6 .April 1998 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 111(11:110-1 39. 1998. A revision of the freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) from Ecuador Gilberto Rodnguez and Richard von Sternberg (GR) Cenlro de l-cologia, Institute Venezolano de Investigaciones Cienifficas, Apart ado 21827, Caracas 1020 A. Venezuela; (RvS) Center for Intelligent Systems, SUNY-Binghamton. New York. 13902-6000, U.S.A. Abstract*—Revised diagnoses and illustrations or" the species of pseudo- thelphusid crabs previously known to occur in Ecuador are provided and five new species. Hypoiobocera esmeraldensis, H. konstanzae, H. muisnensis, H. mindonensis and Lindacatalina sumacensis, are described. The validity of pen- tanomial names proposed in the literature for some Ecuadorian species is re­ vised in the light of series of specimens collected in their distributional areas. The genera Hypoiobocera* Moritschus and Lindacatalina are redefined and several species are reassigned among these genera. The Systematics of Neotropical freshwa­ example, what he called Hypoiobocera ter crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae (Hypoiobocera) aequatorialis aequatoriaiis is relatively complex due to lack of de­ in 1972, became Hypoiobocera (Hypoio­ pendable laxonomic differences in their car­ bocera ) [aequatorialis'] aequatorialis ae­ apace and appendages. The male first gon- quatorialis in his later contributions. The opods provide the most reliable characters erection of these infraspecific categories of diagnostic value, whereas potential so­ was based usually on one or two specimens. matic characters, such as the dentition of In some cases two infraespecific categories the lateral border form and position of the of the same species were reported from the cervical grooves and postfrontal lobes, same localities (see for instance Hypoio­ sculpturing of the front, and proportions of bocera {Hypoiobocera) [peruviana] henrici the third maxilliped, display very slight in­ henrici and Hypoiobocera {Hypoiobocera) terspecific differences. {peruviana] henrici nora). This treatment of In almost all cases it is not possible to the Ecuadorian species has resulted in con­ establish infraspecific categories that will siderable confusion and serious difficulties meet the two criteria accepted for other an­ for the identification of binomial taxa. imal groups, viz., that the differences are In the present contribution the validity of slight, but constant through large series of some of these infraspecific taxa is revised specimens (Mayr 1964), and that no overlap in the light of series of specimens collected occurs in the geographical distribution of in the same areas as Pretzmann*s materials the supposed subspecies (Mayr et al. 1953). (Pretzmann & Radda 1978). All new or In his revision of the Pseudothelphusi­ critical species reported here are fully illus­ dae, Pretzmann (1972) proposed the orga­ trated. For other species only figures oi the nization of the taxa into a tetranomial first male gonopods are given, together with scheme (genus, subgenus, species and sub­ references to adequate illustrations in the species). In further contributions he ar­ literature (see ^Additional illustrations" ranged some crabs from Ecuador into a under each species). Two species, Hypoio­ more elaborate pentanomial nomenclature bocera conradi (NobilL 1897) and Linda­ (Pretzmann 1978, 1983a, 1983b). Thus, for catalina hauserae Pretzmann, 1977b, are VOLLAU-; 1 I 1, NLMBfcK I 111 not illustrated for lack of material. Termi­ Tahlt 1.—Curapiicf breadth <cb> of largesl males nology for gonopod morphology follows recorded and proportions of the cxogEiaih lo ischium of cndogiuilh of third muxdlipedv in Hcuadoriaji Pseu­ Smalley < 1964). dothelphusidae. Abbreviations used are cl. for carapace length and cb. for carapace breadth. The E\(i^r.ilh.: fh (mm} materials recorded are deposited in the Ref­ erence Collection of the Instituto Venezo- H\p<tl(ihtn:tjru Kciptainnnhs 66.K 0,35 lano de Investigaciones Cientfticas, Caracas H. cajntiii 4l» 0.40 H. CiWfiUft HH.O 0.30 ITVICK the British Museum. London (BM), H. dti\t>lati 65 1 0.30 the Museum of Natural History of Tulane li. i-smrrahiensts v^.S 0.40 University, New Orleans (TU). the National fi. t.xtfiti MS 0.30 Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian H, i!iui\titfuiU-ti\i\ 44.1 0 30 J Institution, Washington, D. C (USNMl, the H kfni.\Uinztit. 56.8 0.30 H mhuitmt.'itsi\ 27.1 0.30 Museum nationale d'Histoire naturelle, Par­ it, muisni'nsis 51 A 0.35 is (MNHN), the Strasbourg Museum (SM) H, titrtwi 2.V5 0.30 and the Nuturmuseum und Forschunginsti- //. ntthhttui 45.0 0.35 tut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main UtniantUilitia hnf\ •ipvttit 27.5 0.65 (SMF). L. htutst'mv 25.0 0.50 /,. UltifWtlii 55.7 0.50 L. t*rit'tthrfis 2N.0 0.65 Systematics /.. pu\t HMi 32.3 0.45 A. Mtrudu•«.%/.* 35.6 0.45 Family Pseudothelphusidae Ralhbun, 1893 \ft>tft<n hli_<. ri-litidt *rcft\i\ 25.5 0.45 Key to Genera from Ecuador \f. flitltH t VI. 1 0.40 1. Lateral margin of hrsi gonopods pro­ duced into a delined. although some­ times reduced, lateral lobe 2 distal view, with round papilla near sper­ -. Lateral margin widening progressively matic channel (Fig, IB). towards the apex which extends consid­ Type species.—Potamia chilensis H. erably laterally, giving the apex in cau­ Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1844. dal view a characteristic rriangular-elon- Distribution.—Panama. Colombia. Ven­ gated appearance Mohtschits ezuela. Ecuador and Peru. 2. Lateral lobe densely covered with spi- nulev Lxognaih of third maxilliped usu­ ally more than 0.45 length of ischium of Key to Species from Ecuador endognath Lmdtwtitalinct -. Lateral lobe naked or with a few sparse 1. Lateral lobe o\ lirsl gonopods reduced spinules and short hairs. Exognath of or obsolescent (Figs. IE, 4A) 2 third maxilliped usually less than 0.45 -. Lateral lobe well developed 6 length of ischium of endognath ..... 2. Lateral lobe with small scattered papil­ Hvff'ttthocerti lae (Fig. 7A> H. tnindoneusis - Lateral lobe with smooth surface or with scattered short hairs 3 L Hxpolttbocera Ortmann. IS >7 3. One or two prominent tubercles on apex of tirst gonopods 4 Diagnosis.—Exognalh of third maxilli­ -. No prominent tubercles on apex of first ped usually less than 0.45 length of ischium gonopods 5 of endognath (Table 1}. First male gono­ 4. One prominent tubercle: apex produced pods with strong longitudinal ridge on cau­ laterally into extraordinarily long, ob­ dal surface, and well defined (although tuse lobe <Fig. 4B> H. exiwa sometimes reduced} lateral lobe (Fig. 1A); -. Two prominent tubercles on apex of apex truncated, either circular or oblong in gonopods <Fig. 0A-C> . • < • ... , . H orcv.si PROCEEDINGS OK THL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Oh WASHINGTON lii:. I. J; L i s. I left i:onopod of Ecuadorian PseudodielphLisidae: A, B, Hvpolebui eta aafuufor'taUs lOrtmann, 1S1>7). hololypc I rum Ecuador (SMK C. D. H. cn/nttii iNobiiL 1901). from Rio Quevedo (IVIC 62S): L. P. //. raifihuni Prel/inauu. IWS. from Kit) Peripa. between Aurora en Puerto Limun lIVIC 631): G. H. \hntr\chny i'cututtn-t'n.\h tRaihlnm. I S97 L lioiu UCM of Gualea (BM 9l8.L31.Lh: L J, M. Iwnriri [NohUL 1X97}, ham Ecuador (IVIC 615); KM. Limhtcuntihui hrwiptnis (Rodritiue/ & DKI/}. 39NL from Ecuador llVlC 606): N P. A. lot i penis iPi-iM/mann, 1968). from Ecuador (IVIC 62 h. A. C. L. Ci. L K. N. caudal: M. O. lateral: B. D. F. II. J. L. P. apex, distal: lo, lateral lobe; a\ caudal ridge: nl. supplementary lobe, Scales = 2 mm. 5- With large tubercle on external surface 6. Lateral lobe of iirsl gonopods long, ob- o( palm H. conradi long, wilh proximal angle rounded and -. Without a large tubercle on external distal angle sloping gently to apex ... 7 surface of palm H, rathbutu -. Lateral lobe triangular or subiriangular. 8 VOLUME 111. NUMBER I 113 7. A large tubercle on external surface of Hypolohocera {Hypolohocera) [aequatori­ palm H. delsolari alis] aequatorialis nigra.—Pretzmann, ~. Without a large tubercle on external 1983b:352, figs. 3, 17, 25, 35, 52. 55, 72. surface of palm H. aequatorialis 8. Apex of first gonopods in caudal view Material.—Ecuador: Leg. Reiss, 1 male forms very elongated spine, projected holotype of Potamocarcinus aequatorialis laterally and dislally (Figs. 1C, 3A) . 9 Ortmann, 1897 (SM).—Arroyo de Arrayan, -. Apex in caudal view with lateral border N of Banos, Parroquia de Chirgua, TUngur- obtuse or with short spine (Figs. ahua Province, 1750 m alt., 7 Nov 1980, 5A.6A.8A) 10 9. Border of lateral lobe straight or slight­ leg. H. Diaz, 3 males cl. 31.5, 31.0 and 21.8 ly convex distally H. caputii mm, cb. 49.8, 48.8 and 33.7 mm, 2 mature -. Border of lateral lobe rounded distally females cl. 35.0 and 34.1 mm, cb. 57.0 and H. esmeraldensis 53.5 mm, 1 immature female cl. 27.8 mm, 10. Apex in distal view with lateral margin cb. 43.5 mm (IVIC 590).—Banos, Tungur- acute or ending in a short point directed ahua Province, Dec 1984, leg. Ferro, 1 laterally 11 male, I immature female (IVIC 972).— -. Apex in distal view with lateral margin Quebrada Punsan, Pueblo de Alba, E of rounded H. muisnensis Banos, Tungurahua Province, 1600 m alt., 11. Border of lateral lobe expanded and 7 Nov 1980, leg. H. Diaz, 1 male cl. 27.8 rounded distally H. guayaquilensis -. Border of lateral lobe narrow and trans­ mm, cb. 43.4 mm, I immature female cl. verse distally H. konstanzoe 31.4 mm, cb. 49.5 mm (IVIC 591).—Rio Villa. Ponce, 44 km N Machala, Azuay Province. 50 m alt., II Nov 1980, leg. H. Hypolohocera aequatorialis Diaz, 70 males, the largest cl. 40.8 mm, cb. (Ortmann 1897) 66.8 mm, 57 females, the largest cl.