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Home , Common pike conger, Congresox, Cynoponticus, Daggertooth pike conger, Gavialiceps, Indian pike conger

FAMILY Kaup, 1859 - pike conger [=Muraenesocinae, Gavialicipitinae, Sauromuraenesocidae] Notes: Muraenesocinae Kaup, 1859b:6, 19 [ref. 2586] (subfamily) [Fowler 1958a:3 [ref. 31840] used Muroenesocinae based on Muroenesox] Gavialicipitinae Gill, 1893b:133 [ref. 26255] (subfamily) [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Sauromuraenesocidae Jordan, 1923a:130 [ref. 2421] (family) Sauromuraenesox

GENUS Gill, 1890 - pike congers [=Congresox Gill [T. N.], 1890:234] Notes: [ref. 1733]. Masc. Conger talabon Cuvier, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Congresox Gill, 1890 -- (Castle & Williamson 1975:2 [ref. 7115], Smith 1989:434 [ref. 13285], Ataur Rahman 1989:48 [ref. 24860], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661], Ataur Rahman 2003:63 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:48 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Congresox Gill, 1890. Muraenesocidae.

Species Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829) - [=Conger talabon Cuvier [G.], 1829:350, Muraenesox exodentata McClelland [J.], 1844:180, 203, 210, Pl. 8 (fig. 4), Muraenesox lanceolata McClelland [J.], 1844:181, 210, Muraenesox serradentata McClelland [J.], 1843:409] Notes: [Le Règne (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatnam, . Current status: Valid as Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (exodentata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bay of Bengal near the islands on the Arracan coast. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (lanceolata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (serradentata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2927] Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talaban Cuvier, 1829. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. Species Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852) - Indian putyekanipa, [=Conger talabonoides Bleeker [P.], 1852:20, Muraenesox pristis Kaup [J. J.], 1856:74] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Jakarta, Java, . Current status: Valid as Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Philippines, north to . Habitat: brackish, marine. (pristis) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 2572] Asia. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Costa, 1845 - pike congers [=Cynoponticus Costa [O. G.], 1845:1, Brachyconger Bleeker [P.], 1864:116, Cheiromuroenesox Fowler [H. W.], 1944:60, 187, Phyllogramma Pellegrin [J.], 1934:46] Notes: [ref. 976]. Masc. Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Type by subsequent monotypy. On p. 1 of "Genre Cinopontico," with species named on p. 10 of same section; pp. 1-8 published 6 Nov. 1845, pp. 9-12 in 1846. •Valid as Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Blache et al. 1973:235 [ref. 7185], Castle & Williamson 1975:2 [ref. 7115], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:559 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:436 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661] as Cynopticus, Smith 2003:738 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Brachyconger) [ref. 409]. Masc. Conger savanna Bancroft, 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Smith 1989:436 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Cheiromuroenesox) [ref. 1448]. Masc. Muraenesox coniceps Jordan & Gilbert, 1882. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Apparently above is correct original spelling, not Cheiromuraenesox. •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Phyllogramma) [ref. 3414]. Fem. Phyllogramma regani Pellegrin, 1934. Type by monotypy. The genus is feminine, not neuter; name referes to the special condition of the lateral line (with flower-like elements). •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Blache et al. 1973:235 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. Species Cynoponticus coniceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) - [=Muraenesox coniceps Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:348] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 237); ref. 2470] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western . Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus coniceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846 - Guinea pike conger [=Cynoponticus ferox Costa [O. G.], 1846:Cynoponticus p. 10, Pl. 28 (figs. 1-6), Muraena myrus Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:20, Phyllogramma regani Pellegrin [J.], 1934:47, Fig. 2] Notes: [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Ischia Island, Gulf of Naples, Italy, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar south to Angola. Habitat: marine. (myrus) [Catalogue of collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus ferox (Costa, 1850). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (regani) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 59; ref. 3414] Port Etienne, Mauritania. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831) - sapphire [=Conger savanna Bancroft [E. N.], 1831:135, Conger brasiliensis Ranzani [C.], 1839:79 [15], Pl. 13 (figs. 1a-b), Conger limbatus Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:83, Pl. 43 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 15966] Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brasiliensis) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 4 [1840]; ref. 18606] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (limbatus) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

GENUS Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889 - pike congers [=Gavialiceps Alcock [A. W.] (ex Wood-Mason), 1889:460] Notes: [ref. 20525]. Neut. Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889. Type by subsequent designation. Described first with 2 included species. Alcock (1891:137 [ref. 87]) says taeniola is not a Gavialiceps, but does not technically fix the type of Gavialiceps as microps. Type selected by Gilbert 1905:586 [ref. 1631]. See Tighe 1989:617 [ref. 13291]. Gavialichthys Golvan, 1962 is a nomen nudum that Whtiley 1970:243 [ref. 6601] regards as a lapsus calami for Gavialiceps Alcock. •Valid as Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889 -- (Karrer 1982:52 [ref. 5679], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Karmovskaya 1993:742 [ref. 22018], Smith 1999:1683 [ref. 24661] in Congridae, Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997] in Congridae, Ho et al. 2010:25 [ref. 31218], Zhang et al. 2010:300 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae.

Species Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona, 1928) - Aden pike conger (author) [= arabicus D'Ancona [U.], 1928:51, Pl. 3 (figs. 9-9a)] Notes: [Memoria, Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Gulf of Aden, near the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, 12°05'N, 44°47'E, depth 582 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona, 1928). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya, 1993 - Emma's pike conger (author) [=Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1993:750 [85]] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southwestern Indian Ocean, 21°26'S, 43°01'E, depth 810-1200 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya, 1993. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya, 1993 - duckbill conger [=Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1993:750 [86]] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southeastern Indian Ocean, 8°30'S, 111°55'E, depth 560-600 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya, 1993. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889 - deepsea pike conger (author) [=Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock [A. W.], (ex Wood-Mason), 1889:460 [36]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Arakan coast, Myanmar, 19°35'N, 92°24'E, depth 272 fathoms; Andaman Sea southeast by south of Ross Island. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen & Weng, 1967) - Taiwan pike conger (author) [=Chlopsis taiwanensis Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.], 1967:81, Fig. 61] Notes: [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series Number 6 No. 32; ref. 7952] Tungkang, southwestern Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen & Weng, 1967). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Muraenesox McClelland, 1844 - pike congers [=Muraenesox McClelland [J.], 1844:408] Notes: [ref. 2927]. Masc. Muraenesox tricuspidata McClelland, 1844. Type by subsequent designation. Muraenosix tricuspidata given as type by Jordan 1919:220 [ref. 2410]. Also in McClelland 1844:210 [ref. 2928]. •Valid as Muraenesox McClelland, 1844 -- (Castle & Williamson 1975 [ref. 7115], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:560 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:188 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:145 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:436 [ref. 13285], Ataur Rahman 1989:46 [ref. 24860], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661], Ataur Rahman 2003:61 [ref. 31338], Paxton et al. 2006:282 [ref. 28995], Fricke et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30213], Zhang et al. 2010:290 [ref. 31511], Kottelat 2013:48 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Muraenesox McClelland, 1844. Muraenesocidae.

Species Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822) - [=Muraena bagio Hamilton [F.], 1822:24, 364, Conger moniliger Bleeker [P.], 1864:124, Muraenesox yamaguchiensis Katayama [M.] & Takai [T.], 1954:97, Figs. 1-2]] Notes: [An account of the found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River estuaries, India. Current status: Valid as Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Durban (South Africa), East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Yellow Sea, south to Western Australia at 27°42'S, New South Wales (Australia) at 34°53'S and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine. (moniliger) [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 2; ref. 13923] Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822). Muraenesocidae. (yamaguchiensis) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 3; ref. 12653] Kudamatsu fish market, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) - conger pike, [=Muraena cinerea Forsskål [P. S.], 1775:22, x, Congrus angustidens Richardson [J.], 1848:110, Muraena arabica Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:488, Muraenesox bengalensis McClelland [J.], 1844:182, Congrus brevicuspis Richardson [J.], 1848:111, Conger hamo Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1846:262, Pl. 114 (fig. 2), Conger longirostris Anonymous [Bennett [E. T.]], 1830:692, Conger oxyrhynchus Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.], 1850:203, Pl. 9 (fig. 2), Congrus protervus Richardson [J.], 1848:110, Ophisurus rostratus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.], 1824:242, Pl. 51 (fig. 1), Conger singaporensis Bleeker [P.], 1852:21, Muraenesox tricuspidata McClelland [J.], 1844:409] Notes: [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana Islands, north to China, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (angustidens) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] China. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (arabica) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (bengalensis) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus McClelland, 1844. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (brevicuspis) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (hamo) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Southwestern coast of Japan. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (longirostris) [Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles; ref. 259] Sumatra, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (oxyrhynchus) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Macao, China. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (protervus) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Locality unknown. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (rostratus) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rawak Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (singaporensis) [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Singapore. Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (tricuspidata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (for 1843); ref. 2927] Current status: Synonym of Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Muraenesox hamiltonii McClelland, 1844 - Bengal pike conger (author) [=Muraenesox hamiltonii McClelland [J.], 1844:182, 203, 210, Pl. 8 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India. Current status: Valid as Muraenesox hamiltonii McClelland, 1844. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Oxyconger Bleeker, 1864 - pike congers [=Oxyconger Bleeker [P.], 1864:19] Notes: [ref. 4860]. Masc. Conger leptognathus Bleeker, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Bleeker 1864:19 published 21 Sept. 1864, also in Bleeker 1865:116 [ref. 409]. •Valid as Oxyconger Bleeker, 1864 -- (Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:145 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:434 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661], Paxton et al. 2006:283 [ref. 28995], Zhang et al. 2010:298 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Oxyconger Bleeker, 1864. Muraenesocidae.

Species Oxyconger leptognathus (Bleeker, 1858) - shorttail pike conger [=Conger leptognathus Bleeker [P.], 1858:27, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [v. 3 (art. 10); ref. 360] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Oxyconger leptognathus (Bleeker, 1858). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Pacific, antitropical. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Sauromuraenesox Alcock, 1889 - pike congers [=Sauromuraenesox Alcock [A. W.], 1889:457] Notes: [ref. 20525]. Masc. Sauromuraenesox vorax Alcock, 1889. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Sauromuraenesax in Zoological Record for 1889. •Valid as Sauromuraenesox Alcock, 1889 -- (Talwar 1977 [ref. 6954], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661] as Sauromurenesox). Current status: Valid as Sauromuraenesox Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae.

Species Sauromuraenesox vorax Alcock, 1889 - Bengal pike-conger (author) [=Sauromuraenesox vorax Alcock [A. W.], 1889:458 [34]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Bay of Bengal, 20°17'30"N, 88°51'E, Investigator station 14, depth 193 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Sauromuraenesox vorax Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine ********************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

Muraenesox exodon McClelland [J.] 1843:409 [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2927] Arrakan, Malay coast. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Congresox exodon (McCullamd 1844) -- (Kottelat 2013:48 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Congresox exodon (McClelland 1844). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine.

Congrus curvidens Richardson [J.] 1848:111 [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Locality unknown; BMNH register says "West Indies: Caribbean Sea" which seems unlikely. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1843.2.1.14 (dry). •Questionably a synonym of Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft 1831) -- (Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Uncertain as Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft 1831). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Muraena savanna Cuvier [G.] 1829:350 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Not available, in footnote as, "La savanne de la Martinique (M. savanna, N.)" but no tie to a literature citation; dates to Conger savanna Bancroft 1831 -- (Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Muraenesocidae.

Gavialiceps microps Alcock [A. W.] 1889:461 [37] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Bay of Bengal, channel south of Andaman Islands, Investigator station 4, depth 1045 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F11662. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:135 [ref. 20743], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:36 [ref. 22148]. On p. 37 of separate. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. Gavialiceps tinayrei Zugmayer [E.] 1914:3 [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 288; ref. 4848] Off Coast of Morocco, station 3082, depth 0- 4000 meters. Holotype (unique): MOM (not found in 1995). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine.

Muraenesox aurea McClelland [J.] 1844:183 [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Vizagapatam, India. No types known. Based on Russell, Indian Fishes, no. 36. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine.

Muraenophis bazi Hamilton [F.] in McClelland 1844:203 [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Not available, Hamilton name on a drawing mentioned under Muraenesox hamiltonii; originally genus as Muraeophis; from Vishakhapatnam [Vizagapatam], India. Muraenesocidae.