Case Study for module farm management: 1 Farm from Thailand
• Mr. Patphong Farm “Peerapol Farm”
This presentation is based on the action research of the Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand
By 1. Jiranuth Charnnarongkul, Director of Agricultural Extension Research and Development Division 2. Wapet Surangsri, Senior Subject Matter Specialist, Agricultural Extension Research and Development Division, and the team Peerapol Farm Located @ 14°28'11"N 99°10‘28"E Case Study of Farm Management based on Sufficiency Economy
Mr. Patphong Mongkholkanchanakhun Address : 119 Moo 4 Nongpet Sub – district, Srisawat District Kanchanaburi Province Tel. 08-4527-6227 Location:
14°00'15.9"N 99°32'57.2"E Kanchanaburi Province Srisawat District, Nhongpet Sub-district, Tha-thungna village@ Peerapol farm 39 rai = 6.24 ha 2% - 10 % slope (calculate by using the MOAC digital terrain elevation database) 200 – 220 m. hight from sea level Soil physical : Wang Hai series L: Wi Wang saphung series: Ws Problems: soil erosion, low soil fertility, high risk & effect of monocropping Awards of Mr. Patphong
• MOAC smart farmer • Awarded by FAO in 2014 for his success in integrated farming. • Awarded the MOAC outstanding famer regarding integrated farming in 2014 • Awarded the MOAC outstanding famer regarding land development for agriculture in 2016. Peerapol Farm Located @ 14°28'11"N 99°10‘28"E
Sufficiency Economy Learning Center Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy “Sufficiency economy” SE is a philosophy that stresses themiddlepathas the overriding principle for appropriate conduct and way of life of the entire populace. It applies to conduct and way of life at individual, family and community levels. At the national level, the philosophy is consistent with a balanced development strategy that would reduce the vulnerability of the nation to shocks and excesses that may arise as a result of globalization. “Sufficiency” means moderation and due consideration in all modes of conduct, and incorporates the need for sufficient protection from internal and external shocks. Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy (SE) Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy (SE)
= not doing something too little or too much at the expense of oneself or Moderation others
= evaluating the reason, understanding the consequences, applying Reasonablene accumulated knowledge and experiences, having analytical capability, ss having self- awareness
= risk management, ability to withstand shocks, to adjust to changes and Self-immunity cope with uncontrollable events
Knowledge = having all-round knowledge, having prudence in using the knowledge
= care and loving, mutual assistance, honesty, patience, perseverance, Morality intelligence etc. Highlight of Patphong’s Sufficiency Economy Learning Center 1. Green manure 2. Vetiver grass contour hedgerow 3. Composting from farm residue 4. Bio-extract production 5. Herb production for pest control 6. Alternative energy: Biogas 7. Papaya grafting 8. Integrated & Organic farming 9. Farm product processing Vetiver grass contour hedgerow
Composting from farm residue Animal feed production
Bio-extract production Green manure
Alternative energy: Biogas
Papaya grafting Peerapol Farm management Peerapol Farm Perspective in 2016 Land measures Contour cultivation : 3 levels Slope area – 10% slope Plain area – 4% slope Low/wet land – 2% slope Increase soil fertility Split land to small plot according to the slope and crop Gradually increase a plot of land for cultivation Reserve the lowest land for farm pond Reserve the wetland for sediment trap control the runoff Plant measures Grow rice & all plants needed to feed the family - sufficiency basic food consumption as family food bank Conduct an experiment before continue planting Crop planning for generate income thoroughly the year Plant selection criteria Income generating; daily, weekly, monthly & seasoning Market led planting – papaya, banana, mango, guava Suitable for the local atmosphere, tolerant, resistant Herbs collection Native plants conservation Plant measures Planting system Contour cultivation Vetiver grass contour hedgerow Multiple cropping Crop rotation Cover cropping - mulching with legume & crop residues Green manure – sunhemp & bean Cultivation of three kinds of forests for four benefits Apply bio extract thru the sprinkle irrigation Varieties of crops – 77 Types and number of crops in Peerapol farm Group Type; varieties of crop Field crop (1) Rice Cover crop (5) Sunhemp, Green bean, Vetiver Grass, Jack bean, Napier Grass Herb & Spice (7) Citronella Grass, Fingerroot, Wildbetal Leafbush, Turmeric, Pandan , Myrobalan Wood, Wild Ginger Vegetable (23) Galanga, Coriander, Moonflower, Acacia, Paco Fern, Star gooseberry, Mushroom, Chilli, Kaffir lime, Lemon, Bitter melon, Basil, Lemon basil, Celery, Ivy Gourd, Chinese Broccoli, Cucumber, Yard Long bean, False pakchoi, Okra, Winter Melon, Moonflower, Chrysanthemum, Fruit (28) Moringa, Bilimbi, Broken Bones Tree, Olive, Papaya, banana, Mango, Guava, Dragon fruit, Pineapple, Jackfruit, Star fruit, Plango, Indian Gooseberry, Tamarind, Fig, coconut, Sapodilla, Lychee, Pomelo, Rose apple, Tangerine, Rambutan, Mangosteen, Durian, Longan, Longkong, Langsat Miscellaneous tree (8) Eucalyptus, Bamboo, Makha, Tabak, Pine, Yang Gurjan, Siamese Rosewood, Iron wood Native conservation (5) Bustard cardamom, Konjac, Licorice, Maengphao, Khainao Water measures Water supply/resource Å Two farm ponds Å Groundwater Å One big water tank up the hill Å Water tanks spread within the farm Well organized watering system/water usage Å By sprinkler irrigation – export crop, vegetable… Å Rain – tree, fruit, bamboo.. Sprinkle irrigation Sprinkle Irrigation 1. Gravity irrigation system: the big tank up the hill for the slope area (4 - 10%) = zone A 2. Water pump for irrigation system for the plain area and low/wet land ( 2 – 4%) = zone B The water usage: suitable for each crop 2,000,000
1,800,000 High value crop 1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000 Volume (Litre)
400,000
200,000
0 Integrated agriculture measures Swine production Fishery Giant gourami Tilapia Silver barb, Seven-striped barb Striped catfish Frogs Cow production Poultry Chicken Duck Goose Mushroom cultivation Zero waste agriculture Compost Manure Bio-extract production for pest control and fertilizer Animal feed Bio-gas for cooking Farm product management Å Preserve for family consumption is the first priority Å The excess product is for sale Å Farm product processing for value added Å Product made by order both fresh & procession product Å Grading Marketing measures Product • High quality product & good taste • Produce on demand • Focus on organic & premium product for niche –market • Develop new product continuing Price • Price setting depend on customer type, especially the community people are able to buy Promotion • Branding by quality and farm story • Roadshow in any festival within the province • Market on social network (just beginning) Place for sale Sale @ house for visitor Sale within community; customer walk in, make a call Sale within province though the middle man y Tourism spot, y Opened-market y Supermall Direct sale at Bangkok wholesale market Export thru two companies Thai Million Food co.ltd. – Germany RTR Consulting and Trading co.ltd. – France Capital & financial measures Strengthen financial discipline Book keeping/farm accounting Monthly Saving in community saving cooperative Source of Capital/financial service Family saving (18 years) Community saving cooperative Village fund Commercial bank Labor Family members = 3 Permanent labors = 3 Temporary labors during harvest & packing Farm Income 2015 Income Time Source Baht/each time Baht/month Baht/year Daily Veggie, mushroom 200.00 6,000.00 72,000.00 Weekly Papaya 25,000.00 100,000.00 1,200,000.00 Lime leaf 3,000.00 12,000.00 144,000.00 Banana 2,000.00 8,000.00 96,000.00 Guava 1,000.00 4,000.00 48,000.00 Monthly Fruits .. - - - Yearly Fruits, pig,.. - - - Total 130,000.00 1,560,000.00 = USD 3,690 = USD 44,280
(USD=35.23Baht@23May2016) Monthly farm income & expenses Income* Expenditure Source Baht/month Source Baht/month Veggie, mushroom.. 6,000.00 Labor 40,000.00 Papaya 100,000.00 Fuel 13,000.00 Lime leaf 12,000.00 Maintenance service 11,000.00 Banana 8,000.00 Working capital 20,000.00 Guava 4,000.00 House expenses 20,000.00 Saving 6,000.00 Total 130,000.00 Total 110,000.00 = USD 3,690 = USD 3,122
Net income = USD 568 or 20,010 Baht/month * = daily + weekly income (USD=35.23Baht@23May2016) Coexistence with wild elephant Prevention technique of Wild elephant trespassing 1. “Elephant ziren” is a tool and technique of Mr.Patphong to avoid facing and hurt the wild elephant. 2. The mechanical of “Elephant ziren” is just an alarm to make wild elephant frightened and run away without injured. 3. It is built by using the farm waste, local materials which is cheap and easily to assemble. 4. By Fixing the “Elephant ziren” at the entrance of wild elephant get used to enter and along the border of the farm. Elephant Ziren material: a) Water bottle 500 cc b) Battery & Electricity breaker c) Ziren d) String line e) Cover box f) Wood stand How to fix “Elephant Ziren” 1. Assemble the ziren, battery, breaker, cover box and fixed with the stand 2. Fill the water in the bottle, tie the bottle with the string connected with the breaker and put on the stand 3. Tie another string with the bottle neck and line along farm border 4. It is worked when the bottle has been fallen and pull the ziren ring. Wild elephant pathway & “Elephant Ziren” Layout 11 Locations & Activity of Self-Help Group Members Networking in the two farms
Conclusion Since 2005, Mr.Patphong applied the Philosophy of SE as life guidance in daily conduct and started the integrated organic farming, the results showed that five measures of farm managements and three group practices were the important strategies to sustain the living and carry on farm without risks.In which those were included the integrated management, agriculture, water, soil, fishery, livestock and forestry development. This study is able to describe into three aspects: 1. Economic; Sufficiency family food and basic needs throughout the year Able to earn income daily, weekly, monthly and season continuing Sufficiency income to support the family expenses More income for saving, wealth increase & expand the farm activities Safe production, quality product & good for family health Low cost production & zero waste agriculture Conduct experiment for self learning to improve farm productivity Connect farm to local, national & global market Conclusion 2. Social; Being healthy & safety society Expand knowledge & practices to the community and nation Establish the self-help group to strengthen the member capability Increase social capital & community well-being 3. Environmental; Soil & water conservation Increase the biodiversity & native conservation Alternative energy & zero waste management Increase the forestry Sustain coexistence with the wildlife Then, the sufficiency economy is the potential approach which suite with Thai farmer, specially small scale farmer to develop their own farm to secure family step-food, income, healthy and the better living under the modern cultivation. Implications
• To accelerate the change, participatory technology development and dissemination, people empowerment, advisory services, information and communication technology should be provided.