DOCSLIB.ORG

Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review Vol. 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS) and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 i Citation UNU-IAS and IGES (eds.) 2018, Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes and its Contribution to Effective Area-based Conservation (Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4), United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo. © United Nations University ISBN (Print): 978-92-808-4643-0 ISBN (E-version): 978-92-808-4592-1 Editors Suneetha M. Subramanian Evonne Yiu Beria Leimona Editorial support Yohsuke Amano Ikuko Matsumoto Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis Yasuo Takahashi Rajarshi Dasgupta Kana Yoshino William Dunbar Raffaela Kozar English proofreading Susan Yoshimura Design/Printing Xpress Print Pte Ltd Cover photo credits (From top to bottom): SGP/COMDEKS Indonesia, Fausto O. Sarmiento, Mayra Vera, Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar Satoyama Initiative The Satoyama Initiative is a global effort, first proposed jointly by the United Nations University and the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ), to realize ”societies in harmony with nature” and contribute to biodiversity conservation through the revitalization and sustainable management of ”socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes” (SEPLS). The United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) serves as the Secretariat of the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI). The activities of the IPSI Secretariat are made possible through the financial contribution of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. UNU-IAS The United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS) is a leading research and teaching institute based in Tokyo, Japan. Its mission is to advance efforts towards a more sustainable future, through policy-relevant research and capacity development focused on sustainability and its social, economic and environmental dimensions. UNU-IAS serves the international community, making valuable and innovative contributions to high-level policymaking and debates within the UN system. The activities of the institute are in three thematic areas: sustainable societies, natural capital and biodiversity, and global change and resilience. IGES The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) was established in March 1998 under an initiative of the Japanese government and with the support of Kanagawa Prefecture. The aim of the Institute is to achieve a new paradigm for civilization and conduct innovative policy development and strategic research for environmental measures, reflecting the results of research into political decisions for realising sustainable development both in the Asia-Pacific region and globally. The Institute will tackle fundamental challenges to human society, and to redefine the values and value systems of our present societies that have resulted in the global environmental crisis, in order to create new ways of conducting activities and a new paradigm for civilization. ii Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Table of contents Foreword iv Preface v Chapter 1. Enhancing effective area-based conservation through the sustainable use of biodiversity in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) Suneetha M. Subramanian, Evonne Yiu, Beria Leimona 1 Chapter 2. Perceptions of resilience, collective action and natural resources management in socio-ecological production landscapes in East Africa Ana Bedmar Villanueva, Yasuyuki Morimoto, Patrick Maundu, Yamini Jha, Gloria Otieno, Rose Nankya, Richard Ogwal, Bruno Leles, Michael Halewood 14 Chapter 3. The contribution of chestnut orchard recovery projects for effective area-based conservation: Two cases in Asturias (North-West Spain) Emilio R. Díaz-Varela, Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez, José V. Roces-Díaz, Beatriz Rodriguez-Morales 26 Chapter 4. Transformations towards sustainability – A SEPLS restored by the Gongrong community Jung-Tai Chao, Yie-Hom Lin, Chen-Yang Lee, Chen-Chuan Huang, Ling-Ling Lee 38 Chapter 5. Conserving local marine and terrestrial biodiversity and protecting community resources through participatory landscape governance in Semau Island, Indonesia Catharina Dwihastarini, Tamara Tschentscher, Gregory Mock, Diana Salvemini 50 Chapter 6. Ensuring conservation, good governance and sustainable livelihoods through landscape management of mangrove ecosystems in Manabí, Ecuador Jairo Díaz Obando, María Dolores Vera, Ikuko Matsumoto, Devon Dublin, Yoji Natori, Andrea Calispa 61 Chapter 7. Conservation on private lands integrating sustainable production and biodiversity in the Mid Dagua River Basin, Colombia Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar, Maria Carolina Gaitán - Naranjo, Andrés Quintero-Ángel 75 Chapter 8. Sustainable use of biodiversity in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) and its contribution to effective area-based conservation: The case of Kaya forests on the Kenyan Coast Chemuku Wekesa, Leila Ndalilo 85 Chapter 9. Tree microrefugia and community-based conservation in Tropandean mountainscapes: A bio-cultural approach for heritage management of ”El Collay” protected forest in Southeastern Ecuador Fausto O. Sarmiento, Estefanía Palacios, Alexandra Vázques, Gloria Aguilar, Rachid Cheddadi, Mark Bush, Mario Donoso, Inhye Kong 95 Chapter 10. Contributions of socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes to the achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in the group of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries Bruno Leles, Sarah Stephen, Megan Schmidt, Patrick Gannon, Edjigayehu Seyoum-Edjigu, Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Jamison Ervin, David Cooper, SaratBabu Gidda 110 List of Authors 120 Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 iii Foreword In recent years, the sustainable use of biodiversity — for human livelihoods, survival, and well-being — has been increasingly recognized for its benefits to biodiversity conservation. In places where sustainable use through harmonious interaction between humans and nature has shaped complex, dynamic mosaics of habitats and land uses, the resulting landscapes and seascapes contribute significantly to effective area-based conservation of biodiversity, although often they do not conform to any legal or administrative protected-area boundaries. Research led by UNU-IAS has come to refer to these kinds of landscapes and seascapes as socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS), and highlights the important roles that both social and ecological components play in shaping sustainable ecosystems and human livelihoods in areas where production activities are undertaken. UNU-IAS has worked closely with the Ministry of the Environment of Japan in the development of the Satoyama Initiative, a global effort to realize ”societies in harmony with nature,” focusing on the revitalization and sustainable management of SEPLS. We have hosted the Secretariat of the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) since its establishment at the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP 10) in Aichi- Nagoya, Japan in 2010. In this role we coordinate the efforts of partners across the globe toward biodiversity conservation through integrated and holistic landscape and seascape management approaches with mutual benefits for biodiversity and livelihoods. As IPSI’s membership has grown to 230 organizations, it has accumulated a wide range of knowledge and experience, and many members are now working collaboratively for better management of production landscapes and seascapes in various settings around the world. Thus, the fourth volume of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review, focuses on how the sustainable use of biodiversity as practiced in well-managed SEPLS can contribute to effective area-based conservation of biodiversity. The case studies presented here highlight how the concept of SEPLS, implemented in different spatial, cultural, and administrative contexts, can contribute to global conservation goals, especially in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Aichi Target 11 contains provisions for protected areas and ”other effective area- based conservation measures (OECMs)”, their integration into the wider landscapes and seascapes, and their effective and equitable management. I am confident that the cases presented in this volume will provide inspiration and useful knowledge for practitioners, policymakers, and scientists, and that the activities described herein will make broader contributions to the knowledge base of the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), as well as to the CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and other ongoing policy processes. Prof. Kazuhiko Takemoto Director, United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability iv Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review vol. 4 Preface The Satoyama Initiative is ”a global effort to realise societies in harmony with nature”, started through a joint collaboration between the United Nations University
Recommended publications
  • Ecuador Page 1 of 24

    Ecuador Page 1 of 24

    2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador Page 1 of 24 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » Human Rights Reports » 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices » Western Hemisphere » Ecuador 2010 Human Rights Report: Ecuador BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices April 8, 2011 Ecuador is a constitutional republic with a population of approximately 14.3 million. In 2008 voters approved a referendum on a new constitution, which became effective in October of that year, although many of its provisions continued to be implemented. In April 2009 voters reelected Rafael Correa for his second presidential term and chose members of the National Assembly in elections that were considered generally free and fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The following human rights problems continued: isolated unlawful killings and use of excessive force by security forces, sometimes with impunity; poor prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption and other abuses by security forces; a high number of pretrial detainees; and corruption and denial of due process within the judicial system. President Correa and his administration continued verbal and legal attacks against the independent media. Societal problems continued, including physical aggression against journalists; violence against women; discrimination against women, indigenous persons, Afro-Ecuadorians, and lesbians and gay men; trafficking in persons and sexual exploitation of minors; and child labor. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life The government or its agents did not commit any politically motivated killings; however, there continued to be credible reports that security forces used excessive force and committed isolated unlawful killings.
  • Hong Kong Bird Report 2011

    Hong Kong Bird Report 2011

    Hong Kong Bird Report 2011 Hong Kong Bird Report 香港鳥類報告 2011 香港鳥類報告 Birdview report 2009-2010_MINOX.indd 1 5/7/12 1:46 PM Birdview report 2009-2010_MINOX.indd 1 5/7/12 1:46 PM 防雨水設計 8x42 EXWP I / 10x42 EXWP I • 8倍放大率 / 10倍放大率 • 防水設計, 尤合戶外及水上活動使用 • 密封式內充氮氣, 有效令鏡片防霞防霧 • 高折射指數稜鏡及多層鍍膜鏡片, 確保影像清晰明亮 • 能阻隔紫外線, 保護視力 港澳區代理：大通拓展有限公司 荃灣沙咀道381-389號榮亞工業大廈一樓C座 電話：(852) 2730 5663 傳真：(852) 2735 7593 電郵：[email protected] 野 外 觀 鳥 活 動 必 備 手 冊 www.wanlibk.com 萬里機構wanlibk.com www.hkbws.org.hk 觀鳥.indd 1 13年3月12日 下午2:10 Published in Mar 2013 2013年3月出版 The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 香港觀鳥會 7C, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road , Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon , Hong Kong, China 中國香港九龍荔枝角青山道532號偉基大廈7樓C室 (Approved Charitable Institution of Public Character) (認可公共性質慈善機構) Editors: John Allcock, Geoff Carey, Gary Chow and Geoff Welch 編輯：柯祖毅, 賈知行, 周家禮, Geoff Welch 版權所有，不准翻印 All rights reserved. Copyright © HKBWS Printed on 100% recycled paper with soy ink. 全書採用100%再造紙及大豆油墨印刷 Front Cover 封面： Chestnut-cheeked Starling Agropsar philippensis 栗頰椋鳥 Po Toi Island, 5th October 2011 蒲台島 2011年10月5日 Allen Chan 陳志雄 Hong Kong Bird Report 2011: Committees The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 香港觀鳥會 Committees and Officers 2013 榮譽會長 Honorary President 林超英先生 Mr. Lam Chiu Ying 執行委員會 Executive Committee 主席 Chairman 劉偉民先生 Mr. Lau Wai Man, Apache 副主席 Vice-chairman 吳祖南博士 Dr. Ng Cho Nam 副主席 Vice-chairman 吳 敏先生 Mr. Michael Kilburn 義務秘書 Hon. Secretary 陳慶麟先生 Mr. Chan Hing Lun, Alan 義務司庫 Hon. Treasurer 周智良小姐 Ms. Chow Chee Leung, Ada 委員 Committee members 李慧珠小姐 Ms. Lee Wai Chu, Ronley 柯祖毅先生 Mr.
  • What Causes the Extremely Heavy Rainfall in Taiwan During Typhoon Morakot (2009)?

    What Causes the Extremely Heavy Rainfall in Taiwan During Typhoon Morakot (2009)?

    ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Atmos. Sci. Let. 11: 46–50 (2010) Published online 1 February 2010 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/asl.255 What causes the extremely heavy rainfall in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot (2009)? Xuyang Ge,1*TimLi,1 Shengjun Zhang,1,2 and Melinda Peng3 1International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA 2State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 3Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA *Correspondence to: Abstract Dr Xuyang Ge, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, Despite its category-2 intensity only, Typhoon (tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific) POST Building 401, Honolulu, Morakot produced a record-breaking rainfall in Taiwan. A cloud-resolving model is used to Hawaii 96822, USA. simulate this extreme rainfall event and understand the dynamic aspect under this event. E-mail: [email protected] Due to the interaction between Morakot and a monsoon system, a peripheral gale force monsoon surge appears to the south of Taiwan. The monsoon surge remains even in a sensitivity experiment in which Taiwan terrain is reduced. However, the rainfall amount in Taiwan is greatly reduced without high topography over Taiwan, suggesting the important role the local topography plays in producing heavy rainfall. The overall numerical results Received: 22 September 2009 indicate that it is the interaction among the typhoon, monsoon system, and local terrain that Revised: 29 November 2009 led to this extreme event. Copyright 2010 Royal Meteorological Society Accepted: 2 December 2009 Keywords: heavy rainfall; typhoon 1. Introduction may have a great impact on TC genesis and subse- quent motion.
  • Chun-Chieh Wu (吳俊傑) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 1

    Chun-Chieh Wu (吳俊傑) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 1

    Chun-Chieh Wu (吳俊傑) Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan Telephone & Facsimile: (886) 2-2363-2303 Email: [email protected], WWW: http://typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw Date of Birth: 30 July, 1964 Education: Graduate: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Department of Earth Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, May 1993 Thesis under the supervision of Professor Kerry A. Emanuel on "Understanding hurricane movement using potential vorticity: A numerical model and an observational study." Undergraduate: National Taiwan University, B.S., Department of Atmospheric Sciences, June 1986 Recent Positions: Professor and Chairman Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University August 2008 to present Director NTU Typhoon Research Center January 2009 to present Adjunct Research Scientist Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University July 2004 - present Professor Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University August 2000 to 2008 Visiting Fellow Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University January – July, 2004 (on sabbatical leave from NTU) Associate Professor Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University August 1994 to July 2000 Visiting Research Scientist Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University August 1993 – November 1994; July to September 1995 1 Awards: Gold Bookmarker Prize Wu Ta-You Popular Science Book Prize in Translation Wu Ta-You Foundation, 2008 Outstanding Teaching Award, National Taiwan University, 2008 Outstanding Research Award, National Science Council, 2007 Research Achievement Award, National Taiwan Univ., 2004 University Teaching Award, National Taiwan University, 2003, 2006, 2007 Academia Sinica Research Award for Junior Researchers, 2001 Memberships: Member of the American Meteorological Society. Member of the American Geophysical Union.
  • Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador

    Between Latacunga and San Agustin De Callo: Tanicuchi, Six Centuries of Prehispanic Occupation in the Central Highlands of Ecuador

    BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR by Cecilia Josefina Vásquez Pazmiño A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Northern Arizona University May 2005 Approved: _____________________________ George Gumerman IV, Ph.D., Chair _____________________________ Francis Smiley, Ph.D _____________________________ Miguel Vásquez, Ph.D. _____________________________ Christian Downum, Ph.D. ABSTRACT BETWEEN LATACUNGA AND SAN AGUSTIN DE CALLO: TANICUCHI, SIX CENTURIES OF PREHISPANIC OCCUPATION IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ECUADOR CECILIA JOSEFINA VASQUEZ PAZMIÑO The Inkas occupied ancient Ecuador during the 16th century. Monumental architecture such as tambos (inns), fortresses, and towns were strategically located along the royal Inka road. In the Central Ecuadorian highlands, the sites of Latacunga, San Agustín de Callo, and El Salitre remain a prominent testimony of Inka imperialism. Surprisingly, Inka remains were scarce in the archaeological survey at Tanicuchí, between San Agustín de Callo and Latacunga. The systematically aligned survey of Tanicuchí supplied information concerning six centuries of Prehispanic occupation in the area. Surface collection and analysis of material culture defined Tanicuchí’s origins and chronology. Relative dating suggests that initial Tanicuchí occupation began during the Integration Period (A.D. 800-1500), followed by Inka (A.D. 1500-1534) and Early Colonial (A.D. 1534- 1580) periods of conquest. The imposition of Inka and Colonial rules imposed changes on politics, economics, and social relationships reflected in the frequency and distribution of pottery types. A conspicuous sample of Tardío and Cosanga pottery found at Tanicuchí indicates intensive trade and alliances between highland and lowland populations during the Integration Period.
  • UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Lucía Patricia Fiallos

    UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Lucía Patricia Fiallos

    UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ Colegio de Posgrados Gastrointestinal microbiota of children 6-8 years of age living in Cuenca, Guayllabamba and Uyumbicho (Ecuador) Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Paúl Cárdenas, Ph.D. Director de Trabajo de Titulación Trabajo de titulación de posgrado presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de Magister en Microbiología Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 2 UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO USFQ COLEGIO DE POSGRADOS HOJA DE APROBACIÓN DE TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN Gastrointestinal microbiota of children 6-8 years of age living in Cuenca, Guayllabamba and Uyumbicho (Ecuador) Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Firmas Paúl Cárdenas, M.D., Ph.D. Director del Trabajo de Titulación Gabriel Trueba, Ph.D. Director de la Maestría de Mirobiología Miembro del Comité de Tesis Enrique Terán, Ph.D. Miembro del Comité de Tesis Hugo Burgos, Ph.D. Decano del Colegio de Posgrados Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 3 © Derechos de Autor Por medio del presente documento certifico que he leído todas las Políticas y Manuales de la Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, incluyendo la Política de Propiedad Intelectual USFQ, y estoy de acuerdo con su contenido, por lo que los derechos de propiedad intelectual del presente trabajo quedan sujetos a lo dispuesto en esas Políticas. Asimismo, autorizo a la USFQ para que realice la digitalización y publicación de este trabajo en el repositorio virtual, de conformidad a lo dispuesto en el Art. 144 de la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior. Firma del estudiante: Nombre: Lucía Patricia Fiallos Cazar Código de estudiante: 00109086 C. I.: 172091580-8 Lugar, Fecha Quito, 14 de mayo de 2019 4 DEDICATORIA A mi padre Patricio Fiallos, por su apoyo, a mi madre Mariana Cazar por su amor y respaldo, a mi hermano Pedro Fiallos, a Boris Franco a mi hijo Ariel Franco, mi familia en general, a mis amigas y a mis compañeros del Instituto de Microbiología de la USFQ.
  • Título Del Gráfico 2% 0% 3% Informativos 5% 0% 12% Musicales 4% 1% Deportivos Variedades Educativos 73% Culturales Turísticos Salud

    Título Del Gráfico 2% 0% 3% Informativos 5% 0% 12% Musicales 4% 1% Deportivos Variedades Educativos 73% Culturales Turísticos Salud

    Universidad de Cuenca UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL Plan de creación de una emisora de radio en FM, ubicada en el cantón San Fernando, provincia del Azuay. Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación Social mención Periodismo AUTOR: MILTON EDUARDO PASATO PEÑA C.I: 070428683-0 DIRECTOR: LCDO. WILSON ORLANDO GÁRATE ANDRADE. MSc. C.I:010193789-4 Cuenca – Ecuador 2018 Universidad de Cuenca RESUMEN El presente trabajo: Plan de creación de una emisora de radio en FM, ubicada en el cantón San Fernando, Provincia del Azuay, estuvo orientado a la realización de un diagnóstico que permitió la elaboración de un plan de comunicación para la creación de una emisora de radio en el cantón San Fernando, de la provincia del Azuay. Se sustentó en la identificación de la audiencia con el medio de comunicación; a través, de la representación de la cultura y la identidad de la región. Para ello se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, que posibilitó la ejecución de la investigación de campo y la revisión bibliográfica y documental; cuyos resultados determinaron que los pobladores tienen interés por escuchar el medio radial; aunque, prefieren emisoras fuera de su localidad, siendo el contenido de preferencia el musical y, en menor grado, cultural y turístico; lo que evidenció la necesidad de crear un espacio con el que se identifiquen y se traten temas de interés social que aporten a su desarrollo local. PALABRAS CLAVE: PLAN DE COMUNICACIÓN RADIAL, IDENTIDAD, CULTURA, TURISMO, DESARROLLO LOCAL.
  • On the Extreme Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009)

    On the Extreme Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009)

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116, D05104, doi:10.1029/2010JD015092, 2011 On the extreme rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009) Fang‐Ching Chien1 and Hung‐Chi Kuo2 Received 21 September 2010; revised 17 December 2010; accepted 4 January 2011; published 4 March 2011. [1] Typhoon Morakot (2009), a devastating tropical cyclone (TC) that made landfall in Taiwan from 7 to 9 August 2009, produced the highest recorded rainfall in southern Taiwan in the past 50 years. This study examines the factors that contributed to the heavy rainfall. It is found that the amount of rainfall in Taiwan was nearly proportional to the reciprocal of TC translation speed rather than the TC intensity. Morakot’s landfall on Taiwan occurred concurrently with the cyclonic phase of the intraseasonal oscillation, which enhanced the background southwesterly monsoonal flow. The extreme rainfall was caused by the very slow movement of Morakot both in the landfall and in the postlandfall periods and the continuous formation of mesoscale convection with the moisture supply from the southwesterly flow. A composite study of 19 TCs with similar track to Morakot shows that the uniquely slow translation speed of Morakot was closely related to the northwestward‐extending Pacific subtropical high (PSH) and the broad low‐pressure systems (associated with Typhoon Etau and Typhoon Goni) surrounding Morakot. Specifically, it was caused by the weakening steering flow at high levels that primarily resulted from the weakening PSH, an approaching short‐wave trough, and the northwestward‐tilting Etau. After TC landfall, the circulation of Goni merged with the southwesterly flow, resulting in a moisture conveyer belt that transported moisture‐laden air toward the east‐northeast.
  • The Prevalence of Malnutrition in Ecuador 6

    The Prevalence of Malnutrition in Ecuador 6

    38689 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLDBANK Causes, Consequences, andSolutions Ecuador Nutritional Failure in A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY BANK COUNTRY WORLD A A WORLD BANK COUNTRY STUDY Nutritional Failure in Ecuador Causes, Consequences, and Solutions THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Printing: February 2007 printed on recycled paper 1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07 World Bank Country Studies are among the many reports originally prepared for internal use as part of the continuing analysis by the Bank of the economic and related conditions of its devel- oping member countries and to facilitate its dialogs with the governments. Some of the reports are published in this series with the least possible delay for the use of governments, and the aca- demic, business, financial, and development communities. The manuscript of this paper there- fore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.
  • Analysis of the Conservation Model of Territorial Forest and Vegetation Protection in Azuay, Ecuador

    Analysis of the Conservation Model of Territorial Forest and Vegetation Protection in Azuay, Ecuador

    Analysis of the Conservation Model of Territorial Forest and Vegetation Protection in Azuay, Ecuador Marcelo Leona,b, Maribel Alomotoc and María de la O Barrosoa aUniversidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain bUniversidad Nacional de Loja, Loja, Ecuador cUniversidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqui, Ecuador Abstract In Ecuador, the changes in vegetation coverage seem to be directly influenced by the deforestation rates, and by the change in use of soil with forestation capabilities to farming soils, causing the loss of native forests, as well as the goods and services they help provide to the local communities. The objective of this article is to get a preliminary diagnostic of the management of the Forest and Protecting Vegetation Areas (ABVP) in the towns of the province of Azuay, through the review of: Development and Territorial Management Plans (PDYOT) available in the city level governments; statistics of town areas as given by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), Maps of ABVP’s emitted by the Ministry of Environment, and the Department of National Forests, which are available at the National Department of Information (SNI). Getting to the conclusion that more than 60% of the ABVP in the entire province are centralized in the cities of Cuenca (42%) and Pucara (19%), and also existing in a town which has not reported the existence of ABVP called Guachalapa; The most frequent anthropogenic activity in the towns that pushes the ABVP’s is the expansion of the farming areas (8 towns), followed by the cattle farming activities (6 towns); the reforestation is one of the most frequently proposed projects to achieve the recovery and conservation of the ABVPs, followed by updating activities for the ABVP Forest Management Plans.
  • Letterhead Template

    Letterhead Template

    Information Pack for British Prisoners in Ecuador Author Quito Consular Team Department Consular Section British Embassy Quito Date 5 May 2014 Not protectively marked Information Pack for British Prisoners in Ecuador Not protectively marked Contents Who can help? ........................................................................................................................ 4 About the Ecuador Consular Network ..................................................................................... 4 Who are the Consular Representatives? ................................................................................ 4 Contact Information: ................................................................................................................ 5 British Embassy Quito ............................................................................................................. 5 FIRST STEPS ......................................................................................................................... 6 Who will know that I have been detained? .............................................................................. 6 What will my family be told? .................................................................................................... 6 What will the Consulate do? ................................................................................................... 6 PRISON CONDITIONS / SERVICES ..................................................................................... 7 General prison conditions
  • Structural and Intensity Changes of Concentric Eyewall Typhoons in the Western North Pacific Basin

    Structural and Intensity Changes of Concentric Eyewall Typhoons in the Western North Pacific Basin

    2632 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 141 Structural and Intensity Changes of Concentric Eyewall Typhoons in the Western North Pacific Basin YI-TING YANG AND HUNG-CHI KUO Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ERIC A. HENDRICKS AND MELINDA S. PENG Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California (Manuscript received 31 August 2012, in final form 7 February 2013) ABSTRACT An objective method is developed to identify concentric eyewalls (CEs) for typhoons using passive mi- crowave satellite imagery from 1997 to 2011 in the western North Pacific basin. Three CE types are identified: a CE with an eyewall replacement cycle (ERC; 37 cases), a CE with no replacement cycle (NRC; 17 cases), and a CE that is maintained for an extended period (CEM; 16 cases). The inner eyewall (outer eyewall) of the ERC (NRC) type dissipates within 20 h after CE formation. The CEM type has its CE structure maintained for more than 20 h (mean duration time is 31 h). Structural and intensity changes of CE typhoons are dem- onstrated using a T–Vmax diagram (where T is the brightness temperature and Vmax is the best-track es- timated intensity) for a time sequence of the intensity and convective activity (CA) relationship. While the intensity of typhoons in the ERC and CEM cases weakens after CE formation, the CA is maintained or increases. In contrast, the CA weakens in the NRC cases. The NRC (CEM) cases typically have fast (slow) northward translational speeds and encounter large (small) vertical shear and low (high) sea surface tem- 2 peratures. The CEM cases have a relatively high intensity (63 m s 1), and the moat size (61 km) and outer eyewall width (70 km) are approximately 50% larger than the other two categories.