DOCSLIB.ORG

From Ecuador

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

6 .April 1998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 111(11:110-1 39. 1998. A revision of the freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Ecuador Gilberto Rodnguez and Richard von Sternberg (GR) Cenlro de l-cologia, Institute Venezolano de Investigaciones Cienifficas, Apart ado 21827, Caracas 1020 A. Venezuela; (RvS) Center for Intelligent Systems, SUNY-Binghamton. New York. 13902-6000, U.S.A. Abstract*—Revised diagnoses and illustrations or" the species of pseudo- thelphusid crabs previously known to occur in Ecuador are provided and five new species. Hypoiobocera esmeraldensis, H. konstanzae, H. muisnensis, H. mindonensis and Lindacatalina sumacensis, are described. The validity of pen- tanomial names proposed in the literature for some Ecuadorian species is re­ vised in the light of series of specimens collected in their distributional areas. The genera Hypoiobocera* Moritschus and Lindacatalina are redefined and several species are reassigned among these genera. The Systematics of Neotropical freshwa­ example, what he called Hypoiobocera ter crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae (Hypoiobocera) aequatorialis aequatoriaiis is relatively complex due to lack of de­ in 1972, became Hypoiobocera (Hypoio­ pendable laxonomic differences in their car­ bocera ) [aequatorialis'] aequatorialis ae­ apace and appendages. The male first gon- quatorialis in his later contributions. The opods provide the most reliable characters erection of these infraspecific categories of diagnostic value, whereas potential so­ was based usually on one or two specimens. matic characters, such as the dentition of In some cases two infraespecific categories the lateral border form and position of the of the same species were reported from the cervical grooves and postfrontal lobes, same localities (see for instance Hypoio­ sculpturing of the front, and proportions of bocera {Hypoiobocera) [peruviana] henrici the third maxilliped, display very slight in­ henrici and Hypoiobocera {Hypoiobocera) terspecific differences. {peruviana] henrici nora). This treatment of In almost all cases it is not possible to the Ecuadorian species has resulted in con­ establish infraspecific categories that will siderable confusion and serious difficulties meet the two criteria accepted for other an­ for the identification of binomial taxa. imal groups, viz., that the differences are In the present contribution the validity of slight, but constant through large series of some of these infraspecific taxa is revised specimens (Mayr 1964), and that no overlap in the light of series of specimens collected occurs in the geographical distribution of in the same areas as Pretzmann*s materials the supposed subspecies (Mayr et al. 1953). (Pretzmann & Radda 1978). All new or In his revision of the Pseudothelphusi­ critical species reported here are fully illus­ dae, Pretzmann (1972) proposed the orga­ trated. For other species only figures oi the nization of the taxa into a tetranomial first male gonopods are given, together with scheme (genus, subgenus, species and sub­ references to adequate illustrations in the species). In further contributions he ar­ literature (see ^Additional illustrations" ranged some crabs from Ecuador into a under each species). Two species, Hypoio­ more elaborate pentanomial nomenclature bocera conradi (NobilL 1897) and Linda­ (Pretzmann 1978, 1983a, 1983b). Thus, for catalina hauserae Pretzmann, 1977b, are VOLLAU-; 1 I 1, NLMBfcK I 111 not illustrated for lack of material. Termi­ Tahlt 1.—Curapiicf breadth <cb> of largesl males nology for gonopod morphology follows recorded and proportions of the cxogEiaih lo ischium of cndogiuilh of third muxdlipedv in Hcuadoriaji Pseu­ Smalley < 1964). dothelphusidae. Abbreviations used are cl. for carapace length and cb. for carapace breadth. The E\(i^r.ilh.: fh (mm} materials recorded are deposited in the Ref­ erence Collection of the Instituto Venezo- H\p<tl(ihtn:tjru Kciptainnnhs 66.K 0,35 lano de Investigaciones Cientfticas, Caracas H. cajntiii 4l» 0.40 H. CiWfiUft HH.O 0.30 ITVICK the British Museum. London (BM), H. dti\t>lati 65 1 0.30 the Museum of Natural History of Tulane li. i-smrrahiensts v^.S 0.40 University, New Orleans (TU). the National fi. t.xtfiti MS 0.30 Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian H, i!iui\titfuiU-ti\i\ 44.1 0 30 J Institution, Washington, D. C (USNMl, the H kfni.\Uinztit. 56.8 0.30 H mhuitmt.'itsi\ 27.1 0.30 Museum nationale d'Histoire naturelle, Par­ it, muisni'nsis 51 A 0.35 is (MNHN), the Strasbourg Museum (SM) H, titrtwi 2.V5 0.30 and the Nuturmuseum und Forschunginsti- //. ntthhttui 45.0 0.35 tut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main UtniantUilitia hnf\ •ipvttit 27.5 0.65 (SMF). L. htutst'mv 25.0 0.50 /,. UltifWtlii 55.7 0.50 L. t*rit'tthrfis 2N.0 0.65 Systematics /.. pu\t HMi 32.3 0.45 A. Mtrudu•«.%/.* 35.6 0.45 Family Pseudothelphusidae Ralhbun, 1893 \ft>tft<n hli_<. ri-litidt *rcft\i\ 25.5 0.45 Key to Genera from Ecuador \f. flitltH t VI. 1 0.40 1. Lateral margin of hrsi gonopods pro­ duced into a delined. although some­ times reduced, lateral lobe 2 distal view, with round papilla near sper­ -. Lateral margin widening progressively matic channel (Fig, IB). towards the apex which extends consid­ Type species.—Potamia chilensis H. erably laterally, giving the apex in cau­ Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1844. dal view a characteristic rriangular-elon- Distribution.—Panama. Colombia. Ven­ gated appearance Mohtschits ezuela. Ecuador and Peru. 2. Lateral lobe densely covered with spi- nulev Lxognaih of third maxilliped usu­ ally more than 0.45 length of ischium of Key to Species from Ecuador endognath Lmdtwtitalinct -. Lateral lobe naked or with a few sparse 1. Lateral lobe o\ lirsl gonopods reduced spinules and short hairs. Exognath of or obsolescent (Figs. IE, 4A) 2 third maxilliped usually less than 0.45 -. Lateral lobe well developed 6 length of ischium of endognath ..... 2. Lateral lobe with small scattered papil­ Hvff'ttthocerti lae (Fig. 7A> H. tnindoneusis - Lateral lobe with smooth surface or with scattered short hairs 3 L Hxpolttbocera Ortmann. IS >7 3. One or two prominent tubercles on apex of tirst gonopods 4 Diagnosis.—Exognalh of third maxilli­ -. No prominent tubercles on apex of first ped usually less than 0.45 length of ischium gonopods 5 of endognath (Table 1}. First male gono­ 4. One prominent tubercle: apex produced pods with strong longitudinal ridge on cau­ laterally into extraordinarily long, ob­ dal surface, and well defined (although tuse lobe <Fig. 4B> H. exiwa sometimes reduced} lateral lobe (Fig. 1A); -. Two prominent tubercles on apex of apex truncated, either circular or oblong in gonopods <Fig. 0A-C> . • < • ... , . H orcv.si PROCEEDINGS OK THL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Oh WASHINGTON lii:. I. J; L i s. I left i:onopod of Ecuadorian PseudodielphLisidae: A, B, Hvpolebui eta aafuufor'taUs lOrtmann, 1S1>7). hololypc I rum Ecuador (SMK C. D. H. cn/nttii iNobiiL 1901). from Rio Quevedo (IVIC 62S): L. P. //. raifihuni Prel/inauu. IWS. from Kit) Peripa. between Aurora en Puerto Limun lIVIC 631): G. H. \hntr\chny i'cututtn-t'n.\h tRaihlnm. I S97 L lioiu UCM of Gualea (BM 9l8.L31.Lh: L J, M. Iwnriri [NohUL 1X97}, ham Ecuador (IVIC 615); KM. Limhtcuntihui hrwiptnis (Rodritiue/ & DKI/}. 39NL from Ecuador llVlC 606): N P. A. lot i penis iPi-iM/mann, 1968). from Ecuador (IVIC 62 h. A. C. L. Ci. L K. N. caudal: M. O. lateral: B. D. F. II. J. L. P. apex, distal: lo, lateral lobe; a\ caudal ridge: nl. supplementary lobe, Scales = 2 mm. 5- With large tubercle on external surface 6. Lateral lobe of iirsl gonopods long, ob- o( palm H. conradi long, wilh proximal angle rounded and -. Without a large tubercle on external distal angle sloping gently to apex ... 7 surface of palm H, rathbutu -. Lateral lobe triangular or subiriangular. 8 VOLUME 111. NUMBER I 113 7. A large tubercle on external surface of Hypolohocera {Hypolohocera) [aequatori­ palm H. delsolari alis] aequatorialis nigra.—Pretzmann, ~. Without a large tubercle on external 1983b:352, figs. 3, 17, 25, 35, 52. 55, 72. surface of palm H. aequatorialis 8. Apex of first gonopods in caudal view Material.—Ecuador: Leg. Reiss, 1 male forms very elongated spine, projected holotype of Potamocarcinus aequatorialis laterally and dislally (Figs. 1C, 3A) . 9 Ortmann, 1897 (SM).—Arroyo de Arrayan, -. Apex in caudal view with lateral border N of Banos, Parroquia de Chirgua, TUngur- obtuse or with short spine (Figs. ahua Province, 1750 m alt., 7 Nov 1980, 5A.6A.8A) 10 9. Border of lateral lobe straight or slight­ leg. H. Diaz, 3 males cl. 31.5, 31.0 and 21.8 ly convex distally H. caputii mm, cb. 49.8, 48.8 and 33.7 mm, 2 mature -. Border of lateral lobe rounded distally females cl. 35.0 and 34.1 mm, cb. 57.0 and H. esmeraldensis 53.5 mm, 1 immature female cl. 27.8 mm, 10. Apex in distal view with lateral margin cb. 43.5 mm (IVIC 590).—Banos, Tungur- acute or ending in a short point directed ahua Province, Dec 1984, leg. Ferro, 1 laterally 11 male, I immature female (IVIC 972).— -. Apex in distal view with lateral margin Quebrada Punsan, Pueblo de Alba, E of rounded H. muisnensis Banos, Tungurahua Province, 1600 m alt., 11. Border of lateral lobe expanded and 7 Nov 1980, leg. H. Diaz, 1 male cl. 27.8 rounded distally H. guayaquilensis -. Border of lateral lobe narrow and trans­ mm, cb. 43.4 mm, I immature female cl. verse distally H. konstanzoe 31.4 mm, cb. 49.5 mm (IVIC 591).—Rio Villa. Ponce, 44 km N Machala, Azuay Province. 50 m alt., II Nov 1980, leg. H. Hypolohocera aequatorialis Diaz, 70 males, the largest cl. 40.8 mm, cb. (Ortmann 1897) 66.8 mm, 57 females, the largest cl.
Recommended publications
  • Transportation and Commercial Development in Pichincha Province

    Transportation and Commercial Development in Pichincha Province

    TRANSPORTATION AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PICHINCHA PROVINCE, ECUADOR by Bruce E. Ratford Submitled in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Pachelar of Arts ( Honours ) to the Departmant of Geograp!1y, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. - iii PREFACE This thesis is based on data collected during lhree months cf field work in Pichincha Province, Ecuador during the summer of 1970. The researcher was working within the progrcm known os 11 Proyecto Pichincha", a pilot study of the problems of development in a developing country with a view to formulating a model on which might be based recommen- dations on regional improvement 1 and which cou!d help esbblish criteria for a nation-wide study of a similar type. This work is being carried out by the McMaster UniversHy Deportment of Geography and ~he Institute Geogrofico Militar, Quito,Ecuador, under the auspices of the Pan-American !r.stiTute of History and Geography, of which latter group, Dr. Harold A. Wood, McMcster University, is President of the Committee on Regionot (;eogrop"'hy, Thus the area chosen for study and the data co! lee ted were determined by the requirements of the larger project. This study is based on certain aspects of the work carried out and of the information gathered, of ·which only a small part has been used hera. The author wishes to thank Dr. Harold A. Wood for arranging the funding that made it possible to corry out this research, and for potienl·!)'· stJpc:r- vising the preparation of this report. In EcL"ador, the staff of the I.G.M.
  • Ecuador Investment Projects

    Ecuador Investment Projects

    Investment Summit Ecuador 2016 Investment Summit Ecuador 2016 CONTENT 1 Ecuador profile 4 2 Incentives for new investments 6 Benefits of the 8 3 investments contract Incentives for financing and 8 4 investment Public Private Partnerships 9 5 (PPP) Incentives of the Organic Law of 9 6 Solidarity and citizen Co-responsibility 7 Project Catalogue 10 Investment Summit Ecuador 2016 ECUADOR PROFILE Yearly average GDP growth at 4.2%, higher than LATAM at 2.8% ECUADOR: Leading Social Investment in Latin America Central government Social Investment (Percentage of GDP) The largest investment in the history of Ecuador Latin America Ecuador Latin America Ecuador and Caribbean and Caribbean 4 Investment Summit Ecuador 2016 Controlled Inflation Rate, lower than Ecuador Macroeconomic Latin America (2015) Reference Inflation Rate April 2016 14,96 % 10,47 % 7,93 % 4,50 % 4,20 % 4,13 % 3,91 % 2,44 % 1,78 % Strategic and Competitive High Investment in Ecuador versus LATAM as % of GDP (2015) infrastructure USD 329 millions Airports renewed and operated at the national level Airports investment in private public 2007 -2015, which are 2 new airports, 10 refurbished, renovated with air navigation systems optimization at airports nationwide. USD 1,245 millions With public investment in 6 multi-purpose Project of irrigation control and floods. USD 5,900 millions In hydroelectrical plants investment Social - Political until 2015. In 2017 is expected to have 8768 MW Social Development installed capacity. Reducing poverty by 23% (incidence per income), 11% reduction of inequality (Gini index) USD 8,000 millions With a public investment in road network. Human Talent Development 9,200 km of new highways.
  • Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review Vol. 4

    Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review Vol. 4

    Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 i Citation UNU-IAS and IGES (eds.) 2018, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation (Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4), United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo. © United Nations University ISBN (Print): 978-92-808-4643-0 ISBN (E-version): 978-92-808-4592-1 Editors Suneetha M. Subramanian Evonne Yiu Beria Leimona Editorial support Yohsuke Amano Ikuko Matsumoto Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis Yasuo Takahashi Rajarshi Dasgupta Kana Yoshino William Dunbar Raffaela Kozar English proofreading Susan Yoshimura Design/Printing Xpress Print Pte Ltd Cover photo credits (From top to bottom): SGP/COMDEKS Indonesia, Fausto O. Sarmiento, Mayra Vera, Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar Satoyama Initiative The Satoyama Initiative is a global effort, first proposed jointly by the United Nations University and the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ), to realize ”societies in harmony with nature” and contribute to biodiversity conservation through the revitalization and sustainable management of ”socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes” (SEPLS). The United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) serves as the Secretariat of the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI). The activities of the IPSI Secretariat are made possible through the financial contribution of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.
  • Ecuador Page 1 of 24

    Ecuador Page 1 of 24

    2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador Page 1 of 24 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » Human Rights Reports » 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices » Western Hemisphere » Ecuador 2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices April 8, 2011 Ecuador is a constitutional republic with a population of approximately 14.3 million. In 2008 voters approved a referendum on a new constitution, which became effective in October of that year, although many of its provisions continued to be implemented. In April 2009 voters reelected Rafael Correa for his second presidential term and chose members of the National Assembly in elections that were considered generally free and fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The following human rights problems continued: isolated unlawful killings and use of excessive force by security forces, sometimes with impunity; poor prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption and other abuses by security forces; a high number of pretrial detainees; and corruption and denial of due process within the judicial system. President Correa and his administration continued verbal and legal attacks against the independent media. Societal problems continued, including physical aggression against journalists; violence against women; discrimination against women, indigenous persons, Afro-Ecuadorians, and lesbians and gay men; trafficking in persons and sexual exploitation of minors; and child labor. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The government or its agents did not commit any politically motivated killings; however, there continued to be credible reports that security forces used excessive force and committed isolated unlawful killings.
  • TRAFFIC Bird’S-Eye View: REPORT Lessons from 50 Years of Bird Trade Regulation & Conservation in Amazon Countries

    TRAFFIC Bird’S-Eye View: REPORT Lessons from 50 Years of Bird Trade Regulation & Conservation in Amazon Countries

    TRAFFIC Bird’s-eye view: REPORT Lessons from 50 years of bird trade regulation & conservation in Amazon countries DECEMBER 2018 Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle About the author and this study: Bernardo Ortiz-von Halle, a biologist and TRAFFIC REPORT zoologist from the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, has more than 30 years of experience in numerous aspects of conservation and its links to development. His decades of work for IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and TRAFFIC TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring in South America have allowed him to network, is a leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade acquire a unique outlook on the mechanisms, in wild animals and plants in the context institutions, stakeholders and challenges facing of both biodiversity conservation and the conservation and sustainable use of species sustainable development. and ecosystems. Developing a critical perspective The views of the authors expressed in this of what works and what doesn’t to achieve lasting conservation goals, publication do not necessarily reflect those Bernardo has put this expertise within an historic framework to interpret of TRAFFIC, WWF, or IUCN. the outcomes of different wildlife policies and actions in South America, Reproduction of material appearing in offering guidance towards solutions that require new ways of looking at this report requires written permission wildlife trade-related problems. Always framing analysis and interpretation from the publisher. in the midst of the socioeconomic and political frameworks of each South The designations of geographical entities in American country and in the region as a whole, this work puts forward this publication, and the presentation of the conclusions and possible solutions to bird trade-related issues that are material, do not imply the expression of any linked to global dynamics, especially those related to wildlife trade.
  • Volunteer Tourism in Napo Province

    Volunteer Tourism in Napo Province

    NATIONAL TOURISM GUIDE TOURISM OF VOLUNTEERISM IN NAPO PROVINCE BY NATALY GABRIELA ALBAN PINO QUITO – ECUADOR NOVEMBER 2014 VOLUNTEER TOURISM IN NAPO PROVINCE BY: NATALY GABRIELA ALBAN PINO CHECKED BY: Firma:____________________ Firma:____________________ Professional Guide Tutor Firma:____________________ Firma:___________________ English Teacher Carrere Coordinator GRATITUDE First of all I would like to thank God for allowing me to overcome my fears to complete this professional achievement, I thank my parents Patricia and Fernando who have been my example and my support in my development as a person, I thank the UCT University and my teachers for all the knowledge imparted. And I thank my boyfriend Cristopher Valencia who motivates me every day to be better and to overcome any obstacles that comes in my life. DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the most important people in my life, my parents, my sisters, my nephew and the loves of my life My son Julian and my boyfriend Cristopher, I share this achievement with them. INDEX i. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 ii. INTRODUCTION 3 iii. TOPIC DEFINITION AND JUSTIFICATION 4 iv. OBJECTIVES 4 v. METHODS 5 vi. ROUTES 6 vii. WEIGHTING ROUTE 7 viii. OPERATING ITINERARY 8 ix. OPERATING ITINERARY BUDGET 10 x. ATTRACTIONSRESEARCH 12 xi. WEIGHTING ATRACTION SAN CARLOS COMMUNITY 16 xii. WEIGHTING ATRACTION OPERATIVE TOUR 17 xiii. BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 TOURISM OF VOLUNTEERISMIN THE NAPO PROVINCE, ECUATORIAN RAIN FOREST xiv. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nowadays, the tourism of volunteerism is a reality. Many people around the world have changed their opinion about trips. Many years ago, tourists preferred traveling with other purposes but now things are changing.
  • Indigenous and Social Movement Political Parties in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1978-2000

    Indigenous and Social Movement Political Parties in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1978-2000

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Democratizing Formal Politics: Indigenous and Social Movement Political Parties in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1978-2000 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Jennifer Noelle Collins Committee in charge: Professor Paul Drake, Chair Professor Ann Craig Professor Arend Lijphart Professor Carlos Waisman Professor Leon Zamosc 2006 Copyright Jennifer Noelle Collins, 2006 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jennifer Noelle Collins is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2006 iii DEDICATION For my parents, John and Sheila Collins, who in innumerable ways made possible this journey. For my husband, Juan Giménez, who met and accompanied me along the way. And for my daughter, Fiona Maité Giménez-Collins, the beautiful gift bequeathed to us by the adventure that has been this dissertation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE.……………………..…………………………………...…...…iii DEDICATION .............................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................v
  • Tungurahua Province

    Tungurahua Province

    UNIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIALIDADES TURISTICAS THE MOST RELAXATION & HEALTH IN TUNGURAHUA PROVINCE Health Tour 2 day – 1 night 3 Switzerland (60 years) Pichincha – Tungurahua Provinces Written By: Adriana Paredes Teacher: Edison Molina To obtain: Bachelor of National Tour Guide Quito, June, 2013 1 Dedications Firstly, I want to thank God for giving me the strength to finish my career with success. I want to dedicate this work to all my family, especially for my mother who is an important person in my life and always stay with me. My husband who helps and gave me unconditional support and important advantages and I love a lot for all. Finally my dear daughter who suffered sometimes the necessity of her mom because I should go to study but She is my fortress in each one of my decisions. 2 Gratitude When I started this project I didn’t have much knowledge about the Tungurahua Province. But thanks to my teacher who taught me and guided me I was able to do this tour. I also want to thank my husband and my daughter for always being at my side and giving me strength to improve and become a professional. 3 INTRODUCTION My thesis topic was Health Tourist of Tungurahua .I had two months to prepared the tour that lasted two days and one night. My tour started on June first y finished on June second. The tour was prepared with some characteristics for the Switzerland people and based on what they would want to visit. When I knew my topic I started to look at some options and investigated; I was then able to give Edison some tour alternatives.
  • Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective

    Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective

    water Article Tourism in Continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands: An Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Perspective Carlos Mestanza-Ramón 1,2,3,* , J. Adolfo Chica-Ruiz 1 , Giorgio Anfuso 1 , Alexis Mooser 1,4, Camilo M. Botero 5,6 and Enzo Pranzini 7 1 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.C.-R.); [email protected] (G.A.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Sede Orellana, YASUNI-SDC Research Group, El Coca EC220001, Ecuador 3 Instituto Tecnologico Supeior Oriente, La Joya de los Sachas 220101, Orellana, Ecuador 4 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Napoli Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy 5 Grupo Joaquín Aarón Manjarrés, Escuela de Derecho, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia; [email protected] 6 Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Costeros, PlayasCorp, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia 7 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; enzo.pranzini@unifi.it * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +593-9-9883-0801 Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 6 June 2020; Published: 9 June 2020 Abstract: Tourism in coastal areas is becoming increasingly important in Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) as an integrated approach that balances the requirements of different tourist sectors. This paper analyzes ICZM in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands from the perspective of the 3S tourism, and presents its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The methodology used was based on a literature review of ten aspects of the highest relevance to ICZM, i.e., Policies, Regulations, Responsibilities, Institutions, Strategies and Instruments, Training, Economic Resources, Information, Education for Sustainability, and Citizen Participation.
  • Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador

    Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador

    BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR by Cecilia Josefina Vásquez Pazmiño A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Northern Arizona University May 2005 Approved: _____________________________ George Gumerman IV, Ph.D., Chair _____________________________ Francis Smiley, Ph.D _____________________________ Miguel Vásquez, Ph.D. _____________________________ Christian Downum, Ph.D. ABSTRACT BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR CECILIA JOSEFINA VASQUEZ PAZMIÑO The Inkas occupied ancient Ecuador during the 16th century. Monumental architecture such as tambos (inns), fortresses, and towns were strategically located along the royal Inka road. In the Central Ecuadorian highlands, the sites of Latacunga, San Agustín de Callo, and El Salitre remain a prominent testimony of Inka imperialism. Surprisingly, Inka remains were scarce in the archaeological survey at Tanicuchí, between San Agustín de Callo and Latacunga. The systematically aligned survey of Tanicuchí supplied information concerning six centuries of Prehispanic occupation in the area. Surface collection and analysis of material culture defined Tanicuchí’s origins and chronology. Relative dating suggests that initial Tanicuchí occupation began during the Integration Period (A.D. 800-1500), followed by Inka (A.D. 1500-1534) and Early Colonial (A.D. 1534- 1580) periods of conquest. The imposition of Inka and Colonial rules imposed changes on politics, economics, and social relationships reflected in the frequency and distribution of pottery types. A conspicuous sample of Tardío and Cosanga pottery found at Tanicuchí indicates intensive trade and alliances between highland and lowland populations during the Integration Period.
  • Caemba Annual Report 08.12.21

    Caemba Annual Report 08.12.21

    We Build Dreams Fundación Raíz Ecuador Annual Report 2020 INDEX Mission ................................................. 3 Introduction ................................................. 4 Caemba ................................................. 5 • Achievements in 2020 ................................................. 6 • Caemba Model House ................................................. 7 • The Caemba process ................................................. 8 • Houses built in 2020 ................................................. 9 • Caemba: Entrepreneurship for women ........................................ 10 - 11 • Caemba infrastructure ......................................... 12 -14 Beyond Lagartococha ............................................... 15 • Activity in 2020 ............................................... 16 COVID-19 Emergency ............................................... 17 • Introduction ............................................... 18 • Food distribution ........................................ 19 - 20 • Support for the medical system ............................................... 21 • Center for respiratory care in Atacames ........................................ 22 - 23 • Providing oxygen ........................................ 24 - 26 • Epidemiologic control ............................................... 27 • Development of a laboratory with ELISA analysis capability ............................................... 28 • Enabling health subcenters for the Chachi population of Esmeraldas ..............................................
  • ECUADOR EARTHQUAKES I Lq NATURAL DISASTER STUDIES Volume Five

    ECUADOR EARTHQUAKES I Lq NATURAL DISASTER STUDIES Volume Five

    PB93-186419 <> REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 I, f J, J~ ITI mLt THE MARCH 5, 1987, ECUADOR EARTHQUAKES I lQ NATURAL DISASTER STUDIES Volume Five THE MARCH 5, 1987, ECUADOR EARTHQUAKES MASS WASTING AND SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS Study Team: Thomas O'Rourke, School of Civil and Envi­ ronmental Engineering, Cornell University, Robert L. Schuster (Team Leader and Tech­ Ithaca, New York nical Editor), Branch of Geologic Risk As­ sessment, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Contributing Authors: Colorado Jose Egred, Instituto Geoffsico, Escuela Patricia A. Bolton, Battelle Institute, Seattle, Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador Washington Alvaro F. Espinosa, Branch of Geologic Risk Louise K. Comfort, Graduate School of Pub­ Assessment, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, lic and International Affairs, University of Pitts­ Colorado burgh, Pennsylvania Manuel Garda-Lopez, Departamento de Esteban Crespo, School of Civil and Environ­ Ingenierfa Civil, Universidad Nacional de mental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, Colombia, Bogota New York Minard L. Hall, Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Alberto Nieto, Department of Geology, Uni­ Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador versity of Illinois, Urbana Galo Plaza-Nieto, Departamento de Geotecnica, Kenneth J. Nyman, School of Civil and Envi­ Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador ronmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Hugo Yepes, Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador For: Committee on Natural Disasters Division of Natural Hazard Mitigation Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1991 id NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.