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Western Psychology and Islamic Psychology in Dialogue; Comparisons Between Islamic Theory and Western Theory of Personality

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Western Psychology and Islamic Psychology in Dialogue; Comparisons Between Islamic Theory and Western Theory of Personality WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY AND ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY IN DIALOGUE; COMPARISONS BETWEEN ISLAMIC THEORY AND WESTERN THEORY OF PERSONALITY Received: 18th December 2016; Revised: 15th January 2017; Accepted: 21 th February 2017 Subhan Ajrin Sudirman Abstract : In the mid-1960s, humanistic psychological figures UIN Imam Bonjol Padang such as Abraham Maslow, Antonio Sutich, Charles Tart, Email: [email protected] Stanislav Grof began to reconsider the dimensions of spirituality and the object of ontology-metaphysical into the field of psychological research. By opening up to a spiritual experience and adopting it into the discipline of psychology through therapeutic techniques. They view that the perspective of modern psychology tends to be partial-particular, so that in its implementation it is often unable to cope with the full humanitarian crisis. As the teachings of monotheism, Islam certainly emphasizes the importance of the foundation of monotheism in all its dimensions, including in it concerning the systematics of thought associated with the religious dimension. This concept is also the main foundation for the principles of epistimology in Islam, as well as the principle of unifying and strengthening the integration of science. So the allegation that Islamic psychology has no epistymological foundation is an unfounded claim, apt to be ahistorical and a priori. Keyword: Western Pshychology, Islamic Psychology, Western Theory and Islamic Theory A. BACKGROUND separate philosopy and psychology, giving Since the middle of 19th century the definition of psychology as study of which proclaim as the born of contemporary mental, minds, attention, perception, psychology in Western world, there are so intellegence, motivation, and memory. This many definition and terms about definitions was pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt. “psychology” that offerede by the Meanwhile the third definitions which psychologists. Each definitions has certain reflects psychology as independent study that characteristics along with trends, assumtion, means psychology is a study of organism and the genres that creators believe. attitude, such as cat to the mouse, human to Although, the making of psychology their kinds, and so on. The last definitions definition can be simplified in three terms. founded by John Watson. The first one tend to more Islamic psychology as a new study philosophic, where psycology define as a which developed in the early 1960s not get study of soul (psyche), as done by Plato much peoples attention if we compare with ( 427-347 SM) and Aristotle (384-322 SM) wesetern psychology that last for centuries. about the consciousness and mental process As new disciplines, Islamic Psychology born that related to soul. The second terms try to as the antithesis towards any genres of 37 38 Al-Qalb, Jilid 9, Edisi 1, Maret 2017 modern psychology. Their open-minded psychology science was supported by three character today, the modern psychology must main pillars (Kuhn, 1970). First, psychology redefined themself, so Islamic Psychology must be universal. It means there are general can be one of the alternative. principles and also probability laws, that Eventhough western psychology become science developing standard. For focus on the ego as a subject and object example, study of perceptions, memory, and which become a center foundation of learning should be able to overcome the hedonism and wesetern individualism, while overlap of certain socio-historic factor. Islamic psychology based on spiritualism, Second, based on empiric method, because but both of them have similar point namely following rational consideration from logical human as an object of their study. empiric philosophy, modern psychology also intact with beliefs about the truth through Its undeniably that the developing of methods. Especially beliefs that using modern science has dominated by secularism. empiric method and mainly controlled The long term beliefs in modern history until experiment, researcher could acquire finally derives deep gap between scientific absolute truth about the main problem and activity and religious stuff, and also reduce causal networks where main problem the spirit of study of spiritual (Glock & Stark, presents. Third, research as the locomotive of 1993). The dominant point of view in advance. Derivation of prior theoritical modern scientist is science work on empiric assumptions are modernist final belief plain which deny mythical-non-empiric plain. towards progressive nature of research. Because the object of study among them was Because of empiric method applied on different, so the talk about the relationship psychology main problem, psychologist between science and spiritual stuff “learn” more about the basic character. The consiodered as irrelevant. wrong beliefs could be avoided and Similarly with modern psychology. psychologist turn to enforcement of neutral As one of science discipline, psychology values and reliable about any segment of considered as an entity from scientific objective world (Nashori, Suara representation which empiric-realistic so Pembaharuan, 21 September 1996). could be possibly approach with objective The effect of three main pillars of approachment. Because of its objective psychology development above more character who away them from religious powerful in science tradition (modern science. Eventhough, in certain psychologist psychology). Because the effect of forced emerge some assumption that religious using of scientific method in psycology has spirituality as the cause of stagnancy of severe the process of dehumanize (human science. In contrary, science according to only the object of controllable experiment). several religious expert become threats The scientific framework has limited even towards religion dogm (Thouless, 1992). reduce the analitical process and synthetic of History told that most of modern the mainstream psychologist about the psychologist, separates God from human conception of truly human personality. The subjective experience. This religious- human attitude as a psycology analitical subjective experience still considered as object only viewed through visible “non” scientific stuff. In their perspective, if experiment (objective-empiric) while those experiences wants to scintified, so it invisible things (metaphysic) considered as should require scientific standard – logic- non-scientific and out of their scientific rational-empiric. As the holder of legacy in representation. Finally, inevitably, modern era, psychology also exist in the psychology specially put themself on the “train” of scientific method as other science state as “one of the authority source” for conduct. Hence, the developing of modern human activities because their big obsession of human psychologic problem, in the end Subhan Ajrin, Western Pshychology and Islamic Pshychology…39 emerge incoherence in their concepts and Western Psychology in isolated from the main culture current developing concept of human (Bergin, 1994). personality in Islamic Psychology The above things nonetheless, perspective? because the modern psychologist deny the important of spirituality dimension, even in C. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF the final chapter of his life, Maslow confed THE STUDY the exist of human needs on spirituality, especially define the unique attitude of The research aims to answer the human who needs special analysis from research questions above to know the personality psychology theories based on concept of human personality in Islamic religious spirituality. Such as radicalism on psychology persepctive. This goal achieved religion which hype today, popular suicide firstly by conducting a complete illustration bombing called syahid bomb, the hype of about human personality concept in locus of dzikir member and muhasabah and another Modern Psychology, then study critically the religious activities. Could be in modern concept of personality of those three personality psychology teory, those attitude mainstream genre of Modern Psychology reflects self-realize. through Islamic Psychology point of view. After that, the researcher try to drag Derive from todays phenomenon, we implications from the result of this critical need to born a new approachment in study in effort of digging the principle which personality psychology context, namely contain in islamic intelectual world which psychology that support human personality expected to become a source value to the phenomenon whther visble or not, developing of human personality concept psychology that based on the oriental culture towards Islamic Psychology paradigm. and religious-spiritual values. It straight to Uichol Kim preposition, as cited by Achmad Academically, the study of human Mubarok, human not even enough personality in Islamic perspective is a understand by Western psychology, because significant effort in relation of completing its only study the Western human according the scientific properties in Psychology, to secular culture which backed the born of it. Tasawuf or Islamic Psychology discourse To understand human in another hemisphere which massively done, where toward this also use culture-based where human lived. study expected to bring special color to the Hence, this research will try to explore the dinamic development of human personality ideas around Islamic psychology perspective. in anticipating the life problems. Beside that, practically, the result of this research expected to be able to arise awareness in B. RESEARCH QUESTIONS specially the muslim psychologist to keep
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