DOCSLIB.ORG

Stratification of Vegetation in the Barpeta District of Assam, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stratification of Vegetation in the Barpeta District of Assam, India Pleione 9(2): 325 - 347. 2015. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Stratification of Vegetation in the Barpeta District of Assam, India K. K. Sarmah1 and S. K. Borthakur2 Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781 014 Assam, India 1Department of Botany, B. B. K. College, Nagaon, Barpeta, 781 311, Assam, India 2Corresponding author. e.mail: [email protected] [Received 25.10.2015; Revised 14.12.2015; Accepted 15.12.2015; Published 31.12.2015] Abstract Study carried out in the Barpeta district of Assam, India during the years 2011 – 2013 to record the stratification pattern in its vegetation recorded the presence of 722 Angiospermic taxa of species and infra-specific ranks. Of these, 546 species were dicotyledonous belonging to 346 genera from 101 families and the remaining 176 taxa were monocotyledonous belonging to 94 genera under 20 families. Different species were found to occur in nearly well demarcated horizontal layers especially in the areas covered by natural vegetation inside the Manas National Park. The remaining areas were characterized by open and scattered vegetation. These plants were found to represent 4 horizontal zones viz. canopy, middle storey, under-storey/shrub and the ground layer, accounting for 68, 107,138 and 409 species and infra-specific taxa respectively. Evidently shrubs and ground layer elements were found to much outnumber the remaining categories thus indicating a good extent of anthropogenic interference in the study area. Key words: Assam, Barpeta District, Angiosperms, stratification INTRODUCTION Economic development of a country without plant utilization is quite unthinkable (Guha & Chattoraj 2009). The economic activities of man are greatly influenced by forests. Being the major component of vegetation of India, the Angiosperms are expected to bear much influence in this regard. Study of these plants is very important as the information gathered in such studies on any aspect of vegetation of the country is expected to become invaluable for formulating different plans by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (Anonymous 2015). Study of plant community is an important aspect of research as it provides many important positive results. It is because a given plant community is always an orderly arrangement of organisms having certain trophic relationships amongst themselves. Determination of the degree of productivity and also of capacity of a given plant community to support a particular animal community are among the findings of such studies. The organized nature of plant species in a community can distinctly be observed in their vertical arrangement. The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is the stratification or layering. The latter indicates the configuration of the given vegetation type (Ambasht & Ambasht 2004) The present day Assam, being a part of the Eastern Himalayas, is located within the Himalaya Biodiversity Hotspot. With limited scope of mineral based industrialization, the State is having no other alternative but to opt for agro-based economy. For this purpose, 326 Vegetation stratification in Barpeta District detailed study of the vegetation of Assam is necessary. The present study was carried out with this background as stratification indicates the nature of vegetation and also the relative number of different categories of plants with their utilitarian potential. The district of Barpeta in Assam was selected as the study area as it is contiguous with the foot-hill region of Bhutan Himalaya in the north and encompasses a short stretch of the mighty river Brahmaputra in the south and as such the study area was expected to serve the objective of the present study. Barpeta district, with an area of 3245 sq km (before the creation of BTAD) lies between 26 o 6' - 26o51' N. latitudes and 90 o 38' -91o21' E. longitudes with altitudes ranging between 40 – 81 m AMSL (Anonymous 2009). The district represents a nearly uniform but low-lying plain with numerous water-bodies like rivers, ‘beels’, swamps, ponds, pools, etc. Inundation by flood is almost an annual disaster (Plate – I: Fig. - 5). The area is almost inhabited by rural people. High fertility of soil is mainly responsible for its meagre urbanization. It is dominated by countryside with vast stretches of cultivated fields that indicates intense biotic interference (Plate – I: Figs. - 3, 5). The vegetation of the study area, as a whole, was found to be characterized by 10 different types viz., Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest (Plate - I: Fig.-2), Tropical Deciduous Forest (Plate – I: Fig.-3), Riparian Forest, Tropical Grasslands (Plate - I: Fig.-4), Tropical Savannah, Swamp Vegetation, Aquatic Vegetation, Roadside Vegetation (Plate – I: Fig.-6), Plants of Household Compound and Vegetation of ‘Char’ Areas (Champion 1935; Rowntree 1954; Rajkhowa 1961; Rao & Panigrahi 1961; Champion & Seth 1968; Rao 1974 and Jain & Hajra 1975). Area under natural vegetation was very limited due to extensive anthropogenic interference. The present study was carried out with the sole objective of providing a preliminary account of the overall stratification pattern. In order to maintain brevity, detailed phytosociological study was avoided and as such it was not possible to record any overlapping species among the layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present work was started with consultation of relevant literature (Rajkhowa 1961; Pandey 2008; Guha & Chattoraj 2009; Anonymous 2009, 2015). Extensive exploration accompanied by collection of specimens was carried out for around 2 years at intervals of 4 – 6 months so as to cover all the seasons. Only the terrestrial Angiosperms were selected for the work as they were the most important and dominant components of the vegetation of the study area. Minute observation was made to record all available morphological features including habit, habitat and height. Herbarium specimens were prepared by following the techniques of Jain & Rao (1977). Families were delimited according to the sequential arrangements of Bentham and Hooker’s (1862 – 1883) system followed by adoption of recent modifications (Basak 1983). Identification of herbarium specimens was carried out through direct consultation with herbarium sheets in ASSAM, Shillong. Relevant literature was consulted whenever necessary (Hooker 1872 – 1897; Kanjilal et al. 1934 – 1940; Bor 1940; Santapau 1964; Barooah & Borthakur 2003). Names were initially checked for any change by consulting Bennet (1987) and then confirmed from www.theplantlist.org. Identified specimens were deposited in the GUBH Herbarium. For convenience, plants were grouped into four horizontal layers viz., canopy, middle storey, under-storey/shrub and ground layers (Appendices I & II; Plate – I: Figs. - 1, 2). For this purpose, the grouping of life-forms proposed by Raunkiaer (1934) was employed along K.K. Sarmah & S.K. Borthakur 327 with the height of the plants (Raunkiaer 1934; Ambasht & Ambasht 2002). All the 5 major life forms viz., Phanerophytes, Chamaephytes, Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes and Therophytes were taken into account including the three subcategories of Phanerophytes viz., Mesophanerophytes, Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes. The subcategory named ‘Megaphanerophytes’ was omitted due to absence of plants of that height. After going through the above mentioned criteria, the Angiospermic plants of the study area were delimited into four distinct horizontal strata as follows: Canopy Layer: Plants of 8 to 30 metres high, usually including the mesophanerophytes; Middle Layer: Plants of 3 to 8 metres high, usually including the microphanerophytes; Under-storey/Shrub Layer: Plants of 1.5 to 3 metres high, mostly comprising the nanophanerophytes; Ground Layer: Plants bellow 1.5 metres high, usually represented by herbs and under-shrubs belonging to chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, geophytes and therophytes. Stratification was recorded in detail for the study area as a whole with an intention to provide a glimpse of the relative numerical strength of different taxa in their respective horizontal layer. A detailed composition of stratification was recorded for a natural forest type viz., ‘Tropical Semi-evergreen Forest’ (Plate – I: Fig. 2) as an example of occurrence of typical stratification. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study resulted in the recognition of 722 Angiospermic species and infra-specific taxa out of which 546 were dicotyledonous belonging to 346 genera under 101 families while the remaining 176 monocotyledonous elements belonged to 94 genera under 20 families. Evidently the study area was found to possess a rich floristic diversity (Appendix-II; Plate – I: Figs.-1, 2, 3, 4 & 6). Stratification was clearly observed only in two vegetation types viz., ‘Tropical Semi- Table – 1. Number of Angiospermic Species and Infra-specific Taxa Belonging to Different Life-forms LIFE-FORMS ANGIOSPERMIC SPECIES & INFRASPECIFIC TAXA TOTAL DICOTYLEDONS MONOCOTYLEDONS (101 Families, 346 Genera) (20 Families, 94 Genera) Mesophanerophytes 61 02 63 (11.17% of M; 8.42% of H) (8.70% of H) Microphanerophytes 118 08 126 (21.61% of M; 16.30% of H) (17.40% of H) Nanophanerophytes 140 00 140 (25.64% of M; 19.33% of H) (19.34% of H) Chamaephytes 16 02 18 (2.49% of H) Hemicryptophytes 02 57 59 (32.02% of N; 7.87% of (8.14% of H) H) Cryptophytes/ 01 78 79 Geophytes (43.82% of N; 10.77% of H) (10.91% of H) Therophytes 208 29 237 (38.07% of M; 28.72% of H) (17.41% of N; 4.48% of H (33.01% of H) TOTAL 546 (M) 176 (N) 722 (H) (75.41% of H) (24.58% of H) (121 Families, 440 Genera) 328 Vegetation stratification in Barpeta District 1 2 3 4 5 6 PLATE – I: Fig. – 1. Number of species & infra-specific taxa in different layers of stratification; Fig. – 2. Stratification in Tropical Semi-evergreen Forest in MNP; Fig. – 3. Vast tract of cultivated field near Barpeta town; Fig. – 4. Grassland inside MNP near Bansbari Range office; Fig. – 5. Cultivated field under flood near Pathsala town; Fig. – 6. Rich growth of roadside vegetation at Keotkuchi, near Barpeta town. Evergreen Forests’ (Appendix- I; Plate – I: Fig. - 2) and ‘Tropical Deciduous Forests’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • 20. Tribe DESMODIEAE 116. TRIFIDACANTHUS Merrill, Philipp
    20. Tribe DESMODIEAE 山蚂蝗族 shan ma huang zu Huang Puhua (黄普华 Huang Pu-hwa); Hiroyoshi Ohashi, Yu Iokawa, Tomoyuki Nemoto Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or twining. Leaves pinnately 3(–9)-foliolate or 1-foliolate; stipules mostly striate; stipels present or sometimes absent. Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes or arranged into a panicle, rarely an umbel or fascicle. Calyx 4- or 5- toothed or 2-lipped. Wings equal to or exceeding keel and often adherent to it near base. Vexillary filament free or connate with others, sometimes forming a closed tube; anthers uniform. Legumes transversely jointed, sometimes of only 1 article, or rarely 2- valved. Seeds without a strophiole, rarely arillate. About 30 genera and 520–530 species: distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions, but extending into the cool-temperate and sub-boreal regions of E Asia and North America; 18 genera and 139 species (42 endemic, four introduced) in China. 1a. Stipels absent, rarely present; legumes 1-jointed, 1-seeded, not glochidiate. 2a. Lateral veins of leaflets strict, extending to margin; stipules large, ovate, strongly ribbed ........................... 133. Kummerowia 2b. Lateral veins of leaflets arcuate, not reaching to margin; stipules small, subulate. 3a. Bracts 1-flowered, usually caducous; pedicels articulate below calyx; keel falcate, acute ................... 131. Campylotropis 3b. Bracts 2-flowered, persistent; pedicels not articulate; keel strict, obtuse ..................................................... 132. Lespedeza 1b. Stipels present; legumes usually glochidiate, 2- to several jointed, rarely 1-jointed, 1-seeded. 4a. Branch nodes with 3-fid, hard spines; leaves 1-foliolate ............................................................................... 116. Trifidacanthus 4b. Branch nodes without 3-fid, hard spines; leaves 3(–9)-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Angiospermic Flora of Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 187-207, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF RAJKANDI RESERVE FOREST OF MOULVIBAZAR, BANGLADESH 1 2 A.K.M. KAMRUL HAQUE , SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, SARDER NASIR UDDIN AND SHAYLA SHARMIN SHETU Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Checklist; Angiosperms; Rajkandi Reserve Forest; Moulvibazar. Abstract This study was carried out to provide the baseline data on the composition and distribution of the angiosperms and to assess their current status in Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study reports a total of 549 angiosperm species belonging to 123 families, 98 (79.67%) of which consisting of 418 species under 316 genera belong to Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons), and the remaining 25 (20.33%) comprising 132 species of 96 genera to Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Rubiaceae with 30 species is recognized as the largest family in Magnoliopsida followed by Euphorbiaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 22 species; whereas, in Lilliopsida Poaceae with 32 species is found to be the largest family followed by Cyperaceae and Araceae with 17 and 15 species, respectively. Ficus is found to be the largest genus with 12 species followed by Ipomoea, Cyperus and Dioscorea with five species each. Rajkandi Reserve Forest is dominated by the herbs (284 species) followed by trees (130 species), shrubs (125 species), and lianas (10 species). Woodlands are found to be the most common habitat of angiosperms. A total of 387 species growing in this area are found to be economically useful. 25 species listed in Red Data Book of Bangladesh under different threatened categories are found under Lower Risk (LR) category in this study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Dendrolobium Triangulare, Desmodium Gangeticum, Desmodium Heterocarpon, and Tadehagi Triquetrum)
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.2(1):52-69, 2009 Research Article Genetic relationships among accessions of four species of Desmodium and allied genera (Dendrolobium triangulare, Desmodium gangeticum, Desmodium heterocarpon, and Tadehagi triquetrum) Bettina Heider1*, Elke Fischer1, Tanja Berndl1, and Rainer Schultze-Kraft1,2 1Institute for Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany *E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia Abstract Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to assess the genetic relatedness among accessions of four species of Desmodium and allied genera (Dendrolobium triangulare, Desmodium gangeticum, Desmodium heterocarpon ssp. heterocarpon, and Tadehagi triquetrum) originating from Northeast Vietnam. Since information on the genetic diversity of these species is deficient, the creation of baseline data is an important means for the development of more sustainable and cost-efficient conservation approaches which eventually result in more comprehensive ex situ germplasm collections. The species analyzed are native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, and Oceania and possess a potential as forage and/or medicinal plants. Moderate levels of inter-accession diversity represented by 37.5% and 33.3% of polymorphic fragments (P%) and average Jaccard’s similarity coefficients (JSCs) of 0.60 and 0.64 were found in D. heterocarpon and T. triquetrum, respectively, while moderate to high levels were detected in D. triangulare (P% = 52.9 and JSC = 0.61) and D. gangeticum (P% = 34.5 and JSC = 0.49). Mantel tests failed to reveal a correlation between geographic and genetic distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Amarkand: a Comprehensive Review on Its Ethnopharmacology, Nutritional Aspects, and Taxonomy
    Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology www.jicep.com Review Article DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160324054420 Amarkand: A comprehensive review on its ethnopharmacology, nutritional aspects, and taxonomy Aarti Nilesh Narkhede1, Deepak Mahadeo Kasote2, Aniket Arun Kuvalekar1, Abhay Madhukar Harsulkar1, Suresh Dyandeo Jagtap1 1Department of Herbal ABSTRACT Medicine, Interactive In India, the term “Amarkand” is commonly used for around 30 different plant species belonging to genus Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Eulophia (Orchidaceae). This single local name Amarkand to different taxonomical species creates uncertainty Vidyapeeth Deemed about its ethnomedical and nutritional claims. In the present article, we have reviewed available literature University, Pune, regarding ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, taxonomy, nutritional, and pharmacological studies of different Maharashtra, India, Amarkand species. The literature was searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science 2Department of Plant databases. Some textbooks and reference books were also used to collect information about traditional and Molecular and Metabolic ethnopharmacological records. Amarkand species have been used as a remedy for the treatment of various engineering, School of diseases such as diarrhea, stomach pain, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, sexual impotency, Biotechnology, Yeungnam tuberculosis, and so on. Nutritionally, Amarkand is considered as an excellent food for children and convalescents. University, Gyeongsan, Recent
    [Show full text]
  • Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
    Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1
    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-Fixing Clade1 Authors: Jiang, Wei, He, Hua-Jie, Lu, Lu, Burgess, Kevin S., Wang, Hong, et. al. Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(2) : 171-229 Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden Press URL: https://doi.org/10.3417/2019337 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Annals-of-the-Missouri-Botanical-Garden on 01 Apr 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS Volume 104 Annals Number 2 of the R 2019 Missouri Botanical Garden EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Wei Jiang,2,3,7 Hua-Jie He,4,7 Lu Lu,2,5 POLLEN. 7. NITROGEN-FIXING Kevin S. Burgess,6 Hong Wang,2* and 2,4 CLADE1 De-Zhu Li * ABSTRACT Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Gori River Basin Substate BSAP
    A BIODIVERSITY LOG AND STRATEGY INPUT DOCUMENT FOR THE GORI RIVER BASIN WESTERN HIMALAYA ECOREGION DISTRICT PITHORAGARH, UTTARANCHAL A SUB-STATE PROCESS UNDER THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN INDIA BY FOUNDATION FOR ECOLOGICAL SECURITY MUNSIARI, DISTRICT PITHORAGARH, UTTARANCHAL 2003 SUBMITTED TO THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................ 4 The authoring institution. ........................................................................................................... 4 The scope. .................................................................................................................................. 5 A DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ............................................................................... 9 The landscape............................................................................................................................. 9 The People ............................................................................................................................... 10 THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE GORI RIVER BASIN. ................................................ 15 A brief description of the biodiversity values. ......................................................................... 15 Habitat and community representation in flora. .......................................................................... 15 Species richness and life-form
    [Show full text]
  • An Important Medicinal Plant
    Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 4(8), 67-72 (2017) International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology Volume 4 ● Number 8 (August-2017) ● ISSN: 2349-8080 (Online) Journal homepage: www.ijcrbp.com Original Research Article doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2017.408.009 Antifungal Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Phyllodium pulchellum L. Desv.- An Important Medicinal Plant Gopal Velmurugan* and Subramaniam Parvathi Anand PG and Research Department of Botany, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620 001, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author. A bs t r ac t Article Info Phyllodium pulchellum L. Desv. is an subshrub, belongs to the fabaceae family. The Accepted: 18 July 2017 present study has been attempted to antifungal activity and quantitative phytochemical Available Online: 06 August 2017 analysis of the leaf of P. pulchellum. The plant extracted with different organic solvents viz., aqueous, chloroform and ethanol. Antifungal activity of the leaf extract against some K e yw or ds pathogenic fungus like Aspergillus nigar, Pencillium notatum, Rhizhotonia solani and Colletotrichum falcatum. The inhibitory effect of leaf distillates was compared with the Antifungal activity standard fluconazole. Quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed using standard Fabaceae procedures. The ethanol leaf extracts of P. pulchellum showed maximum activity against Phyllodium pulchellum Aspergillus niger, followed by Colletotrichum falcatum, Penicillium notatum and Phytochemicals Rhizoctonia solani. The ethanolic extract showed higher level of phenol (88.68±2.081 mg/g), flavonoid (71.33±4.172 mg/g) tannin (30.23±3.025 mg/g) and than the other extracts which having secondary metabolites. These findings provide scientific evidence to support the traditional use of Phyllodium pulchellum and also indicate that the leaf of this species are a promising potential for the development of quantitative phytochemical and antifungal agent.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 General Introduction -Like -Like ) and (Wight Derris Seem to Be Seem Like Taxa Brachypterum -Like Taxa
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22521 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Sirichamorn, Yotsawate Title: Systematics and biogeography of Aganope, Brachypterum and Derris (Fabaceae) in Asia Issue Date: 2013-11-28 Chapter 1 General Introduction Aganope, Brachypterum and Derris: Systematics and Biogeography - Chapter 1 General Introduction One of the major problems left in the classification of tribe Millettieae of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) concerns the Derris-like taxa. Up to now every researcher had different solutions, some would unite all taxa into a single genus, others divided them into several genera. The purpose of this thesis is to tackle the problems at various levels and from different viewpoints. The species will be defined first, after which their phylogeny based on molecular and morphological data will be inferred. The resulting phylogeny will form the basis for a new and less subjective 1 classification. Finally, the biogeographic history of the taxa will be analysed. This General Introduction introduction provides general information of palaeotropic Derris-like taxa. General morphology, ecology and utility of the Asian Derris-like taxa “Derris-like taxa” contain members of the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae), characterized by their imparipinnate leaves with opposite leaflets and typical flat, usually winged, indehiscent pods. The plants have a pantropical distribution. According to the most recent generic circumscription proposed by Adema (2000), the Asian Derris-like taxa consist of the genera Aganope Miq., Derris Lour. [including Brachypterum (Wight & Arn.) Benth.] and Paraderris (Miq.) Geesink. Derris-like taxa are sometimes very similar because of their overlapping morphological features. Some species also show a high variation in morphological characters and a wide distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • For Enumeration of This Part a Linear Sequence of Lycophytes and Ferns After Christenhusz, M
    PTERIDOPHYTA For enumeration of this part A linear sequence of Lycophytes and Ferns after Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X.C. & Schneider, H. (2011) has been followed Subclass: Lycopodiidae Beketov (1863). Order: Selaginellales (1874). Selaginellaceae Willkomm, Anleit. Stud. Bot. 2: 163. 1854; Prodr. FI. Hisp. 1(1): 14. 1861. SELAGINELLA P. Beauvois, Megasin Encycl. 9: 478. 1804. Selaginella monospora Spring, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 24: 135. 1850; Monogr. Lyc. II:135. 1850; Alston, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 288, 1954; Alston, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sc. Ind. 11: 228. 1945; Reed, C.F., Ind. Sellaginellarum 160 – 161. 1966; Panigrahi et Dixit, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sc. Ind. 34B (4): 201, f.6. 1968; Kunio Iwatsuki in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 3: 168. 1972; Ghosh et al., Pter. Fl. East. Ind. 1: 127. 2004. Selaginella gorvalensis Spring, Monogr. Lyc. II: 256. 1850; Bak, Handb. Fern Allies 107. 1887; Selaginella microclada Bak, Jour. Bot. 22: 246. 1884; Selaginella plumose var. monospora (Spring) Bak, Jour. Bot. 21:145. 1883; Selaginella semicordata sensu Burkill, Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 228. 1925, non Spring. Plant up to 90 cm, main stem prostrate, rooting on all sides and at intervals, unequally tetragonal, main stem alternately branched 5 – 9 times, branching unequal, flexuous; leavesobscurely green, dimorphus, lateral leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, subacute, denticulate to serrulate at base. Spike short, quadrangular, sporophylls dimorphic, large sporophyls less than half as long as lateral leaves, oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, denticulate, small sporophylls dentate, ovate, acuminate. Fertile: October to January. Specimen Cited: Park, Rajib & AP Das 0521, dated 23. 07.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomyanddistributionof and Relatedgenera(Leguminosae
    ふふ什・ T 出川恥山引-ホ仏出比四声、三日士心勺ム{ 直一ゆ物取寸・打円 ，τ LZJ L8 d 同 4 d 1 ∞ 斗 ， d Taxonomy and Distribution of Desmodium and Related Related Genera (Leguminosae) in Malesia (11) Hiroyoshi Hiroyoshi OHASHI Botanical Botanical Garden ， Graduate School of Science ，Tohoku University ，Sendai ，980 ・0862 JAPAN (Received on Novernber 8， 2003) This This second part of my revision of Malesian Desmodium and its relatives includes taxonomic taxonomic treatments of the following eight genera ， Hanslia (including two new combi- nations) ，Hegnera ，Hylodesmum ，Monarthrocarpus ，Ohwia ，Phyllodium ，Tadehagi ， and Trifidacanthus ， and phytogeographic considerations for the taxa of Desmodium and its relatives relatives in Malesia. Thirteen genera and 64 species are recognized as Desmodium and its relatives relatives in Malesia. Their distribution patterns 訂 'e diverse. Of 64 species recognized in this this study 56 訂 'e native to Malesia and 訂 e divided by their distribution patterns into the following following four groups: Malesia (including 8 species) ， Asia (29 spp よAustralia (11 spp よ and and Asia-Australia (8 spp.) groups. All species of the genera native to Jawa ，New Guinea and and the Philippines are discussed. Each 訂 ea has almost equal numbers of native species ， 31 ，32 ， and 29 ，respectively. This fact suggest insufficient collections in New Guinea and the the Philippines. The present -day composition and distribution of taxa in Desmodium and related related genera in Malesia 紅 e considered to be derived from various spatially and tempo- rally rally diverse ancestors. Key words: Desmodium relatives ，distribution patterns ，Hanslia ，Jawa ，New Guinea. HANSLIA Key to the species of Hanslia Hanslia Schind l.
    [Show full text]