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Palinotaxonomia De Espécies Brasileiras De Gesneriaceae, Com Ênfase Nas Ocorrentes No Estado De São Paulo

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Palinotaxonomia De Espécies Brasileiras De Gesneriaceae, Com Ênfase Nas Ocorrentes No Estado De São Paulo EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO Palinotaxonomia de espécies brasileiras de Gesneriaceae, com ênfase nas ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO 2008 EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO Palinotaxonomia de espécies brasileiras de Gesneriaceae, com ênfase nas ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADORA: DRA. MARIA AMÉLIA VITORINO DA CRUZ-BARROS CO-ORIENTADOR: DR. ALAIN CHAUTEMS Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Gasparino, Eduardo Custódio G249p Palinotaxonomia de espécies brasileiras de Gesneriaceae, com ênfase nas ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo / Eduardo Custódio Gasparino -- São Paulo, 2008. 197 p.il. Tese (Doutorado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2008 Bibliografia. 1. Pólen. 2. Palinotaxonomia. 3. Gesneriaceae. I. Título CDU : 581.33 Alfa, Ômega... princípio e fim, sim Ele é... sim Ele é.... Lírio dos vales, estrela da manhã, para sempre cantarei o Seu amor!!! À Ele a glória, À Ele o louvor, à Ele o domínio... Ele é o Senhor Aos meus pais, Luzia Custódia Pereira Gasparino e Francisco Gasparino, dedico. À minha Orientadora Dra. Maria Amélia Obrigado por todos os ensinamentos, pela amizade, dedicação e pela orientação de todos estes anos e em especial nesta Tese. Sempre amiga e companheira, com você aprendi os caminhos da nossa pesquisa. Você é uma pessoal especial na minha vida! Obrigado pelo carinho, pela compreensão, pelas palavras amigas e por ser tão presente me ajudando nos momentos mais difíceis. Que Deus ilumine sempre o seu caminho, trazendo paz e alegria !!! AGRADECIMENTOS ESPECIAIS Ao meu coorientador Dr. Alain Chautems, por toda a ajuda e auxílio durante a Tese, com seus conhecimentos sobre a Taxonomia de Gesneriaceae. Obrigado pela amizade, compreensão e por todos os ensinamentos. Aos pesquisadores da Seção de Dicotiledôneas, Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz e Luciano Maurício Esteves, por toda amizade, convivência e ensinamentos. À Jovelina Maria de Vasconcellos, por todo carinho, ajuda, orações e amizade. A todos os estagiários que por estes anos passaram pela nossa seção, pela ajuda e pelos momentos de bom convívio. À Priscila Rodrigues, estagiária e amiga, que com sua calma, alegria e simplicidade, não mediu esforços pra ajudar durante todo o trabalho e em especial na sua fase final. À amiga e pesquisadora Angela Maria da Silva Correa, por toda amizade, ajuda preciosa e ensinamentos. Ao pesquisador e amigo Fábio de Barros, por toda ajuda, apoio e leitura crítica de partes do trabalho. A amiga Elaine Lima Silva por toda ajuda, carinho e alegria. Obrigado por compartilhar estes anos de estágios comigo. À minha família, meus pais Luzia e Francisco, meus irmãos Adriano e Marcelo, por todo amor e apoio, por acreditarem em mim e terem colaborado em todos os momentos da minha vida, trazendo paz, alegria e tranqüilidade ao meu coração. Vocês foram a força que me ajudou a vencer os obstáculos! Obrigado também as minhas tias e as madrinhas Djanira e Odete, pelo incentivo e orações. Às amigas de coração e alma, Luciane Crossetti, Andréa de Araujo e Andréia Lorigiola, sempre presentes trazendo incentivo, apoio, sabedoria e auxilio em todos os momentos, por toda colaboração e lição de vida. Ao Danilo e a Glaucia, meus grandes amigos e minha família em São Paulo, obrigado por todo carinho, e apoio. Obrigado também, minhas amigas Kênia Alves e Fabiana Giraldelli, por toda força, carinho, incentivo e pensamento positivo mesmo distantes. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo nas pesssoas da Diretora Geral Dra. Vera Lúcia Bononi e da Diretora da Divisão de Fitotaxonomia Dr. Maria das Graças Lapa Vanderley. Ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente nas pessoas da Dra. Solange Cristina Mazzoni Viveiros e Dra. Sônia Dietrich, e a todos os docentes e alunos, em especial a secretária Márcia Regina Angelo, e ao Antônio, sempre dispostos a auxiliar em todos os momentos. À Capes por ter concedido o apoio financeiro ao meu projeto. À Chefia da Seção de Dicotiledôneas do Instituto de Botânica, onde desenvolvi todo o trabalho do doutorado, contando com apoio dos laboratórios, equipamentos, funcionários e estagiários. Aos curadores dos herbários visitados, pela disponibilidade do material, em especial aos pesquisadores e estagiários da Seção de Curadoria do Herbário, do Instituto de Botânica por toda a ajuda durante este trabalho. Em especial às Dra. Gerleni Esteves, Dra. Rosângela Simão-Bianchini, Dra. Cíntia Kameyama e a doutoranda Fátima Otavina. Aos funcionários do Xerox e da Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica. À Seção de Microscopia eletrônica de transmissão do Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal do Instituto Biológico nas pessoas da MSc. Silvia Regina Galleti e Ricardo Lombardi. A amiga Andréa Onofre Araujo, por toda a ajuda com as “gloxínias”, pelo carinho e dedicação com o nosso trabalho. E ao Mauro Peixoto, pela disponibilidade dos materiais cultivados de Gesneriaceae, por toda hospitalidade e ajuda. Às amigas Bianca Alsina Moreira e Maria Isabel Tauil de Moura Guimarães, por toda amizade e pela grande companhia de laboratório. À pesquisadora e amiga Dra. Carla Ferraguti, por todo carinho e disposição em sempre ajudar. Aos meus amigos Cristiane Almeida e Rafael Louzada, obrigado por toda a amizade, carinho. E aos meus amigos de pós e de alojamento, Ana, Lili, Josi, Berta, Bel, Denilson, Juçara, Priscila, Luciana Canez, Luciana Gimenez, Diógina, Adriano, Patrícia, Angélica Barbero, Gisele, Sabrina, Barbara, Suzana, Iane, Fernanda Ferrari, Fernanda Ramlov, Maria Claudia, Sandra, Angélica, Taís, Daniela, Fernanda Karsted, Júnior, Anderson, por todo convívio e momentos felizes. À Paula Tatiana, pelo carinho e por estar sempre presente. À Cássia, pela alegria e incentivo. À Aline Paulino e Rodrigo Elias, pela receptividade em Cuiabá, e pela amizade. À minha amiga Alessandra Ferreira, pelo convívio em São Paulo, pela ajuda e carinho. Ao Jarbas Carlos e ao Vanderley pelo incentivo. Aos meus amigos de Pontes Gestal Angela Elias, Kitty Alves, Enivaldo Costa, Cássia Nogueira, Simone Elias, Jussara Elias, Marcela Crespilho, Luis Henrique Cavassani, Luciene Poreto, Vagner Poreto, André Luis, Leandro Alves, Luciana Alves, Adriana Batista e as crianças Rafaela, Enry, Gabriel, Ítalo e ao meu afilhado Lucas. Ao meu amigo Martucci e aos amigos de Mirassol, Marcio Scandiucci, Marilize Martins, Samuel Amazonas, Carolina Bazetti, Cristiane Martins, e Emília Cardoso. Enfim, a todos que direta e indiretamente contribuíram para a realização desta Tese. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ................................................................................................... 01 CAPÍTULO I: Palinotaxonomia de Besleria L. e Napeanthus Gardn. (Beslerieae/Napeantheae – Gesneriaceae) com ênfase nas espécies ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo Introdução .................................................................................................................. 17 Material e Métodos .................................................................................................... 19 Resultados ................................................................................................................. 22 Discussão ................................................................................................................... 33 Literatura Citada ........................................................................................................ 37 CAPÍTULO II: Estudo polínico em espécies brasileiras das tribos Gloxinieae e Sphaerorrhizeae (Gesnerioideae – Gesneriaceae) Introdução .................................................................................................................. 45 Material e Métodos .................................................................................................... 47 Resultados ................................................................................................................. 49 Discussão ................................................................................................................... 67 Referências ................................................................................................................ 74 CAPÍTULO III: Palinotaxonomia de Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst. e Nematanthus Schrader (Gesneriaceae - Episcieae) ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo Introdução .................................................................................................................. 82 Material e Métodos .................................................................................................... 84 Resultados ................................................................................................................. 88 Discussão ..................................................................................................................... 126 Referências ................................................................................................................... 132 CAPÍTULO IV: Palinologia
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