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Elisa Silva Cândido UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA ELISA SILVA CÂNDIDO Systematics of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae): Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema in Brazil and Phylogeny Sistemática de Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae): Sinopse Taxônomica de Eriosema no Brasil e Filogenia CAMPINAS 2018 ELISA SILVA CÂNDIDO Systematics of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae): Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema in Brazil and Phylogeny Sistemática de Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae): Sinopse Taxônomica de Eriosema no Brasil e Filogenia Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in PLANT BIOLOGY Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em BIOLOGIA VEGETAL ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA ELISA SILVA CÂNDIDO E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. VIDAL DE FREITAS MANSANO. Orientador: Vidal de Freitas Mansano Co-orientadora: Ana Paula Fortuna Perez CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): FAPESP, 2015/13386-0; CNPq, 400567/2016-4 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Cândido, Elisa Silva, 1984- C161s C_oSystematics of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) : taxonomic synopsis of Eriosema in Brazil and phylogeny / Elisa Silva Cândido. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. C_oOrientador: Vidal de Freitas Mansano. C_oCoorientador: Ana Paula Fortuna Perez. C_oTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. C_o1. Filogenia. 2. Fabaceae. 3. Taxonomia vegetal. 4. Savanas. 5. Rhynchosia. I. Mansano, Vidal de Freitas. II. Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. IV. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Sistemática de Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) : sinopse taxonômica de Eriosema no Brasil e filogenia Palavras-chave em inglês: Phylogeny Fabaceae Plant taxonomy Savannas Rhynchosia Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Doutora em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: Vidal de Freitas Mansano [Orientador] Rafael Barbosa Pinto Ingrid Koch Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu Data de defesa: 14-09-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 14 de Setembro de 2018. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Vidal de Freitas Mansano Prof. Dr. Rafael Barbosa Pinto Profa. Dra. Ingrid Koch Dr. Leandro Cardoso Pederneiras Dr. Gustavo Hiroaki Shimizu Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. Dedico esta tese aos meus amados pais, José Donizete e Maria Aparecida, e minha irmã, Naiara, pelo amor incondicional e apoio fundamental para minha vida feliz. Amo vocês. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à Ana Paula Fortuna Perez por me acalmar nas horas mais tensas e difíceis e me incentivar nos momentos de estagnação. E ainda, por me confiar um projeto de tão profundo apreço. Agradeço também toda a sua família por me receberem muitas vezes em Campinas e me auxiliarem em muitos momentos, inclusive no momento da matrícula do doutorado. Ao Vidal Mansano, por aceitar me orientar, mesmo me conhecendo tão pouco. Sem o seu aceite eu não poderia ter me matriculado na UNICAMP. Vocês dois, cada um a seu modo, me mostram como ser profissionais éticos, exemplares e amorosos com o que fazem. Sinto um imenso orgulho de fazer parte desta história com vocês e serei sempre grata pela amizade, experiências e ensinamentos compartilhados. Muito obrigada por tudo! Agradeço à CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ e principalmente à FAPESP 2015/13386-0, pelo fomento durante meu doutorado e a elaboração deste trabalho, por meio de bolsa de estudo, taxa de bancada e financiamentos destinados a este projeto. Ao prêmio Rupert Barneby 2016 por apoiar minha viagem à Nova Iorque e possibilitar minha visita ao NYBG. Agradeço especialmente ao Benjamin Torke, Douglas Daly e a Lisa Fruscella por me auxiliarem todo o tempo que eu estive no New York Botanical Garden. Agradeço aos membros da banca e da pré-banca pela disponibilidade e sugestões dadas ao meu trabalho. Aos doutores Leandro Pederneiras, Maria Fernanda Calió e Ana Tozzi por participarem da banca de qualificação e por todas as sugestões neste período. Ao Dr. Mohammad Vatanparast, por todas as conversas, as sugestões e contribuições no trabalho de filogenia e, principalmente, pela realização das análises com extrema eficiência. Agradeço à UNICAMP, ao Instituto de Biologia, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal por todo o suporte fornecido para a realização deste trabalho. Muito obrigada a toda a equipe e todos os funcionários. Especialmente à Maria Roseli de Melo, da secretaria da pós- graduação e o Augusto Tedeschi Leão, do SAIP-IB, por serem extremamente eficientes, compreensivos e gentis. Ao Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, a todos os professores por todas as experiências e os ensinamentos durante as disciplinas e nas horas de convivência no laboratório. Por manterem o contato próximo com os alunos e terem a disponibilidade da troca de ideias. Em especial a professora Ana Tozzi e o professor André Simões, que também fazem parte deste trabalho e sempre colaboraram e me auxiliaram em todos os momentos na UNICAMP. Agradeço à UNESP/Botucatu por toda estrutura utilizada, principalmente o herbário BOTU e o LaPAV, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anatomia Vegetal. Aos professores da UNESP/Botucatu que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus colegas do Departamento de Biologia Vegetal e do PPGBV, pela convivência, pelas trocas de experiências e todo o auxílio prestado para a realização desta tese e de toda minha trajetória no doutorado. Obrigada por manterem o laboratório como um ambiente tão colaborativo, harmônico, saudável e engraçado. Isso influenciou diretamente no meu rendimento e ânimo para o trabalho diário. Em especial agradeço os amigos Rafael Barbosa Pinto e Gustavo Shimizu. Vocês participaram ativamente de várias etapas deste trabalho! Contem sempre comigo, para a vida! Aos colegas de Botucatu por sempre me receberem tão bem e serem agradáveis e prestativos todas as vezes que estive lá. Em especial as amigas Luísa Bezerra e Wanderleia Vargas, por também fazerem parte deste trabalho e por todo o auxílio no laboratório, na construção das planilhas, tabelas, pranchas, todas as conversas e ideias trocadas, o apoio em todos os momentos e pela amizade sincera. Muito obrigada meninas! Aos amigos de Ouro Preto, principalmente os do herbário OUPR, Viviane Scalon, Cristina Messias, Laís Zeferino, Ambar Soldevila, Isabella Fantini, Luiz Guilherme Vieira e o querido, amado e inesquecível, Jorge... uma luz que brilhará eternamente! Agradeço os curadores de todos os herbários visitados, aos que enviaram fotografias e empréstimo de materiais para realização desta tese. Em especial aos curadores e funcionários dos herbários que contribuíram com muitas amostras de espécies para a filogenia, como K, NYBG, S, SI, P, PRE, BOTU e OUPR. Ao Cajaninae Time! Agradeço todo o auxílio, o aprendizado e a amizade! O trabalho em grupo é essencial ao crescimento profissional e pessoal! Sem a parceria de todos vocês este trabalho não existiria! A todas as pessoas que me ajudaram de alguma forma nas expedições de campo pelo Brasil. Agradeço à Lola por passar muitas tardes das suas férias no laboratório comigo, deixando o ambiente mais feliz, engraçado e motivador. E, principalmente, por ajudar minha caminhada de autoconhecimento de forma tão profunda. Ao meu melhor companheiro de aventuras, Alan Bernardes, por todo o suporte, carinho, amor, sinceridade, compreensão, paciência, amizade, cumplicidade, troca, conhecimento e tudo mais que está envolvido em uma história bonita de amor profundo e verdadeiro! Obrigada por fazer parte da minha caminhada! Agradeço à minha família, principalmente meus pais e minha irmã, por mesmo de longe estarem tão próximos! Aprendemos que a presença é importante, mas o amor sincero é essencial e é ele que faz cada um de vocês estarem presente em meu coração todos os dias! Sem vocês eu não seria tão feliz e não teria chegado até aqui. Amo vocês. Agradeço a todas as pessoas que encontrei pela vida no decorrer destes anos! “Eu deixo e recebo um tanto...” RESUMO Eriosema (DC.) Desv. compreende cerca de 150 espécies, pertence à subtribo Cajaninae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) e possui distribuição pantropical, com dois centros de diversidade, um no continente Africano (110 espécies), e o outro nas Américas (41 espécies). Há ainda Eriosema chinense que ocorre no Sudeste da Ásia e Austrália. As espécies do gênero são caracterizadas morfologicamente pelas inflorescências em racemos axilares ou terminais com flores usualmente congestas, sementes com hilo linear e funículo apical inserido na extremidade terminal do hilo, além das estruturas secretoras peculiares, como tricomas de base bulbosa, tricomas de base secretora e as glândulas vesiculares, que são estruturas exclusivas da subtribo Cajaninae. As espécies ocorrem, preferencialmente, em ambientes savânicos tropicais, abarcando alguns dos ecossistemas mais ameaçados do planeta, os ambientes que ocorrem acima de 900 metros, como os campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaço, no centro-leste do Brasil, e as montanhas
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