Historical Timeline - from 1700S to the Present
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E.1 0868-006-20 KSM Gitxsan Desk-Based Research
APPENDIX 30-D GITXSAN NATION TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND USE DESK-BASED RESEARCH REPORT TM Seabridge Gold Inc. KSM PROJECT Gitxsan Nation Traditional Knowledge and Use Desk-based Research Report Rescan™ Environmental Services Ltd. Rescan Building, Sixth Floor - 1111 West Hastings Street Vancouver, BC Canada V6E 2J3 October 2012 Tel: (604) 689-9460 Fax: (604) 687-4277 KSM PROJECT GITXSAN NATION TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND USE DESK-BASED RESEARCH REPORT October 2012 Project #0868-006-20 Citation: Rescan. 2012. KSM Project: Gitxsan Nation Traditional Knowledge and Use Desk-based Research Report . Prepared for Seabridge Gold Inc. by Rescan Environmental Services Ltd.: Vancouver, British Columbia. Prepared for: Seabridge Gold Inc. Prepared by: Rescan™ Environmental Services Ltd. Vancouver, British Columbia KSM PROJECT GITXSAN NATION TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND USE DESK-BASED RESEARCH REPORT Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... i List of Figures .................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ..................................................................................................... ii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Proponent .................................................................................. -
The Honour of One Is the the Remarkable Contributions of These First Nations Graduates Honour of All Honour the Voices of Our Ancestors Table of Contents of Table
The Honour of One is the The Remarkable Contributions of these First Nations Graduates Honour of All Honour the Voices of Our Ancestors 2 THE HONOUR OF ONE Table of Contents 3 Table of Contents 2 THE HONOUR OF ONE Introduction 4 William (Bill) Ronald Reid 8 George Manuel 10 Margaret Siwallace 12 Chief Simon Baker 14 Phyllis Amelia Chelsea 16 Elizabeth Rose Charlie 18 Elijah Edward Smith 20 Doreen May Jensen 22 Minnie Elizabeth Croft 24 Georges Henry Erasmus 26 Verna Jane Kirkness 28 Vincent Stogan 30 Clarence Thomas Jules 32 Alfred John Scow 34 Robert Francis Joseph 36 Simon Peter Lucas 38 Madeleine Dion Stout 40 Acknowledgments 42 4 THE HONOUR OF ONE IntroductionIntroduction 5 THE HONOUR OF ONE The Honour of One is the Honour of All “As we enter this new age that is being he Honour of One is the called “The Age of Information,” I like to THonour of All Sourcebook is think it is the age when healing will take a tribute to the First Nations men place. This is a good time to acknowledge and women recognized by the our accomplishments. This is a good time to University of British Columbia for share. We need to learn from the wisdom of their distinguished achievements and our ancestors. We need to recognize the hard outstanding service to either the life work of our predecessors which has brought of the university, the province, or on us to where we are today.” a national or international level. Doreen Jensen May 29, 1992 This tribute shows that excellence can be expressed in many ways. -
BIG TUNNEL IS FINISHED at LAST Researched By: Ralph Drew, Belcarra, BC, August 2013
BIG TUNNEL IS FINISHED AT LAST Researched By: Ralph Drew, Belcarra, BC, August 2013. Source: Vancouver Province, April 27th, 1905. Drill pierced the wall of rock. Rejoicing at Lake Beautiful [Buntzen Lake] to-day when crews working on Vancouver Power Company’s scheme met under centre of mountain — Facts concerning the Great Work. The Vancouver Power Company’s tunnel is finished. The practical completion of this extensive work took place this morning when a ten-foot drill pierced a hole through the last intervening section of rock in the two-and-a-half-mile bore, which will connect Lakes Coquitlam and Beautiful [Buntzen Lake] for the generation of electrical energy. After two and a quarter years of incessant work, involving an expenditure of $320,000, the drill broke through this morning from the Lake Coquitlam end, and leaving but 10 feet of rock remaining, which will be removed by this evening. This marks an important step in the development of the Hydro Electric Power Scheme which is ultimately intended to develop 30,000 horsepower for distribution in Vancouver, New Westminster and Steveston. The big tunnel forms a silent, but eloquent testimonial for the triumph of modern engineering, for, after working from both portals beneath a mountain four thousand feet high for over two years the two ends of the bore met exactly true. Amid cheers of surprise and delight the workmen employed at the Lake Beautiful heading of the tunnel being driven for the Vancouver Power Co., saw the end of a steel frill break through the wall of rock on which they were engaged at 7 o’clock this morning. -
Introduction One Setting the Stage
Notes Introduction 1. For further reference, see, for example, MacKay 2002. 2. See also Engle 2010 for this discussion. 3. I owe thanks to Naomi Kipuri, herself an indigenous Maasai, for having told me of this experience. 4. In the sense as this process was first described and analyzed by Fredrik Barth (1969). 5. An in-depth and updated overview of the state of affairs is given by other sources, such as the annual IWGIA publication, The Indigenous World. 6. The phrase refers to a 1972 cross-country protest by the Indians. 7. Refers to the Act that extinguished Native land claims in almost all of Alaska in exchange for about one-ninth of the state’s land plus US$962.5 million in compensation. 8. Refers to the court case in which, in 1992, the Australian High Court for the first time recognized Native title. 9. Refers to the Berger Inquiry that followed the proposed building of a pipeline from the Beaufort Sea down the Mackenzie Valley in Canada. 10. Settler countries are those that were colonized by European farmers who took over the land belonging to the aboriginal populations and where the settlers and their descendents became the majority of the population. 11. See for example Béteille 1998 and Kuper 2003. 12. I follow the distinction as clarified by Jenkins when he writes that “a group is a collectivity which is meaningful to its members, of which they are aware, while a category is a collectivity that is defined according to criteria formu- lated by the sociologist or anthropologist” (2008, 56). -
British Columbia 1858
Legislative Library of British Columbia Background Paper 2007: 02 / May 2007 British Columbia 1858 Nearly 150 years ago, the land that would become the province of British Columbia was transformed. The year – 1858 – saw the creation of a new colony and the sparking of a gold rush that dramatically increased the local population. Some of the future province’s most famous and notorious early citizens arrived during that year. As historian Jean Barman wrote: in 1858, “the status quo was irrevocably shattered.” Prepared by Emily Yearwood-Lee Reference Librarian Legislative Library of British Columbia LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BACKGROUND PAPERS AND BRIEFS ABOUT THE PAPERS Staff of the Legislative Library prepare background papers and briefs on aspects of provincial history and public policy. All papers can be viewed on the library’s website at http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/ SOURCES All sources cited in the papers are part of the library collection or available on the Internet. The Legislative Library’s collection includes an estimated 300,000 print items, including a large number of BC government documents dating from colonial times to the present. The library also downloads current online BC government documents to its catalogue. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of the Legislative Library or the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. While great care is taken to ensure these papers are accurate and balanced, the Legislative Library is not responsible for errors or omissions. Papers are written using information publicly available at the time of production and the Library cannot take responsibility for the absolute accuracy of those sources. -
Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1983 Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians Cynthia J. Manning The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Manning, Cynthia J., "Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians" (1983). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5855. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5855 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished m a n u s c r ip t in w h ic h c o p y r ig h t su b s i s t s . Any further r e p r in t in g of it s c o n ten ts must be a ppro ved BY THE AUTHOR. MANSFIELD L ib r a r y Un iv e r s it y of Montana D a te : 1 9 8 3 AN ETHNOHISTORY OF THE KOOTENAI INDIANS By Cynthia J. Manning B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1978 Presented in partial fu lfillm en t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1983 Approved by: Chair, Board of Examiners Fan, Graduate Sch __________^ ^ c Z 3 ^ ^ 3 Date UMI Number: EP36656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Mining in British Columbia
BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES HON. R. E. SOMMERS, Minister JOHN F. WALKEE, Deputy Minister MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA An Outline of the Development of the Industry VICTORIA, B.C. Printed by DON MCDIARMID, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1954 BCEMPR MiSC PUB-33 c.3 nisc 0005073968 PUB-33 c-3 BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES E. SOMMERS, Minister JOHN F. WALKER, Deputy Minister MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA An Outline of the Development of the Industry VICTORIA, B.C. Primed by DON MCDIAHMID, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty 1954 This pamphlet deals principally with the history of mining activity in British Columbia to the end of the year 1953. The written account is supplemented by a selection of photographs. MINING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA It is a curious fact that, although what is now British Columbia possessed a vast wealth of visible resources, little attention was paid to them in the eighty years following Captain Cook's visit to the west coast of Vancouver Island in 1778. Such interest as was aroused was mainly in furs. It was interest in fur that led John Meares to establish his short-lived post at Nootka, and interest in fur that spurred Alexander Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, and David Thompson to undertake their arduous expeditions into British Colum• bia from the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. In the period from 1805 to 1849 fifteen posts were established along the routes of the fur brigades, and here and there the Oblate Fathers had planted churches among the tribes. -
Appendix B: Hydrotechnical Assessment
Sheep Paddocks Trail Alignment Analysis APPENDIX B: HYDROTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT LEES+Associates -112- 30 Gostick Place | North Vancouver, BC V7M 3G3 | 604.980.6011 | www.nhcweb.com 300217 15 August 2013 Lees + Associates Landscape Architects #509 – 318 Homer Street Vancouver, BC V6B 2V2 Attention: Nalon Smith Dear Mr. Smith: Subject: Sheep Paddocks Trail Alignment – Phase 1 Hydrotechnical Assessment Preliminary Report 1 INTRODUCTION Metro Vancouver wishes to upgrade the Sheep Paddocks Trail between Pitt River Road and Mundy Creek in Colony Farm Regional Park on the west side of the Coquitlam River. The trail is to accommodate pedestrian and bicycle traffic and be built to withstand at least a 1 in 10 year flood. The project will be completed in three phases: 1. Phase 1 – Route Selection 2. Phase 2 – Detailed Design 3. Phase 3 – Construction and Post-Construction This letter report provides hydrotechnical input for Phase 1 – Route Selection. Currently, a narrow footpath runs along the top of a berm on the right bank of the river. The trail suffered erosion damage in 2007 and was subsequently closed to the public but is still unofficially in use. Potential future routes include both an inland and river option, as well as combinations of the two. To investigate the feasibility of the different options and help identify the most appropriate trail alignment from a hydrotechnical perspective, NHC was retained to undertake the following Phase I scope of work: • Participate in three meetings. • Attend a site visit. • Estimate different return period river flows and comment on local drainage requirements. • Simulate flood levels and velocities corresponding to the different flows. -
Attribution, Continuity, and Symbolic Capital in a Nuxalk Community
THUNDER AND BEING: ATTRIBUTION, CONTINUITY, AND SYMBOLIC CAPITAL IN A NUXALK COMMUNITY by CHRISTOPHER WESLEY SMITH B.A., University of Alaska Anchorage, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2019 © Christopher Wesley Smith, 2019 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled: Thunder and Being: Attribution, Continuity, and Symbolic Capital in a Nuxalk Community submitted by Christopher Wesley Smith in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Examining Committee: Jennifer Kramer Supervisor Bruce Granville Miller Supervisory Committee Member Additional Examiner ii Abstract This ethnography investigates how Nuxalk carpenters (artists) and cultural specialists discursively connect themselves to cultural treasures and historic makers through attributions and staked cultural knowledge. A recent wave of information in the form of digital images of ancestral objects, long-absent from the community, has enabled Nuxalk members to develop connoisseurial skills to reinterpret, reengage, and re-indigenize those objects while constructing cultural continuity and mobilizing symbolic capital in their community, the art market, and between each other. The methodologies described in this ethnography and deployed by Nuxalk people draw from both traditional knowledge and formal analysis, problematizing the presumed binary division between these epistemologies in First Nations art scholarship and texts. By developing competencies with objects though exposure and familiarity, Nuxalk carpenters and cultural specialists are driving a spiritual and artistic resurgence within their community. -
~ Coal Mining in Canada: a Historical and Comparative Overview
~ Coal Mining in Canada: A Historical and Comparative Overview Delphin A. Muise Robert G. McIntosh Transformation Series Collection Transformation "Transformation," an occasional paper series pub- La collection Transformation, publication en st~~rie du lished by the Collection and Research Branch of the Musee national des sciences et de la technologic parais- National Museum of Science and Technology, is intended sant irregulierement, a pour but de faire connaitre, le to make current research available as quickly and inex- plus vite possible et au moindre cout, les recherches en pensively as possible. The series presents original cours dans certains secteurs. Elle prend la forme de research on science and technology history and issues monographies ou de recueils de courtes etudes accep- in Canada through refereed monographs or collections tes par un comite d'experts et s'alignant sur le thenne cen- of shorter studies, consistent with the Corporate frame- tral de la Societe, v La transformation du CanadaLo . Elle work, "The Transformation of Canada," and curatorial presente les travaux de recherche originaux en histoire subject priorities in agricultural and forestry, communi- des sciences et de la technologic au Canada et, ques- cations and space, transportation, industry, physical tions connexes realises en fonction des priorites de la sciences and energy. Division de la conservation, dans les secteurs de: l'agri- The Transformation series provides access to research culture et des forets, des communications et de 1'cspace, undertaken by staff curators and researchers for develop- des transports, de 1'industrie, des sciences physiques ment of collections, exhibits and programs. Submissions et de 1'energie . -
Species Status Summary and Information Needs White-Winged Scoter (Melanitta Fusca)
Species Status Summary and Information Needs Sea Duck Joint Venture, March 2015 White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca) Population Size and Trends: The number of White-winged Scoters breeding in western Canada and Alaska appear to have declined in the past half-century, based on declines in total scoter numbers in regions where White-winged Scoters predominate. The recent trend is unknown, but the population is probably below historic levels (Bowman et al. 2015). Scoters (all three species combined) declined from the early 1980s to the early 2000s but seem to have increased beginning around 2004 (Bowman et al. 2015). The number of White-winged Scoters breeding in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge was apparently stable from 2001 to 2011, with no apparent trend and no significant differences between years (Guldager and Bertram 2010; Bowman et al. 2015). However, species-specific data from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat survey indicates an increasing trend in Alaska between 1993 and 2012 (Bowman et al. 2015). Alisauskas et al. (2004) found that the number of breeding White-winged Scoters in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan increased during the 1990s while continuing to decline in northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories; breeding populations disappeared from southern Alberta and southern Manitoba by 1998. Range-wide surveys during winter are only at the developmental stage. A 35% decline has been observed in Puget Sound, Washington, from 1999 to 2013 (Bowman et al. 2015) and a significant negative trend (-7.6%/year) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, has been recorded by the BC Coastal Waterbird Survey (Crewe et al. -
The Native Land Policies of Governor James Douglas
The Native Land Policies of Governor James Douglas Cole Harris* n British Columbia, as in other settler colonies, it was in the interest of capital, labour, and settlers to obtain unimpeded access to Iland. The power to do so lay in the state’s military apparatus and in an array of competences that enabled it to manage people and distance. Justification for the dispossession of Native peoples was provided by assumptions about the benefits of civilizing savages and of turning wasteful land uses into productive ones. Colonization depended on this combination of interest, power, and cultural judgment. In British Columbia, approximately a third of 1 percent of the land of the province was set aside in Native reserves. The first of these reserves were laid out on Vancouver Island in the 1850s, and the last, to all intents and purposes, during the First World War. Not all government officials thought them sufficient, and during these years there were two sustained attempts to provide larger Native reserves. The first, in the early 1860s, was associated with Governor James Douglas, and the second, in the late 1870s, with Gilbert Malcolm Sproat, an Indian reserve commis- sioner who knew Douglas and admired and emulated his Native land policies. Both attempts, however, were quickly superseded. Douglas resigned in April 1864. His Native land policies were discontinued and some of his reserves were reduced. Sproat resigned in March 1880, and over the next almost twenty years his successor, Peter O’Reilly, allocated the small reserves that the government and settler opinion demanded. The provincial government, which by the 1880s controlled provincial * Editors' note: This is a necessarily verbatim version of Cole Harris's deposition as an expert witness in a forthcoming land claims case.