FAMILY Muraenesocidae Kaup, 1859 - pike conger eels [=Muraenesocinae, Gavialicipitinae, Sauromuraenesocidae] Notes: Muraenesocinae Kaup, 1859b:6, 19 [ref. 2586] (subfamily) Muraenesox [Fowler 1958a:3 [ref. 31840] used Muroenesocinae based on Muroenesox] Gavialicipitinae Gill, 1893b:133 [ref. 26255] (subfamily) Gavialiceps [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1] Sauromuraenesocidae Jordan, 1923a:130 [ref. 2421] (family) Sauromuraenesox GENUS Congresox Gill, 1890 - pike congers [=Congresox Gill [T. N.], 1890:234] Notes: [ref. 1733]. Masc. Conger talabon Cuvier, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Congresox Gill, 1890 -- (Castle & Williamson 1975:2 [ref. 7115], Smith 1989:434 [ref. 13285], Ataur Rahman 1989:48 [ref. 24860], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661], Ataur Rahman 2003:63 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2013:48 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Congresox Gill, 1890. Muraenesocidae. Species Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829) - yellow pike conger [=Conger talabon Cuvier [G.], 1829:350, Muraenesox exodentata McClelland [J.], 1844:180, 203, 210, Pl. 8 (fig. 4), Muraenesox lanceolata McClelland [J.], 1844:181, 210, Muraenesox serradentata McClelland [J.], 1843:409] Notes: [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatnam, India. Current status: Valid as Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (exodentata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bay of Bengal near the islands on the Arracan coast. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (lanceolata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 5 (no. 18); ref. 2928] Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (serradentata) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2927] Bengal, India. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talaban Cuvier, 1829. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. Species Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852) - Indian putyekanipa, Indian pike conger [=Conger talabonoides Bleeker [P.], 1852:20, Muraenesox pristis Kaup [J. J.], 1856:74] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 25 (art. 5); ref. 339] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: brackish, marine. (pristis) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 2572] Asia. Current status: Synonym of Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1852). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 - pike congers [=Cynoponticus Costa [O. G.], 1845:1, Brachyconger Bleeker [P.], 1864:116, Cheiromuroenesox Fowler [H. W.], 1944:60, 187, Phyllogramma Pellegrin [J.], 1934:46] Notes: [ref. 976]. Masc. Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Type by subsequent monotypy. On p. 1 of "Genre Cinopontico," with species named on p. 10 of same section; pp. 1-8 published 6 Nov. 1845, pp. 9-12 in 1846. •Valid as Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Blache et al. 1973:235 [ref. 7185], Castle & Williamson 1975:2 [ref. 7115], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:559 [ref. 13676], Smith 1989:436 [ref. 13285], Smith 1999:1673 [ref. 24661] as Cynopticus, Smith 2003:738 [ref. 26989]). Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Brachyconger) [ref. 409]. Masc. Conger savanna Bancroft, 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Smith 1989:436 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Cheiromuroenesox) [ref. 1448]. Masc. Muraenesox coniceps Jordan & Gilbert, 1882. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Apparently above is correct original spelling, not Cheiromuraenesox. •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. (Phyllogramma) [ref. 3414]. Fem. Phyllogramma regani Pellegrin, 1934. Type by monotypy. The genus is feminine, not neuter; name referes to the special condition of the lateral line (with flower-like elements). •Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845 -- (Blache et al. 1973:235 [ref. 7185], Smith 1989:437 [ref. 13285]). Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus Costa, 1845. Muraenesocidae. Species Cynoponticus coniceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) - red pike conger [=Muraenesox coniceps Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:348] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 237); ref. 2470] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus coniceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846 - Guinea pike conger [=Cynoponticus ferox Costa [O. G.], 1846:Cynoponticus p. 10, Pl. 28 (figs. 1-6), Muraena myrus Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:20, Phyllogramma regani Pellegrin [J.], 1934:47, Fig. 2] Notes: [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Ischia Island, Gulf of Naples, Italy, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar south to Angola. Habitat: marine. (myrus) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus ferox (Costa, 1850). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. (regani) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 59; ref. 3414] Port Etienne, Mauritania. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus ferox Costa, 1846. Muraenesocidae. Habitat: marine. Species Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831) - sapphire eel [=Conger savanna Bancroft [E. N.], 1831:135, Conger brasiliensis Ranzani [C.], 1839:79 [15], Pl. 13 (figs. 1a-b), Conger limbatus Castelnau [F. L.], 1855:83, Pl. 43 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 15966] Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brasiliensis) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 4 [1840]; ref. 18606] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (limbatus) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cynoponticus savanna (Bancroft, 1831). Muraenesocidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889 - pike congers [=Gavialiceps Alcock [A. W.] (ex Wood-Mason), 1889:460] Notes: [ref. 20525]. Neut. Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889. Type by subsequent designation. Described first with 2 included species. Alcock (1891:137 [ref. 87]) says taeniola is not a Gavialiceps, but does not technically fix the type of Gavialiceps as microps. Type selected by Gilbert 1905:586 [ref. 1631]. See Tighe 1989:617 [ref. 13291]. Gavialichthys Golvan, 1962 is a nomen nudum that Whtiley 1970:243 [ref. 6601] regards as a lapsus calami for Gavialiceps Alcock. •Valid as Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889 -- (Karrer 1982:52 [ref. 5679], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:29 [ref. 6441], Karmovskaya 1993:742 [ref. 22018], Smith 1999:1683 [ref. 24661] in Congridae, Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997] in Congridae, Ho et al. 2010:25 [ref. 31218], Zhang et al. 2010:300 [ref. 31511]). Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae. Species Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona, 1928) - Aden pike conger (author) [=Leptocephalus arabicus D'Ancona [U.], 1928:51, Pl. 3 (figs. 9-9a)] Notes: [Memoria, Comitato Talassografico Italiano No. 146; ref. 15917] Gulf of Aden, near the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, 12°05'N, 44°47'E, depth 582 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps arabicus (D'Ancona, 1928). Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. Species Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya, 1993 - Emma's pike conger (author) [=Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1993:750 [85]] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southwestern Indian Ocean, 21°26'S, 43°01'E, depth 810-1200 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps bertelseni Karmovskaya, 1993. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine. Species Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya, 1993 - duckbill conger [=Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya [E. S.], 1993:750 [86]] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 22018] Southeastern Indian Ocean, 8°30'S, 111°55'E, depth 560-600 meters. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps javanicus Karmovskaya, 1993. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889 - deepsea pike conger (author) [=Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock [A. W.], (ex Wood-Mason), 1889:460 [36]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 4 (no. 24); ref. 20525] Arakan coast, Myanmar, 19°35'N, 92°24'E, depth 272 fathoms; Andaman Sea southeast by south of Ross Island. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taeniola Alcock, 1889. Muraenesocidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen & Weng, 1967) - Taiwan pike conger (author) [=Chlopsis taiwanensis Chen [J. T. F.] & Weng [H. T. C.], 1967:81, Fig. 61] Notes: [Biological Bulletin Tunghai University Ichthyology Series Number 6 No. 32; ref. 7952] Tungkang, southwestern Taiwan. Current status: Valid as Gavialiceps taiwanensis (Chen