusion……………………………………………………… ...... 22 B. Suggestion………………………………………………………...... 23

REFERENCES ...... 24

APPENDIXES ...... 26

vii CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

X. J. Kennedy explains that “modern literary fiction in English has been dominated by two forms: the novel and the short story. The two have many elements in common. Perhaps we will be able to define the short story more meaningfully, for it has traits more essential than just a particular length, if first, for comparison, we consider some related varieties of fiction: the fable and the tale. Ancient forms whose origins date back to the time of word of mouth storytelling, the fable and the tale are relatively simply in structure; in them we can plainly see elements also found in the short story (and in the novel)”1

Folk tales and fairy tales also come out of the oral tradition. These tales and fairy tales also come out of the oral tradition. These tales which developed concurrently with other narrative forms. The folk tales and fairy tales that survive (such as Cinderella and Aesop‟s Fables) are contemporary versions of old, even ancient, tales that can be traced back centuries through many different cultures. Despite their variety these narrative forms have several elements in common. First, they have straight forward characterizations, often contrasting distinctly different personality types. In additions, the folk tale or fairy tale has an

1 X. J. Kennedy, An Introduction to Fiction, Fifth Edition (New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1991), p. 2.

1 2

obvious theme or moral good triumphing over evil, for instance.2

Folklorists make distinctions among the categories of folktales.

Legend and traditions are narratives of an explanatory nature concerning creation and tribal beginnings, supernatural beings, and quasi historical figures (e.g., King

Arthur). These stories are related as fact and concern a specific time and place.

Fairy tales are entirely fictional and often begin with such formulas as “once upon a time…” Popular examples recount the supernatural adventures and mishaps of youngest daughters, transformed princess, mermaids, and wood fairies and elves

(e.g., Cinderella). Animal tales abound in every culture; most of them are clearly anthropomorphic, the animals assuming human personalities. Such tales are classified according to three subdivisions: the etiological tale, or tale concerning origins (e.g., Great Hare of the Native North Americans); the fable pointing to a moral (Aesop‟s Fables); and the beast epic (e.g., Reynard the Fox). Myths, which are more difficult to define satisfactorily, treat happenings of a long time ago; they generally concern the adventures of gods, giants, heroes, nymphs, satyrs, and villains, as well as etiological themes.3

A fairy tales analyzed by the writer is Hansel and Gretel created by

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. This story tells about the young children of a poor wood cutter, when a great famine came to the land, their stepmother plans to take the children into the woods and leave them there to fend for themselves. So that, she and her husband might not starve. Their stepmother forces their father to agree

2 Ibid, p. 36.

3 Folktale from http//www.infoplease.com/ceb/ent/Ao819070.html#1Q1Mmmjse, Accessed on June 18th, 2011.

to leave the children in the woods to die. In the woods the children come upon the house of an evil witch who plans to eat them.

In this tale, the writer will analyze the problem by looking on the character’s characterization. The writer chooses this tale tells about the relationship between family, which is taken from the reality or mimesis of reality world and this tale more literary and more sentimental to analyze.

B. Focus of the Study

This research focuses on the study of Hansel and Gretel’s characteristics in the tale “Hansel and Gretel” created by Jacob and Wilhelm

Grimm by using character analysis.

C. Research Questions

The writer concentrates on answering questions as follow what are the main character’s characteristics in a tale Hansel and Gretel?

D. Objectives of the Study

The writer hopes the result of this study can be used for the readers who are interested in the study of literature, especially character analysis. The writer also hopes the result of this study can give advantages literature knowledge, especially the study of tale Hansel and Gretel written by Jacob Wilhelm Grimm published in final edition, 1857.

E. Research Methodology

1. The Objective of the Research

The objective of this research is to understand what the main

character’s characteristics in a tale Hansel and Gretel.

2. Method of the Research

In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. The

research is based on the comprehension about the correlation of the conflict

of main character in the tale Hansel and Gretel which is evaluated from

character analysis.

3. Technique of Data Analysis

The writer collected the data from several sources that related to the

study. The data are analyzed by descriptive analysis.

4. Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis of study is the tale of Hansel and Gretel that was

written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. The writer takes the simplified version

that was published by Grimm’s Fairy Tales in final edition, 1857.

5. Instrument

In collecting data, the writer as the instrument reads, identifies, and

classifies the information from the tale by quoting evidences to support my

arguments.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Character and Characterization

There are many definitions of character, they include: Character is like creature in fictional story; is presented with the characteristics and clues that are described in the story such as action, person’s speech, description, environment, thoughts, and explanation.4 Brook and Warren view character as complexity of potentialities action.5

Robert Diyanni explains that a character is an imaginary person that lives in a literary work. Literary character may be major or minor, static or dynamic.6 A character is some on in literature work who has some sort identity (it need not be a strong on), an identity which is made up by appearance, conversation, action, name, and possibly thoughts going in the head.7

Characters in fiction can be classified as major and minor, static and dynamic. A major character is an important figure at the center of the story’s action or theme. Usually a character’s status as major or minor is clear. The major character is sometimes called a protagonist whose conflict with an antagonist may

4 Singleton, et al., An Introduction to Literature (New York: The world publishing company, 1996), p. 282.

5 Henri Guntur Tarigan, Dasar-dasar Sastra (Bandung: Angkasa, 1993), p. 148.

6 Robert Diyanni, Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (New York: McGraw Hill Companies, 2002), p. 54.

7 Richard Gill, Mastering English Literature (London: McMillan Master Series, 1995). P. 127

5 6

spark the story’s conflict. Supporting the major character are one or more secondary or minor characters whose function is partly to illuminate the major characters. Minor characters are often static or unchanging, they remain the same from the beginning of a work to the end. Dynamic characters, on the other hand, exhibit some kind of change the attitude, of purpose, of behavior as the story progresses.8

Character has different meaning with characterization. A characterization is the means by which writers present and reveal character. The method of characterization is narrative description with explicit judgment. We are given facts and interpretive comment. The characterization also reveals characters by letting us enter their consciousness, telling us what character think and feel.9

Characterization is the process of creating character in fiction. The manners of describing can be done through the events, author direct statement, conversation, and though statement from others characters.10

B. Kinds of Character.

Vogler, in his best known book, the Writer’s Journey: Mythic

Structure for Writers divides character as follows:

1. Driver Characters:

a) Protagonist is the driver of the story: the one who forces the action that is

8 Robert Diyanni (2002), loc. cit.

9 Ibid. p, 56.

10 Burhan Nurgiantoro, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi (Jogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 1988), p. 164.

defined by pursue and consideration characteristics.

b) Antagonist is the character directly opposed to the protagonist that is

defined by prevent and reconsideration characteristics.

c) Guardian is a teacher or helper who aids the protagonist that is defined by

help and conscience to the protagonist.11

2. Passenger Characters:

a) Rationalist makes its decisions and takes action on the basis of logic that is

defined by controlled and logic.

b) Emotionalist responds with its feeling without thinking that is defined by

uncontrolled and feeling.

c) Sidekicker is unfailing in its loyalty and support that is defined by support

and faith.

d) Skepticist doubts everything that is defined by opposition and disbelief.12

Almost all of the scholars in literature agree with the kinds of character below. The following are some ways in which readers sometimes classify characters that is very common known. They are includes:

a) Protagonist and Antagonist

Protagonist is the main character in the story or other literary work.

The protagonist experiences conflict caused by antagonist, which considers it

as a wicked character, is not accurately true because antagonist is a person

11 Christopher Vogler, the Writer‟s Journey: Mythic Structure for the Writer (New York: Blackwell, 2000), p. 150-154.

12 Ibid. p, 155-160.

who actively opposes somebody of something.13

b) Static and Dynamic

A dynamic character is the one who changes significantly during the

course of the story. Changes considered to qualify a character as dynamic

include changes in sight or understanding, changes in commitment, and

changes in values. Changes in circumstances, even physical circumstance, do

not apply unless they result in some change within the character’s self. By

that definition, the protagonist is nearly always a dynamic character. In

coming-of-age stories in particular, the protagonist often undergoes dramatic

change, transforming from innocence to experience to experience.

Antagonists in some stories are frequently dynamic as well.14

A static character is a literary character that remains basically

unchanged throughout a work. Whether round or flat, their personalities

remain essentially stable throughout the course of the story. This is

commonly done with secondary characters in order to let them serve as

thematic or plot elements.15

c) Flat and Round

Round characters are characters that are complex and realistic; they

represent a depth of personality which is imitation of life. They frequently

posses both good and bad traits, and they may react unexpectedly or become

13 Encyclopedia Americana. (London: Grolier International, Volume VI, 1985) p. 367.

14 Literature, taken from http:www.literatureforknowledge.com/. accessed on March 10th, 2009.

15 Ibid.

entangled in their own interior conflicts. These characters have been fully

developed by an author, physically, mentally, and emotionally, and are

detailed enough to seem real. A round character is usually a main character,

and is developed over the course of the story. A flat character is its opposite,

having hardly any development whatsoever.16

A flat character is distinguished by its lack of a realistic personality.

Though the description of a flat character may be detailed and rich in defining

characteristics, it falls short of the complexity associated with a round

character.17

d) Major and Minor

A major character is a person or thing that has a big role in the

development and configuration of the story. A none of this character causes

the absent of the story. All elements belong to the story such as theme, plot,

atmosphere, and others are focused on describing this kind of character.

While a minor character existence of this kind is to support the major one. A

minor character plays only small role and contribution to the development

and configuration of the story.18

16 Laurie G. Kirzner et. al, Literature, Reading, Reacting, Writing (Cambridge: University of Cambridge), p. 146.

17 Ibid. p. 148.

18 A. P. Dhumel, Literature: Form and Function (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1965), p. 45.

C. Identifying Character

Perrine Lawrence states there are three principles to identify character19:

1. First, the characters are consistent in their behavior. They do not behave one way on one occasion and different way on another occasion unless there is clearly sufficient reason for the change.

2. Second, the characters are clearly motivated in whatever they do, especially in the changes of their behavior, the reason for what they do must be able to be understood, if not immediately, at least by the end of the story.

3. Third, the characters are plausible or life like. It means every character who presents the story always behave as if their real characteristic. The actors indirectly tell to audience what characteristic in the story into their own character.

The actor can apply their performance to performance.

The next principle of how to analyze character is analyzing it from many aspects through the words, action, narrator, and description of another character. Analyzing through the word means that analyzing the words from script of the story. Another principle of analyzing character is the action of every character must behave accordingly to their characteristics in the story. Their attitudes on acts indirectly indicate their personality and role.20

19 Perrine Lawrence, Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense (London: Harcourt Bruce Javanovic, 1984), p. 41

20 Dian Wisudawati, Main Character Analysis in the Blues Eyes (Jakarta: Paper, 2008), p. 8.

Another aspect in order that a character could be analyzed is throughout the story of the narrator. Furthermore, the last principle that can be taken to analyze character is through a description another.21

Here the analysis concerns with relation among the characters build the configuration of the story. For instances, in the case of major and minor character, a term “major” comes out from a term “minor”. In other word we cannot say this character is major without identifying that another character is minor.

21 Ibid. p. 9.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data Description

Hansel and Gretel are the young children of a poor woodcutter. When a great famine settles over the land, the woodcutter’s wife(step mother) concocts a plan to take a children into the woods and leave them there to fend for themselves, so that she and her husband, with two fewer mouths to feed, might not starve. The woodcutter opposes the plan but finally, and reluctantly, submits to his wife’s scheme. They are unaware that in the children’s bedroom, Hansel and Gretel have overheard them. After the parents have gone to bed, Hansel sneaks out of the house and gathers as many white pebbles as he can, then returns to his room, reassuring Gretel that god will not forsake them.

The next day, the families walk deep into the woods and Hansel lays a trail of white pebbles. After their parents abandon them, the children wait for the moon to rise and illuminate the pebbles. They return home safely, much to their stepmother horror. One again provisions become scarce and the stepmother angrily orders her husband to take the children further into the woods and leave them there to die. Hansel and Gretel attempt to gather more pebbles, but find the door locked and find it impossible to escape.

The following morning, the family treks into the woods. Hansel takes a slice of bread and leaves a tail of bread crumbs for them to follow home.

12 13

However, after they are once again abandoned, they find that birds have eaten the crumbs and they are lost in the woods. After days of wondering, they follow a beautiful white bird to clearing in the woods, and discover a cottage built of gingerbread and cakes with window panes of clear sugar. Hungry and tired, the children begin to eat the rooftop of the candy house, when the door opens and a very old woman emerges and lures the children inside, with the promise of soft beds and delicious food. Their hostess is a “wicked witch” who always children to cook and eat them.

The next morning, the witch locks Hansel in an iron cage in the garden and forces Gretel into becoming a slave. The witch feeds Hansel regularly to fatten him up, but Hansel cleverly offers a bone he found in the cage and the witch feels it, thinking it to be his finger. Due to her blindness, she is fooled into thinking Hansel is still too thin to eat. After weeks of this, the witch grows impatient and decides to eat Hansel.

She prepared the oven for Hansel, but decides she is hungry enough to eat Gretel, too. She asks Gretel to open the oven and prods her lean over in front of it to see if the fire is hot enough. Gretel, sensing the witch’s intents, pretends she does not understand what she means. Suddenly, the witch demonstrates and

Gretel instantly shoves the witch into the oven, slams and bolts the door shut, leaving her. The witch screaming in pain and burned until she dies. Gretel frees

Hansel from the cage and the pair discovers a vast treasure and precious stones.

Putting the jewels into their clothing, the children set off for home. A swan ferries them across an expanses of water and at home they find their father but their

stepmother has died. The father has spent all his days lamenting the loss o his children, and is delighted to see them safe and sound. With the witch’s wealth, they all live happily ever after.

B. The Characteristics of Hansel and Gretel

The writer examines Hansel and Gretel as the main character in the tale of Hansel and Gretel written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. The author describes Hansel and Gretel’s actions and attitude as a central figure in the story as protagonist. In this chapter, the writer analyzes Hansel and Gretel through several aspects by using clues that can be found from each character’s narration in the tale. The following are the characteristics of Hansel and Gretel:

B.1. The Characteristics of Hansel:

1. Smart

The author introduces in the first paragraph that Hansel and Gretel are children who has a father and a step mother who works as poor woodcutter. When a great famine came to their land, they could no longer provide even daily bread as their food. One evening, their stepmother said to his husband that they must leave Hansel and Gretel in the wood. Hence, they can free from suffer. First, the father refuses what his wife said to him, but he didn’t dare. However, he agreed it with pressure. In the meantime, Hansel and Gretel hear what they said. Gretel becomes sad to Hansel. But Hansel tries to make the situation calm. He convinces her that he has a way to solve the problem. Then, he tries to sneak out to the front

door, collects shinny pebbles and puts them to his pocket to make them back home from the jungle. The sentence below shows that Hansel is a smart.

“…and as soon as the adults had fallen asleep, he got up, pulled on his jacket, opened the lower door, and crept outside. The moon was shining brightly, and the white pebbles in front of the house were glistening like silver coins. Hansel bent over and filled his jacket pocket with them, as many as would fit…” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 8)

“They followed the pebbles that glistened there like newly minted coins, showing them way.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 25)

This happened twice, when Hansel and Gretel back home. The next day, his stepmother tries to leave them again in the woods. But, Hansel has an idea.

Then, he drops his bread throughout the woods to make a way to go home.

“on the way to the woods, Hansel crumbled his piece in his pocket, then often stood still, and threw crumbs onto the ground…little Hansel dropped all the crumbs onto the path...” (Jacob and Wilhelm 1857, 33)

This also happened when Hansel and Gretel are caught by the witch. But, the witch only took Hansel to the stall. And let Gretel to serve her. The witches gave him a good meal, to make Hansel fattened up be eaten. Every morning, the witches comes to the stall and asks him about his condition, make sure Hansel is fat or yet. If he is fat, the itches already to eat him. Hansel knows that the witch has bad eyes so he lies to her that he is still thin.

“Every morning the old woman crept out to the stall and shouted,” Hansel, stick out your finger, so I can feel if you are fat yet.”…But Hansel stuck out a little bone, and the old woman, who had bad eyes and couldn‟t see the bone, thought it was Hansel‟s finger, and she wondered why he didn‟t get fat.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 66)

2. Wise

Hansel is wise person as a young boy, especially to his little sister, Gretel.

When they hear that their father and stepmother will leave them in the woods,

Gretel begins crying. As an elder brother, he tries to comfort her with pleasure.

This can be shown below this sentence

“..When they finally awoke, it was dark at night. Gretel began to cry and said. “How will we get out of woods?”…Hansel comforted her, “wait a little until the moon comes up, and then we‟ll find the way.”(Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 22)

This also happened twice again. When they succeed to back home, their parents tries to leave them again in the deeper woods. Gretel begins crying, so

Hansel tries to entertain her again.

“…he comforted his little sister and said. “Don‟t cry, Gretel. Sleep well. God will help us.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 31)

“…and finally they saw the father‟s house in the distances. They began to run, rushed inside, and threw their arms around the father‟s neck…Gretel shook out her apron, scattering pearls and precious stones around the room, and Hansel added to them by throwing one handful after the other from his pockets…and they lived happily together...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 84)

3. Responsible

Hansel also responsible person. He never leaves his little sister alone in the woods; he keeps and takes care always to her. This can be seen below this sentence.

“Hansel and Gretel sat by the fire. When midday came each one ate his little piece of bread...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 20)

“…after the full moon had come up, Hansel took his little sister by the hand.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 23)

4. Never give up and brave

Hansel is described as a brave person and never gives up. He always optimist that he can solve the problem. He always tries to find a way to go home with Gretel. He starts and starts again, never give up for few days until finding a little house was built entirely from the bread with a roof made of cake, and the windows are made of velar sugar. The sentence below shows that Hansel is a brave person and never gives up.

“..We will find our way...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 45)

“They walked through the entire night and the next day from morning until evening, but they did not find their way out of the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 45)

“They started again, but managed only to go deeper and deeper into the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47)

5. Survivor

Hansel is survivor. For a few days, he and his little sister, Gretel walk on in the woods. When they are hungry, they eat berries that are growing on the ground. This can be seen below this sentence.

“They were terrible hungry, for they had eaten only a few small berries that were growing o the ground. And because they were so tired that their legs would no longer carry them, they lay down under a tree and fell asleep.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 46)

B.2. The Characteristics of Gretel:

1. Smart

She is a smart girl. When her stepmother gives her and Hansel a loaf of bread, she knows that Hansel’s pocket is full of stones. So, Gretel puts the bread

under her apron to keep it from her stepmother. This can be seen below his sentence.

“Gretel put the bread under her apron, because Hansel‟s pockets were full of stones. Then all together they sat forth into the woods”. (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 11)

This also happened when Gretel and Hansel are caught by the witch. The witch asks her to put the bread in it. But, Gretel knows, it is trick of witch to bake and eat her. So, Gretel deceives the witch that she doesn’t know how to use the oven. Then the witch goes into the oven and teaches her how to bake bread.

Suddenly, Gretel pushes her and locks and closed iron door and secures it with a bar. The witch burned up miserably.

“… “Climb in”. Said the witch, “and see if it is hot enough to put the bread in yet”. And when Gretel was inside, she intended to close the oven, and bake her, and eat her as well. But Gretel saw what she had in mind, so she said, “I don‟t know how to do that. How can I get inside?”… “Stupid goose,” said the old woman. “The opening is big enough. See, I myself could get in.” and she crawled up stuck her head into the oven. Then Gretel gave her a shove, causing her to fall in. then she closed the iron door and secured it with a bar. The old woman began to howl frightfully. But Gretel ran away, and the godless witch burned up miserably” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 74)

His cleverness also showed when they succeed to go from the witch- woods. He arrives in front of the river, but there is no boat. Then, Gretel tells to

Hansel that she will ask the ducking to help them across the river.

“.. „We cannot get across,‟ said Hansel. „I cannot see a walkway or bridge,‟….‟there are no boats here,‟ said Gretel. „But there is a white duck swimming. If I ask it, it will help us across.‟...Then she called out…the duckling came up to them…” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 83)

2. Wise

She is described as a wise person. When Hansel throws a bread to make a way along the path, she knows that her stepmother gives little pieces of bread, even less than last time, his brother doesn’t have bread at all. There is no remaining. But as little sister, she shares his bread to Hansel and eats it together.

“When it was midday Gretel shared her bread with Hansel, who had scattered his piece along the path.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 40)

“The duckling came up to them, and Hansel climbed onto it, then asked his little sister to sit down next to him. „ No,‟ answered Gretel. “That would be too heavy for the duckling. It should take us across one at a time.”...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 83)

3. Never give up

She is never give up like his brother, Hansel. Although, she is still younger, she never complains to Hansel. She walks on through the entire night and the next day from morning until evening. She is very strong.

“They walked through the entire night and the next day from morning until evening, but they did not their way out of the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47).

“it was already the third morning since they had left the father‟s house. They started walking again….” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 46)

4. Survivor

She is also survivor. Although, Gretel and Hansel walk on in the woods for a few days, when they are hungry, they only eat berries that they find it on the ground. She is very patience faces the problem. This can be se below this paragraph.

“They were terrible hungry, for they had eaten only a few small

berries that were growing on the ground…” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 46)

“They started again, but managed only to go deeper and deeper into the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47)

5. Submissive

As little children, she is submissive and obedient to his brother. When they find a house built by a bread and sugar, Hansel asks her to eat the window that is made from sugar. She agrees and eats it with pleasure.

“…“Gretel, you eat from the window. That will be sweet”…Hansel reached up and broke off a little of the roof to see how it tasted, while Gretel stood next to the windowpanes and was nibbling at them…” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 48)

Her obedient to his brother also can be seen below this sentence. This happened when Hansel decides and asks her to leave the witch-wood. Although, there are many foods, chocolates, candies, and other beautiful stones, she agrees and doesn’t refuse his brother to go out.

“…„we must leave,‟ said Hansel, „and get out of these witch- woods‟ ” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 83)

6. Innocent

She is also innocent girl. As a little girl, this is not close opportunity that she is innocent girl. After all, she is also tearful and like cry baby. She is always crying when she knows that her father and stepmother will leave her and his brother in the woods.

“Gretel cried bitter tears and said to Hansel, „it is over with us!‟” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 6)

This also happened again, when she hears that stepmother will leave her twice in the deeper wood in the next days.

“Gretel began to cry and said, “How will we get out of woods?” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 22)

This also showed when his brother, Hansel is caught by the witch. She is very care to his brother. She cries and prays to the God devoutness and pertinacity. She is very care to his brother.

“„Dear god, please help us,‟ she cried. „If only the wild animals had devoured us in the woods, then we would have died together.‟ ” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 70)

From the description above, the writer concludes that the problem that faced by the main character also can be drawn from character characterizations in variety ways both negatively or positively. Hansel and Gretel struggle to solve the problem and fighting to find their way to go home. The experience makes them live better that in the past.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. CONCLUSION

After analyzing Hansel and Gretel written by Jacob and Wilhelm

Grimm published by Grimm’s Fairy Tales, the writer describes and explains the main character’s characteristics in a tale. In this thesis, the tale discusses about the problem that faced by the main character by looking on the character’s characterization

In this tale, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm describe the main character characteristics through physics, action and correlation between other characters.

Hansel is a young boy who has little sister, Gretel. They are live with father and stepmother who work as poor woodcutter. When a great famine comes to the land, the family couldn’t no longer provide. Their parents decide to leave Hansel and

Gretel in the wood on purpose to make their parents survive.

Both of them have to live together after his parents leaving them in the woods. Although, Hansel is still children, he is smart, wise, never give up, survivor, and responsible to his little sister. He keeps his little sister with care and kindly. He wouldn’t leave her alone in the woods. He never give up finding a way to go home, in addition, Hansel and Gretel have to forces to get out from the witch-woods. Gretel is a little girl; she is innocent, submissive to his brother, smart, wise, survivor, and never give up as his brother, Hansel. She is very

22 23

unique, because she dares to push the witch to the oven by deceiving the witch in danger situation.

Hansel and Gretel struggle to solve the problem and fighting to find their way to go home. The experience makes them live better that in the past.

B. SUGGESTION

The writer suggests for those who are interested in the study about literature, especially Hansel and Gretel written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grim to use qualitative method in the research based on two main characters by using character analysis to analyze this thesis.

Anyone who is interested in doing deeper study about character’s characteristics in a tale, they may use the data that are taken from reading the story and some references, noting some important data and browsing internet.

Finally, the writer expects that the research will be useful to reader especially who want to analyze a fiction about main character in literary work.

REFERENCES

Books

Diyanni, Robert. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Fifth Edition. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., 2002.

Encyclopedia Americana. London: Grolier International, Volume VI, 1985.

Farkhan, Muhammad. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Cella, 2006.

G. Kirzner, Laurie, et al. Literature, Reading, Reacting, Writing. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1991.

Gill, Richard. Mastering English Literature. London: McMillan Master Series, 1995.

Guntur Tarigan, Henri. Dasar-dasar Sastra. Bandung: Angkasa, 1993.

Jacob,Wilhelm and Wilhelm Grimm. Hansel and Gretel. German: Random House, from Pantheon book The Complete Grimm’s Fairy Tales, 1972.

Kennedy, X. J. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1991.

Lawrence, Perrine. Literature: Structure, sound, and Sense. London: Harcourt Bruce Javanovic, 1984.

Nurgiantoro, Burhan. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 1988.

P. Dhumel, P. Literature: Form and Function. New Jersey: Pretice Hall, 1965.

Singleton, et al. An Introduction to Literature. New York: The World Publishing Company, 1966.

Trimmer, Joseph F. A Guide to MLA Documentation. USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999.

Vogler, Christopher. The Writer‟s Journey: Mythic Structure for The Writer. New York: Blackwell, 2000.

24 25

Wisudawati, Dian. Main Character Analysis in the Blues Eyes. Jakarta: Paper, 2008.

Internet and Websites

Folktale.http//www.infoplease.com/com/ceb/Ao819070.html1#1Q1Mmmjse. Accessed on June 18th, 2011.

Literature. Taken from http//www.literatureforknowledge.com/.Accessed on March 10th, 2009.

APPENDIXES

The Cover of the tale Hansel and Gretel

26 A MAIN CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN HANSEL AND GRETEL WRITTEN BY JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM

HUSNAYAINI

A student at English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

ABSTRACT

Husnayaini, “A Main Character Analysis in Hensel and Gretel Written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm”. Thesis. Jakarta. English Letters Department, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, February 2010.

This research studies Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm’s entitled Hansel and Gretel published by Grimm’s fairy Tales in final edition, 1857. The writer uses the character’s characterization conception as the theoretical framework. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative in analyzing the tale.The objective of this research is to know how the character Hansel and Gretel characterized by the author. The writer collects the characteristics of the main character through the characterization. The collected data are analyzed by using character analysis. In this analysis the writer finds out the main character characteristics. Hansel is a young boy; he is smart, wise, strong, responsible, survivor, never give up, and brave. In addition, his little sister, Gretel is also smart, brave, innocent, submissive, wise, never give up, and survivor. Although they are still children, both of them are brave person. They succeed overcome their problem from suffer and they dare to force the wicked witch that they had met in the wood. Finally, they went home and live happily ever after.

1 Background of the Study

(such as Cinderella and Aesop‟s Fables) are contemporary versions of old, even ancient, tales that can be traced back centuries through many different cultures.

Despite their variety these narrative forms have several elements in common.

First, they have straight forward characterizations, often contrasting distinctly different personality types. In additions, the folk tale or fairy tale has an obvious theme or moral good triumphing over evil, for instance.2

1 X. J. Kennedy, An Introduction to Fiction, Fifth Edition (New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1991), p. 2.

2 Ibid, p. 36.

2 Method

As the research aims to explain how to analyze a tale telling about character characteristics of main character of the tale Hansel and Gretel. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method, this method is used to described and analyze the character characteristics of main character of Hansel and Gretel as the main character in Hansel and Gretel. The writer collected the data from several source such as books, internet, and from variety sources that related to the study.

The writer also uses herself as a main instrument by reading, identifying, and classifying the information to support the arguments.

A fairy tales analyzed by the writer is Hansel and Gretel created by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. This story tells about the young children of a poor wood cutter, when a great famine came to the land, their stepmother plans to take the children into the woods and leave them there to fend for themselves. So that, she and her husband might not starve. Their stepmother forces their father to agree to leave the children in the woods to die. In the woods the children come upon the house of an evil witch who plans to eat them.

3 Findings

The unit of analysis of this study is taken from the tale of Hansel and

Gretel that was written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm that was published by

Grimm’s Fairy Tales in final edition, 1857.

Theoretical Framework

A. Character and Characterization

Character is like creature in fictional story; is presented with the characteristics and clues that are described in the story such as action, person’s speech, description, environment, thoughts, and explanation.3 Brook and Warren view character as complexity of potentialities action.4

Robert Diyanni explains that a character is an imaginary person that lives in a literary work. Literary character may be major or minor, static or dynamic.5 A character is some on in literature work who has some sort identity (it need not be a strong on), an identity which is made up by appearance, conversation, action, name, and possibly thoughts going in the head.6

3 Singleton, et al., An Introduction to Literature (New York: The world publishing company, 1996), p. 282.

4 Henri Guntur Tarigan, Dasar-dasar Sastra (Bandung: Angkasa, 1993), p. 148.

5 Robert Diyanni, Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (New York: McGraw Hill Companies, 2002), p. 54.

6 Richard Gill, Mastering English Literature (London: McMillan Master Series, 1995). P. 127

4 and interpretive comment. The characterization also reveals characters by letting us enter their consciousness, telling us what character think and feel.7

B. Kinds of Character.

Vogler, in his best known book, the Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for

Writers divides character as follows:

1. Driver Characters:

a) Protagonist is the driver of the story: the one who forces the action that

is defined by pursue and consideration characteristics.

b) Antagonist is the character directly opposed to the protagonist that is

defined by prevent and reconsideration characteristics.

c) Guardian is a teacher or helper who aids the protagonist that is defined

by help and conscience to the protagonist.9

2. Passenger Characters:

a) Rationalist makes its decisions and takes action on the basis of logic

that is defined by controlled and logic.

b) Emotionalist responds with its feeling without thinking that is defined

7 Ibid. p, 56.

8 Burhan Nurgiantoro, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi (Jogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press, 1988), p. 164. 9 Christopher Vogler, the Writer‟s Journey: Mythic Structure for the Writer (New York: Blackwell, 2000), p. 150-154.

5 by uncontrolled and feeling.

c) Sidekicker is unfailing in its loyalty and support that is defined by

support and faith.

d) Skepticist doubts everything that is defined by opposition and

disbelief.10

Protagonist is the main character in the story or other literary work. The protagonist experiences conflict caused by antagonist, which considers it as a wicked character, is not accurately true because antagonist is a person who actively opposes somebody of something.11 b) Static and Dynamic

A dynamic character is the one who changes significantly during the course of the story. Changes considered to qualify a character as dynamic include changes in sight or understanding, changes in commitment, and changes in values.

Changes in circumstances, even physical circumstance, do not apply unless they result in some change within the character’s self. By that definition, the protagonist is nearly always a dynamic character. In coming-of-age stories in particular, the protagonist often undergoes dramatic change, transforming from innocence to experience to experience. Antagonists in some stories are frequently

10 Ibid. p, 155-160. 11 Encyclopedia Americana. (London: Grolier International, Volume VI, 1985) p. 367.

6 dynamic as well.12

A static character is a literary character that remains basically unchanged throughout a work. Whether round or flat, their personalities remain essentially stable throughout the course of the story. This is commonly done with secondary characters in order to let them serve as thematic or plot elements.13 c) Flat and Round

Round characters are characters that are complex and realistic; they represent a depth of personality which is imitation of life. They frequently posses both good and bad traits, and they may react unexpectedly or become entangled in their own interior conflicts. These characters have been fully developed by an author, physically, mentally, and emotionally, and are detailed enough to seem real. A round character is usually a main character, and is developed over the course of the story. A flat character is its opposite, having hardly any development whatsoever.14

A flat character is distinguished by its lack of a realistic personality. Though the description of a flat character may be detailed and rich in defining characteristics, it falls short of the complexity associated with a round character.15 d) Major and Minor

A major character is a person or thing that has a big role in the development and

12 Literature, taken from http:www.literatureforknowledge.com/. accessed on March 10th, 2009.

13 Ibid. 14 Laurie G. Kirzner et. al, Literature, Reading, Reacting, Writing (Cambridge: University of Cambridge), p. 146.

15 Ibid. p. 148.

7 configuration of the story. A none of this character causes the absent of the story.

All elements belong to the story such as theme, plot, atmosphere, and others are focused on describing this kind of character. While a minor character existence of this kind is to support the major one. A minor character plays only small role and contribution to the development and configuration of the story.16

C. Identifying Character

Perrine Lawrence states there are three principles to identify character17:

1. first, the characters are consistent in their behavior. They do not behave one way on one occasion and different way on another occasion unless there is clearly sufficient reason for the change.

The actor can apply their performance to performance.

Another aspect in order that a character could be analyzed is throughout the story of the narrator. Furthermore, the last principle that can be

16 A. P. Dhumel, Literature: Form and Function (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1965), p. 45.

17 Perrine Lawrence, Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense (London: Harcourt Bruce Javanovic, 1984), p. 41

8 taken to analyze character is through a description another.18

Discussion

It concerns with the analysis of the research findings, mainly characteristics of main character, trauma reflection, and also the reflection of defense mechanism through understanding and analyzing text. Here they are:

Characteristics of Main Character

The following are the characteristics of Hansel:

1. Smart

The author introduces in the first paragraph that Hansel and Gretel are children who has father and step mother as poor woodcutter. When a great famine came to their land, they could no longer provide even daily bread as their food.

One evening, their stepmother said to his husband that they must leaved Hansel and Gretel in the wood. Hence, they can free from suffer. First, the father refuses what his wife said to him, but he didn’t dare. However, he agreed it with pressure.

In the meantime, Hansel and Gretel hear what they said. Gretel becomes sad to

Hansel. But Hansel tries to make the situation calm. He convinces her that he has

18 Ibid. p. 9.

9 a way to solve the problem. Then, he tries to sneak out to the front door, collects shinny pebbles and puts them to his pocket to make them back home from the jungle.

“They followed the pebbles that glistened there like newly minted coins, showing them way.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 25)

This also happens twice, when Hansel and Gretel back home. The next day, his stepmother tries to leave them again in the woods. But, Hansel has an idea.

Then, he drops his bread throughout the woods to make a way to go home.

This also happen when Hansel and Gretel are caught by the witches. But, the witch only takes Hansel to the stall. And let Gretel to serve her. The witches gives him a good meal, to make Hansel fattened up be eaten. Every morning, the witches comes to the stall and asks him about his condition, make sure Hansel is fat or yet. If he is fat, the itches already to eat him. Hansel knows that the witch has bad eyes so he lies to her that he is still thin.

2. Wise

Hansel is wise person, especially to his little sister, Gretel. When they hears that their father and stepmother will leave them in the woods, Gretel begins crying. As an elder brother, he tries to comfort her with pleasure. This can be shown below this sentence

This also happen twice again. When they succeed to back home, their parents tries to leave them again in the deeper woods. Gretel begins crying, so Hansel tries to entertain her again.

“…he comforted his little sister and said. “Don‟t cry, Gretel. Sleep well. God will help us.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 31)

3. Responsible

Hansel also responsible person. He never leaves his little sister alone in the woods; he keeps and takes care always to her. This can be seen below this sentence.

“Hansel and Gretel sat by the fire. When midday came each one ate his little piece of bread...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 20)

“…after the full moon had come up, Hansel took his little sister by the hand.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 23)

4. Never give up and brave

Hansel is described as a brave person and never gives up. He always optimist that he can solve the problem. He always tries to find a way to go home with

Gretel. he starts and starts again, never give up for few days until finding a little house was built entirely from the bread with a roof made of cake, and the windows are made of velar sugar . This can be seen below this sentence.

“..We will find our way...” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 45)

“They walked through the entire night and the next day from morning until evening, but they did not find their way out of the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 45)

“They started again, but managed only to go deeper and deeper into the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47)

5. Survivor

Hansel is survivor. For a few days, he and his little sister, Gretel walk on in the woods. When they are hungry, they eat berries that are growing on the ground.

This can be seen below this sentence.

The following are the characteristics of Hansel:

1. Smart

She is a smart girl. When her stepmother gives her and Hansel a loaf of bread, she knows that Hansel’s pocket is full of stones. So, Gretel puts the bread under her apron to keep it from her stepmother. This can be seen below his sentence.

12 “Gretel put the bread under her apron, because Hansel‟s pockets were full of stones. Then all together they sat forth into the woods”. (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 11)

This also happen when Gretel and Hansel are caught by the witch. The witch asks her to put the bread in it. But, Gretel knows, it is trick of witch to bake and eat her. So, Gretel deceives the witch that she doesn’t know how to use the oven.

Then the witch goes into the oven and teaches her how to bake bread. Suddenly,

Gretel pushes her and locks and closed iron door and secures it with a bar. The witch burned up miserably.

His cleverness also showed when they succeed to go from the witch-woods. He arrives in front of the river, but there is no boat. Then, Gretel tells to Hansel that she will ask the ducking to help them across the river.

2. Wise

She is described as a wise person. When Hansel throws the bread to make a way along the path. She knows that her stepmother gives little pieces of bread,

13 even less than last time, his brother doesn’t have bread at all. There is no remaining. But as little sister, she shares his bread to Hansel and eats it together.

“When it was midday Gretel shared her bread with Hansel, who had scattered his piece along the path.” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 40)

3. Never give up

“They walked through the entire night and the next day from morning until evening, but they did not their way out of the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47).

“it was already the third morning since they had left the father‟s house. They started walking again….” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 46)

4. Survivor

They were terrible hungry, for they had eaten only a few small berries that were growing on the ground…” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 46)

“They started again, but managed only to go deeper and deeper into the woods” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 47)

14 5. Submissive

Her obedient to his brother also can be seen below this sentence. This happen when Hansel decides and asks her to leave the witch-wood. Although, there are many foods, chocolates, candies, and other beautiful stones, she agrees and doesn’t refuse his brother to go out.

“…„we must leave,‟ said Hansel, „and get out of these witch- woods‟ ” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 83)

6. Innocent

“Gretel cried bitter tears and said to Hansel, „it is over with us!‟” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 6)

This also happen again, when she hears that stepmother will leave her twice in the deeper wood in the next days.

“Gretel began to cry and said, “How will we get out of woods?” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 22)

15 This also showed when his brother, Hansel is caught by the witch. She is very care to his brother.She cries and prays to the God devoutness and pertinacity. She is very care to his brother.

“„Dear god, please help us,‟ she cried. „If only the wild animals had devoured us in the woods, then we would have died togethe.‟ ” (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm 1857, 70)

16 Conclusion

After analyzing Hansel and Gretel written by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm published by Grimm’s Fairy Tales. The writer describes and explains the main character’s characteristics in a tale. In this thesis, the tale discusses about the problem that faced by the main character by looking on the character’s characterization

In this tale, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm describe the main character characteristics through physics, action and correlation between other characters.

Gretel in the wood on purpose to make their parents survive.

Hansel and Gretel struggle to solve the problem and fighting to find their way to go home. The experience makes them live better that in the past.

17 REFERENCES