The Evolution of Puritan Mentality in an Essex Cloth Town: Dedham and the Stour Valley, 1560-1640

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Evolution of Puritan Mentality in an Essex Cloth Town: Dedham and the Stour Valley, 1560-1640 The Evolution of Puritan Mentality in an Essex Cloth Town: Dedham and the Stour Valley, 1560-1640 A.R. Pennie Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Research conducted in the Department of History. Submitted: November, 1989. bs. 1 The Evolution of Puritan Mentality in an Essex Cloth Town: Dedham and the Stour Valley, 1560-1640 A.R. Pennie Summary of thesis The subject of this thesis is the impact of religious reformation on the inhabitants of a small urban centre, with some reference to the experience of nearby settle- ments. Dedham has a place in national history as a centre of the Elizabethan Puritan Movement but the records of the Dedham Conference (the local manifestation of that movement), also illustrate the development of Reformed religion in Dedham and associated parishes. The contents of the thesis may be divided into four sections. The first of these concerns the material life of the inhabitants of Dedham and the way in which this generated both the potential for social cohesion and the possibility of social conflict. The second section examines the attempt at parish reformation sponsored by the ministers associated with the Dedham Conference and the militant and exclusive doctrine of the Christian life elaborated by the succeeding generation of preachers. The third element of the thesis focuses on the way in which the inhabitants articulated the expression of a Reformed or Puritan piety and, on occasion, the rejection of features of that piety. The ways in which the townspeople promoted the education of their children, the relief of the poor and the acknowledgement of ties of kinship and friendship, have been examined in terms of their relationship to a collective mentality characterized by a strong commitment to 'godly' religion. The fourth and final section seeks to examine how a group, characterized by the particular mindset discussed earlier, responded to the political crisis and increasing polarization of opinion which culminated in the outbreak of the English Civil War. The Conclusion attempts to integrate the topics examined in these sections and to show how, despite the rigour and exclusiveness which characterized the rhetoric of the preachers, Puritanism in Dedham tended to foster social cohesion rather than social division. iii Acknowledgements My primary debt of gratitude is owed to my supervisors, Patrick Collinson and Mark Greengrass, for their advice and encouragement. Brett Usher was kind enough to put his encyclopaedic knowledge of the sixteenth century records of the Consistory Court of London at my disposal. Mark Byford and Diarmaid MacCulloch drew my attention to documents I would not otherwise have examined. I am grateful to those librarians and custodians of archives who allowed me access to documents held at the depositories listed in the Bibliography. In particular I would like to thank the archivists and staff of the Essex Record Office for their unfailing helpfulness and those of the West Suffolk Record Office for allowing me to read a document listed as fragile. Among the authors of published works I have consulted, I am particularly indebted to Margaret Spuf ford, Keith Wrightson and David Levine, who pioneered means of setting lay piety in the context of material life. iv Abbreviations A.H.R. American History Review. A.P.C. Acts of the Privy Council. Bod. Bodleian Library, Oxford. D.N.B. Dictionary of National Biography. Ec.H.R. Economic History Review. E.R.O. Essex Record Office, Chelmsford and Colchester. E.S.R.O. East Suffolk Record Office, Ipswich. Foxe S.R. Cattley ed., John Foxe, Acts and Monuments (eight vols, 1837-41). G.L. Guildhall Library, London. G.L.R.O. Greater London Record Office, London. J.B.S. Journal of British Studies. J.E.H. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. J.R.L. John Rylands Library, Manchester. N.R.O. Norfolk Record Office, Norwich. P & P Past and Present. P.R.O. Public Record Office, London. P.S.I.A. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. OSR W.C. Hardy, C. Baker, M.M. Emmison eds., Calendar of Documents in the custody of the Clerk of the Peace for Essex (Essex Record Office typescript). S.R. Statutes of the Realm. v Strype, Annals John Strype, Annals of the Reformation in the Church of England during Queen Elizabeth's Happy Reign (four vols, Oxford, 1824). T.E.A.S. Transactions of the Essex Archaeological Society. Usher R.G. Usher ed., The Presbyterian Movement in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth as illustrated by the Minute Book of the Dedham Classis (sic), 1582-1589, Royal Historical Society, third series, 8 (1905). V.C.H., Essex Victoria History of the County of Essex. V.C.H., Suffolk • Victoria History of the County of Suffolk. Venn John and J.A. Venn, Alumini Canterbrigienses: A Biographical List of all known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office in the University of Cambridge, from the earliest time to 1900, pt 1 (four vols, Cambridge 1922-7). Wrightson and Keith Wrightson and David Levine, Poverty and Levine Piety in an English village: Terling, 1525-1700 (1979). W.S.R.O. West Suffolk Record Office, Bury Saint Edmunds. vi Dates and Quotations All dates have been given in the Old Style except that the year is treated as beginning on 1 January. Quotations from primary sources have been given in the original spelling but contractions have been restored and punctuation has been modernized where this is necessary for clarity. viii Contents Summary of dissertation ii Acknowledgements iv Abbreviations v List of Tables xi List of Maps xiii Preamble: Recent writing on the local impact of English Puritanism xvi Introduction 1 1. Land and Landholding in Dedham, 1560-1650. 7 2. Clothiers and outworkers: The cloth industry of Dedham and the Stour Valley in prosperity and decay, 1560-1640. 25 3. Godly reformation in a parish republic: _ Dedham and the Puritan Movement, 1560-1600. 41 4. 'God's counsell and the narrow way.' Spiritual Warfare divinity in Dedham and Essex, 1600-40. 69 5. Protestant piety in Dedham: 1550-1650. 98 6. Philanthropy and criminality in Dedham: 1560-1640. 118 7. Education and literacy in Dedham and the Stour Valley: 1560-1640. 138 8. Kinship and neighbourhood in Dedham: 1560-1650. 154 ix 9. 'Preservation or ruine of Religion and Liberties'. Dedham and Essex under the government of Charles I, 1626-40. 173 Conclusion 191 Notes 196 APPENDIX 1. Landholding in Dedham, 1570-1650 278 APPENDIX 2. The members of the Dedham Conference 290 BIBLIOGRAPHY 305 List of Tables 1.1 Land transactions in the manorial courts of Dedham (exluding inheritance), 1560-1600. 14 3.1 Dedham and Manningtree: Presentments of inhabitants to the Colchester archdeaconry courts, 1570-1609. 58 5.1 Dedham and East Bergholt: Testators declaring their assurance of salvation, 1560-1650. 103 5.2 Dedham and East Bergholt: Testators giving legacies to ministers, 1560-1640. 108 6.1 Dedham and East Bergholt: Sums bequeathed by testators to the use of the poor, 1560-1650 124 .. 7.1 Dedham and East Bergholt: Changes in illiteracy among the inhabitants, 1560-1650. 150 8.1 Dedham testators: Numbers of testators making bequests to kin Categories, 1560-1650. 158 8.2 East Bergholt testators: Numbers of testators making bequests to kin Categories, 1560-1650. 159 8.3 Dedham testators: Per capita acknowledgements of members of kin Categories. 160 8.4 East Bergholt testators: Per capita acknowledgements of members of kin Categories, 1560-1650. 161 8.5 Executors and supervisors appointed by testators of Dedham, 1560-1650. 164 8.6 Executors and supervisors appointed by testators of East Bergholt, 1560-1650. 165 9.1 Assessments of inhabitants of Dedham for Subsidies of 1624 and 1628. 177 xi 9.2 Inhabitants of Dedham: Refusal of the Forced Loan and membership of the parish elite among those assessed for the Subsidies of 1624 and 1628 178 xii List of Maps 1. Map of the parish of Dedham. 6 2. Centres of coloured cloth production in Essex and Suffolk, 1560-1640. 24 3. Location of schoolmasters in the deanaries of Lexden and Hedingham, 1560-1640. 137a "One reformation will never serve the church; she needs continually to be wound up and set a-going afresh". Wilbur M. Smith ed., The Best of C.H. Spurgeon (Eastbourne, 1983), p.29. xiv To all who buckled on the Armour of the Lord. Preamble: Recent writing on the local impact of English Puritanism. What justification is there for dealing with a national phenomenon, such as English Puritanism, from the perspective of a single locality? This question may be answered by pointing out that before the invention of means of impersonal communication men and women could only have formed new opinions and adopted new modes of behaviour on the basis of face to face contact. Nor was the situation entirely transformed by the invention of printing since readers tended to assimilate what they read in books to habits of thought derived from their immediate cultural milieu.' With regard to this argument locality may be defined as any area within which such face to face contact took place on a regular basis. The parish, with its ecclesiastical centre and more or less nucleated pattern of settlement, or the town, with its market place and corporate identity, would be the smallest and most concentrated area of this kind. The less well defined countrysides or pays, such as the Wealden vales of Kent or the Suffolk and Essex Sandlings, with their distinct landscape and economy, and the tendency for their inhabitants not to cross its boundaries in their migrations, consitute a broader area for a study of 2 locality.
Recommended publications
  • Baptism Data Available
    Suffolk Baptisms - July 2014 Data Available Baptism Register Deanery or Grouping From To Acton, All Saints Sudbury 1754 1900 Akenham, St Mary Claydon 1754 1903 Aldeburgh, St Peter & St Paul Orford 1813 1904 Alderton, St Andrew Wilford 1754 1902 Aldham, St Mary Sudbury 1754 1902 Aldringham cum Thorpe, St Andrew Dunwich 1813 1900 Alpheton, St Peter & St Paul Sudbury 1754 1901 Alpheton, St Peter & St Paul (BTs) Sudbury 1780 1792 Ampton, St Peter Thedwastre 1754 1903 Ashbocking, All Saints Bosmere 1754 1900 Ashby, St Mary Lothingland 1813 1900 Ashfield cum Thorpe, St Mary Claydon 1754 1901 Great Ashfield, All Saints Blackbourn 1765 1901 Aspall, St Mary of Grace Hartismere 1754 1900 Assington, St Edmund Sudbury 1754 1900 Athelington, St Peter Hoxne 1754 1904 Bacton, St Mary Hartismere 1754 1901 Badingham, St John the Baptist Hoxne 1813 1900 Badley, St Mary Bosmere 1754 1902 Badwell Ash, St Mary Blackbourn 1754 1900 Bardwell, St Peter & St Paul Blackbourn 1754 1901 Barham, St Mary Claydon 1754 1901 Barking, St Mary Bosmere 1754 1900 Barnardiston, All Saints Clare 1754 1899 Barnham, St Gregory Blackbourn 1754 1812 Barningham, St Andrew Blackbourn 1754 1901 Barrow, All Saints Thingoe 1754 1900 Barsham, Holy Trinity Wangford 1813 1900 Great Barton, Holy Innocents Thedwastre 1754 1901 Barton Mills, St Mary Fordham 1754 1812 Battisford, St Mary Bosmere 1754 1899 Bawdsey, St Mary the Virgin Wilford 1754 1902 Baylham, St Peter Bosmere 1754 1900 09 July 2014 Copyright © Suffolk Family History Society 2014 Page 1 of 12 Baptism Register Deanery or Grouping
    [Show full text]
  • 622 Far Essex. [Kelly's
    622 FAR ESSEX. [KELLY'S FARMERS continued. Nix John, New hall, Canewdon, Roch- Owers George, Hatfield, 'Witham Mugleston Robert B. Littlebury mill, ford S.O Owers W.Shardl{)es,Gosfield, Halstead Stanford Rivers, RomfoQrd Norfolk George, Ardleigh, Colchester Paddon John, Canfield park, Great Mugleston Thomas, Hammonds farm, Norfolk Herbert, Layer Breton, Kel- Canfield, Dunmow Stapleford Abbots, Romford vedon RS.O Padfield G. .A1derton rd.Loughton S.O Mulley James, Belle Vue cottage, Norfolk Joseph Royce, The Hall, Padfield George, Chigwell Little Baddow, Chelmsford Laver-de-Ia-Hay, Colchester Padfield H. Upminster com. Romford Mullucks Mrs. Anna, l\"ine Asbes, In- Norfolk Mrs. Sarah Ann, Brakes Padfield H. High road, Buckhurst Hill gatestone RS.O farm, Birch, Colchester & High road, Loughwn S.O Mumford 'Allan, West Bergholt lodge, Norman Mrs. Mary Ann, Garlands, Page Alfred, Ardleigh, Colchester West Bergholt R.S.O Birch, Colchester Page Arthur John, Bacon's, Dengie. Mumford Daniel, Hatfield, Harlow Norman Mrs. Thomas, Layer Breton, Southminster RS.O Mumford In. 'foot hill, Ongar S.O Kelvedon RIS.O Page Mrs. Elizabeth, TolleshuL1:i Mumford Robert Rand, Kirby hall, Norman William, Harborough hall, D'Arcy, Witham Kirby, Colchester Messing, Kelvedon RS.O Page Ernest, Beckingham hall, Tolles- Munson Arthur, Vinesse farm, Little Morrell William, Mundon, Maldon hunt Major, Witham Horkesley, Colchester Norris George, The Limes, .A1thdine, Page Francis Elvy, New moor, South- Munson R. Ipswich rd. Colchester ~faldon minster R.S.O Munson Robert, Plain's farm, Ard- Norris Samuel Wakefield, 'Wills Ayler, Page George, Boxted, Colchester leigh, Colchester Sewards end, Saffron Walden Page George, Fingringhoe, Colchester Munson W.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawshall Neighbourhood Plan 2016-2036
    LAWSHALL NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN 2016-2036 Submission Plan January 2017 Youth Club Collage of Lawshall buildings – unveiled at 1st Community Consultation Nov 2015 Lawshall Parish Council Loving our village – past, present, future! CONTENTS PART ONE Why a Neighbourhood Plan for Lawshall?................................................................... 1-15 LAWSHALL at a glance....................................................................................................................... 1 1. LAWSHALL present…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 2. LAWSHALL past………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 3. Why a Neighbourhood Plan for Lawshall? ……………………………………………………………………………….… 6 4. How we did it......……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 5. KEY ISSUES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 10 6. CONTEXT from National & Local Planning Policy……………………………………………………………………..... 12 7. LAWSHALL future…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 13 PART TWO – Components of the Plan…………………………………………………………………….……………… 16-54 8. SETTLEMENT PATTERN & SPATIAL POLICY………………………………………………………………………………... 16 9. HOUSING development………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 22 10. OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 29 11. OUR BUILT HERITAGE & DESIGN....……………………………………………………………………………………….... 38 12. OUR AMENITIES & SERVICES………………………………………………………………………………………............. 45 13. OUR INFRASTRUCTURE & BUSINESSES……………………………………………………………………………………. 48 14. IMPLEMENTATION and MONITORING…………………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Reading History in Early Modern England
    READING HISTORY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND D. R. WOOLF published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Sabon 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Woolf, D. R. (Daniel R.) Reading History in early modern England / by D. R. Woolf. p. cm. (Cambridge studies in early modern British history) ISBN 0 521 78046 2 (hardback) 1. Great Britain – Historiography. 2. Great Britain – History – Tudors, 1485–1603 – Historiography. 3. Great Britain – History – Stuarts, 1603–1714 – Historiography. 4. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 16th century. 5. Historiography – Great Britain – History – 17th century. 6. Books and reading – England – History – 16th century. 7. Books and reading – England – History – 17th century. 8. History publishing – Great Britain – History. I. Title. II. Series. DA1.W665 2000 941'.007'2 – dc21 00-023593 ISBN 0 521 78046 2 hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page vii Preface xi List of abbreviations and note on the text xv Introduction 1 1 The death of the chronicle 11 2 The contexts and purposes of history reading 79 3 The ownership of historical works 132 4 Borrowing and lending 168 5 Clio unbound and bound 203 6 Marketing history 255 7 Conclusion 318 Appendix A A bookseller’s inventory in history books, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Six Unpublished Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria
    SIX UNPUBLISHED LETTERS OF dUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA R. A. BEDDARD IN the morass of papers left by that diligent servant of the House of Stuart, Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State to Charles I and Charles II, is a small cache of six letters written by, or at the command of, Queen Henrietta Maria.^ Five of them are addressed to Nicholas in his official capacity as Secretary.^ Three of them are informal, being little more than hastily penned notes in the Queen's own hand. These are undated by her, but two of them have been endorsed by Nicholas with the date on which he received them: 5 September and i October 1641. His endorsement locates them in the difficult period of Charles Ts residence in Edinburgh, when his master was seeking to build a party among the Scottish nobles. The third most probably belongs to the same year. All three show that the King was during his absence from England regularly employing his wife in the routine business of despatching, and, on occasion, restraining the time of delivery of his correspondence.^ The other two letters addressed to Secretary Nicholas are of greater historical moment. Not only are they more ample in content, they are also more formal in nature. They belong to a much later period in the Queen's life, when she had taken up residence in her native France following her successful flight from Exeter in July 1644.^ The two communications are cast in the form of royal warrants, drafted by the clerk attending the Queen at the palace of St Germain-en-Laye, outside Paris, where for a time she occupied grace and favour lodgings given to her by her sister-in-law, Anne of Austria, Queen Regent of France and the widow of Louis XIII.^ As such, they are signed by Henrietta Maria at the beginning in the customary fashion, and are dated coram regina 9 and 22 June 1648 respectively, according to the New Style of the Gregorian calendar in use in Catholic France: that is, 30 May and 12 June, according to the Old Style of the Julian computation still in use in Protestant England.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of Election Agents Babergh
    Suffolk County Council ELECTION OF A COUNTY COUNCILLOR Thursday 06 May 2021 BELSTEAD BROOK DIVISION NOTICE OF ELECTION AGENTS’ NAMES AND OFFICES I HEREBY GIVE NOTICE that the names and addresses of election agents of the candidates at this election, and the addresses of the offices or places of such election agents to which all claims, notices, writs, summons, and other documents addressed to them: Candidate's Other Name(s) Description Name and Correspondence Address of Surname Election Agent DAVID BUSBY Liberal Democrats Own Agent MICHAEL CHRISTOPHER The Conservative Party PHILIP JAMES FAIRCLOTH-MUTTON HUDSON GERARD Candidate 4 Byford Road, Sudbury, Suffolk, CO10 2 YG JAKE THOMAS KEITH WADE Labour Party The Beeches, Newton Road, Sudbury, RAYMOND Suffolk, CO10 2RL Dated: 9 April 2021 Arthur Charvonia Deputy Returning Officer PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE DEPUTY RETURNING OFFICER ENDEAVOUR HOUSE 8 RUSSELL ROAD IPSWICH SUFFOLK IP1 2BX Suffolk County Council ELECTION OF A COUNTY COUNCILLOR Thursday 06 May 2021 COSFORD DIVISION NOTICE OF ELECTION AGENTS’ NAMES AND OFFICES I HEREBY GIVE NOTICE that the names and addresses of election agents of the candidates at this election, and the addresses of the offices or places of such election agents to which all claims, notices, writs, summons, and other documents addressed to them: Candidate's Other Name(s) Description Name and Correspondence Address of Surname Election Agent GORDON MEHRTENS ROBERT LINDSAY Green Party Bildeston House, High Street, Bildeston, JAMES Suffolk, IP7 7EX JAKE THOMAS CHRISTOPHER
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Welles Family in England
    HISTORY OFHE T WELLES F AMILY IN E NGLAND; WITH T HEIR DERIVATION IN THIS COUNTRY FROM GOVERNOR THOMAS WELLES, OF CONNECTICUT. By A LBERT WELLES, PRESIDENT O P THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OP HERALDRY AND GENBALOGICAL REGISTRY OP NEW YORK. (ASSISTED B Y H. H. CLEMENTS, ESQ.) BJHttl)n a account of tljt Wu\\t% JFamtlg fn fHassssacIjusrtta, By H ENRY WINTHROP SARGENT, OP B OSTON. BOSTON: P RESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. 1874. II )2 < 7-'/ < INTRODUCTION. ^/^Sn i Chronology, so in Genealogy there are certain landmarks. Thus,n i France, to trace back to Charlemagne is the desideratum ; in England, to the Norman Con quest; and in the New England States, to the Puri tans, or first settlement of the country. The origin of but few nations or individuals can be precisely traced or ascertained. " The lapse of ages is inces santly thickening the veil which is spread over remote objects and events. The light becomes fainter as we proceed, the objects more obscure and uncertain, until Time at length spreads her sable mantle over them, and we behold them no more." Its i stated, among the librarians and officers of historical institutions in the Eastern States, that not two per cent of the inquirers succeed in establishing the connection between their ancestors here and the family abroad. Most of the emigrants 2 I NTROD UCTION. fled f rom religious persecution, and, instead of pro mulgating their derivation or history, rather sup pressed all knowledge of it, so that their descendants had no direct traditions. On this account it be comes almost necessary to give the descendants separately of each of the original emigrants to this country, with a general account of the family abroad, as far as it can be learned from history, without trusting too much to tradition, which however is often the only source of information on these matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Setting the Scene
    chapter 2 setting the Scene The Plan Area – Epping Forest District 2.1 Epping Forest District is in the south-west of Essex abutting through stations at North Weald and Blake Hall to the end both Greater London and Hertfordshire. The south–west of of the line at Ongar. Blake Hall station closed in 1981 with the District is served by the London Underground Central the line closing in 1994. In recent years the ‘Epping and Line (both the main line and the ‘Hainault via Newbury Ongar Railway’ has been established, a nationally recognised Park’ loop). Epping Station is the eastern terminus and there heritage rail service running on this former Central Line track are 7 other stations in service in the District 1. There is one from Epping to Ongar. There is currently no operational rail national railway station in the District – at Roydon on the connection between the heritage rail line and the Central Liverpool Street to Stansted and Cambridge line, although Line track at Epping, but the ‘Epping and Ongar Railway’ other railway stations (Broxbourne, Sawbridgeworth, Harlow runs some shuttle bus services locally. Town and Harlow Mill) are close to, and accessible from, the 2 District. The Central Line used to run further than Epping, These are Theydon Bois, Debden, Loughton and Buckhurst Hill, together with the stations on the branch line at Roding Valley, Chigwell and Grange Hill Figure 2.1 – Epping Forest District Source – Copyright Epping Forest District Council Epping Forest District Draft Local Plan 12 | Consultation October 2016 2.2 The M25 runs east-west through the District, with a local road 2.6 By 2033, projections suggest the proportion of people aged interchange at Waltham Abbey.
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTATION-Submission Reformatted
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5tv2w736 Author Harkins, Robert Lee Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 By Robert Lee Harkins A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor David Bates Fall 2013 © Robert Lee Harkins 2013 All Rights Reserved 1 Abstract The Dilemma of Obedience: Persecution, Dissimulation, and Memory in Early Modern England, 1553-1603 by Robert Lee Harkins Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Ethan Shagan, Chair This study examines the problem of religious and political obedience in early modern England. Drawing upon extensive manuscript research, it focuses on the reign of Mary I (1553-1558), when the official return to Roman Catholicism was accompanied by the prosecution of Protestants for heresy, and the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), when the state religion again shifted to Protestantism. I argue that the cognitive dissonance created by these seesaw changes of official doctrine necessitated a society in which religious mutability became standard operating procedure. For most early modern men and women it was impossible to navigate between the competing and contradictory dictates of Tudor religion and politics without conforming, dissimulating, or changing important points of conscience and belief.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of Great Bentley Patient Participation Group
    Minutes of Great Bentley Patient Participation Group Thursday 20th March 2014 Chaired by – Melvyn Cox Present: Charles Brown – Vice Chairman Sharon Batson – Secretary Dr Freda Bhatti – Senior Partner Richard Miller – Practice Manager Approx 50 members present 1. Welcome and Apologies Melvyn Welcomed those present including Dr Shane Gordon Apologies received from Barry Spake 2. Minutes of Last Meeting Agreed 3.Guest Speak – Dr Shane Gordon, GP and Chief Officer, Clinical Commissioning Group The CCG has been in place since April 2013 and is the local NHS statutory body providing hospital and community services in our area, but does not cover general practice as this is provided by NHS England. Big Care Debate – looking at the future of the health service in the Colchester/Tendring areas. 1000 people have been involved in the last 4 months. The main topics are to look at changing the way NHS listens to the people it serves and being more available, and to make local general practice responsible for health services commissioned in the area. Circumstances we find ourselves in 2014 – The Health Service is very protected with regards to funding, services not needed to be slashed as drastically as within Social Services. However the growth in funding is not as fast as the growth in need. More people not working and paying tax, the older you get more medical conditions are likely and therefore costs more money. £400 million allocated to Colchester/Tendring CCG per annum £200 million allocated to NHS England for the area per annum. Under pressure to do more with the same money, £20 million more work in new year with the same money as last year.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Godparents Required for Catholic Baptism
    Are Godparents Required For Catholic Baptism Stormless and floppiest Gaspar bases his pamphlet corner silicified trilaterally. Skylar barricade ajar if thermal Tammy trickle or priggings. Acred and unmerited Thor still double-stopped his Gethsemane snowily. Later converted to note is her prepare to exchange it are catholic church, love and black faces on that is customary and christ and clear it may be catholic faith on whether i could anyone can A baptized person who belongs to a non-Catholic ecclesial community were not to. How many Godparents for a Catholic Baptism Netmums. SELECTING SPONSORS GODPARENTS St Mary Our. What to confront at a Catholic Baptism Catholic Family Gifts. Baptism is living the baptism are active in the catholic church. Sponsors and Godparents Sacred Heart Catholic Church. Baptism at Old St Mary's Church. Ways to remember a good godparent Simply Catholic. The church requires at prime one godparent who art a practicing confirmed Catholic age 16 or older That godparent's name is entered into the Parish Record Book. What should the controversy was asked to have different depending on divorce procedure is for baptism men cannot play whatever game they assume that is acceptable to you plan in? Thank you the same name of the church of england or facilities has made australia and now of catholic godparents are required for baptism, then and my rosary catholic all. SELECTING SPONSORS GODPARENTS FOR better CHILD'S BAPTISM. To remember ensure this godparents must meet Canon Law requirements and Diocesan. He has gone through baptism is hat for advice a god in his church to receive the child home or godparents for the baptism process of divine life in? Can a graduate be baptized without Godparents BabyCenter.
    [Show full text]
  • Baptism+Godparent Preparation
    ST.PAUL’SEPISCOPALCHURCH reissued FALL 2016 FALL reissued (30 Oct 2013) Church SCATTERED WELCOME TO ST. PAUL’S: BAPTISM the rite of Christian Initiation 1300 N. 18th Street • Kansas City, KS 66102 • T 913.321.3535 main • T 913.321.8674 pantry • www.stpaulskck.org Godparent Preparation When a person is baptized, they become part of the Body of Christ, a larger family than the one that gave them birth. It is very important, therefore, that a person have sponsors, or godparents, “spirit guides,” who are members of the family of faith but beyond their immediate family, to walk with them on the baptismal journey every more deeply into Christ. If possible, it is a valuable communion for godparents to be in community one with another for the sake of the baptizand. Sharing their own journeys not only supports the godparents, but enables a deeper collegiality in caring for the baptized one. SHARING 1. What is the story of your Baptism? Do you remember? Who was there? Where? 2. Who have been your life mentors, “spirit guides” who loved your soul? 3. What might you have wished for in a mentor or sponsor that did not happen for you? 4. What are your hopes for your spiritual care and nurture for your baptized person? 5. How do you imagine sharing in his/her life? BASIC IDEAS FOR GODPARENTING 1. Sustaining a relationship with your godchild and his/her parents and (/or) family. 2. Remembering birthdays and holy days. 3. If you live out of town, seeing the person at least once a year if at all possible.
    [Show full text]