'Rigour Upon Men's Consciences': Political Allegiance, Religious Profession, and the English Catholic Community During

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

'Rigour Upon Men's Consciences': Political Allegiance, Religious Profession, and the English Catholic Community During ‘Rigour upon men’s consciences’: Political Allegiance, Religious Profession, and the English Catholic Community during the Interregnum By Katherine Shreve Lazo Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History December 15, 2018 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Peter Lake, Ph.D. Joel Harrington, Ph.D. Jane Landers, Ph.D. Paul C. H. Lim, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many friends, family members, and mentors have offered support and encouragement over the past several years as I researched, wrote, and revised my dissertation. Without their support I would not have been able to complete this work. First and foremost, I must thank Peter Lake for his invaluable wisdom and unflagging support throughout my doctoral studies. He patiently read multiple drafts of every chapter and discussed them with me. His insightful questions pushed me to think more broadly and more deeply about my subject, and the thesis is more interesting as a result. Michael Questier and David Como both listened as I wended my way to a more incisive argument. Experts on the early seventeenth-century English Catholic community and the English Revolution, respectively, they graciously lent their time and shared their knowledge with me. My committee members, Joel Harrington, Jane Landers, and Paul Lim, provided encouragement and outside perspectives that encouraged me to step back and ensure that I engaged a wider audience than historians of the English Revolution. Fellow graduate students, who hunkered in the trenches and celebrated milestones with me, were wonderful sources of empathy and camaraderie. Katie McKenna, Amy Gant Tan, Sean Bortz, Juliet Larkin-Gilmore, and Hillary Taylor helped me enjoy life and pushed me intellectually. To Kelly Brignac and Kelly O’Reilly, I am sorry to say that the nuns only make the briefest of appearances in the final version of my dissertation. From start to finish, my family have been unflagging in their support of my education. They have sustained me in a variety of ways. Everyone has been involved, including my nieces who assumed I must be a teenager if I still had “homework” and my cousins who snuck a glance at a chapter and inquired about “library of con-science”. Ann Aubrey Hanson generously applied her copyediting expertise to grammatical quandaries at several crucial points. My brothers, Mark and Nate Shreve, provided support in their very personal manners: Mark with his sharp wit; Nate with a steady flow of English Reformation memes, and his engagement with the paper I presented at the IHR. My grandmother’s genuine interest in my topic and long experience of living with an academic (as well as channeling my grandfather to remind me that I wasn’t spending sufficient time studying Latin), kept me going. Special thanks are due to my mother, Meg Shreve, who modeled the intelligence, stick-to- itiveness, and determination required to tackle a project like this. For years she pushed me to develop my writing skills and taught me that the only path to perfection is practice and persistence. I would not have been able to complete this dissertation, much less make it entertaining, without the skills that she patiently helped me develop. My father, Paul Shreve, also deserves recognition. A fellow history major, he dragged me to every historical site within fifty miles of our house in Surrey (an impressive number!), and somewhere along the way impressed upon me his fascination with the past. He also reassured me that history is salient to everyday life and encouraged me to use both the analytical skills I gained studying history as ii well as the knowledge to pursue my career. His favorite piece of advice—which he assures me is equally applicable to all aspects of life—has frequently echoed in my ears and pushed me onwards when my resolve flagged. Last, but certainly not least, I could not have completed my dissertation without David Lazo. You promised to support me through graduate school, little knowing that the journey would entail two cross-country moves, innumerable late-night editing sessions, and days of distraction where I asked the same question five times. But you stuck by me, enduring hours of my rambling aloud and routinely waking up early to brew coffee to ensure that I would be caffeinated the moment I arose. This is our achievement. Even if you still think “Lord Protector” is the oddest title for a ruler, your unfailing support ensured that I could complete this dissertation and claim the title Dr. Lazo. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... vi NOTE ON DATES AND SPELLING .............................................................................................. viii Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Background and Literature ......................................................................................................... 7 Overview and Methodology ....................................................................................................... 16 2. Catholics are “persons otherwise than Englishmen”: The Legal Creation of Papists ............... 21 Beginning the Exclusion: The Elizabethan Settlement ............................................................... 24 The Early Stuart Church ............................................................................................................. 34 Papists and Delinquents .............................................................................................................. 43 Liberty of Conscience for (almost) all ........................................................................................ 52 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 59 3. Covenants, Conscience, and Catholics: The Commonwealth’s Crisis-Based Governing .......... 62 “the present change of Government, from Tyranny to a Free State” ......................................... 63 A Beacon Set on Fire .................................................................................................................. 73 Catholics under the Commonwealth ........................................................................................... 86 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 101 4. The Place of the English Catholic Community in the Cromwellian Constitution ...................... 105 1647: A Turning Point ................................................................................................................ 108 Bringing “Form out of Confusion” ............................................................................................. 124 Priests and the Protector .............................................................................................................. 136 The First Protectorate Parliament and the Meaning of the Instrument ....................................... 148 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 165 5. An Arch Anti-Papist? Oliver Cromwell’s Autocratic Policies Reexamined .............................. 168 Posturing by Proclamation .......................................................................................................... 169 The Blackloists Return ................................................................................................................ 175 The Western Design and the Major-Generals ............................................................................. 189 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 202 iv 6. Authority, Allegiance, and the Second Protectorate Parliament ................................................. 204 The “unquiett fpirrit” of the Discontented: Managing Parliamentary Elections ........................ 205 An Extraordinary Occasion ......................................................................................................... 213 “the publick Profession of these Nations”: The Second Protectorate Parliament’s Religio- Political Settlement ..................................................................................................................... 223 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 233 7. The Second Protectorate Parliament Confronts Liberty of Conscience ..................................... 235 The Recusant Bill, Part I ............................................................................................................. 237 “The great Misdemeanors and Blasphemies of James Nayler” ................................................. 245 The Recusant Bill, Part II ............................................................................................................ 264 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Thames Valley Papists from Reformation to Emancipation 1534 - 1829
    Thames Valley Papists From Reformation to Emancipation 1534 - 1829 Tony Hadland Copyright © 1992 & 2004 by Tony Hadland All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from the publisher and author. The moral right of Tony Hadland to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 9547547 0 0 First edition published as a hardback by Tony Hadland in 1992. This new edition published in soft cover in April 2004 by The Mapledurham 1997 Trust, Mapledurham HOUSE, Reading, RG4 7TR. Pre-press and design by Tony Hadland E-mail: [email protected] Printed by Antony Rowe Limited, 2 Whittle Drive, Highfield Industrial Estate, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN23 6QT. E-mail: [email protected] While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, neither the author nor the publisher can be held responsible for any loss or inconvenience arising from errors contained in this work. Feedback from readers on points of accuracy will be welcomed and should be e-mailed to [email protected] or mailed to the author via the publisher. Front cover: Mapledurham House, front elevation. Back cover: Mapledurham House, as seen from the Thames. A high gable end, clad in reflective oyster shells, indicated a safe house for Catholics.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Unpublished Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria
    SIX UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF dUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA R. A. BEDDARD IN the morass of papers left by that diligent servant of the House of Stuart, Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State to Charles I and Charles II, is a small cache of six letters written by, or at the command of, Queen Henrietta Maria.^ Five of them are addressed to Nicholas in his official capacity as Secretary.^ Three of them are informal, being little more than hastily penned notes in the Queen's own hand. These are undated by her, but two of them have been endorsed by Nicholas with the date on which he received them: 5 September and i October 1641. His endorsement locates them in the difficult period of Charles Ts residence in Edinburgh, when his master was seeking to build a party among the Scottish nobles. The third most probably belongs to the same year. All three show that the King was during his absence from England regularly employing his wife in the routine business of despatching, and, on occasion, restraining the time of delivery of his correspondence.^ The other two letters addressed to Secretary Nicholas are of greater historical moment. Not only are they more ample in content, they are also more formal in nature. They belong to a much later period in the Queen's life, when she had taken up residence in her native France following her successful flight from Exeter in July 1644.^ The two communications are cast in the form of royal warrants, drafted by the clerk attending the Queen at the palace of St Germain-en-Laye, outside Paris, where for a time she occupied grace and favour lodgings given to her by her sister-in-law, Anne of Austria, Queen Regent of France and the widow of Louis XIII.^ As such, they are signed by Henrietta Maria at the beginning in the customary fashion, and are dated coram regina 9 and 22 June 1648 respectively, according to the New Style of the Gregorian calendar in use in Catholic France: that is, 30 May and 12 June, according to the Old Style of the Julian computation still in use in Protestant England.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICS, SOCIETY and CIVIL WAR in WARWICKSHIRE, 162.0-1660 Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History
    Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History POLITICS, SOCIETY AND CIVIL WAR IN WARWICKSHIRE, 162.0-1660 Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History Series editors ANTHONY FLETCHER Professor of History, University of Durham JOHN GUY Reader in British History, University of Bristol and JOHN MORRILL Lecturer in History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow and Tutor of Selwyn College This is a new series of monographs and studies covering many aspects of the history of the British Isles between the late fifteenth century and the early eighteenth century. It will include the work of established scholars and pioneering work by a new generation of scholars. It will include both reviews and revisions of major topics and books which open up new historical terrain or which reveal startling new perspectives on familiar subjects. It is envisaged that all the volumes will set detailed research into broader perspectives and the books are intended for the use of students as well as of their teachers. Titles in the series The Common Peace: Participation and the Criminal Law in Seventeenth-Century England CYNTHIA B. HERRUP Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620—1660 ANN HUGHES London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II: Propaganda and Politics from the Restoration to the Exclusion Crisis TIM HARRIS Criticism and Compliment: The Politics of Literature in the Reign of Charles I KEVIN SHARPE Central Government and the Localities: Hampshire 1649-1689 ANDREW COLEBY POLITICS, SOCIETY AND CIVIL WAR IN WARWICKSHIRE, i620-1660 ANN HUGHES Lecturer in History, University of Manchester The right of the University of Cambridge to print and sell all manner of books was granted by Henry VIII in 1534.
    [Show full text]
  • "This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641 Nathaniel A
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2018 "This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641 Nathaniel A. Earle Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Earle, Nathaniel A., ""This Court Doth Keep All England in Quiet": Star Chamber and Public Expression in Prerevolutionary England, 1625–1641" (2018). All Theses. 2950. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2950 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "THIS COURT DOTH KEEP ALL ENGLAND IN QUIET" STAR CHAMBER AND PUBLIC EXPRESSION IN PREREVOLUTIONARY ENGLAND 1625–1641 A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts History by Nathaniel A. Earle August 2018 Accepted by: Dr. Caroline Dunn, Committee Chair Dr. Alan Grubb Dr. Lee Morrissey ABSTRACT The abrupt legislative destruction of the Court of Star Chamber in the summer of 1641 is generally understood as a reaction against the perceived abuses of prerogative government during the decade of Charles I’s personal rule. The conception of the court as an ‘extra-legal’ tribunal (or as a legitimate court that had exceeded its jurisdictional mandate) emerges from the constitutional debate about the limits of executive authority that played out over in Parliament, in the press, in the pulpit, in the courts, and on the battlefields of seventeenth-century England.
    [Show full text]
  • English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform
    English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform The Library of Sir Geoffrey Bindman, QC. Part I. BERNARD QUARITCH LTD MMXX BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 36 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4JH tel.: +44 (0)20 7297 4888 fax: +44 (0)20 7297 4866 email: [email protected] / [email protected] web: www.quaritch.com Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-90 Account number: 10511722 Swift code: BUKBGB22 Sterling account: IBAN: GB71 BUKB 2065 9010 5117 22 Euro account: IBAN: GB03 BUKB 2065 9045 4470 11 U.S. Dollar account: IBAN: GB19 BUKB 2065 9063 9924 44 VAT number: GB 322 4543 31 Front cover: from item 106 (Gillray) Rear cover: from item 281 (Peterloo Massacre) Opposite: from item 276 (‘Martial’) List 2020/1 Introduction My father qualified in medicine at Durham University in 1926 and practised in Gateshead on Tyne for the next 43 years – excluding 6 years absence on war service from 1939 to 1945. From his student days he had been an avid book collector. He formed relationships with antiquarian booksellers throughout the north of England. His interests were eclectic but focused on English literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. Several of my father’s books have survived in the present collection. During childhood I paid little attention to his books but in later years I too became a collector. During the war I was evacuated to the Lake District and my school in Keswick incorporated Greta Hall, where Coleridge lived with Robert Southey and his family. So from an early age the Lake Poets were a significant part of my life and a focus of my book collecting.
    [Show full text]
  • Yearbook 1988 Supreme Court Historical Society
    YEARBOOK 1988 SUPREME COURT HISTORICAL SOCIETY OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JR. Associate Justice, 1902-1933 YEARBOOK 1988 SUPREME COURT HISTORICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS Warren E. Burger Chief Justice of the United States (1969-1986) Honorary Chainnan Kenneth Rush, Chainnan Justin A. Stanley, President PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Kenneth S. Geller, Chainnan Alice L. O'Donnell E. Barrett Prettyman, Jr. Michael Cardozo BOARD OF EDITORS Gerald Gunther Craig Joyce Michael W. McConnell David O'Brien Charles Alan Wright STAFF EDITORS Clare H. Cushman David T. Pride Barbara R. Lentz Kathleen Shurtleff CONSULTING EDITORS James J. Kilpatrick Patricia R. Evans ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Officers and Trustees of the Supreme Court Historical Society would like to thank the Charles Evans Hughes Foundation for its generous support of the publication of this Yearbook. YEARBOOK 1988 Supreme Court Historical Society Establishing Justice 5 Sandra Day O'Connor Perspectives on Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Self-Preference, Competition and the Rule of Force: The Holmesian Legacy 11 Gary Jan Aichele Sutherland Remembers Holmes 18 David M. O'Brien Justice Holmes and Lady C 26 John S. Monagan Justice Holmes and the Yearbooks 37 Milton C Handler and Michael Ruby William Pinkney: The Supreme Court's Greatest Advocate 40 Stephen M. Shapiro Harper's Weekly Celebrates the Centennial of the Supreme Court 46 Peter G. Fish Looking Back on Cardozo Justice Cardozo, One-Ninth of the Supreme Court 50 Milton C Handler and Michael Ruby Judging New York Style: A Brief Retrospective of Two New York Judges 60 Andrew L. Kaufman Columbians as Chief Justices: John Jay, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone 66 Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Parliament, Politics and People Seminar Paper-Revised
    Dr Eilish Gregory Catholic Forfeitures during the English Revolution: Parliament and the Role of Sequestration Agents In early November 1656, the Catholic William Blundell wrote to his nephew Thomas Selby updating him about the latest news in his home county of Lancashire and on matters of his estate. Blundell had previously told Selby about his dealings with agent Gilbert Crouch who was managing his sequestration and compounding affairs which were taking place in London. He remarked that Crouch had promised him ‘that he wil [sic] look carefully to my Exchequer busines’ and Blundell hoped that Selby would inform himself how best he could befriend Crouch, as he was apprehensive about the current dangers that was occurring at that time. Gilbert Crouch had purchased the sequestered estates of William Blundell; he held Blundell’s estates’ of Little Crosby and Ditton in trust until the Restoration. During the civil wars, Blundell had actively supported King Charles I and the Royalist cause, answering the call to serve the king in the Commission of Array in 1642, becoming a captain in the local dragoons before his capture and imprisonment. Consequently, his estates in Little Crosby in Lancashire were sequestered for delinquency and he spent much of the war petitioning to compound for his estates. Unlike the thousands that were sequestered for delinquency during the conflict, Blundell was well-versed in the art of sequestration and compounding for his estates. As a Catholic, he had frequently compounded for his estates for recusancy, and regularly paid his fines during Charles I’s Personal Rule in the 1630s.
    [Show full text]
  • Debating the Free Sea in London, Paris, the Hague and Venice Van Ittersum, Martine Julia
    University of Dundee Debating the Free Sea in London, Paris, The Hague and Venice Van Ittersum, Martine Julia Published in: History of European Ideas DOI: 10.1080/01916599.2021.1871930 Publication date: 2021 Licence: CC BY-NC-ND Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Van Ittersum, M. J. (2021). Debating the Free Sea in London, Paris, The Hague and Venice: The Publication of John Selden’s Mare Clausum (1635) and Its Diplomatic Repercussions in Western Europe. History of European Ideas. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2021.1871930 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 History of European Ideas ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage:
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Thomas Fairfax
    Thinking of trading-in or part-exchanging your old car? Gateway Peugeot can help you out with that with our instant car valuation tool. Just enter your vehicle registration and mileage to find out instantly what your car is worth. We also buy any make of car, so visit us at www.gateway-peugeot.com to use the valuation tool or call us today on 01270 587711 to take your next step towards your new car. Crewe Gates Industrial Estate, Gateway, Crewe, CW1 6YY Mon - Fri: 08:30 - 18:30 | Sat: 09:00 - 17:00 | Sun: 11:00 - 17:00 108 FOR YOUR HEART 3 YEARS INSURANCE FOR YOUR HEAD PEUGEOTPEUGEOT 108108 ACTIVEACTIVE JustJust AddAdd Fuel®Fuel® coverscovers allall keykey drivingdriving expensesexpenses forfor threethree years,years, includingincluding insurance,insurance, withwith oneone fixedfixed monthlymonthly payment.payment. AndAnd it’sit’s nownow availableavailable onon thethe PeugeotPeugeot 108108 Active,Active, whichwhich offersoffers youyou a 7”7” colourcolour touchscreen,touchscreen, Bluetooth®,Bluetooth®, DABDAB digitaldigital radioradio andand manualmanual airair conditioning.conditioning. WantWant toto knowknow more?more? JustJust getget inin touch.touch. GATEWAYGATATEWAWAYAY PEUGEOTPEUGEOT CREWECREWE$ !16*914$ **$* *$!$ !16*914 ** * * ! ""!%#"$##!!$$999 :16*914$.)*9* .( 78 $!%#" ##!! 999 :16*914$.)*9* .( 78 OfficialOfficial FuelFuel ConsumptionConsumption inin MPGMPG (l/100km)(l/100km) andand COCO2 emissionsemissions (g/km)(g/km) forfor thethe 108108 RangeRange are:are: UrbanUrban 52.352.3 – 56.556.5 (5.4(5.4 – 5.0),5.0), ExtraExtra UrbanUrban 74.374.3 – 78.578.5 (3.8(3.8 – 3.6),3.6), CombinedCombined 65.765.7 – 68.968.9 (4.3(4.3 – 4.1)4.1) andand COCO2 9999 – 9595 (g/km).(g/km).
    [Show full text]
  • The Return of the King (1658±1660)
    1 The Return of the King (1658±1660) 1 The Fall of the Protectorate (September 1658±April 1659)1 `All Men wondred to see all so quiet, in so dangerous a time' wrote the Puritan minister Richard Baxter of the autumn of 1658.The death of Oliver Cromwell on 3 September signalled no discernible quickening of either royalist or repub- lican pulses.There was no sudden or general upsurge of public opinion either against the Protectorate or for a return to monarchy: `Contrary to all expec- tation both at home and abroad, this earthquake was attended with no signal alteration', recalled Charles II's Chancellor, Edward Hyde, afterwards Earl of Clarendon.2 Nor, though `all the commonwealth party' may have `cried out upon [Richard's] assuming the protectorship, as a high usurpation', was there any concerted attempt by republicans to undo what they saw as the perversion of the Good Old Cause into the tyranny of rule by a single person: `There is not a dogge that waggs his tongue, soe great a calm are wee in', observed John Thurloe, Oliver's, and now Richard's, Secretary of State.3 The Humble Petition and Advice, the Protectorate's constitution since 1657, empowered Cromwell to name his successor, but this was managed `so sleightly, as some doubt whether he did it at all' reported John Barwick, future Dean of St Paul's, in a letter to Charles II.Nevertheless, despite the want of any formal or written nomination, Richard Cromwell's succession was generally accepted not only without opposition but with signs of positive relief.The proclamation of his
    [Show full text]
  • EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY of THEOLOGY
    EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY of THEOLOGY THIRD EDITION Edited by DANIEL J. TREIER and WALTER A. ELWELL K Daniel J. Treier and Walter A. Elwell, eds., Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 1984, 2001, 2017. Used by permission. _Treier_EvangelicalDicTheo_book.indb 3 8/17/17 2:57 PM 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, 3rd edition General Editors: Daniel J. Treier and Walter A. Elwell Advisory Editors: D. Jeffrey Bingham, Cheryl Bridges Johns, John G. Stackhouse Jr., Tite Tiénou, and Kevin J. Vanhoozer © 1984, 2001, 2017 by Baker Publishing Group Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516–6287 www.bakeracademic.com Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Treier, Daniel J., 1972– editor. | Elwell, Walter A., editor. Title: Evangelical dictionary of theology / edited by Daniel J. Treier, Walter A. Elwell. Description: Third edition. | Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2017. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027228 | ISBN 9780801039461 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Theology—Dictionaries. Classification: LCC BR95 .E87 2017 | DDC 230/.0462403—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027228 Unless otherwise labeled, Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version®.
    [Show full text]
  • Cromwelliana
    CROMWELLIANA Published by The Cromwell Association, a registered charity, this Cromwelliana annual journal of Civil War and Cromwellian studies contains articles, book reviews, a bibliography and other comments, contributions and III Series papers. Details of availability and prices of both this edition and previous editions of Cromwelliana are available on our website: The Journal of www.olivercromwell.org. The 2018 Cromwelliana Cromwell Association The Cr The omwell Association omwell No 1 ‘promoting our understanding of the 17th century’ 2018 The Cromwell Association The Cromwell Museum 01480 708008 Grammar School Walk President: Professor PETER GAUNT, PhD, FRHistS Huntingdon www.cromwellmuseum.org PE29 3LF Vice Presidents: PAT BARNES Rt Hon FRANK DOBSON, PC Rt Hon STEPHEN DORRELL, PC The Cromwell Museum is in the former Huntingdon Grammar School Dr PATRICK LITTLE, PhD, FRHistS where Cromwell received his early education. The Cromwell Trust and Professor JOHN MORRILL, DPhil, FBA, FRHistS Museum are dedicated to preserving and communicating the assets, legacy Rt Hon the LORD NASEBY, PC and times of Oliver Cromwell. In addition to the permanent collection the Dr STEPHEN K. ROBERTS, PhD, FSA, FRHistS museum has a programme of changing temporary exhibitions and activities. Professor BLAIR WORDEN, FBA Opening times Chairman: JOHN GOLDSMITH Honorary Secretary: JOHN NEWLAND April – October Honorary Treasurer: GEOFFREY BUSH Membership Officer PAUL ROBBINS 11.00am – 3.30pm, Tuesday – Sunday The Cromwell Association was formed in 1937 and is a registered charity (reg no. November – March 1132954). The purpose of the Association is to advance the education of the public 1.30pm – 3.30pm, Tuesday – Sunday (11.00am – 3.30pm Saturday) in both the life and legacy of Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658), politician, soldier and statesman, and the wider history of the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]