Deposit & Copying of Dissertation Declaration
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Deposit & Copying of Dissertation Declaration Board of Graduate Studies Please note that you will also need to bind a copy of this Declaration into your final, hardbound copy of thesis - this has to be the very first page of the hardbound thesis. 1 Surname (Family Name) Forenames(s) Title 2 Title of Dissertation as approved by the Degree Committee In accordance with the University Regulations in Statutes and Ordinances for the PhD, MSc and MLitt Degrees, I agree to deposit one print copy of my dissertation entitled above and one print copy of the summary with the Secretary of the Board of Graduate Studies who shall deposit the dissertation and summary in the University Library under the following terms and conditions: 1. Dissertation Author Declaration I am the author of this dissertation and hereby give the University the right to make my dissertation available in print form as described in 2. below. My dissertation is my original work and a product of my own research endeavours and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration with others except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I hereby assert my moral right to be identified as the author of the dissertation. The deposit and dissemination of my dissertation by the University does not constitute a breach of any other agreement, publishing or otherwise, including any confidentiality or publication restriction provisions in sponsorship or collaboration agreements governing my research or work at the University or elsewhere. 2. Access to Dissertation I understand that one print copy of my dissertation will be deposited in the University Library for archival and preservation purposes, and that, unless upon my application restricted access to my dissertation for a specified period of time has been granted by the Board of Graduate Studies prior to this deposit, the dissertation will be made available by the University Library for consultation by readers in accordance with University Library Regulations and copies of my dissertation may be provided to readers in accordance with applicable legislation. 3 Signature Date Corresponding Regulation Before being admitted to a degree, a student shall deposit with the Secretary of the Board one copy of his or her hard- bound dissertation and one copy of the summary (bearing student’s name and thesis title), both the dissertation and the summary in a form approved by the Board. The Secretary shall deposit the copy of the dissertation together with the copy of the summary in the University Library where, subject to restricted access to the dissertation for a specified period of time having been granted by the Board of Graduate Studies, they shall be made available for consultation by readers in accordance with University Library Regulations and copies of the dissertation provided to readers in accordance with applicable legislation. University of Cambridge, Board of Graduate Studies, 4 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RZ · Tel: 01223 338389 · email: [email protected] · http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/students/studentregistry/exams/submission/phd/submitting.html ANGLO-SAXON MEDICINE AND DISEASE: A SEMANTIC APPROACH THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHD) SUBMITTED JANUARY 2011 CONAN DOYLE CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE Conan Doyle, Anglo-Saxon Medicine and Disease: A Semantic Approach Abstract As a semantic investigation into Anglo-Saxon medicine, this thesis investigates the ways in which the Old English language was adapted to the technical discipline of medicine, with an emphasis on semantic interference between Latin medical terminology and Old English medical terminology. The main purpose of the examination is to determine the extent to which scholarly ideas concerning the nature of the human body and the causes of disease were preserved between the Latin texts and the English texts which were translated and compiled from them. The main way in which this has been carried out is through a comparative analysis of technical vocabulary, excluding botanical terms, in medical prose texts utilising the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus of texts, and a selection of printed editions of Latin texts which seem to have been the most likely sources of medical knowledge in Anglo- Saxon England. As a prerequisite to this comparative methodology it has been necessary to assemble a corpus of Latin textual parallels to the single most significant Old English medical text extant, namely Bald’s Leechbook. These parallels have been presented in an appendix alongside a transcript and translation of Bald’s Leechbook. A single question thus lies at the heart of this thesis: did Old English medical texts preserve any of the classical medical theories of late antiquity? In answering this question, a number of other significant findings have come to light. Most importantly, it is to be noted that modern scholarship is only now beginning to focus on the range of Late Antique and Byzantine medical texts available in Latin translation in the early medieval period, most notably for our present purposes Alexander of Tralles, but also Oribasius, Galen, pseudo-Galen and several Latin recensions of the works of Soranus of Ephesus, including the so-called Liber Esculapii and Liber Aurelii. The linguistic study further demonstrates that the technical language of these texts was very well understood and closely studied in Anglo-Saxon England, the vernacular material not only providing excellent readings of abstruse Latin technical vocabulary, but also demonstrating a substantial knowledge of technical terms of Greek origin which survive in the Latin texts. Declarations I declare that this thesis is all my own work, that it contains no material already used for comparable purposes and that it gives full reference to sources used according to the Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic Department style sheet, and that volume 1 of the thesis falls within the prescribed word-count. Conan Doyle 4 Jan 2011 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Debby Banham of Newnham College, for her patient encouragement and direction. I would like to thank Katherine E. Miller for her patient and thorough proofreading and James M. Doyle for proof-reading my translation of Bald’s Leechbook in the Appendices. I would like to thank all the academic and administrative staff of the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, especially Prof. Russell for encouraging me to dabble in Greek when necessary. In the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science I would like to thank Dr Lauren Kassell for encouraging me to participate in medical history and ‘Generation to Reproduction’ seminars. From the ‘Latin Therapy’ seminar I would specifically like to thank Prof. Nick Jardine and Dr Jenny Rampling, and Dr Banham again for their friendly and tireless support in grappling with technical Latin. I should also like to thank Mr Peter Jones of King’s College, and Prof. Lea Olsan of the University of Louisiana Monroe. ii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Methodology 21 Chapter 2: The Corpus of Old English Medical Texts 35 Chapter 3: The Latin Medical Corpus 57 Chapter 4: Anatomical Vocabulary 80 Chapter 5: Old English Physiological Vocabulary 121 Chapter 6: Pathology and Disease Terminology 197 Conclusion 247 Bibliography 259 iii Bibliographic Abbreviations ANQ American Notes and Queries ANS Anglo-Norman Studies ASE Anglo-Saxon England ASPR Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records BDASP Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa CCSL Corpus Christianorum series Latina CML Corpus Medicorum Latinorum CSASE Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England DOE Dictionary of Old English: A to H online, http://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doe/ DOEC Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, http://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doecorpus/ EEMF Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile EETS OS Early English Text Society, Original Series EETS SS Early English Text Society, Supplementary Series ES English Studies JHM Journal of the History of Medicine LSLM Lateinische Sprache und Literatur des Mittelalters N&Q Notes and Queries OEN Old English Newsletter RS Rolls Series SAM Studies in Ancient Medicine SHM Social History of Medicine PL Patrologia Latina Primary Source Title Abbreviations BLB Bald’s Leechbook Lexical analysis in this volume is based on the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus which follows T. O. Cockayne, ed., Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England. Being a Collection of Documents, for the Most Part Never Before Printed, Illustrating the History of Science in this Country Before the Norman Conquest, RS 35, 3 vols. (London, 1864–6) II, 2–299. A new transcript, translation and Latin source study has been placed in the appendices. CDM Celsus, De medicina ed. Marx, F., A. Cornelii Celsi quae supersunt, CML 1 (Leipzig and Berlin, 1915). iv DHVL Antonius Musa, De herba uettonica liber, ed. E. Howald and H.E. Sigerist in their Antonii Musae de herba uettonica liber. Pseudoapulei herbarius anonymi de taxone liber. Sexti Placiti liber medicinae ex animalibus etc., CML 4 (Leipzig and Berlin, 1927). De moro Treatise on the mulberry tree, anomalously inserted into Liber medicinae ex animalibus, text from De Vriend’s parallel text of the Medicina de Quadrupedibus. Eup. Oribasius, Euporistes, ed. Mollinier, A. in Oeuvres d’Oribase, ed. U. C. Bussemaker and C. Daremberg, Collection des médecins grecs et latins, 6 vols. (Paris, 1851–76), V, 799–VI, 402. Gyn. Vindicianus, Gynaecia, ed. Rose, V., Theodori Prisciani Euporiston libri III cum Physicorum fragmento et additamentis Pseudo-Theodoris, accedunt Vindicani Afri quae feruntur reliquiae (Leipzig, 1894), pp. 427–66. Herb. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarius, ed. Howald and Sigerist, in Herbarius, pp. 22–225. HN Pliny, Historia naturalis ed. von Jan, L.and K. F. T. Mayhoff, C. Plini Secundi Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII, Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (Leipzig, 1967–70) Lacn. Old English Lacnunga ed. Pettit, E., Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms and Prayers from BL MS Harley 585: the Lacnunga, Mellen Critical Editions and Translations 6, 2 vols.